681:
prepared. The country laid waste by the movements of hostile armies for two successive summers and had been reduced to such a wretched condition that instead of any supplies being drawn from the fertile fields around, it was absolutely necessary for the government to furnish the inhabitants with seed corn to sow their grounds and with other supplies to enable them to subsist on till the ensuing harvest.
571:). Babur observing this movement waited for the favorable moment, when he ordered a charge of cavalry to be made upon them. It was completely successful. Large numbers of Samarkandians were cut down and many, both horse and foot, were taken prisoner. The higher officers and the soldiers were treated with the usual courtesy of the time. The same indulgence was not extended to the citizens.
652:
several of his followers who fell into Masud's hands. He finally, however, did succeed in reaching Kunduz where he was well received by
Khusroe Shah, who had been the chief minister of his father but, at that time engrossed with his own schemes of power and conquest, regarded Baysonqor Mirza as a fit instrument for his soaring ambitions.
597:, who would become Baburs' nemesis. Babur, though his forces were dispersed, resolved to show a bold countenance, put the troops that were with him in battle formation and marched out to face the enemy. Shaybani had hoped to take Babur by surprise, but finding him battle ready, chose not to risk a battle and withdrew towards Samarkand.
684:
To levy contributions for his army from such a country was, as Babur himself remarked, quite impossible. His soldiers were consequently exposed to much distress and he possessed no adequate means of satisfying their wants. The men began to drop off and return home. The example set by the soldiers was
562:
Many skirmishes took place with considerable losses on both sides. On one of these occasions a party that Babur had sent to the Lovers Cave to surprise the city by night, on the treacherous invitation of some of the townspeople, fell into an ambush by which some of his bravest soldiers were slain and
579:
was nevertheless resolved not to leave the territory. He therefore decided to break up from his exposed positions before the city and to erect temporary huts for his troops in some neighboring forts by which means they could still keep
Samarkand in a state of blockade. For this purpose, the fort of
680:
Both Begs and soldiers who had looked forward to the rich plunder that it was to afford as the reward of the toils they had endured in a long siege, were extremely discontented when they discovered that the city was worn out from the long continuance of the blockade for which it was not originally
651:
Masud Mirza wanted to prevent that his brother and rival would be able to unite himself with a protector so formidable as
Khusroe Shah, and made an attempt to seize him. Baysonqor Mirza, the fugitive prince passing through the territory of Hissar, escaped with difficulty, though with the loss of
584:
was chosen as his headquarters and the necessary constructions were begun in and around it without delay. When they were finished, the army moved into them. Some officers however went with their men to towns at a greater distance to secure better winter accommodation, which left the army rather
566:
However, while Babur camped there, the inhabitants of all the neighboring countryside submitted and surrendered their strongholds to him. From the station of Yurat Khan, Babur moved first to the meadow of Kulbeh and next to the hill of Kohik on a different side of the town. When the people of
616:
That city had now sustained a siege for seven months. Baysonqor Mirza had set his last hope of relief on the arrival of the Uzbek army. Seeing that action failed, he gave himself up to despair, abandoned the place and his kingdom, and, attended only by a few close followers, took the road to
599:
Baysonqor Mirza, who had expected a much more effectual relief from such a formidable reinforcement, was disappointed and vexed at the result and could not conceal his feelings. So he did not give
Shaybani the favorable reception he had expected. The Uzbek ruler returned a few days after to
663:
had in this victory isn't clear, as no mention is being made of him during the siege. Babur, whether in consequence of special agreement or of his superior activity alone, entered the city. Sultan Ali had previously, however, overrun some of the dependent districts especially those in the
567:
Samarkand saw the enemy army on the march from one position to the other, thinking that it was on its retreat and elated with their supposed success, they sallied out both soldiers and citizens in great numbers towards two bridges crossing the River Kohik (today known as
600:
Turkistan, but in the course of his short expedition, he had seen at once the richness of
Samarkand and the weakness of its defenders. This is the first hostile appearance of that remarkable man, who afterwards exercised so powerful an influence on the fate of
574:
This action enabled Babur's army to advance unopposed as far as to the moat around the city, and to carry off provisions from under the very walls. But the city itself was not captured and winter was approaching.
664:
neighborhood of
Bukhara and continued to retain possession of them as well as of that city. The city of Samarkand, the possession of which thus rewarded the perseverance of the youthful
364:
806:
464:
163:
811:
549:
538:
134:
221:
716:. While he planned to retake Samarkand in 1500, he learnt that the Khan of the Uzbeks, Muhammad Shaybani, was also headed towards the city.
642:
357:
226:
459:
241:
186:
156:
236:
256:
771:
744:
816:
350:
266:
261:
788:
Ewans, Martin (September 2002). Afghanistan: A Short
History of Its People and Politics. HarperCollins. pp. 26–7.
660:
534:
389:
125:
649:, but with whom he had quarreled since that prince's retreat from Hissar, and of whom he was in reality independent.
801:
593:
At this critical moment, an Uzbek force arrived at
Samarkand on the request of Baysonqor Mirza, under their leader
149:
404:
206:
196:
655:
As soon as Babur heared of the flight of
Baysonqor Mirza, he rallied his troops from their encampments towards
556:, a village not far from Samarkand. Some skirmishes followed. From Yam, Babur moved his camp to Yurat Khan (or
399:
276:
246:
454:
251:
316:
434:
306:
449:
444:
419:
686:
668:
was one of the richest and most populous at that time in the world. It had been the capital of the great
281:
821:
469:
216:
30:
296:
424:
271:
553:
429:
301:
439:
409:
286:
201:
638:
581:
326:
101:
697:
594:
375:
331:
130:
696:
Ahmed Tambol later rebelled and took over his
Kingdom of Fergana, supporting Babur's brother
478:
321:
311:
568:
414:
291:
231:
211:
474:
659:
and took the city without opposition by the end of November 1497. What share his ally
795:
685:
soon followed even by their leaders. All his Mughal horse deserted, and in the end,
560:), a place four or five miles from the city where he remained forty or fifty days.
342:
704:. As Babur was marching to recover his lost kingdom, his troops deserted him in
622:
634:
59:
777:
750:
725:
709:
705:
656:
626:
605:
513:
109:
55:
105:
92:
88:
84:
672:
and still maintained its preeminence in the countries he had conquered.
713:
701:
690:
545:
509:
505:
96:
618:
537:
agreed to jointly attack Samarkand, which was ruled by Ali's brother
141:
700:
as the new king and joined by Uzun Hasan. The rebels lay siege to
669:
665:
646:
630:
601:
576:
530:
501:
174:
121:
346:
145:
516:. In May 1497, the city was captured after 7 months of siege.
563:others taken prisoner and afterwards put to death.
500:was a successful siege by the two armies of Emir
693:, forsook him like the rest and returned home.
23:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
358:
157:
8:
365:
351:
343:
164:
150:
142:
20:
689:, a Mughal nobleman of the first rank in
552:and after various successes encamped at
737:
625:. That district, which lies beyond the
780:in English), volume 1, pp. 72–74
753:in English), volume 1, pp. 66–68
544:In May 1497, Babur led his army from
7:
807:Sieges involving the Timurid Empire
608:, which he would conquer in 1501.
207:Uzbek Conquest of Samarkand (1501)
14:
641:, who was nominally subject to
812:Military history of Uzbekistan
1:
708:, leaving him with neither
838:
16:Part of Timurid Civil Wars
498:Siege of Samarkand (1497)
385:
182:
115:
78:
38:
28:
550:Sultan Baysonqor Mirza
548:into the territory of
539:Sultan Baysonqor Mirza
135:Sultan Baysonqor Mirza
116:Commanders and leaders
817:History of Samarkand
589:Uzbek relief attempt
237:2nd Turkomen Hazaras
687:Sultan Ahmed Tambol
257:Eastern Afghanistan
46:May - November 1497
643:Sultan Masud Mirza
508:and Sultan Ali of
122:Zahir-ud-din Babur
102:Khanate of Bukhara
34:Timurid Civil Wars
31:Timurid-Uzbek Wars
24:Siege of Samarkand
802:Conflicts in 1497
637:was then held by
595:Muhammad Shaybani
491:
490:
377:Muhammad Shaybani
340:
339:
140:
139:
131:Muhammad Shaybani
74:
73:
829:
781:
773:Memoirs of Babur
769:
754:
746:Memoirs of Babur
742:
661:Sultan Ali Mirza
612:Fall of the city
535:Sultan Ali Mirza
483:
380:
378:
367:
360:
353:
344:
272:Mughal Rebellion
177:
166:
159:
152:
143:
126:Sultan Ali Mirza
70:Victory of Babur
40:
39:
21:
837:
836:
832:
831:
830:
828:
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792:
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770:
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739:
734:
722:
678:
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591:
569:Zarafshan River
561:
533:and his cousin
527:
522:
512:of the city of
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33:
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12:
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5:
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755:
736:
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721:
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698:Jahangir Mirza
677:
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613:
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222:Masudi Hazaras
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26:
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19:
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10:
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6:
4:
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2:
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719:
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532:
524:
519:
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499:
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482:
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461:
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453:
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441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:3rd Samarkand
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:2nd Samarkand
393:
391:
390:Chirciq River
388:
387:
384:
379:
374:Campaigns of
368:
363:
361:
356:
354:
349:
348:
345:
333:
330:
328:
325:
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320:
318:
315:
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268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
232:Qalati Ghilji
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
197:3rd Samarkand
195:
193:
192:2nd Samarkand
190:
188:
187:1st Samarkand
185:
184:
181:
176:
173:Campaigns of
167:
162:
160:
155:
153:
148:
147:
144:
136:
132:
129:
127:
123:
120:
119:
114:
111:
107:
103:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
82:
77:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
42:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
822:1497 in Asia
772:
745:
740:
695:
683:
679:
654:
639:Khusroe Shah
615:
592:
582:Khwaja Didar
573:
565:
557:
543:
528:
497:
495:
480:
394:
252:2nd Kandahar
247:1st Kandahar
191:
79:Belligerents
623:Afghanistan
585:scattered.
465:2nd Kazakhs
460:1st Kazakhs
796:Categories
732:References
635:Badakhshan
558:Khan Yirti
60:Uzbekistan
778:Baburnama
751:Baburnama
726:Baburnama
710:Samarkand
706:Samarkand
676:Aftermath
657:Samarkand
627:Amu Darya
606:Samarkand
529:In 1497,
514:Samarkand
450:2nd Balkh
420:1st Balkh
410:Sar-e-Pul
287:Ghazdewan
282:Kul Malek
277:Ab Darrah
262:2nd India
227:1st India
202:Sar-e-Pul
110:Samarkand
56:Samarkand
720:See also
629:between
470:Firuzkuh
455:Kandahar
445:Khorasan
440:Khwarezm
327:Chanderi
297:Pharwala
106:Timurids
93:Timurids
89:Ferghana
85:Timurids
51:Location
29:Part of
714:Fergana
702:Andijan
691:Andijan
604:and of
546:Andijan
525:Prelude
510:Bukhara
506:Fergana
481:†
425:Andijan
400:Bukhara
332:Ghaghra
317:Gwalior
312:Sambhal
307:Panipat
267:Mohmand
97:Bukhara
647:Hissar
619:Kunduz
477:
435:Kunduz
430:Hissar
322:Khanwa
302:Milwat
292:Bajaur
242:Ghilji
67:Result
670:Timur
666:Babur
631:Balkh
602:Babur
577:Babur
531:Babur
520:Siege
502:Babur
415:Akhsi
217:Kabul
212:Akhsi
175:Babur
712:nor
633:and
496:The
475:Marv
43:Date
645:of
554:Yam
504:of
108:of
95:of
87:of
798::
758:^
621:,
541:.
58:,
776:(
749:(
366:e
359:t
352:v
165:e
158:t
151:v
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