225:
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174:
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232:
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through an envoy asked for his presence in his court. While, Khusrau Malik was reluctant to leave as the populace of Lahore advised him against it, nonetheless, fearing a possible Ghurid invasion, he along with his son went to the court of
Ghiyath al-Din. However, they were never brought to Ghiyath
659:
According to the manoeuvre, Muhammad released
Khusrau Malik's hostage son Malik Shah to visit his father and sent him along with some of the Ghurid officers. Muhammad, further according to Ferishta instructed his officers to "make him drink as much liquor as possible in the way to Lahore".
418:. Alauddin followed up his victory by sacking the city of Ghazni, in the course of which he ordered a general massacre of all the civilians, burnt the city down, destroyed all the monuments built by the ancestors of Baharam Shah. The carnage continued for seven days, when Alauddin returned to
376:. Notwithstanding, the Ghaznavids and Seljuks continue to control large parts of Khurasan during the early 12th century. However, in the later part of the twelfth century, when influence of both the Ghaznavids and Seljuks began to wane, another
331:
and extracted some ransom from
Khusrau Malik, along with capturing some of his territories before the third successive invasion in which Khusrau Malik surrendered after a short siege and was assured of safety to present himself to
1266:"The first battle of Tarain was won by the Rajput confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan of Ajmer. But when Muhammad of Ghur returned the following year with 10,000 archers on horseback he vanquished Prithviraj and his army
604:
up to the sea coast by 1182. He did not attack Lahore for three years, before marching again in 1185. During this raid, Muhammad sacked Lahore and the neighbouring rural areas, followed by the annexation of
1482:
1467:
245:
422:. Despite the success, Alauddin probably could not annex Ghazni in long term due to hostility of the populace. In any case, the Ghaznavids soon under either
717:
was allowed to survive". Thus, the
Ghaznavid dynasty got eradicated, ending their preceding rule of two centuries and the long-standing rivalry with the
1502:
588:
who replused a
Ghaznavid invasion during his reign. Khusrau Malik, thus dispatched an envoy for peacemaking and sent his son Malik Shah along with a
224:
1497:
1401:
1380:
1345:
1321:
1259:
909:
890:
804:
considered the account of Minhaj as more accurate and placed the Ghuzz invasion of Ghazni during
Khusrau Shah reign when the Ghuzz's raided
469:
301:
41:
1477:
70:
262:
540:. While, this account of Ibn al-Athir is not corroborated by any other contemporary annals, although Muhammad certainly raided
402:
by regaining Ghazni. Sayf al-Din was later torturously executed along with other prominent member of the
Ghurids. His brother
1472:
1447:
457:
after a prolong struggle and annexed Ghazni along with most of the eastern
Afghanistan to the Ghurid domains in 1173.
687:
A slightly different account of Ibn al-Athir claimed that, Khusrau Malik after surrendering Lahore was allowed to live in
676:. However, Muhammad persuading him under the protection of a treaty deceitfully imprisoned him and his son in the fort of
1331:
453:
in the later twelfth century. Prince
Muhammad (then Shahabuddin) raided several times before finally defeating the
560:, Muhammad marched towards Lahore and besieged the Ghaznavid capital in 1180. The Ghaznavid ruler at the time was
327:
Muhammad of Ghor made two brief incursions into the
Ghaznavid domains earlier in the course of which he plundered
1487:
1439:
Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11Th-13th Centuries
780:
There is a slight contradiction among the contemporaneous chroniclers regarding the Ghuzz's conquest of Ghazni.
707:
and his son spent several years in confinement before being executed in 1192 or thereabouts. According to the
581:
609:. Muhammad established his military stronghold in Sialkot and fortified the city before returning to Ghazni.
749:
692:
681:
411:
399:
337:
789:
745:
641:
24:
752:
and subsequently executed Prithviraj. Muhammad and his slaves by turn of the century overran most of the
1492:
1313:
The Later Ghaznavids ; Splendour and Decay: The Dynasty in Afghanistan and Northern India 1040-1186
446:
391:
488:. While the Ghaznavid domain was considerably truncated, though they were still controlling parts of
369:
753:
509:
473:
1361:
Politics and Society During the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib
1245:
741:
625:
198:
1443:
1421:
1397:
1376:
1341:
1317:
1255:
1089:
672:. Khusrao Malik was forced to surrender Lahore after a short siege and present himself to the
403:
20:
656:
collaboratively stated that Lahore was captured by Muhammad in final attempt by a manoeuvre.
709:
450:
395:
357:
333:
309:
194:
173:
118:
1414:(1970). "Foundation of the Delhi Sultanat". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.).
1420:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
624:
laid siege to the Ghurid stronghold in Sialkot. However, the well equipped garrison under
384:
186:
178:
1355:
1307:
801:
797:
501:
481:
1461:
1241:
785:
704:
649:
585:
561:
537:
427:
373:
321:
168:
1411:
813:
793:
781:
645:
521:
423:
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and the pillage of his capital, lead Khusrau Malik to retaliate, who aided by the
1437:
1415:
1391:
1370:
1359:
1335:
1311:
1249:
1083:
732: by 1190. Muhammad with the possession of Punjab, made another inroad into
660:
Meanwhile, Muhammad through a different direction then Malik Shah, advanced from
733:
573:
565:
485:
454:
435:
390:
The rivalry between the Ghaznavids and the Ghurids reached the crux, when
1433:
724:
After the fall of the Ghaznavids, Muhammad now held his sway over most of the
677:
669:
557:
461:
353:
317:
151:
130:
85:
72:
1425:
664:
with an army of 20,000 troopers and besieged Khusrau Malik who according to
529:
505:
344:
where they both were executed in 1191, extinguishing the Ghaznavid lineage.
1093:
809:
665:
653:
621:
589:
569:
553:
493:
419:
365:
341:
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forced him to turn back after an abortive attempt to recapture Sialkot.
460:
Muhammad was crowned at Ghazni in 1173. Soon after, he marched from the
673:
617:
606:
525:
380:
305:
156:
360:
who vastly expanded his empire began to lose their western domains in
336:. However, both Khusrau Malik and his son were imprisoned and sent to
1417:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)
761:
757:
737:
729:
718:
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661:
637:
613:
541:
533:
489:
477:
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407:
377:
361:
328:
313:
126:
122:
105:
64:
725:
688:
601:
577:
497:
465:
445:
Meanwhile, the Ghurids were on a historic rise under the reign of
387:
of the Ghaznavids and Seljuks) were emerging in their influence.
805:
800:
considered the account of Ibn-al Athir as more credible. While,
1170:
1168:
580:". Ferishta reference to the Rai of Delhi is probably to the
536:
after their conquest of Ghazni in 1173 but were dissuaded by
1065:
1063:
668:
rose from his "careless sleep", when Muhammad captured the
500:
which were of strategic importance in the pathway to
1224:
1222:
1035:
1033:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1105:
1103:
1050:
1048:
636:
All three contemporaneous account of the subjugation of
600:
Meanwhile, Muhammad captured the whole area adjacent of
592:
as a token of submission and allegiance to the Ghurids.
512:, began his expeditions against the Ghaznavids in 1180.
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1008:
1006:
993:
991:
572:
stated that, "His throne was tottering from attacks of
1185:
1183:
398:
after avenging his earlier defeat against him in the
792:placed these events during the reign of his father
438:. Hence, they were forced to move their capital to
748:, although he defeated them a year later in the
564:whose ancestral capital was already lost to the
889:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavid_Thomas2018 (
504:. Therefore, Muhammad, whose direct route from
34:
784:stated that it took place during the reign of
520:According to the 12th-13th century chronicler
406:as a revenge, launched a catastrophic raid in
312:annexed the principality of the Ghaznavids in
908:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAndre_Wink1991 (
696:al-Din but rather imprisoned in a fortress.
8:
884:
568:. Further, the 16th-17th century chronicler
544:twice before finally capturing it in 1186.
434:and some of their other possessions to the
903:
31:
1483:Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent
1228:
1213:
1174:
1039:
970:
848:
1393:Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
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1024:
829:
773:
187:
179:
1468:Battles involving the Ghaznavid Empire
1140:
1121:
1109:
946:
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997:
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958:
934:
7:
1277:
1201:
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872:
860:
836:
42:Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor
1337:History of Medieval India:800-1700
316:after overthrowing the last
14:
1254:. Psychology Press. p. 167.
1503:Battles involving Turkic peoples
268:
261:
230:
223:
172:
652:including the later writing of
1316:. Edinburgh University Press.
308:during which the Ghurid ruler
269:
231:
134:
1:
713:"No member from the house of
1498:Battles involving the Tajiks
1364:. People's Publishing House.
508:was blocked after the
125:and much of the present-day
1390:Khan, Iqtidar Alam (2008).
1088:. N. Kishore. p. 155.
476:against an alliance of the
474:completely routed in Sirohi
1519:
1478:Military history of Lahore
410:in 1151, Baharam Shah was
368:after their defeat in the
249:Location within South Asia
18:
1085:History of the Chāhamānas
217:
204:
162:
145:
47:
39:
16:Ghurid conquest of Lahore
612:The encroachment of the
470:capturing Multan and Uch
356:soon after the death of
756:and later expanded the
750:Second Battle of Tarain
693:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
682:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
654:Mohammad Qasim Firishta
400:Battle of Ghazni (1148)
338:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
1375:. Rupa & Company.
1372:A HISTORY OF RAJASTHAN
746:First Battle of Tarain
736:but was defeated by a
691:for two months before
642:Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani
496:down to the valley of
464:down to middle of the
298:Siege of Lahore (1186)
252:Show map of South Asia
163:Commanders and leaders
25:Siege of Lahore (1761)
1473:History of South Asia
447:Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud
86:31.54972°N 74.34361°E
1369:Hooja, Rima (2006).
1082:R. B. Singh (1964).
528:began to invade the
370:Battle of Dandanaqan
285:Show map of Pakistan
246:class=notpageimage|
1396:. Scarecrow Press.
510:defeat in Mount Abu
302:military expedition
82: /
19:For later siege by
1340:. Orient Longman.
1292:, p. 116-117.
1251:A History of India
1246:Dietmar Rothermund
1177:, p. 130-131.
1124:, p. 157-158.
1072:, p. 111-112.
985:, p. 109,135.
742:Prithviraj Chauhan
738:Rajput Confederacy
91:31.54972; 74.34361
1403:978-0-8108-5503-8
1382:978-81-291-1501-0
1347:978-81-250-3226-7
1323:978-0-85224-315-2
1261:978-0-415-32919-4
885:David Thomas 2018
404:Ala al-Din Husayn
294:
293:
282:Lahore (Pakistan)
185:Malik Shah (
141:
140:
21:Ahmed Shah Abdali
1510:
1488:Ghaznavid Empire
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1429:
1407:
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1293:
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1098:
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1079:
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1067:
1058:
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1043:
1037:
1028:
1027:, p. 68-69.
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980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
925:, p. 35-36.
920:
914:
913:
901:
895:
894:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
817:
812:after defeating
778:
710:Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
451:Muhammad of Ghor
396:Sayf al-Din Suri
358:Mahmud of Ghazni
334:Muhammad of Ghor
310:Muhammad of Ghor
300:was part of the
286:
272:
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195:Muhammad of Ghor
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119:Muhammad of Ghor
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32:
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1389:
1383:
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1356:Habib, Mohammad
1354:
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1332:Chandra, Satish
1330:
1324:
1308:Bosworth, C. E.
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904:Andre Wink 1991
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552:After annexing
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532:territories in
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35:Siege of Lahore
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1298:
1295:
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1282:
1280:, p. 115.
1270:
1260:
1233:
1231:, p. 131.
1218:
1216:, p. 130.
1206:
1194:
1192:, p. 144.
1179:
1164:
1162:, p. 112.
1145:
1143:, p. 158.
1126:
1114:
1112:, p. 157.
1099:
1074:
1059:
1044:
1042:, p. 129.
1029:
1017:
1015:, p. 111.
1002:
1000:, p. 109.
987:
975:
973:, p. 124.
963:
961:, p. 135.
951:
949:, p. 154.
939:
937:, p. 108.
927:
915:
906:, p. 137.
896:
877:
875:, p. 136.
865:
863:, p. 135.
853:
851:, p. 118.
841:
839:, p. 134.
828:
827:
825:
822:
819:
818:
802:Mohammad Habib
798:C. E. Bosworth
772:
771:
769:
766:
754:Gangetic Plain
701:
698:
689:Peace "(amãn)"
633:
630:
626:Husain Kharmil
597:
594:
549:
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517:
514:
502:Northern India
480:rulers led by
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1242:Hermann Kulke
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1230:
1229:Bosworth 1977
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:Bosworth 1977
1210:
1207:
1204:, p. 90.
1203:
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1186:
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1176:
1175:Bosworth 1977
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1078:
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1057:, p. 68.
1056:
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1045:
1041:
1040:Bosworth 1977
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
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984:
979:
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971:Bosworth 1977
967:
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936:
931:
928:
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919:
916:
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900:
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892:
887:, p. 27.
886:
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857:
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849:Bosworth 1977
845:
842:
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786:Khusrau Malik
783:
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760:empire up to
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730:Punjab plains
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705:Khusrau Malik
699:
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650:Muhammad Aufi
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22:
1493:1180 in Asia
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1416:
1392:
1371:
1360:
1336:
1312:
1300:Bibliography
1285:
1273:
1265:
1250:
1236:
1209:
1197:
1117:
1084:
1077:
1055:Chandra 2007
1025:Chandra 2007
1020:
978:
966:
954:
942:
930:
918:
899:
880:
868:
856:
844:
832:
814:Ahmed Sanjar
794:Khusrau Shah
782:Ibn al-Athir
776:
723:
708:
703:
686:
658:
646:Ibn al-Athir
635:
611:
599:
551:
522:Ibn al-Athir
519:
459:
444:
424:Khusrau Shah
414:and fled to
392:Baharam Shah
389:
372:against the
351:
326:
297:
295:
146:Belligerents
29:
1434:Wink, Andre
1141:Nizami 1970
1122:Nizami 1970
1110:Nizami 1970
947:Nizami 1970
788:, although
734:North India
596:Second raid
566:Ghuzz Turks
486:Mularaja II
466:Indus Plain
455:Ghuzz Turks
436:Ghuzz Turks
385:tributaries
113:Territorial
89: /
1462:Categories
1449:9004102361
1290:Habib 1981
1160:Habib 1981
1070:Habib 1981
1013:Habib 1981
998:Habib 1981
983:Habib 1981
959:Habib 1981
935:Habib 1981
824:References
678:Gharjistan
558:Ghaznavids
548:First raid
462:Gomal Pass
354:Ghaznavids
348:Background
152:Ghaznavids
131:Ghaznavids
77:74°20′37″E
74:31°32′59″N
1442:. BRILL.
1278:Khan 2008
1202:Khan 2008
1190:Wink 1991
923:Khan 2008
873:Wink 1991
861:Wink 1991
837:Wink 1991
700:Aftermath
670:riverside
582:Chahamana
556:from the
530:Ghaznavid
506:Rajasthan
394:captured
318:Ghaznavid
135:Aftermath
129:from the
121:captured
1436:(1991).
1426:31870180
1358:(1981).
1334:(2007).
1310:(1977).
1248:(2004).
810:Khurasan
666:Ferishta
632:Conquest
622:Khokhars
590:elephant
570:Ferishta
554:Peshawar
494:Pakistan
420:Firuzkuh
412:defeated
383:(former
366:Khurasan
342:Firuzkuh
205:Strength
137:section)
60:Location
40:Part of
1094:1103872
744:in the
740:led by
719:Ghurids
674:Ghurids
618:Sialkot
614:Ghurids
607:Sialkot
526:Ghurids
482:Solanki
381:Ghurids
306:Ghurids
210:Unknown
177: (
157:Ghurids
115:changes
108:victory
1446:
1424:
1400:
1379:
1344:
1320:
1258:
1092:
790:Minhaj
762:Bengal
758:Ghurid
715:Ghazni
680:under
662:Ghazni
638:Lahore
542:Lahore
534:Punjab
524:, the
490:Punjab
484:ruler
478:Rajput
440:Lahore
432:Ghazni
416:Lahore
408:Ghazni
362:Persia
329:Lahore
320:ruler
314:Lahore
276:Lahore
238:Lahore
213:20,000
171:
127:Punjab
123:Lahore
106:Ghurid
102:Result
65:Lahore
23:, see
768:Notes
726:Indus
602:Sindh
584:king
578:Delhi
516:Siege
498:Kabul
430:lost
133:(see
1444:ISBN
1422:OCLC
1398:ISBN
1377:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1090:OCLC
910:help
891:help
808:and
806:Merv
728:and
648:and
574:Rais
492:and
449:and
364:and
352:The
296:The
55:1186
52:Date
640:by
616:in
576:of
426:or
340:in
304:of
188:POW
180:POW
1464::
1264:.
1244:;
1221:^
1182:^
1167:^
1148:^
1129:^
1102:^
1062:^
1047:^
1032:^
1005:^
990:^
796:.
764:.
721:.
684:.
644:,
468:,
442:.
324:.
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191:)
183:)
27:.
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