Siege of Fort St. Jean - Knowledge (XXG)

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running out, and the British showed no sign of giving in despite the American bombardment. Disease also worked to reduce the effectiveness of the Americans; by mid-October, more than 900 men had been sent back to Ticonderoga due to illness. In the early days of the siege, the fort's defenders took advantage of the land they had cleared around the fort to make life as difficult as possible for the besiegers erecting batteries. Major Preston wrote in his journal on September 23 that "a deserter the enemy are erecting their battery and we distress them as much as we can with shells." Until large guns arrived from Ticonderoga, the fort's defenders enjoyed a significant advantage in firepower.

841:, this effort failed on the next day, with Allen and a number of men captured by the British. The alarm raised by Allen's proximity to Montreal resulted in the mustering of about 1,200 men from rural districts outside Montreal. Carleton failed to capitalize on this upwelling of Loyalist support by using them for a relief expedition against the besieging Americans. After several weeks of inaction by Carleton, the rural men drifted away, called by the demands of home and harvest. (Carleton did take advantage of the moment to order the arrest of Thomas Walker, a Montreal merchant who was openly pro-American and had been reporting to the Americans.) 597:. The southern redoubt was roughly 250 by 200 feet (80 by 65 metres), and it contained 6 buildings, including a bake house, the fort's magazine, and storage houses. The northern redoubt was slightly larger, enclosing a two-storey stone house that was used as a barracks. The defenders had cleared brush for several hundred yards around the fort to ensure a clear field of fire. They had put up a wooden palisade to the west of the redoubts, and dug a trench connecting the two redoubts, for ease of communications. The eastern side of the fort faced the river, where there was a shipyard and anchorage for 663: 60: 1002: 950:

man's report, sent out one of his captains to confer with Montgomery. The counteroffer, which Montgomery rejected, owing to the lateness of the season, was to hold a truce for four days, after which the garrison would surrender if no relief came. Montgomery let the captain examine another prisoner from Carleton's expedition, who confirmed what the first one had reported. Montgomery then repeated his demand for an immediate surrender, terms for which were drawn up the next day.

792: 899: 533: 871: 938: 659:, for example, reported that 60 Indians had driven off 1,500 Americans, killing 30 and wounding 40. Following this news, General Carleton issued orders for all of the nearby parishes to call up ten percent of their militia. Officers of the militia reported to Montreal, but many militia men stayed home. By September 7, a troop of about 120 men was raised, which was sent to Fort St. Jean. 886:, was surrendered on October 18 by its commander, Major Joseph Stopford, after two days of bombardment. Most seriously, Stopford failed to destroy supplies that were vitally useful to the Americans, primarily gunpowder, but also winter provisions. Six tons of powder, 6,500 musket cartridges, 125 muskets, 80 barrels of flour and 272 barrels of foodstuff were captured. 741:

the enemy. After just 30 minutes in the swamp, they returned to the landing. Montgomery, who had stayed with the boats, sent the troops out again. This time, the vanguard encountered a few Indians and habitants, and again panicked. Two of the "enemy" were killed, but the troops again made a disorderly retreat to the landing, which their commander, Colonel

734: 610: 647:, while friendly to the American cause, were unlikely to help the Americans unless the prospects for victory looked good. Schuyler held a war council on September 7, in which the command decided to retreat back to Île-aux-Noix. However, on September 8, reinforcements arrived: another 800 men including Connecticut militia under 756:

only one falling ill; the bad weather, and the swampy, malaria-infested terrain of Île-aux-Noix was also taking a toll on the troops, as more of them became ill as well. The bad news was tempered by good; an additional 250 troops, in the form of a company of Green Mountain Boys under Seth Warner, and another company of

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recovering the supplies. During this encounter, Moses Hazen was first captured and questioned by Brown, and then arrested again by the British, and brought into the fort. That night, Hazen and Lorimier, the Indian agent, sneaked out of the fort and went to Montreal, to report the situation to Carleton.

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for protection. The fort's defenders, seeing this, fired their cannon at the breastwork, prompting the Americans to retreat about 1 mi (1.6 km) upriver, where they set up a second breastwork and camped for the night. The Indians, resentful that neither the British forces in the fort nor the

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James Livingston had advanced to Montgomery the idea of taking Fort Chambly, near where his militia was encamped. One of Livingston's captains, Jeremy Duggan, had, on September 13, floated two nine-pound guns past St. Jean, and these guns were put to use to that end. Chambly, which was garrisoned by

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The conditions for the Americans constructing the siege works were difficult. The ground was swampy, and the trenches quickly became filled knee-deep in water. Montgomery described his army as "half-drowned rats crawling through a swamp". To make matters even worse, food and ammunition supplies were

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to a landing point about 1 mi (1.6 km) upriver from Fort St. Jean. Schuyler remained with the boats while Montgomery led some men into the swampy lands above the fort. There they were surprised by about 100 Indians led by Tice and Lorimier. In the ensuing skirmish, the Americans suffered 8

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established a siege around Fort St. Jean. Beset by illness, bad weather, and logistical problems, they established mortar batteries that were able to penetrate into the interior of the fort, but the defenders, who were well-supplied with munitions, but not food and other supplies, persisted in their

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The number of American forces in this action were highly variable, due to the arrival of additional troops, and the departure of the sick and wounded, during the action. Likewise, the exact number of troops involved in the capture of Chambly, which were a subset of the American forces and Canadian

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On October 6, a cannon that was dubbed the "Old Sow" arrived from Ticonderoga. Put in position the next day, it started lobbing shells at the fort. Montgomery then began planning the placement of a second battery. While he first wanted to place one to the northwest of the fort, his staff convinced

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On the night of September 10, Montgomery led 1000 men out again, returning to the first landing site by boat. In the confusion of the darkness and the swamp, some of the troops were separated from the rest. When they encountered one another again, there was panic, as the each mistook the other for

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At this camp, Schuyler was visited by a local man, believed by some historians to be Moses Hazen. Hazen, a Massachusetts-born retired officer who lived near the fort, painted a bleak portrait of the American situation. He said that the fort was defended by the entire 26th regiment and 100 Indians,

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On November 1, Montgomery sent a truce flag, carried by a prisoner captured during Carleton's aborted relief attempt, into the fort. The man delivered a letter, in which Montgomery, pointing out that relief was unlikely to come, offered to negotiate a surrender. Preston, not entirely trusting the

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to recover the goods. Brown's men, who had had time to hide the supplies in the woods, retreated until the sounds of the conflict reached the main body of the army. Montgomery, along with Bedel and his company, rushed to Brown's aid, and succeeded in driving the British back into the fort without

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A third attempt was planned for September 13; bad weather delayed attempts until September 16. However, General Schuyler was by this time so ill that he thought it necessary to withdraw to Ticonderoga. He left that day, turning full command of the invasion over to Montgomery. Schuyler was not the

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Carleton's attempted landing at Longueuil of a force numbering about 1,000 (mostly militia, with some Emigrants and Indian support) was repulsed by the Americans. A few of his boats were landed, but most were driven off by Seth Warner's use of field artillery that had been captured at Chambly.

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Maclean raised a force of about 180 Emigrants, and a number of militia. By the time he reached Sorel on October 14, he had raised, in addition to the Emigrants, about 400 militia men, sometimes using threatening tactics to gain recruits. His and Carleton's hopes were dashed on October 30, when

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Timothy Bedel negotiated a cease-fire with Major Preston so that the prisoners captured at Chambly could be floated up the river past St. Jean. The loss of Chambly had a dispiriting effect at St. Jean; some of the militia wanted to surrender, but Preston would not allow it. Following Chambly's

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Casualties on both sides during the siege were relatively light, but the Continental Army suffered a significant reduction in force due to illness throughout the siege. Furthermore, the long siege meant that the Continental Army had to move on Quebec City with winter setting in, and with many

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In Montreal, Carleton was finally prodded to move. Under constant criticism for failure to act sooner, and mistrustful of his militia forces, he developed a plan of attack. He sent word to Colonel Allan Maclean at Quebec to bring more of his Royal Highland Emigrants and some militia forces to

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Following the news of St. Jean's surrender, Carleton immediately began preparing to leave Montreal. He left Montreal on November 11, two days before American troops entered the city without opposition. Narrowly escaping capture when his fleet was forced to surrender after being threatened by

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and New Yorkers with artillery, joined them. Heartened by this arrival, they decided instead to proceed with a nighttime attempt on the fort. Schuyler, whose illness was getting more severe (he was so ill "as not to be able to hold the pen"), turned command of the army over to Montgomery.

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to circulate a proclamation announcing the Americans' arrival, and their desire to free the Canadians from the bondage of British rule. Allen and Brown traveled through the parishes between St. Jean and Montreal, where they were well-received, and even provided with local guards.

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nearing expiration at year's end. Richard Montgomery was promoted to Major General on December 9, 1775, as a result of his successful capture of Saint Jean and Montreal. He never found out; the news did not reach the American camp outside Quebec before he died in the December 31

717:) to take up arms against the Americans. However, Schuyler had successfully negotiated an agreement in August with most of the Iroquois to remain neutral. Word of this agreement reached the Caughnawaga on September 10; when Carleton and Johnson learned of it, Johnson sent 434:

fell, and on October 30, an attempt at relief by Carleton was thwarted. When word of this made its way to St. Jean's defenders, combined with a new battery opening fire on the fort, the fort's defenders capitulated, surrendering on November 3.

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The fort itself, sited on the west bank of the Richelieu River, consisted of two earthen redoubts about 600 ft (180 m) apart, surrounded by a ditch 7 ft (2.1 m) wide and 8 ft (2.4 m) deep that was lined with

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attempted to dissuade others from joining with Livingston; Livingston's supporters sometimes violently opposed attempts by Loyalists to organize, and Carleton did nothing at the time to assist the Loyalists outside the city.

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capitulation, Montgomery renewed his intention to construct a battery northwest of St. Jean. This time, his staff raised no objections, and by the end of October guns that were emplaced there opened fire on the fort.

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dead and 9 wounded, while the Indians suffered 4 dead and 5 wounded, with Tice among the wounded. The American troops, which were relatively untried militia forces, retreated to the boats, where they erected a

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Maclean attempted to press forward, but his militia forces began to desert him, and the forces under Brown and Livingston were growing in number. He retreated back to Sorel, and made his way back to Quebec.

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in the Richelieu River on September 4, 1775. On September 6, the Americans began making forays toward Fort St. Jean, only 10 mi (16 km) away. The army was initially composed of militia forces from

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to St. Jean. Carleton himself went to Montreal on May 26 to oversee arrangements for the defense of the province, which he decided to concentrate on St. Jean, as it was the most likely invasion route.

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As with the American troop strengths, determining the exact number of casualties is difficult, in part because different sources may count casualties attached to a particular action differently.

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Siege of Fort St. Jean is mentioned in a Fort Saint-Jean plaque erected in 1926 by Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada at the Royal Military College Saint-Jean. "Constructed in 1743 by

858:. This battery, whose construction was complicated by an armed row galley sent from the fort to oppose the works, was completed on October 13, and opened fire the next day. One day after that, 559:

By the time the Americans arrived at Île-aux-Noix, Fort St. Jean was defended by about 750 men under the command of Major Charles Preston. The majority of these were regular troops from the

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On September 17, Montgomery's army disembarked from their makeshift fleet just south of St. Jean, and sent out John Brown with a detachment to block the road going north from the fort to

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The fall of Fort St. Jean opened the way for the American army to march on Montreal, which fell without battle on November 13. General Carleton escaped from Montreal, and made his way to

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Allen, who was already renowned for his bravado in the action at Fort Ticonderoga, decided, when he reached Longueuil on September 24, to attempt the capture of Montreal. In the

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Preston's troops marched out of the fort and surrendered their weapons on November 3, with the regulars in full dress uniform. He surrendered 536 officers and soldiers, 79

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Montgomery began entrenching his troops around the fort on September 18, and constructing a mortar battery south of the fort. He ordered Brown to establish a position at

2073: 934:. This news, combined with the new battery trained on the fort, news of the failed relief expedition, and dwindling supplies, made the situation in the fort quite grim. 783:

Brown and his men made their first interdiction that day, capturing a wagon-train of supplies destined for the fort. Preston, seeing that this had happened, sent out a

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Allen also visited the village of the Caughnawaga, from whom he received assurances of their neutrality. The Caughnawaga had been the subject of a propaganda war, with

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Fort St. Jean had been under preparations for an attack from the south ever since Arnold's raid on Fort St. Jean on May 18, in which he captured its small garrison and

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Reports of this first contact between opposing forces outside St. Jean were often wildly exaggerated, with many local reports claiming it as some kind of victory. The

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lay in ruins before the fort. Its commander had, in anticipation of her destruction, ordered her to be anchored where her supplies and armaments might be recovered.

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In late October, the American troop strength surged again with the arrival of 500 men from New York and Connecticut, including Brigadier General

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were immediately dispatched to hold the fort. Another 50 Canadian militia were raised in Montreal on May 19, and were also sent to the fort.

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was approaching. This started a disorganized retreat up the river back to Île-aux-Noix, in which the command staff was nearly left behind.

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in May 1775, Quebec was garrisoned by about 600 regular troops, some of which were widely distributed throughout Quebec's large territory.

2058: 914:, from where they would move up the Richelieu toward St. Jean, while Carleton would lead a force across the Saint Lawrence at Longueuil. 100: 822: 1026: 903: 549: 427: 193: 998:, which still occupies part of the site. The site now includes a museum devoted to the 350-year military history of Fort Saint-Jean. 2078: 2008: 995: 986:

In 1776, the British reoccupied the fort following the Continental Army's abandonment of it during its retreat to Fort Ticonderoga.

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The British (and then Canadian) military occupied the Fort Saint-Jean site until 1995, using it since 1952 as the campus of the

829:, another aging fort at the base of some rapids in the Richelieu River, and was urging his compatriots to join him there. Some 513:, who took over complete command from Schuyler on September 16, when Schuyler became too ill to continue leading the invasion. 1982: 2027: 830: 454: 403: 733: 567:

Regiments of Foot and the Royal Artillery. There were 90 locally raised militia, and 20 members of Colonel Allen Maclean's

2053: 1022: 662: 473: 302: 344: 2068: 631: 407: 51: 757: 489: 283: 1057:, p. 55 estimates that there 200–500 troops besieging Chambly. While the initial invasion force was about 1500 ( 690: 477: 450: 384: 380: 349: 90: 1310:

all make this claim. Stanley cites Smith, p. 612, as providing a reliable conclusion that the man was Hazen.

980: 838: 584: 322: 312: 59: 32: 1001: 334: 28: 525:'s only large military ship. When news of that raid reached Montreal, 140 men under the command of Major 572: 564: 24: 536:

Map of the redoubts erected at Saint-Jean in the summer of 1775. Library and Archives Canada, NMC-2771

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Continental Army gains control over Quebec territory between Lake Champlain, Montreal and Quebec City

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him instead to place on the eastern shore of the Richelieu, where it would command the shipyard and

911: 682: 2036: 1021:. In August 31, 1760, Commandant de Roquemaure had it blown up in accordance with orders from the 1065:, p. 60, lists the British estimates of the American force at 2000 prior to St. Jean's surrender. 1034: 806: 510: 506: 376: 180: 791: 1968: 1949: 1926: 1905: 1884: 1867: 1848: 1831: 1810: 818: 742: 553: 898: 748:

While the command staff met to discuss the next move, word came in that the British warship

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of the 26th Regiment, it succumbed to a 45 day siege by the American troops commanded by

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p. 92 lists the surrender count at St. Jean, to which the Chambly garrison size is added

870: 1824: 1018: 589:, under the command of Lieutenant William Hunter, with other boats under construction. 522: 462: 400: 1807:

The Battle for the Fourteenth Colony: America's War of Liberation in Canada, 1774–1776

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in an attempt to change the minds of the Caughnawaga; their entreaties were refused.

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batteries at Sorel, he made his way to Quebec to prepare that city's defenses.

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of the raid, Carleton immediately dispatched additional troops from there and

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Canadian Military Atlas: Four Centuries of Conflict from New France to Kosovo

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to Montreal. Ethan Allen went with a small company of Americans to collect

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in order to prevent its falling into the hands of the English. Rebuilt by

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and Gilbert Tice. The Richelieu River was patrolled by an armed schooner,

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from a nearby village) patrolled outside the fort under the direction of

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On September 6, Generals Schuyler and Montgomery led a force of men in

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that it was well-stocked and ready for a siege. He also said that the

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had come to their support in the engagement, returned to their homes.

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A 1790 watercolor showing Fort Saint-Jean in the background, and HMS

784: 94: 609: 251: 1077:, pp. 33–34 lists 662 regulars and militia, and about 100 Indians. 1000: 936: 897: 869: 790: 732: 661: 608: 411: 957:, and eight English volunteers. The Americans were able to raise 19:"Battle of Fort St. Johns" redirects here. For the 1705 siege of 681:(acting as a volunteer since he had been deposed as head of the 255: 1118:, p. 112 cites 900 sick removed to Ticonderoga by mid-October. 817:

that Livingston had been recruiting, and take them to monitor

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began when about 1500 men, then under the command of General

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defence, believing the siege would be broken by forces from

509:, with most of its operation directed by Brigadier General 1017:. This post was for all the military expeditions towards 1826:

Attack on Quebec, the American Invasion of Canada, 1775

544:, the messenger bearing news of Arnold's raid, reached 442:

to prepare its defences against an anticipated attack.

809:, one of the sites where there was a crossing of the 1110:, p. 62, estimate American casualties at 100, while 2094:

Battles of the American Revolutionary War in Canada

417:After several false starts in early September, the 2020:Parks Canada – Fort Chambly National Historic Site 1941: 1918: 1823: 1061:, p. 37), any other firm counts are unreliable. 44: 414:lasted from September 17 to November 3, 1775. 375:) was conducted by American Brigadier General 1901:Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony, vol 1 1626: 1624: 1536: 1534: 1417: 1415: 267: 8: 1881:Quebec 1775, The American Invasion of Canada 1864:Canada and the American Revolution 1774–1783 1677: 1675: 1551: 1549: 1378: 1376: 1279: 1277: 1264: 1262: 1189: 1187: 1053:militia, are difficult to count accurately. 1126: 1124: 2064:1775 in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791) 548:and notified British Governor and General 274: 260: 252: 41: 31:. For the 1709 capture of St. John's, see 1963:Zuehlke, Mark; Daniel, C. Stuart (2006). 1521: 1519: 1517: 1444: 1442: 2074:Sieges of the American Revolutionary War 1985:. Fort Saint-Jean Museum. Archived from 1847:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. 531: 1045: 706:, eventually gathering nearly 300 men. 16:Part of the American Revolutionary War 2009:Musée Fort St-Jean virtual exhibition 7: 1005:Historic plaque Fort-Saint-Jean 1926 575:. A detachment of Indians (probably 1809:. University Press of New England. 1114:, p. 458, says there were only 20. 64:Detail from a 1777 map showing the 14: 780:attacking the army as it landed. 745:, was apparently unable to stop. 367:(September 17 – November 3, 1775 2089:Battles of the Canadian campaign 2015:Town of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 1944:Battles of the Revolutionary War 1904:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1845:Major General Richard Montgomery 58: 571:, men who were veterans of the 80:September 17 – November 3, 1775 2084:Battles involving the Iroquois 2037:RMC History of Fort Saint Jean 2025:Fort Chambly at Historic Lakes 1303: 677:On September 8, Schuyler sent 517:British defensive preparations 1: 1717: 1705: 1693: 1654: 1433: 1394: 1355: 1307: 1229: 1111: 882:only 82 men, mostly from the 484:Continental Army preparations 1983:"Musée Fort St-Jean website" 1866:. Harvard University Press. 1777: 1753: 1729: 1681: 1666: 1642: 1630: 1615: 1603: 1591: 1579: 1567: 1555: 1540: 1508: 1496: 1484: 1421: 1406: 1382: 1367: 1343: 1319: 1299: 1295: 1283: 1268: 1253: 1241: 1217: 1205: 1193: 1166: 1154: 1142: 1130: 1115: 1107: 1103: 1090: 1074: 1062: 1058: 1054: 496:, arrived at the undefended 430:. On October 18, the nearby 2011:(most Flash, and in French) 1879:Morrissey, Brendan (2003). 1830:. Oxford University Press. 1789: 961:and return her to service. 764:, arrived at Île-aux-Noix. 2110: 1967:. Douglas & McIntyre. 408:American Revolutionary War 52:American Revolutionary War 18: 1862:Lanctot, Gustave (1967). 1843:Gabriel, Michael (2002). 1765: 1741: 1525: 1472: 1460: 1448: 1331: 1178: 1078: 1015:Governor la Galissonnière 673:Propaganda and recruiting 474:captured Fort Ticonderoga 453:guarded the entry to the 293: 237:20–100 killed and wounded 231: 205: 174: 153: 72: 57: 49: 2079:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 1921:Canada Invaded 1775–1776 1917:Stanley, George (1973). 1898:Smith, Justin H (1907). 1081:, p. 37 lists 725 total. 569:Royal Highland Emigrants 373:Siège du Fort Saint-Jean 91:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 1822:Bird, Harrison (1968). 1805:Anderson, Mark (2013). 839:Battle of Longue-Pointe 461:at the northern end of 1006: 996:Royal Military College 946: 906: 894:Carleton tries to help 878: 802: 737: 669: 617: 537: 372: 365:siege of Fort St. Jean 175:Commanders and leaders 45:Siege of Fort St. Jean 2059:History of Montérégie 1883:. Osprey Publishing. 1023:Governor de Vaudreuil 1004: 940: 901: 873: 794: 736: 665: 621:Skirmish with Indians 612: 573:French and Indian War 535: 232:Casualties and losses 116:45.29889°N 73.25167°W 1940:Wood, W. J. (1990). 811:Saint Lawrence River 715:Iroquois Confederacy 33:Battle of St. John's 2054:Conflicts in Canada 849:Large cannon arrive 798:and his captors in 683:Green Mountain Boys 318:Arnold's expedition 121:45.29889; -73.25167 112: / 29:Siege of St. John's 2030:2007-03-11 at the 1790:Musée Fort St-Jean 1035:General Montgomery 1013:under orders from 1007: 947: 907: 879: 866:Fort Chambly taken 803: 760:men under Colonel 738: 670: 618: 581:Claude de Lorimier 538: 511:Richard Montgomery 490:invasion of Quebec 455:province of Quebec 404:province of Quebec 377:Richard Montgomery 246:about 700 captured 181:Richard Montgomery 2069:Conflicts in 1775 1989:on April 27, 2008 1974:978-1-55365-209-0 1955:978-0-306-81329-0 1948:. Da Capo Press. 1932:978-0-88866-578-2 1890:978-1-84176-681-2 1854:978-0-8386-3931-3 1027:Governor Carleton 945:in the foreground 743:Rudolphus Ritzema 358: 357: 285:Canadian campaign 250: 249: 239:at least 900 sick 225: 219: 214: 211:1,500–over 2,000 149: 148: 2101: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1978: 1959: 1947: 1936: 1924: 1913: 1894: 1875: 1858: 1839: 1829: 1818: 1792: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1679: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1544: 1538: 1529: 1523: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1437: 1431: 1425: 1419: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1311: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1272: 1266: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1182: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1119: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1072: 1066: 1050: 981:Battle of Quebec 696:James Livingston 595:chevaux de frise 419:Continental Army 379:on the town and 288: 286: 276: 269: 262: 253: 227:82(Fort Chambly) 223: 217: 212: 189:James Livingston 135:Colonial victory 127: 126: 124: 123: 122: 117: 113: 110: 109: 108: 105: 74: 73: 62: 42: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2044: 2043: 2032:Wayback Machine 2005: 2000: 1992: 1990: 1981: 1975: 1962: 1956: 1939: 1933: 1916: 1897: 1891: 1878: 1861: 1855: 1842: 1821: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1788: 1784: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1740: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1704: 1700: 1692: 1688: 1680: 1673: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1622: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1574: 1566: 1562: 1554: 1547: 1539: 1532: 1524: 1515: 1507: 1503: 1495: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1455: 1447: 1440: 1432: 1428: 1420: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1374: 1366: 1362: 1354: 1350: 1342: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1314: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1275: 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55: 54: 47: 46: 40: 39: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2106: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1827: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1744:, pp. 142–144 1743: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1720:, pp. 460–465 1719: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1657:, pp. 450–451 1656: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1582:, pp. 120–121 1581: 1576: 1573: 1570:, pp. 118–119 1569: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1409:, pp. 100–101 1408: 1403: 1400: 1397:, pp. 357–359 1396: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1106:, p. 51, and 1105: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1049: 1046: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1003: 999: 997: 989: 987: 984: 982: 977: 971: 964: 962: 960: 956: 951: 944: 939: 935: 933: 932:David Wooster 925: 923: 919: 915: 913: 905: 900: 893: 891: 887: 885: 877: 874:The walls of 872: 865: 863: 861: 857: 848: 846: 842: 840: 835: 832: 828: 824: 823:Point-Olivier 820: 816: 812: 808: 801: 797: 793: 789: 786: 781: 779: 775: 767: 765: 763: 762:Timothy Bedel 759: 758:New Hampshire 753: 751: 746: 744: 735: 728: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 692: 688: 684: 680: 672: 668: 664: 660: 658: 653: 650: 649:David Wooster 646: 640: 638: 633: 628: 620: 616: 611: 604: 602: 600: 596: 590: 588: 587: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 534: 530: 528: 524: 516: 514: 512: 508: 504: 499: 495: 491: 483: 481: 479: 478:Fort St. Jean 475: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 445: 443: 441: 436: 433: 429: 425: 420: 415: 413: 409: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 332: 328: 327: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 313:Longue-Pointe 311: 309: 308:Fort St. Jean 306: 304: 301: 300: 296: 295: 292: 287: 277: 272: 270: 265: 263: 258: 257: 254: 241: 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Retrieved 1987:the original 1964: 1943: 1920: 1900: 1880: 1863: 1844: 1825: 1806: 1785: 1773: 1761: 1749: 1737: 1725: 1713: 1701: 1689: 1662: 1650: 1638: 1611: 1599: 1587: 1575: 1563: 1504: 1492: 1480: 1468: 1456: 1429: 1402: 1390: 1363: 1351: 1339: 1327: 1315: 1291: 1249: 1237: 1225: 1220:, pp. 50, 53 1213: 1201: 1174: 1162: 1150: 1138: 1098: 1086: 1070: 1048: 1008: 993: 985: 972: 968: 959:Royal Savage 958: 952: 948: 943:Royal Savage 942: 929: 920: 916: 908: 904:Guy Carleton 888: 880: 876:Fort Chambly 860:Royal Savage 859: 856:Royal Savage 855: 852: 843: 836: 827:Fort Chambly 804: 782: 778:Royal Savage 777: 771: 768:Siege begins 754: 750:Royal Savage 749: 747: 739: 723:Joseph Brant 719:Daniel Claus 708: 676: 667:Joseph Brant 656: 654: 641: 624: 599:Royal Savage 598: 591: 586:Royal Savage 585: 558: 550:Guy Carleton 539: 520: 498:Île-aux-Noix 487: 449: 437: 432:Fort Chambly 428:Guy Carleton 416: 396: 392: 388: 364: 362: 335:Saint-Pierre 307: 194:Guy Carleton 154:Belligerents 89:Present-day 50:Part of the 37: 25:Newfoundland 1925:. Hakkert. 1669:, pp. 58–59 1618:, pp. 56–57 1511:, pp. 48–49 1499:, pp. 77–78 1463:, pp. 94–95 1244:, pp. 35–36 1169:, pp. 37–39 976:enlistments 796:Ethan Allen 711:Guy Johnson 687:Seth Warner 679:Ethan Allen 577:Caughnawaga 546:Quebec City 542:Moses Hazen 507:Connecticut 476:and raided 471:Ethan Allen 440:Quebec City 406:during the 350:Valcour Bay 303:Ticonderoga 140:Territorial 119: / 2048:Categories 1993:2009-02-13 1798:References 1011:M. de Léry 807:La Prairie 698:, a local 691:John Brown 632:breastwork 446:Background 397:St. John's 385:Saint-Jean 340:The Cedars 244:23 wounded 107:73°15′06″W 104:45°17′56″N 21:St. John's 1815:840463253 1304:Morrissey 965:Aftermath 926:Surrender 831:Loyalists 819:Longueuil 815:Canadiens 645:habitants 637:habitants 399:, in the 393:St. Johns 222:about 750 2028:Archived 1872:70781264 1780:, p. 132 1768:, p. 220 1708:, p. 460 1696:, p. 459 1633:, p. 123 1606:, p. 121 1543:, p. 112 1436:, p. 335 1424:, p. 101 1358:, p. 330 1346:, p. 100 1256:, p. 106 1232:, p. 342 955:Canadien 902:General 884:7th Foot 825:, below 800:Montreal 774:Montreal 613:General 503:New York 424:Montreal 389:St. John 206:Strength 169:Iroquois 85:Location 1778:Stanley 1756:, p. 65 1754:Stanley 1732:, p. 91 1730:Lanctot 1684:, p. 60 1682:Stanley 1667:Stanley 1645:, p. 58 1643:Stanley 1631:Gabriel 1616:Stanley 1604:Gabriel 1594:, p. 55 1592:Stanley 1580:Gabriel 1568:Gabriel 1558:, p. 51 1556:Stanley 1541:Gabriel 1528:, p. 39 1509:Stanley 1497:Lanctot 1487:, p. 42 1485:Stanley 1475:, p. 96 1451:, p. 93 1422:Gabriel 1407:Gabriel 1385:, p. 65 1383:Lanctot 1370:, p. 64 1368:Lanctot 1344:Gabriel 1334:, p. 89 1322:, p. 99 1320:Gabriel 1300:Stanley 1296:Gabriel 1286:, p. 39 1284:Stanley 1271:, p. 98 1269:Gabriel 1254:Gabriel 1242:Stanley 1218:Lanctot 1208:, p. 44 1206:Lanctot 1196:, p. 41 1194:Stanley 1181:, p. 56 1167:Stanley 1157:, p. 29 1155:Stanley 1143:Lanctot 1133:, p. 62 1131:Stanley 1116:Gabriel 1108:Stanley 1104:Zuehlke 1093:, p. 54 1091:Stanley 1075:Stanley 1063:Stanley 1059:Stanley 1055:Stanley 1041:Sources 704:Chambly 627:bateaux 465:. When 457:on the 401:British 242:20 dead 142:changes 1971: 1952: 1929: 1910:259236 1908: 1887: 1870: 1851: 1836:440055 1834: 1813: 1306:, and 990:Legacy 785:sortie 689:) and 410:. The 369:French 323:Quebec 132:Result 95:Quebec 68:valley 27:, see 1718:Smith 1706:Smith 1694:Smith 1655:Smith 1434:Smith 1395:Smith 1356:Smith 1308:Smith 1230:Smith 1112:Smith 912:Sorel 540:When 412:siege 395:, or 1969:ISBN 1950:ISBN 1927:ISBN 1906:OCLC 1885:ISBN 1868:OCLC 1849:ISBN 1832:OCLC 1811:OCLC 1766:Bird 1742:Bird 1526:Wood 1473:Bird 1461:Bird 1449:Bird 1332:Bird 1179:Bird 1079:Wood 721:and 565:26th 563:and 505:and 488:The 469:and 381:fort 363:The 329:1776 297:1775 216:350 77:Date 1037:." 685:by 561:7th 383:of 2050:: 1674:^ 1623:^ 1548:^ 1533:^ 1516:^ 1441:^ 1414:^ 1375:^ 1302:, 1298:, 1276:^ 1261:^ 1186:^ 1123:^ 983:. 601:. 391:, 371:: 93:, 23:, 1996:. 1977:. 1958:. 1935:. 1912:. 1893:. 1874:. 1857:. 1838:. 1817:. 275:e 268:t 261:v 35:.

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Index