Siege of Fort Erie - Knowledge (XXG)

788:

garrison, before hastily retreating. The leading attackers rushed forward to the abatis. As they reached it, Towson opened fire. The rate of fire from his battery would earn it the nickname "Towson's Lighthouse". After several attempts to storm the battery, many attackers broke and fled in panic, sweeping away the steady soldiers to their rear. Those who did try to scale the defenses found that many of the siege ladders built for the attack had been made without taking the ditches into account and were as much as 5 feet (1.5 m) too short to get over the wall. The light company of De Watteville's Regiment attempted to bypass the defenses by swimming in the Niagara River. The current proved to be too swift, and many of the men were swept away to their death; those who survived were quickly captured.

854:

150 and 250 men, mainly British and Canadians, were killed in the bastion. It was gruesomely reported that some attackers were blown from the walls of the fort to land on the bayonets of those still in the ditch. The explosion caused havoc for both sides, although the Americans in the fort were sheltered from the full force of the explosion by the barrack buildings. Lieutenant Douglass was nearly killed when a large piece of flaming timber crushed the man next to him. The surviving attackers were convinced that the entire fort was mined and they retreated in panic. Drummond's column had been almost wiped out during the attack. When the 104th assembled the next day and roll was called, those who were still standing openly wept at the loss of over half of their men who had attacked.

37: 1279:, p. 219, gives a transcription of the official casualty return in which the unit-by-unit subtotals add up to 178 wounded but the grand total is given as 148 as a consequence of the total for wounded 'rank and file' being misprinted as '117 instead of '147'. Whitehorne, p. 105, increases the number of British 'missing' from 316 to 400 but gives no source for this alteration. Barbuto, p. 279, says, "Drummond reported 719 casualties: 115 killed, 178 wounded and 426 missing". Barbuto's figure for 'missing' appears to be a typographical error because he sources these casualties to Wood, pp. 195-199, which simply gives the official British casualty return in which 316 men are reported as 'missing' 837:

surprise, and they quickly abandoned their guns and fled. Those under Captain John Williams and Lieutenant Patrick McDonogh who stood and fought were quickly killed as Drummond cried out "Give no Quarter to the Damn Yankees!" A group of soldiers from the 19th US Infantry (recruits from Ohio who had arrived late the previous evening under Major William Trimble) reorganized themselves in the parade square and poured fire into the bastion. It is believed that Drummond was killed in this barrage. According to one American soldier, in the thick of the fighting he saw a "Red-coated demon, armed with a

816:, less its light company. He launched his attack as soon as firing was heard from Snake Hill. Surprise was quickly lost when American pickets detected them and fired muskets to alert the defenders. Once the British had moved close enough, the guns of the fort and the Douglass Battery (loaded with canister) and several hundred U.S. Infantry opened fire, causing horrific losses to the British who were jammed into a narrow front between an embankment and the lake. Colonel Scott was mortally wounded by a musket ball in the head early in the attack. His second in command, Major 505:) consisted of an open terreplein, raised 6 feet (1.8 m) above the base of the dry ditch which surrounded the fort, with two redoubts located on the corner. The redoubts were incomplete and offered little protection. The front of the fort was protected by a large earth wall with a forward gun emplacement. The fort was also divided in half by an earth wall and ditch, but this too was incomplete. At least a third of the rear defenses were makeshift wooden walls or earthworks, some of which were only 1 metre (3.3 ft) high. A gun emplacement was located in the centre 2498: 2208: 492:), had suffered high casualties at Lundy's Lane. Drummond nevertheless claimed that the Americans had been forced to retreat in disorder, and he intended to drive them from the Canadian side of the Niagara. His troops followed the Americans slowly and reached the fort on 4 August. Drummond's division numbered 3,000, but Drummond complained about the quality of the troops and the degree to which the units were composed of mixed detachments and companies. His slow advance gave the Americans vitally needed time to reorganise and to reinforce their defences. 820:, was also seriously wounded. At one point in the battle, a cry rose from the British forces of "Stop firing, you're shooting your own men!", and the fighting ceased for almost an entire minute until an American officer, unconvinced by the unfamiliarly accented appeal, shouted back "To Hell with you!" and the firing resumed. Scott's shattered regiment fell back with 360 casualties (although some may later have joined Drummond's attack against the fort). The Americans facing them reported no casualties from Scott's attack. 2728: 2142: 1118:

Fort Erie and go into winter quarters in New York state with the remainder of the army. On 5 November, the Americans set mines and demolished the fort before retiring across the river. This allowed the British to go into winter quarters also, which spared them losses from the winter weather. Izard himself asked for sick leave and tendered his resignation, which was refused. Many officers (including Brown) accused Izard of cowardice, and he was nearly

2878: 972:

3. There was severe fighting amid the British entrenchments but the Americans were unable to capture Battery No. 1 and were driven out of No. 2 and No. 3. Brown ordered his men back to the fort and sent Ripley forward to cover Porter's and Miller's withdrawal. Surgeon Dunlop recorded a horrifying incident during the recapture of Battery No. 2, when Major Pattison led two companies of the 82nd Regiment into the battery:

517: 910: 1063: 3250: 3217: 3239: 3228: 3272: 469: 525:

metres (0.50 mi) to a rise made of sand, known as Snake Hill, where they constructed a gun battery. To protect the north end of the position, the Americans threw up an earth wall connecting the northeast bastion of the fort to the lake. On the shore was another fortified gun emplacement, known as the Douglass Battery from its commander, Lieutenant David Douglass of the

741:. The fort itself was defended by two companies of the 19th U.S. Infantry, and three guns under Captains Williams and Gookin. The wall between the fort and the Douglass Battery (which held one gun) was manned by the 9th U.S. Infantry, a company of volunteers from the New York and Pennsylvania state militias, the dismounted New York Volunteer Dragoons, and another gun. 3261: 2130: 926:

Jacob Brown had only partly recovered from his wounds received at Lundy's Lane, but he nevertheless returned to Fort Erie to replace the pessimistic Ripley in command. It was known that Drummond's force was dwindling and there were strong arguments for simply waiting for Drummond to abandon the unsuccessful siege, but Brown was determined to attack.

1106:, and Chauncey's squadron promptly withdrew into Sackett's Harbor. It was no longer possible for the Americans to move supplies to the Niagara front, except by crude roads which would be unusable during the late autumn and winter. At the same time, the British were able to reinforce and resupply their troops on the Niagara. Izard wrote to the 792: 726: 976:

They poured a volley into the mass of the enemy, who were huddled together into so small a space that they could not return it. Pattison immediately sprung forward, and called out to the American officer in command to surrender, as resistance would only cause loss of life and could do no good. He did

853:

Shortly after the British began firing their captured gun, a large powder magazine in the bastion beneath their feet ignited. The explosion was immense, destroying the entire bastion and most of the attached barracks building. A two-ton cannon was thrown 100 yards (91 m) out of the fort. Between

836:

under Commander Dobbs. The attack on the fort initially made little headway. Using the cover of darkness and the heavy smoke that hung over the field, Drummond then moved his men through the defensive ditch to assault the northeast bastion. The British caught the U.S. artillerymen there completely by

642:

anchored in the Niagara River harassed them with gunfire. At the time, three small craft from the British naval squadron on Lake Ontario were blockaded in the mouth of the Niagara River by three larger American vessels. Commander Alexander Dobbs, in command of the British vessels, and his sailors and

512:

The dry ditch surrounding the fort had a 9 feet (2.7 m) high wooden wall in the centre. This wall was angled outwards and was sharpened to prevent any enemy from leaping into the ditch, which also had sharpened sticks placed up and down the walls to help impale or wound enemy soldiers. The ditch

1148:

Eight line regiments of the British Army, the 6th, 8th (Kings), 41st, 82nd, 89th, 100th, 103rd and 104th (New Brunswick) Regiments of Foot, were awarded the "Niagara" Battle Honour, to commemorate service on the Niagara peninsula during the summer of 1814. The modern descendant units of the 6th, 8th

1117:

At Brown's request, he and his division were transferred to Sackett's Harbor to protect the vital naval base. (The British contemplated making an attack there, but could not transport the necessary troops up the St. Lawrence before winter set in.) Izard, who was short of supplies, decided to abandon

1046:

a few miles west of the Niagara, from where they marched to reinforce Brown. Since Izard was the senior officer, he assumed command of the combined American force. The Americans now numbered 6,300 (including 800 volunteers from the militia) and had a clear advantage in numbers over Drummond, who had

988:

In this two-hour engagement, the Americans suffered 79 killed, 216 wounded and 216 missing. Porter, Miller and Ripley were all wounded. Of the 216 Americans who were marked down as "missing" in the official casualty return, 170 were captured, of whom some were wounded. The remaining 46 may have died

885:

In addition to the heavy casualties from the assault, Lieutenant General Drummond's force suffered severely from sickness and exposure. The British troops lacked tents and their crude huts and shelters made from bark and branches provided little cover. When the autumn rains began, the ground rapidly

716:

The columns moved out after dark, but the garrison at the fort had seen their preparations. Surprise would be nearly impossible to achieve. While Fischer's column made its long march to the south of Snake Hill, Scott's and Drummond's columns waited in the pouring rain in a ravine a few hundred yards

1006:, the British commander-in-chief in North America, Drummond cited the continual heavy rain, illness among his men and lack of camp equipment as his reasons for breaking off the siege. His force was reduced to 2,000 effectives and his camp had the appearance of "a lake in the midst of a thick wood". 992:

The British official casualty return stated 115 killed, 178 wounded and 316 missing. The Americans took 382 prisoners (11 officers and 371 enlisted men), indicating that 66 of the British troops marked down as "killed" in the official casualty report were in fact captured. The thickly wooded nature

971:

By now, Drummond's reserves were hurrying forward. Lieutenant Colonel Campbell was sent with the 82nd Regiment and part of the 6th Regiment to recapture Battery No. 2, while Lieutenant Colonel John Gordon was dispatched with the 1st Battalion of the Royal Scots and the 2/89th to recover Battery No.

651:

and five other boats overland from below Niagara Falls and launched a boarding attack on the American schooners off Fort Erie on the night of 12 August. The crews of the schooners spotted and challenged them, but the British replied "Provision boats", and deceived the Americans long enough to bring

844:

The attackers twice charged through a gap 7 feet (2.1 m) wide between the two barrack buildings into the parade ground, but were unable to break into the barrack buildings and mess hall. The defenders in turn tried to recapture the northeast bastion but were driven back. General Drummond sent

733:

In the fort, General Gaines ordered his men to stand to. This produced rumblings from the troops forced to stand in their positions in heavy rain but would prove invaluable in the coming battle. He also ordered that the charges in all guns were to be drawn and replaced, ensuring the guns would not

684:

the south end of the defenses at Snake Hill. Another column of 700 soldiers under Colonel Hercules Scott would attack the Douglass Battery and the north end of the defenses, and sweep into the U.S. camp, meeting Fischer's column in the middle. Finally, a column of 360 soldiers, sailors and marines

598:

under Major Lodowick Morgan, with some volunteers, were defending the creek to prevent the bridge being repaired. The British casualties were 11 killed, 17 wounded, and 5 missing. The Americans took 6 prisoners, indicating that one of the British soldiers who had been recorded as "killed" had been

1017:

on 12 August, the cannonade from 13 August to the early morning of 15 August, the assault on 15 August or the sortie of 17 September), the American garrison lost 104 killed and 250 wounded. All but 29 of these casualties came from the regular U.S. Army. The number of Americans captured or missing

1001:

Unknown to the Americans, Drummond had already decided on 16 September to lift the siege, and had given orders for his artillery to be moved to Fort George as soon as possible. Shortage of draught animals had delayed his departure. It was not until the night of 21 September that the British force

962:

At noon on 17 September, Porter's force of volunteers from the militia with the 23rd U.S. Infantry, numbering 1,600 in total, moved along the trail, covered by heavy rain. They completely surprised the remnants of De Watteville's regiment, who were covering the end of the British siege works, and

925:

On 29 August a chance British shot severely wounded General Gaines and Brigadier General Ripley resumed command. Ripley's opinion of the entire campaign was far from positive and he had even openly rumoured that the British would bring up further reinforcements and capture the fort. Major General

873:

In total the British suffered 57 killed, 309 wounded and 537 missing (many of whom were killed in the explosion of the fort's magazine). The journal of surgeon William Dunlop described working on the wounded for nearly 3 days without ceasing. The Americans reported capturing 360 prisoners, 174 of

849:

to reinforce the attackers; they lost half their men and very few of them even reached the fort. After fighting swayed back and forth for nearly an hour, some Americans turned around an 18-pounder cannon on the rear redan and began to fire into the bastion less than 50 yards (46 m) away. The

524:

Since capturing the fort, the Americans had made significant improvements to its defenses under Brown's direction and now redoubled their efforts to entrench themselves. Since the fort was too small to hold the entire American force, they extended the earth wall to the south for an additional 800

954:

On 15 September, the British finally completed Battery No. 3 at the western end of their siege lines, which enfiladed most of the American defences. Brown planned to outflank the western end of Drummond's siege lines, capture the batteries and spike the guns in them. Brigadier General Porter was

670:

escaped by cutting their anchor cables before slipping away, but were accidentally fired upon by US artillery on the shore. The British lost 2 killed and 4 wounded in the engagement, while the Americans had 1 killed and 70 captured, of whom 8 were wounded. This victory raised British morale but

803:

Some of the attackers charged the battery five times before retiring. Some units, such as the light company of the 8th, lost two thirds of their strength. De Watteville's regiment had 144 casualties (although many were "missing" and actually hid in the woods before deserting the next morning).

679:

On 13 August, Drummond opened fire on the fort with two light 24-pounder field guns and four 18-pounder or 24-pounder naval guns. Because the bombardment was fired from too long a range, it was ineffective against the fort's walls. Drummond launched a three-pronged attack on the night of 15/16

787:

The column encountered an American picket 300 metres (330 yd) from the defenses. Surprise was nearly achieved but because of the rainy weather, the British troops' advance was betrayed by the loud swishing sound made as they passed through high grass. The picket opened fire, alerting the

1133:

On several occasions, especially after his own failed assault on Fort Erie, General Drummond blamed his troops for lack of spirit or misbehaviour in action, but most historians consider that Drummond himself planned poorly and took insufficient care to maintain his troops' health and morale.

405:

against a British army. During the siege, the British suffered high casualties in a failed storming attempt; they also suffered casualties from sickness and exposure in their rough encampments. Unaware that the British were about to abandon the siege, the American garrison launched a

993:

of the battlefield may have led the compilers of the casualty return to assume that these men were lying dead among the trees and undergrowth. This gives a revised British loss of 49 killed, 178 wounded and 382 captured. Of the 11 officers who were taken prisoner, 2 were wounded.

704:

Colonel Scott and Lieutenant Colonel Drummond were both experienced soldiers and had little confidence in General Drummond's plan. Both men arranged their affairs before heading into battle, sending their papers home to their wives. Drummond gave away his sword (a gift from

780:, and the British commanders suspected their loyalty. On the approach march, the roll was called every hour to prevent desertion. Except for a few steady men, the entire column was ordered to remove their firearms' flints and take the enemy battery on the hill with the 611:, the commander of the "Right Division" on the Niagara Peninsula, had been wounded and captured at Lundy's Lane. His replacement, Major General Henry Conran, recently arrived from England, broke a leg in a fall from a horse and was incapacitated. Colonel Stewart of the 977:

give an order to ground arms, and some of his men were in the act of doing so, when an American soldier raised his rifle and shot Pattison through the heart. In one moment a charge was made by the 82d into the battery, and every soul in it was put to the bayonet…".

587:, under Lieutenant Colonel William Drummond of Kelty, General Drummond's nephew. With some artillerymen, the force numbered 600 men in total. The force was under the overall command of Lieutenant Colonel John Tucker, the senior Lieutenant Colonel of the 41st Foot. 938:'s brigade of volunteers from the New York and Pennsylvania Militia was sent out to attack the British Battery No. 2. The action lasted for close to six hours before being brought to a halt by a "tremendous rain and thunder storm". During the action, Colonel 967:

led detachments from the 9th, 11th and 19th U.S. Infantry along the ravine which had sheltered the British troops before their failed assault on August 15, and attacked the British centre. Attacked from both front and flank, Battery No. 2 was also captured.

500:

The original British fort consisted of two two-story barrack buildings, with fortified cannon bastions connected to them. The barracks were connected by a thick stone curtain with the main gate located in the centre. The rear of the fort (facing away from

1051:) had arrived. Brown wished to make an immediate all-out attack. Izard instead waited until 13 October before he began a cautious advance, by which time the British had recovered much of their health and morale, and had strongly fortified the line of the 959:, who were probably made lethargic by rain, sickness and shortage of rations, failed to report any of this activity. Although the British had constructed a blockhouse to cover the end of the entrenchments, the surrounding woods had not been cut back. 417:

but, with the onset of winter and shortage of supplies, they withdrew. They demolished Fort Erie before leaving the area. The attempted siege ended one of the last British offensives along the northern border, the other being the failed British

1145:(1-2 Inf, 2-2 Inf, 1-3 Inf, 2-3 Inf, 4-3 Inf, 1-5 Inf, 2-5 Inf, 1-6 Inf and 2-6 Inf) perpetuate the lineages of American units (the old 1st, 9th, 11th, 19th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 25th Infantry Regiments) that were present during the siege. 1114:) "At the head of the most efficient army the United States have possessed during this war, much must be expected of me; and yet I can discern no object which can be achieved at this point worthy of the risk which will attend its attempt." 1246:

on 12 August; 10 killed and 35 wounded in the cannonade of 15 August; 17 killed, 56 wounded and 11 missing on 15 August; 79 killed, 216 wounded, 170 captured and 46 missing on 17 September; 104 killed and 250 wounded in the general siege

1129:

When the British returned to the site of Fort Erie, they chose not to rebuild the fort due to lack of funds and merely constructed makeshift quarters until they completely abandoned the fort in 1821 and demolished it from 1823 onwards.

874:

whom were wounded. General Gaines reported that 222 dead British troops were left in and around the fort. This would give a revised British loss of 222 killed, 309 wounded, 360 captured (of whom 174 were wounded) and 12 missing.

685:

led by Lieutenant Colonel William Drummond would attack the fort once the other assaults were under way, with the objective of capturing the old British barrack buildings. A reserve of nearly 700 men (the 1st Battalion of the

804:

Ripley, commanding this section of the American defenses, reported taking 147 prisoners. His men suffered only a dozen casualties. Fischer's column reeled back in confusion and it was decided another attempt was impossible.

1256:

A British battalion of the time consisted of eight "centre" companies, and one grenadier and one light infantry company, referred to as the "flank" companies, into which the most experienced or proficient soldiers were

752:, the 5th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Swift's Regiment of Detached New York Militia, and five guns. Finally, two companies of the 11th and 22nd U.S. Infantry and a detachment of the U.S. Light Dragoons were in reserve. 580: 234: 671:

Drummond mistakenly believed that it depressed American morale to the same extent. Some American deserters reported this, as well as saying that the defenders numbered only 1,500, when there were 2,200 troops.

599:

captured. Tucker complained that the troops panicked and fled, though they subsequently rallied. The Americans lost 2 killed and 8 wounded. Major Morgan was killed a few days later in a clash between outposts.

1142: 1221:

In the four main engagements; other losses unknown. As per the figures given in main text: 10 killed, 17 wounded and 6 captured at Conjocta Creek on 3 August; 2 killed and 4 wounded at

891: 227: 36: 737:

Brigadier General Ripley defended Snake Hill with the 21st and 23rd U.S. Infantry. The Hill was topped with a large gun emplacement containing six guns under the command of Captain

1238:

In the four main engagements; other losses unknown. As per the figures given in the main text: 2 killed and 8 wounded at Conjocta Creek on 3 August; 1 killed and 70 captured at

2174: 513:

was used as a garbage dump and a sewer by the defenders, creating a slippery and smelly swamp at the base that would slow enemy attacks and likely cause disease in any wounds.

576: 220: 717:

north of the fort. An hour before the assault began, the British bombardment of the fort ceased, having inflicted casualties on the garrison of 10 killed and 35 wounded.

865:

for his gallantry in the assault, during which he was wounded five times and subsequently had to have his right arm amputated, but the commission was never awarded.

680:

August, with each arm of the attack aimed at one of the American batteries. The largest column, of 1,300 soldiers led by Lieutenant Colonel Victor Fischer would

3337: 3317: 2727: 394: 1181: 457:, withdrew to Fort Erie. Ripley advocated abandoning the fort and retreating across the Niagara, but Brown overruled him and summoned Brigadier General 1122:

as a result, but because of his military expertise and excellent service record, he was moved to a civil position and was eventually made Governor of

536:

By the close of the siege, the Americans had also built three log blockhouses in the rear of the fort and had strengthened the defences and redoubts.

3312: 2673: 2167: 1266:

The two understrength battalions of the 41st had been amalgamated into a single unit late in 1813, leaving one battalion commander as a supernumary.

895: 259: 955:

entrusted with the main attack. His pioneers cleared a trail through the woods to a point behind the British Battery No. 3. Drummond's troops and

701:

who had not volunteered to take part in Fischer's attack on the Snake Hill battery) was left in the siege lines under Lieutenant Colonel Tucker.

584: 1009:

In the general siege operations from 1 August to 21 September (not including the engagement at Conjocta Creek on 3 August, the capture of the

623:. Colonel Hercules Scott of the 103rd Foot requested permission to relinquish his command of a brigade and revert to command of his regiment. 2511: 1986: 1964: 956: 526: 1584:

Quimby, p. 555, who demonstrates that the original official casualty return was incorrect, reporting 6 too few wounded and 4 too few missing

3307: 761: 1229:

on 12 August; 222 killed, 309 wounded, 360 captured and 12 missing on 15 August; 49 killed, 178 wounded and 382 captured on 17 September.

3302: 3059: 2397: 2160: 1935:

A Full and Correct Account of the Military Occurrences of the Late War Between Great Britain and the United States of America. Volume II

489: 590:

The raid was a failure. On landing on the American side of the Niagara, Tucker found that the bridge over Conjocta Creek (now known as

3322: 3122: 1299:

Graves, Donald E. And All Their Glory Past: Fort Erie, Plattsburgh and the Final Battles in the North, 1814. Robin Brass Studio, 2013.

1173: 841:

and screaming for his own death which we quickly obliged him to. He fell not far from our feet, no less than a musket's length away".

3047: 2407: 2050: 2031: 2012: 1942: 1920: 1901: 1866: 1843: 1824: 1450: 1177: 694: 2113: 607:

Drummond lost several vital subordinates during the next few days, forcing him to take personal charge of the siege. Major General

2502: 729:

American Brigadier General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, commander of Fort Erie until wounded on 29 August, photographed in later life

1180:. Within the modern Canadian army, these units are commemorated and perpetuated, in the case of the Glengarry Fencibles, by the 2658: 2288: 1930: 1154: 1055:. After some indecisive exchanges of artillery fire at the mouth of the river and a minor success against a British outpost at 567:. He hoped to capture or destroy American supplies and provisions. The force consisted of two columns: one made up of the two 446:, they advanced north but the British reinforced their troops in the Niagara peninsula. On 25 July, the bloody but indecisive 3332: 2759: 2754: 1197: 1107: 477: 72: 2802: 817: 760:

Fischer's column consisted of the light companies of the 2/89th Foot and the 100th Foot, the remnants of the 1st Battalion,

269: 3297: 2476: 1035: 813: 2120: 2077: 1876: 710: 3107: 2817: 2524: 2461: 1185: 1166: 887: 3265: 850:

British responded by turning one of the captured cannons around and knocking the American 18-pounder off its carriage.

413:

After the British abandoned the siege, the reinforced American army followed up cautiously and forced a second retreat

3327: 3254: 3221: 3117: 2822: 2197: 2193: 1162: 1150: 264: 2792: 765: 698: 3243: 3232: 575:

under Lieutenant Colonel Evans of the 41st. The other was composed of the light companies of the 2nd Battalion, the

3084: 2898: 2547: 2539: 2481: 2471: 2321: 1038:, where they arrived on 17 September. On 21 September, the American naval squadron on Lake Ontario under Commodore 338: 3276: 3163: 3112: 2985: 2812: 2787: 2749: 2595: 2529: 2433: 2367: 1169:

officially commemorates the 104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot and also carries the "Niagara" Battle Honour.

447: 414: 373: 358: 311: 2993: 2877: 2643: 2557: 749: 690: 595: 550: 363: 1375: 1056: 764:, which had suffered heavy casualties in earlier engagements, and volunteers from Fischer's own regiment, the 301: 1018:

during this period is unknown. The overall British casualty figures for the siege also appear to be unknown.

989:

in the massacre at Battery No. 2, since no Americans in the battery survived to report their comrades' fate.

744:

The long wall between the fort and the Snake Hill, which was not attacked, was defended by Brigadier General

3173: 3158: 3039: 3001: 2969: 2945: 2711: 2668: 2648: 2519: 2466: 2387: 1189: 858: 796: 454: 316: 147: 832:, the flank companies of the 41st Foot and of the 104th Foot, fifty Royal Marines and ninety seamen of the 799:

commanded the American section that fended off the British attack led by Lieutenant Colonel Victor Fischer.

3031: 2961: 2827: 2610: 2562: 2311: 2306: 1096: 1077: 964: 555:

When the British force reached Fort Erie, Drummond's first sent a force on 3 August across the Niagara in

407: 296: 286: 3140: 2953: 2847: 2797: 2777: 2653: 2620: 2382: 2326: 2316: 2283: 2247: 1812: 1048: 1031: 914: 572: 431: 419: 291: 281: 151: 3249: 3216: 3208: 3190: 2977: 2937: 2929: 2842: 2832: 2638: 2590: 2585: 2552: 2377: 2265: 2257: 2229: 981:

Three of Drummond's six siege guns were destroyed in Battery No. 3. The Americans had been unable to

862: 706: 665: 564: 439: 348: 3227: 3102: 3018: 2807: 2663: 2567: 2443: 2331: 943: 903: 594:) had been destroyed. The creek could not be forded, and an American detachment of 240 men of the 453:

Following the battle, the outnumbered American troops, now under the command of Brigadier General

393:, from 4 August to 21 September 1814, was one of the last engagements of the War of 1812, between 3271: 3168: 2852: 2782: 2698: 2683: 2633: 2577: 2392: 935: 777: 745: 616: 443: 353: 343: 321: 306: 2114:

https://web.archive.org/web/20050208082626/http://www.galafilm.com/1812/e/locations/niagara.html

1853:

Cruikshank, Ernest A. (1964). "Drummond's Night Assault on Fort Erie". In Zaslow, Morris (ed.).

2003:

Merry Hearts Make Light Days: The War of 1812 Journal of Lieutenant John Le Couteur, 104th Foot

828:

Lieutenant Colonel William Drummond's column consisted of a small detachment of gunners of the

3202: 2857: 2600: 2372: 2349: 2046: 2027: 2008: 1982: 1960: 1938: 1916: 1897: 1862: 1839: 1820: 1193: 681: 659: 560: 326: 1184:

and, in the case of the Incorporated Militia Battalion, by four Ontario-based regiments: The

2688: 2605: 2359: 2239: 1074: 939: 738: 648: 591: 458: 410:

to destroy the British siege batteries, during which both sides again suffered high losses.

143: 713:

of the 89th. Shortly before moving out, both men wished each other luck and bade farewell.

401:

forces. It took place during the Niagara campaign, and the Americans successfully defended

3198: 3026: 3006: 2890: 1996: 829: 653: 568: 485: 473: 138: 516: 2921: 2881: 2837: 2732: 2628: 2438: 2134: 2001: 1052: 1039: 1003: 946:(a small unit of Canadians fighting against Britain) was shot in the chest and killed. 899: 462: 121: 1149:(Kings), 41st, 82nd and 89th regiments within the British Army are, respectively: The 3291: 3150: 3076: 2706: 2497: 2415: 2212: 2207: 2146: 1890: 1119: 1067: 1043: 918: 838: 644: 608: 435: 402: 398: 126: 62: 963:

captured Battery No. 3. At the same moment, the recently promoted Brigadier General

909: 2912: 2769: 2741: 1111: 1103: 1088: 1084: 1062: 1027: 1855: 1836:

The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier in the Year 1814

2108: 3094: 2678: 2184: 1974: 1952: 1158: 846: 769: 686: 612: 28: 2152: 3132: 2081: 1071: 982: 833: 638:

While the British constructed their siege lines and batteries, three American

468: 2078:"The Documentary History of the campaign upon the Niagara frontier. Part 1-2" 87: 74: 3194: 2275: 2045:. Baltimore, MD: The Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America. 791: 502: 533:(obstacles made of felled trees) were placed in front of the earth walls. 2453: 2298: 2221: 1123: 886:

became inches deep in water. Drummond nevertheless was reinforced by the

639: 556: 2062:

Select British Documents of the Canadian War of 1812. Volume III, Part 1

1095:

On 15 October, the British had launched the first-rate ship of the line

781: 776:, many of them former prisoners of war or deserters from the armies of 66: 725: 773: 530: 2103: 1176:, a unit of the British Army recruited in Upper Canada, and to the 212: 2341: 2024:

The U.S. Army in the War of 1812: An Operational and Command Study

1061: 908: 906:

also joined him to take over the day-to-day conduct of the siege.

790: 724: 620: 515: 506: 467: 1451:"THE WAR OF 1812: European Traces in a British-American Conflict" 1143:

Nine active regular infantry battalions of the United States Army

2425: 2156: 216: 1047:

only 2,500 men even after further British reinforcements (the

877:

The garrison suffered 17 killed, 56 wounded and 11 missing.

1002:

finally withdrew to the Chippawa River. In a letter to Sir

509:(raised platform). The fort contained a total of six guns. 1838:(Reprint (first published 1907) ed.). by Arno Press. 1157:(also the successor regiment to the 82nd Regiment), the 2043:

While Washington Burned: The Battle for Fort Erie, 1814

985:

the guns in Battery No. 2 before they were driven out.

442:

on 3 July 1814. After defeating a British force at the

1892:

Amateurs to Arms:A military history of the War of 1812

2118: 2026:. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. 812:

Colonel Hercules Scott's column consisted of his own

520:

Map of the American position and British siege lines.

484:

The British, under the command of Lieutenant General

450:

was fought, during which Brown was severely wounded.

1172:

The "Niagara" Battle Honour was also awarded to the

3149: 3131: 3093: 3075: 2920: 2911: 2889: 2875: 2768: 2740: 2724: 2697: 2619: 2576: 2538: 2510: 2494: 2452: 2424: 2406: 2358: 2340: 2297: 2274: 2256: 2238: 2220: 2204: 2000: 1889: 1854: 934:On 4 September, a detachment of Brigadier General 2080:. Lundy's Lane Historical Society. Archived from 1178:Battalion of Incorporated Militia of Upper Canada 1798:Hitsman, J. Mackay & Graves, Donald E. p.266 1773: 1771: 1730: 1728: 1596:Hitsman, J. Mackay & Graves, Donald E. p.233 1311:Hitsman, J. Mackay & Graves, Donald E. p.230 894:Regiments of Foot, both of them veterans of the 1275:Wood, pp. 197-8 and James, p. 471. Cruikshank, 845:only two companies of the 1st Battalion of the 21: 2109:http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/allbat.html 1911:Hitsman, J. Mackay; Graves, Donald E. (1999). 2168: 1592: 1590: 1066:Although the Americans successfully defended 1042:ferried the main part of the division to the 228: 8: 1819:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1785: 1783: 1674: 1672: 1631: 1629: 1487: 1485: 1420: 1418: 1307: 1305: 1571: 1569: 1030:'s division had been ordered to march from 921:'s defenders from Brigadier General Ripley. 2917: 2886: 2737: 2507: 2217: 2175: 2161: 2153: 1182:Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders 902:, and maintained the siege. Major General 772:regiment was made up of men from all over 235: 221: 213: 18: 1883:. Toronto: Historical Publishing Company. 1959:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard-Belknap Press. 1623:Journal of John Le Couteur, 4 Sept, 1814 571:and four of the centre companies of the 260:Capture of HMS Caledonia and HMS Detroit 2125: 1292: 1214: 3238: 585:104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot 480:, led British forces during the siege. 41:The British night assault on Fort Erie 2007:. Ottawa: Carleton University Press. 1881:Recollections of the War of 1812-1814 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1376:"Dobbs and the Royal Navy at Niagara" 652:their boats alongside. They captured 7: 3260: 1937:. London: Published for the Author. 1817:Niagara 1814: America Invades Canada 695:Incorporated Militia of Upper Canada 3338:Military history of the Great Lakes 3318:Sieges involving the United Kingdom 1374:Malcomson, Robert (November 2009). 861:of the 104th was recommended for a 490:Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada 478:Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada 1527:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), pp.160-161 1500:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), pp.154-155 1174:Glengarry Light Infantry Fencibles 1026:In early September, Major General 619:to replace him, but fell ill with 430:The Americans under Major General 14: 583:, and the flank companies of the 3270: 3259: 3248: 3237: 3226: 3215: 2876: 2726: 2496: 2206: 2140: 2128: 2104:http://warof1812.ca/forterie.htm 1861:. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. 1165:. Within the Canadian Army, the 748:with detachments of the 1st and 35: 3313:Battles on the Niagara Frontier 1979:Niagara 1814: The last invasion 1915:. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio. 1091:to abandon it in November 1814. 1059:on 19 October, Izard withdrew. 1834:Cruikshank, Ernest A. (1971). 1198:Princess of Wales Own Regiment 545:Raid on Black Rock and Buffalo 1: 2674:Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek 1554:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), p.162 1545:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), p.161 1536:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), p.155 1518:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), p.159 1479:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), p.158 1433:Cruikshank (in Zaslow), p.156 734:misfire through damp powder. 53:August 4 – September 21, 1814 2064:. New York: Greenwood Press. 1186:Lincoln and Welland Regiment 1167:Royal New Brunswick Regiment 1155:Duke of Lancaster's Regiment 768:. De Watteville's nominally 697:and those soldiers from the 16:Siege during the War of 1812 3308:Military history of Ontario 2198:Timeline of the War of 1812 2041:Whitehorne, Joseph (1992). 1896:. New York: Da Capo Press. 1151:Royal Regiment of Fusiliers 1087:prompted the Major General 3354: 3303:Battles of the War of 1812 3188: 2194:Battles of the War of 1812 2022:Quimby, Robert S. (1997). 1913:The Incredible War of 1812 917:later took command of the 603:Preparations for the siege 548: 3323:Sieges of the War of 1812 3186: 2191: 824:William Drummond's attack 250: 170: 157: 132: 115: 45: 34: 26: 1888:Elting, John R. (1995). 1380:The War of 1812 Magazine 750:4th U.S. Rifle Regiments 691:Glengarry Light Infantry 551:Battle of Conjocta Creek 3002:Chesapeake Bay Flotilla 913:American Major General 797:Eleazer Wheelock Ripley 596:1st U.S. Rifle Regiment 527:U.S. Corps of Engineers 472:Lieutenant General Sir 455:Eleazer Wheelock Ripley 148:Eleazer Wheelock Ripley 88:42.893351°N 78.923969°W 2076:Cruikshank, Ernest A. 2060:Wood, William (1968). 1957:1812: War with America 1092: 979: 950:Action of 17 September 922: 823: 807: 800: 766:Regiment de Watteville 755: 730: 711:William "Tiger" Dunlop 699:Regiment de Watteville 521: 481: 448:Battle of Lundy's Lane 420:assault on Plattsburgh 133:Commanders and leaders 3333:September 1814 events 1722:Whitehorne, pp. 186-7 1401:The Naval War of 1812 1065: 974: 930:Action of 4 September 912: 794: 728: 721:American preparations 519: 471: 171:Casualties and losses 93:42.893351; -78.923969 3298:1814 in Upper Canada 3191:American Indian Wars 2240:District of Columbia 2098:Other external links 2070:Cited external links 1777:Whitehorne, pp.146-7 1491:Latimer (2009), p.23 1190:Queen's York Rangers 1163:Royal Irish Regiment 1070:, the launch of the 896:Duke of Wellington's 389:, also known as the 1857:The Defended Border 1813:Barbuto, Richard V. 1745:Documentary History 1711:Documentary History 1689:Documentary History 1646:Documentary History 1468:Documentary History 1362:Documentary History 1331:Documentary History 1277:Documentary History 944:Canadian Volunteers 904:Louis de Watteville 465:to assume command. 176:At least 285 killed 84: / 3328:August 1814 events 2525:Rock Island Rapids 2472:Chesconessex Creek 1734:Cruikshank, p. 225 1700:Le Couteur, p. 202 1161:Regiment, and the 1093: 923: 801: 795:Brigadier General 778:Napoleon Bonaparte 731: 615:was summoned from 522: 482: 444:Battle of Chippawa 440:captured Fort Erie 387:siege of Fort Erie 22:Siege of Fort Erie 3285: 3284: 3182: 3181: 2907: 2906: 2871: 2870: 2823:Queenston Heights 2803:Frenchman's Creek 2760:2nd Lacolle Mills 2755:1st Lacolle Mills 2720: 2719: 2490: 2489: 2183:Conflicts of the 1988:978-1-84603-439-8 1966:978-0-674-02584-4 1194:Brockville Rifles 762:8th (King's) Foot 707:Lloyd's of London 382: 381: 270:Frenchman's Creek 265:Queenston Heights 211: 210: 111: 110: 3345: 3274: 3263: 3262: 3252: 3241: 3240: 3230: 3219: 2918: 2887: 2880: 2738: 2731: 2730: 2530:Prairie du Chien 2508: 2503:U.S. territories 2501: 2500: 2218: 2211: 2210: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2154: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2065: 2056: 2037: 2018: 2006: 1997:Le Couteur, John 1992: 1970: 1948: 1926: 1907: 1895: 1884: 1872: 1860: 1849: 1830: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1787: 1778: 1775: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1723: 1720: 1714: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1692: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1667: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1649: 1642: 1636: 1633: 1624: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1597: 1594: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1564: 1561: 1555: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1519: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1447: 1434: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1413: 1410: 1404: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1371: 1365: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1334: 1327: 1321: 1318: 1312: 1309: 1300: 1297: 1280: 1273: 1267: 1264: 1258: 1254: 1248: 1236: 1230: 1219: 1120:court martialled 1108:Secretary of War 1075:ship of the line 1036:Sackett's Harbor 997:End of the siege 940:Joseph Willcocks 881:American sorties 756:Fischer's attack 739:Nathaniel Towson 592:Scajaquada Creek 459:Edmund P. Gaines 434:had crossed the 339:2nd Fort Niagara 317:1st Fort Niagara 245: 244:Niagara Frontier 237: 230: 223: 214: 144:Edmund P. Gaines 107:American victory 99: 98: 96: 95: 94: 89: 85: 82: 81: 80: 77: 47: 46: 39: 19: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3205: 3199:Napoleonic Wars 3178: 3145: 3127: 3123:Sacket's Harbor 3089: 3071: 2903: 2867: 2818:Malcolm's Mills 2764: 2725: 2716: 2693: 2615: 2596:Mackinac Island 2572: 2534: 2495: 2486: 2448: 2420: 2402: 2398:Sacket's Harbor 2368:Big Sandy Creek 2354: 2336: 2293: 2270: 2252: 2234: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2187: 2181: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2119: 2100: 2087: 2085: 2084:on May 27, 2011 2075: 2072: 2059: 2053: 2040: 2034: 2021: 2015: 1995: 1989: 1973: 1967: 1951: 1945: 1929: 1923: 1910: 1904: 1887: 1877:Dunlop, William 1875: 1869: 1852: 1846: 1833: 1827: 1811: 1808: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1781: 1776: 1769: 1765:Barbuto, p. 279 1764: 1760: 1756:Barbuto, p. 276 1755: 1751: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1465: 1461: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1284: 1283: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1237: 1233: 1220: 1216: 1206: 1140: 1024: 999: 952: 936:Peter B. Porter 932: 883: 871: 830:Royal Artillery 826: 810: 758: 746:Peter B. Porter 723: 677: 675:British assault 636: 605: 569:flank companies 553: 547: 542: 498: 486:Gordon Drummond 474:Gordon Drummond 428: 415:at Cook's Mills 383: 378: 312:Nanticoke Creek 246: 243: 241: 204: 200: 198: 196: 194: 187: 183: 181: 179: 177: 150: 146: 139:Gordon Drummond 92: 90: 86: 83: 78: 75: 73: 71: 70: 69: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3351: 3349: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3290: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3268: 3257: 3246: 3235: 3224: 3212: 3211: 3203:Tecumseh's War 3187: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3164:Charles Island 3161: 3155: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3037: 3029: 3024: 3016: 3004: 2999: 2991: 2983: 2975: 2967: 2959: 2951: 2943: 2935: 2926: 2924: 2922:Atlantic Ocean 2915: 2909: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2893: 2884: 2882:Spanish Empire 2873: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2793:Crysler's Farm 2790: 2785: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2746: 2744: 2735: 2733:British Empire 2722: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2703: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2659:Horseshoe Bend 2656: 2651: 2646: 2644:Callabee Creek 2641: 2636: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2582: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2558:Wild Cat Creek 2555: 2550: 2544: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2516: 2514: 2505: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2482:Farnham Church 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2458: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2408:North Carolina 2404: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2364: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2352: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2307:Havre de Grace 2303: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2232: 2226: 2224: 2215: 2202: 2201: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2182: 2180: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2157: 2150: 2149: 2137: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2057: 2051: 2038: 2032: 2019: 2013: 1993: 1987: 1971: 1965: 1949: 1943: 1931:James, William 1927: 1921: 1908: 1902: 1885: 1873: 1867: 1850: 1844: 1831: 1825: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1791: 1779: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1736: 1724: 1715: 1702: 1693: 1680: 1668: 1659: 1650: 1637: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1598: 1586: 1577: 1565: 1556: 1547: 1538: 1529: 1520: 1511: 1502: 1493: 1481: 1472: 1459: 1435: 1426: 1414: 1405: 1392: 1366: 1353: 1344: 1342:Barbuto, p.239 1335: 1322: 1313: 1301: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1268: 1259: 1249: 1231: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1202: 1139: 1136: 1053:Chippawa Creek 1040:Isaac Chauncey 1023: 1020: 1004:George Prevost 998: 995: 951: 948: 931: 928: 900:Peninsular War 882: 879: 870: 867: 825: 822: 814:103rd Regiment 809: 808:Scott's attack 806: 757: 754: 722: 719: 676: 673: 664:. The crew of 635: 625: 604: 601: 549:Main article: 546: 543: 541: 538: 497: 494: 463:Sackets Harbor 427: 424: 391:Battle of Erie 380: 379: 377: 376: 371: 366: 364:Conjocta Creek 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 335: 334: 330: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 297:Fort Schlosser 294: 289: 284: 278: 277: 273: 272: 267: 262: 256: 255: 251: 248: 247: 242: 240: 239: 232: 225: 217: 209: 208: 191: 173: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 141: 135: 134: 130: 129: 124: 122:United Kingdom 118: 117: 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 65:, present-day 61: 59: 55: 54: 51: 43: 42: 32: 31: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3350: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3258: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3245: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3151:Pacific Ocean 3148: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3077:Caribbean Sea 3074: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3062:United States 3058: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2913:Naval battles 2910: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2848:Elizabethtown 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2729: 2723: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2707:Credit Island 2705: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2669:Tallushatchee 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2467:Craney Island 2465: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2322:Caulk's Field 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2213:United States 2209: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2052:1-877853-18-6 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2033:0-87013-441-8 2029: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2014:0-88629-225-5 2010: 2005: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1944:0-665-35743-5 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1922:1-896941-13-3 1918: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1903:0-306-80653-3 1899: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1868:0-7705-1242-9 1864: 1859: 1858: 1851: 1847: 1845:0-405-02838-5 1841: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1826:0-7006-1052-9 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1792: 1789:Elting, p.264 1786: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1678:Quimby, p.564 1675: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1657:Elting, p.252 1654: 1651: 1648:, pp. 204-205 1647: 1641: 1638: 1635:Elting, p.251 1632: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1614:Elting, p.250 1611: 1608: 1605:Latimer, p.71 1602: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1581: 1578: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1563:Elting, p.249 1560: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1509:Elting, p.248 1506: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1452: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1424:Elting, p.247 1421: 1419: 1415: 1412:Quimby, p.550 1409: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1354: 1351:Elting, p.197 1348: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1323: 1320:Elting, p.246 1317: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1286: 1285: 1278: 1272: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1257:concentrated. 1253: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1215: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1146: 1144: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:97th Regiment 1045: 1044:Genesee River 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1005: 996: 994: 990: 986: 984: 978: 973: 969: 966: 960: 958: 949: 947: 945: 941: 937: 929: 927: 920: 916: 911: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 880: 878: 875: 868: 866: 864: 860: 859:Richard Smith 855: 851: 848: 842: 840: 835: 831: 821: 819: 818:William Smelt 815: 805: 798: 793: 789: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 753: 751: 747: 742: 740: 735: 727: 720: 718: 714: 712: 709:) to Surgeon 708: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 683: 674: 672: 669: 668: 663: 662: 657: 656: 650: 646: 645:Royal Marines 641: 634: 630: 626: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609:Phineas Riall 602: 600: 597: 593: 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 552: 544: 540:Preliminaries 539: 537: 534: 532: 528: 518: 514: 510: 508: 504: 495: 493: 491: 487: 479: 475: 470: 466: 464: 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 436:Niagara River 433: 425: 423: 421: 416: 411: 409: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 375: 372: 370: 369:2nd Fort Erie 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 349:1st Fort Erie 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 332: 331: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 275: 274: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 257: 253: 252: 249: 238: 233: 231: 226: 224: 219: 218: 215: 207: 203: 192: 190: 186: 175: 174: 169: 165: 162: 161: 156: 153: 149: 145: 142: 140: 137: 136: 131: 128: 127:United States 125: 123: 120: 119: 114: 106: 103: 102: 97: 68: 64: 60: 57: 56: 52: 49: 48: 44: 38: 33: 30: 25: 20: 3277:news stories 3255:source texts 3159:James Island 3118:Lake Ontario 3065: 3061: 3053: 3050:Constitution 3049: 3041: 3033: 3020: 3012: 3009:Constitution 3008: 2995: 2987: 2979: 2971: 2963: 2955: 2947: 2939: 2931: 2862: 2828:Stoney Creek 2813:Lundy's Lane 2788:Cook's Mills 2770:Upper Canada 2742:Lower Canada 2548:Mississinewa 2462:Rappahannock 2312:St. Michaels 2088:November 18, 2086:. Retrieved 2082:the original 2061: 2042: 2023: 2002: 1978: 1975:Latimer, Jon 1956: 1953:Latimer, Jon 1934: 1912: 1891: 1880: 1856: 1835: 1816: 1794: 1761: 1752: 1744: 1743:Cruikshank, 1739: 1718: 1710: 1709:Cruikshank, 1705: 1696: 1688: 1687:Cruikshank, 1683: 1666:Dunlop, p.47 1662: 1653: 1645: 1644:Cruikshank, 1640: 1619: 1610: 1601: 1580: 1575:James, p.177 1559: 1550: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1505: 1496: 1475: 1467: 1466:Cruikshank, 1462: 1429: 1408: 1400: 1395: 1383:. Retrieved 1379: 1369: 1361: 1360:Cruikshank, 1356: 1347: 1338: 1330: 1329:Cruikshank, 1325: 1316: 1295: 1276: 1271: 1262: 1252: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1171: 1147: 1141: 1132: 1128: 1116: 1112:James Monroe 1104:Lake Ontario 1098: 1094: 1089:George Izard 1085:Lake Ontario 1079: 1028:George Izard 1025: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1000: 991: 987: 980: 975: 970: 965:James Miller 961: 953: 933: 924: 898:army in the 884: 876: 872: 856: 852: 843: 827: 811: 802: 786: 759: 743: 736: 732: 715: 703: 678: 666: 660: 654: 637: 632: 628: 606: 589: 554: 535: 523: 511: 499: 483: 452: 429: 412: 390: 386: 384: 374:Cook's Mills 368: 359:Lundy's Lane 287:Stoney Creek 205: 201: 197:240 captured 188: 184: 180:748 captured 116:Belligerents 27:Part of the 3141:Lake Borgne 3095:Great Lakes 2778:Beaver Dams 2750:Chateauguay 2689:Sinquefield 2679:Fort Bowyer 2654:Holy Ground 2649:Canoe Fight 2621:Mississippi 2383:Plattsburgh 2327:North Point 2317:Bladensburg 2284:New Orleans 2185:War of 1812 1399:Roosevelt, 1159:Royal Welsh 1099:St Lawrence 1080:St Lawrence 1057:Cook's Mill 1032:Plattsburgh 915:Jacob Brown 847:Royal Scots 687:Royal Scots 627:Capture of 613:Royal Scots 432:Jacob Brown 302:Ball's Farm 292:Beaver Dams 282:Fort George 195:565 wounded 178:508 wounded 152:Jacob Brown 91: / 29:War of 1812 3292:Categories 3222:definition 3189:See also: 3174:Valparaiso 3133:Gulf Coast 3113:Lake Huron 3066:Macedonian 2988:Chesapeake 2853:Port Dover 2639:Burnt Corn 2591:Frenchtown 2586:Brownstown 2553:Tippecanoe 2477:Alexandria 2434:Stephenson 2393:Black Rock 2378:Ogdensburg 2289:St. Philip 2248:Washington 1981:. Osprey. 1806:References 1247:operations 1072:first-rate 1022:Evacuation 863:commission 834:Royal Navy 647:dragged a 581:100th Foot 565:Black Rock 426:Background 344:Port Dover 307:Black Rock 199:57 missing 193:213 killed 182:12 missing 79:78°55′26″W 76:42°53′36″N 3233:textbooks 3195:Creek War 3169:Nuku Hiva 3103:Lake Erie 3085:La Guaira 3054:Guerriere 2996:President 2899:Pensacola 2858:Gananoque 2808:Longwoods 2712:Sink Hole 2664:Talladega 2332:Baltimore 2276:Louisiana 1287:Citations 1209:Footnotes 1097:HMS 1078:HMS 1068:Fort Erie 869:Aftermath 857:Sergeant 667:Porcupine 640:schooners 577:89th Foot 573:41st Foot 503:Lake Erie 403:Fort Erie 63:Fort Erie 3209:Category 3042:Reindeer 2972:Dominica 2948:Epervier 2863:2nd Erie 2843:1st Erie 2783:Chippawa 2699:Missouri 2634:Autossee 2611:Mackinac 2578:Michigan 2563:Harrison 2520:Dearborn 2512:Illinois 2454:Virginia 2416:Ocracoke 2360:New York 2299:Maryland 2222:Delaware 1999:(1994). 1977:(2009). 1955:(2007). 1933:(1818). 1879:(1908). 1815:(2000). 1747:, p. 220 1713:, p. 204 1470:, p. 151 1196:and the 1124:Arkansas 1013:and the 682:outflank 579:and the 559:to raid 557:batteaux 496:Defences 399:American 354:Chippawa 322:Lewiston 158:Strength 58:Location 3064:vs HMS 3052:vs HMS 3034:Peacock 3011:vs HMS 2964:Penguin 2891:Florida 2606:Detroit 2601:Maguaga 2540:Indiana 2388:Niagara 2373:Buffalo 2350:Hampden 2258:Georgia 2135:History 2121:Portals 1691:, p.207 1403:, p.206 1364:, p.133 1333:, p.118 957:Natives 942:of the 782:bayonet 561:Buffalo 395:British 327:Buffalo 67:Ontario 3275: 3264: 3253: 3244:quotes 3242: 3231: 3220: 3201:, and 3108:Oswego 2956:Frolic 2833:Thames 2798:George 2147:Canada 2049: 2030: 2011: 1985: 1963: 1941: 1919: 1900: 1865: 1842: 1823: 1385:9 July 1240:Somers 1223:Somers 1192:, the 1188:, the 1153:, the 1138:Legacy 1015:Somers 774:Europe 693:, the 689:, the 661:Somers 633:Somers 531:Abatis 476:, the 408:sortie 202:Total: 185:Total: 104:Result 3266:media 3027:Fayal 2980:Argus 2940:Cyane 2932:Boxer 2629:Bashi 2568:Wayne 2444:Meigs 2439:Copus 2342:Maine 2266:Peter 2230:Lewes 1454:(PDF) 1204:Notes 983:spike 770:Swiss 507:redan 488:(the 461:from 206:1,075 189:1,551 166:2,800 163:4,800 3060:USS 3048:USS 3040:HMS 3032:HMS 3021:Avon 3019:HMS 3013:Java 3007:USS 2994:USS 2986:USS 2978:USS 2970:HMS 2962:HMS 2954:HMS 2946:HMS 2938:HMS 2930:HMS 2838:York 2684:Mims 2426:Ohio 2090:2008 2047:ISBN 2028:ISBN 2009:ISBN 1983:ISBN 1961:ISBN 1939:ISBN 1917:ISBN 1898:ISBN 1863:ISBN 1840:ISBN 1821:ISBN 1387:2015 1244:Ohio 1242:and 1227:Ohio 1225:and 1011:Ohio 919:Fort 892:82nd 890:and 839:pike 658:and 655:Ohio 631:and 629:Ohio 621:ague 617:York 563:and 438:and 397:and 385:The 333:1814 276:1813 254:1812 50:Date 1102:on 1083:in 1034:to 888:6th 649:gig 3294:: 3197:, 3193:, 1782:^ 1770:^ 1727:^ 1671:^ 1628:^ 1589:^ 1568:^ 1484:^ 1438:^ 1417:^ 1378:. 1304:^ 1200:. 1126:. 784:. 529:. 422:. 2176:e 2169:t 2162:v 2123:: 2092:. 2055:. 2036:. 2017:. 1991:. 1969:. 1947:. 1925:. 1906:. 1871:. 1848:. 1829:. 1456:. 1389:. 1110:( 236:e 229:t 222:v

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index