195:
178:
129:
39:
650:, was assaulted and briefly captured, but the attackers were left without support and were ordered to withdraw, losing 700 men in total, including General Dmitriy Selvan, who was mortally wounded in the assault. Official Ottoman proclamations announced that their losses were 189 men. Musa Pasha, the garrison commander, died on 2 June killed by shrapnel while performing prayers, he was replaced by British officers Butler and Nasmyth. Paskevich in his reports to Nikolai stated that the Ottomans were defending the city with good strategic knowledge because of the assistance of foreign officers.
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cross the Danube, then on 30 June 1854, 12,000 French troops commanded by Vice-Admiral Bruat arrived at Varna where 30,000 British troops had already arrived on 27 June, that recent buildup added pressure on
Russian command to abandon the siege and retreat back into Russia across the Prut. In order to save face the Russians called their retreat a "strategic withdrawal".
623:. Captain James Butler and Lieutenant Charles Nasmyth, were some of the foreign officers directing Ottoman troops against the Russians. Nasmyth arrived in Silistria on 28 March 1854, before it was besieged by the Russians. Nasmyth and Butler of the Ceylon Rifles, offered their services to the garrison, both men had served with the
634:
arrived at the fortress and commenced the siege by building entrenchments. Schilder had taken
Silistria in 1829 by mining operations, this time Totleben was in charge of fortifications and sapper work. However, they were unable to completely surround the town, and the Ottoman forces were able to keep
686:
Most scholars agree that the
Russian offensive was not stopped by Ottoman resistance but by diplomatic pressure and the threat of military action by Austria. The Austrians had been concentrating troops (said to number 280,000) along the borders of Wallachia and Moldavia and had warned Russia not to
672:
At 2 am on 21 June, just two hours before the assault was due to take place and in the midst of troop movements, Gorchakov received orders from
Paskevitch to raise the siege and return to his positions north of the Danube. The concentration of allied troops in the vicinity of Varna, 50,000
593:
crossed the river and advanced to lay siege to
Silistria on 14 April. Silistria was heavily fortified and defended by an Ottoman garrison between 12,000 and 18,000 men under the command of Ferik Musa Hulusi Pasha known as Musa Pasha, and assisted by foreign advisors. An Ottoman force under
657:
while his place was taken by
General Gorchakov. On 13 June Schilder was also wounded and died shortly after, a week later, on 20 June, Arab-Tabia was finally captured. On 21 June the Russians prepared to storm the main fortress, the attack was scheduled for 4 am.
677:
order a strategic withdrawal. The order was obeyed immediately on 24 June the
Russian army crossed the Danube destroying the bridge behind them, the Ottoman army did not follow. The Russian's casualties were 2,500 dead and 1783 wounded during the siege.
564:. Under additional pressure from Austria, the Russian command, which was about to launch a final assault on the fortress town, was ordered to lift the siege and retreat from the area, thus ending the Danubian phase of the Crimean War.
690:
Following the retreat
Nicholas I acceded to the Austrian-Ottoman occupation of the Danubian principalities thus signaling the end of the Danubian phase of the war. The Turks under Omar Pasha then crossed the Danube into
618:
it had an outer ring of ten forts. The
Ottoman army at Silistria was composed mostly of Albanians and Egyptians under the command of Musa Pasha. About six British Officers were helping the Ottomans, most notably
572:
On 20 March 1854, following the winter lull in campaigning, a
Russian army consisting of two army corps crossed the Danube advancing into Ottoman territory. In the east, an army numbering 50,000 under General
653:
On 10 June Field Marshal Paskevich claimed to have been hit when an Ottoman shell exploded nearby. Although he was not wounded, the seventy-two-year old Field Marshal retired and returned to
328:
715:
By May 1854, the Russian forces around Silistria had reached 90,000 men, at the time the single largest Russian siege force ever deployed against an Ottoman fortress.
1386:
1376:
639:, the commander of all Russian forces took personal control of the Danube campaign and arrived from Warsaw to Bucharest to take charge of the siege.
495:
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1185:
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On 5 April the vanguard of the Russian force under General Karl Andreyevich Schilder and his assistant military engineer Lieutenant-Colonel
468:
76:
1381:
314:
38:
1201:. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century. Greenwood Press.
590:
249:
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to occupy designated strong points. The Russians advanced quickly and at the beginning of April reached the lines of the
1391:
620:
382:
199:
746:, Nasmyth's letters in the Times, from April to June 1854, described the siege in details until his wounding and death.
490:
1371:
478:
560:). Sustained Ottoman resistance had allowed French and British troops to build up a significant army in nearby
451:
217:
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574:
643:
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foundations, it was built up by Turkey as a major fortress and trading centre, fortified with an inner
355:
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662:
The siege of Silistria must be raised if the fortress is not yet taken at the receipt of this letter.
507:
485:
434:
402:
502:
473:
463:
673:
French and 20,000 British, as well as Austria's new treaty with Turkey, signed on 14 June, made
1351:
1329:
1314:
The History of the War with Russia: Giving Full Details of the Operations of the Allied Armies
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133:
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1149:. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Scarecrow Press.
407:
141:
1353:
The Neighbours of Russia: And History of the Present War to the Siege of Sebastopol
743:
611:
146:
424:
1323:
1291:
1270:
1259:
1238:
1123:
1102:
733:
Omar Pasha was a former Serbian Orthodox Austrian soldier known as Mihajlo Latas
538:
338:
30:
595:
578:
91:
78:
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553:
66:
1180:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East. Brill.
1177:
Atlas of Southeast Europe: Geopolitics and History. Volume Three: 1815-1926
1049:
642:
On 28 May, after a sally from the Turkish Garrison, the heavily fortified
1261:
General Todleben's History of the Defence of Sebastopol, 1854-5: A Review
696:
557:
549:
1243:. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa. F. Steiner.
1107:. Facts on File Library of World History. Facts On File, Incorporated.
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589:, 30 miles east of Silistria. Meanwhile, the central force under
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and went on the offensive engaging the Russians in the city of
667:
Nicholas I of Russia to Field Marshal Paskevich, 13 June 1854,
310:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
988:
986:
893:
891:
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numbering 40 to 45,000 was based to the south of Silistria in
306:
816:
814:
812:
810:
1240:
Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878
937:
935:
933:
635:
the garrison supplied. On 22 April Field Marshal Prince
864:
862:
43:"Victorious sally by the Turkish garrison of Silistria"
778:
776:
774:
924:
801:
853:
1174:Hötte, H.H.A.; Demeter, G.; Turbucs, D. (2017).
1050:The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 1858
1004:
660:
23:
1272:The Crimean War: Europe's Conflict with Russia
1296:. Essential Histories. Taylor & Francis.
322:
8:
1025:
992:
897:
820:
742:Nasmyth was also news correspondent for the
1219:The Crimean War: The Truth Behind the Myth
1166:The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal
329:
315:
307:
20:
1125:"The" Ottoman Crimean War: (1853 - 1856)
880:
765:
1317:. London Print. and Publishing Company.
977:
965:
941:
868:
832:
758:
708:
1101:́Ágoston, G.A.; Masters, B.A. (2010).
909:
1198:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z
1061:
1037:
7:
1322:Winfried Baumgart (9 January 2020).
1195:Jaques, T.; Showalter, D.E. (2007).
1146:The A to Z of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1086:] (in Russian). Moscow: Moskva.
953:
782:
541:, from 11 May to 23 June 1854, when
1387:Sieges involving the Russian Empire
1377:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
1216:Ponting, Clive (15 February 2011).
1169:. Arch. Constable & Comp. 1858.
1104:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
14:
255:
243:
231:
211:
193:
176:
154:
140:
127:
37:
1084:The history of the Russian Army
724:Another source has 419 killed
45:Illustration by unknown artist
16:1854 battle of the Crimean War
1:
621:Robert Cannon (Behram Pasha)
1078:Егоршина, Петрова (2023).
1005:Jaques & Showalter 2007
491:Charge of the Light Brigade
1408:
1382:Battles of the Crimean War
1325:The Crimean War: 1853-1856
1328:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
346:
290:
275:
166:
119:
49:
36:
28:
1079:
925:Ágoston and Masters 2010
802:Ágoston and Masters 2010
591:Prince Mikhail Gorchakov
577:crossed the border from
537:, took place during the
92:44.1191694°N 27.261361°E
625:East India Company Army
218:Karl Andreevich Shilder
1258:Russell, W.H. (1865).
854:Winfried Baumgart 2020
670:
610:Silistria had ancient
167:Commanders and leaders
1356:. T. Nelson and sons.
1350:Morell, J.R. (1854).
1290:Sweetman, J. (2014).
1122:Candan Badem (2010).
1080:История русской армии
291:Casualties and losses
97:44.1191694; 27.261361
57:11 May – 23 June 1854
1311:Tyrrell, H. (1855).
699:in early July 1854.
575:Alexander von Lüders
545:forces besieged the
261:Dmitriy Selvan
1392:History of Silistra
1264:. Tinsley Brothers.
1237:Reid, J.J. (2000).
1143:Cuvalo, A. (2010).
301:1,783-1,987 wounded
88: /
1344:General references
1269:Small, H. (2018).
644:fort of Arab Tabia
531:siege of Silistria
24:Siege of Silistria
1372:Conflicts in 1854
1335:978-1-350-08345-5
1303:978-1-135-97650-7
1282:978-0-7509-8742-4
1275:. History Press.
1250:978-3-515-07687-6
1229:978-1-4070-9311-6
1208:978-0-313-33539-6
1187:978-90-04-36181-2
1156:978-0-8108-7647-7
1135:978-90-04-18205-9
1114:978-1-4381-1025-7
1093:978-5-699-42397-2
1026:Candan Badem 2010
993:Candan Badem 2010
898:Candan Badem 2010
821:Candan Badem 2010
535:siege of Silistra
526:
525:
496:The Thin Red Line
305:
304:
250:Mikhail Gorchakov
115:
114:
1399:
1357:
1339:
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1222:. Random House.
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414:Naval Operations
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182:Musa Pasha
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111:Ottoman victory.
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71:Ottoman Bulgaria
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632:Eduard Totleben
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284:50,000 – 90,000
281:12,000 – 18,000
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1052:, p. 241.
1042:
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1028:, p. 186.
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1007:, p. 945.
997:
995:, p. 185.
982:
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958:
956:, p. 254.
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929:
927:, p. 161.
914:
912:, p. 138.
902:
900:, p. 183.
885:
883:, p. 432.
873:
858:
856:, p. 110.
837:
835:, p. 139.
825:
823:, p. 184.
806:
804:, p. 162.
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785:, p. 256.
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944:, p. 64.
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881:Егоршина 2023
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871:, p. 65.
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766:Sweetman 2014
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1040:, p. 7.
1033:
1000:
978:Russell 1865
973:
966:Ponting 2011
961:
949:
942:Ponting 2011
905:
876:
869:Ponting 2011
833:Tyrrell 1855
828:
768:, p. 7.
761:
744:London Times
738:
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711:
689:
685:
671:
661:
652:
641:
629:
609:
571:
534:
530:
528:
370:
299:2,500 killed
296:1,400 killed
264:
223:
200:Behram Pasha
185:
147:Egypt Eyalet
125:
120:Belligerents
83:27°15′40.9″E
29:Part of the
18:
1293:Crimean War
910:Cuvalo 2010
539:Crimean War
479:Great Redan
440:Suomenlinna
388:Başgedikler
383:Akhaltsikhe
339:Crimean War
95: /
80:44°7′9.01″N
31:Crimean War
1366:Categories
1071:References
1062:Small 2018
1038:Hötte 2017
675:Nicholas I
596:Omar Pasha
579:Bessarabia
568:Background
469:Sevastopol
1128:. Brill.
954:Reid 2000
783:Reid 2000
754:Citations
693:Wallachia
682:Aftermath
554:Silistria
508:Eupatoria
486:Balaclava
435:Bomarsund
430:Halkokari
425:Åland War
403:Kurekdere
371:Silistria
67:Silistria
697:Giurgevo
665:—
646:, a key
558:Bulgaria
550:fortress
518:Chernaya
513:Taganrog
503:Inkerman
474:Malakoff
377:Caucasus
356:Oltenița
286:266 guns
276:Strength
62:Location
648:outwork
616:Citadel
583:Dobruja
547:Ottoman
543:Russian
452:Kinburn
398:Choloki
393:Nigoiti
366:Calafat
350:Balkans
265:†
224:†
186:†
1332:
1300:
1279:
1247:
1226:
1205:
1184:
1153:
1132:
1111:
1090:
655:Warsaw
606:Action
458:Crimea
361:Cetate
220:
108:Result
1082:[
703:Notes
612:Roman
600:Şumnu
581:into
562:Varna
533:, or
420:Sinop
1330:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1088:ISBN
529:The
464:Alma
408:Kars
54:Date
552:of
1368::
1012:^
985:^
932:^
917:^
888:^
861:^
840:^
809:^
790:^
773:^
627:.
602:.
69:,
1338:.
1306:.
1285:.
1253:.
1232:.
1211:.
1190:.
1159:.
1138:.
1117:.
1096:.
330:e
323:t
316:v
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