668:, allegations of desecrations of mosques were unfounded since the mausoleum of Shaikh Ahmad Mujaddid Alif Sani, which was the most magnificent buildings in the city, was left untouched after the battle. He further castigates the writers of the Siyar-ul-Mutakherin and Muntakhib-ul-Lubab for exaggerating Sikh atrocities, the statements of which were repeated by later writers like Mohammad Latif. He goes on to write that the Muslim populace, due to their affiliation with persecution and religious intolerance towards the poor and innocents, was subject to indiscriminate plunder by the Sikhs impelled by the memory of the execution of Guru Gobind Singh's sons and the host of plunderers and irregulars ravenously plundered and avenged personal animosities. Only the Muslims who disguised themselves and hid themselves in the houses of Hindus were able to escape injury. Likewise the Hindus who were guilty of crimes against the innocents were punished and the city was spared from complete destruction as local Hindus appealed for forgiveness, and amnesty was granted to the city inhabitants after a large ransom was paid to Banda Singh Bahadur.
615:, Banda Singh Bahadur and his forces began their march to Sirhind, roughly 10 miles from the battle field. The gates of the city were closed, and the guns mounted on the fort's walls maintained steady fire on the Sikhs and managed to inflict considerable losses upon them. Fighting resumed on May 13, the fort guns had managed to kill 500 of Banda's troops, in response, the Sikhs fired a deadly volley on the fort gun, rendering it useless and attacked the city gates, successfully managing to open some of them.
155:
110:
162:
141:
131:
81:
1230:
Certain allegations against Banda, viz., the exhumation of grave, desecration of mosques or setting them ablaze, forcible conversions to
Sikhism after the sack of Sirhind, Sadhaura or other places, have been examined by Ganda Singh and finds no iota of truth... a statement of G. C. Narang, which says
684:
of the
Sirhind division and replaced them with his own men. He appointed Baj Singh as the Governor of Sirhind and Ali Singh of Salaudi as his deputy, and struck coins. Although the Mughals could regain control of the urban areas of Sirhind, they were unable to police the countryside, allowing Banda
623:
On 14 May 1710, Banda and his army entered and captured
Sirhind, and an immense destruction of life and property ensued shortly after. Sucha Nand was captured alive and later executed, whereas other Hindus who contributed to the crimes of Wazir Khan were punished. Banda seized two
672:'s and Latif's account of the siege has also been criticized by Dr. Harbans Sagoo, S.S. Gandhi, and Gokul Chand Narang as erroneous, lacking critical analysis and understanding, and on the basis of the chroniclers being Muslims and therefore ostensibly impartial to their regime.
603:, as they could provide military assistance to the Mughal government of Sirhind. Due to consistent victories, many plunderers, looking to prey upon the riches within the walls of Sirhind, also followed Banda Singh Bahadur and his Sikh troops on his march to Sirhind.
655:
noted that several notable
Muslims saved their lives by converting to Sikhism. Yogesh Snehi noted that Banda Singh Bahadur destroyed imperial mosques and the fort of Sirhind during his raid, where the two young sons of Guru Gobind Singh were executed.
1142:
640:
A number of accounts point to general atrocities committed by Banda's troops on the Muslim community and their vassals in
Sirhind; however during the expedition numerous Muslim tombs were spared including the
1231:
that the standing of the mausoleum of Ahmad Shah after the
Muslims lost Sirhind is itself a sufficient evidence of the exaggeration in Latif's statement, which nevertheless is corroborated by Khafi Khan.
217:
210:
685:
and his men to establish a parallel authority within those areas by levying taxes, raiding towns and trade routes and striking their own coinage. Banda Singh made
1427:
728:
in battle. With the entire province of
Sirhind under his possession, Banda Singh became popular as the defender of the faith and champion of the oppressors.
426:
203:
567:
The city of
Sirhind was anathema to the Sikhs who were raged to take vengeance upon the Mughal regime of Sirhind, under whom the two young children of
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notes that the Sikhs massacred those who did not readily convert to
Sikhism and destroyed the city buildings. According to
1447:
391:
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1244:
979:
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1437:
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and kardars (tax officers), and used his own inscribed and authorized seal on his orders. He further abolished the
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After the victory, due to the reports of intolerance and prejudiced treatment by
Muslims from towns of
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629:
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1090:. co-published by Taylor & Francis and the Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 66.
579:, Sucha Nand. Some prominent towns on the way to Sirhind were captured and plundered including
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forces in 1710. The Sikhs besieged, stormed, captured, plundered and razed the city of
161:
1416:
540:
114:
52:
646:
628:(20 million) worth of government treasury and moveable property which was moved to
680:
After the conquest of Sirhind, Banda Singh ousted the Muslim officers from all 28
140:
130:
80:
1228:. Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. 1988. p. 76.
761:
725:
790:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799
713:
669:
90:
1087:
Spatializing Popular Sufi Shrines in Punjab: Dreams, Memories, Territoriality
1201:
Sikhs in the Eighteenth Century:Their Struggle for Survival and Supremacy
702:
1060:
Sicques, Tigers or Thieves: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1810)
195:
717:
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548:
100:
95:
660:
also writes that thousands of Muslims were killed during the siege.
698:
625:
576:
572:
1147:. Vol. 1, Part 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 257.
706:
1034:
History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69)
693:, made his own administrative arrangements, appointed his own
199:
1036:(3rd ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 14.
1363:
Guru Gobind Singh: Historical and Ideological Perspective
1175:. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp. 67β69.
868:
The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors
524:, known alternatively as the Battle of Sirhind, or the
841:
839:
837:
911:. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 84.
1063:. Palgrave Macmillan US (Springer). p. 92.
1057:Madra, Amandeep Singh; Singh, P. (2016-09-27).
705:(feudal system) and distributed land among the
21:
611:After defeating and killing Wazir Khan in the
1390:Studies in Later Mughal History of the Panjab
1246:Studies in Later Mughal History of the Panjab
984:. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 124.
211:
8:
793:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 51.
871:. Cambridge University Press. p. 248.
1339:. Cambridge University Press. p. 83.
218:
204:
196:
18:
1291:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGupta1999 (
928:. Oxford University Press. p. 105.
1312:. Oxford University Press. p. 52.
1166:
1164:
981:Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovreignty
755:
753:
749:
1226:The Panjab Past and Present: Volume 22
865:Macauliffe, Max Arthur (2013-03-28) .
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860:
858:
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7:
1249:. The Minerva Book Shop. p. 47.
1117:. S. Chand Publishing. p. 232.
1428:Battles involving the Mughal Empire
1336:The Sikhs of the Punjab Volumes 2-3
1309:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
1144:The New Cambridge History of India
662:The New Cambridge History of India
649:leading to doubts on the extent.
571:were executed on the order of the
14:
925:A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838
1393:. Minerva book shop. p. 47.
766:. Greenwood Press. p. 948.
763:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges
160:
153:
139:
129:
108:
79:
964:Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century
647:Shaikh Ahmad Mujaddid Alif Sani
575:of Sirhind, Wazir Khan and his
551:after defeating and beheading
1366:. Unistar Books. p. 241.
787:Dhavan, Purnima (2011-11-03).
724:, Banda marched to engage the
1:
1463:Battles involving the Rajputs
820:. Penguin Books. p. 64.
1266:. Hemkunt Press. p. 9.
1084:Snehi, Yogesh (2019-04-24).
978:Sagoo, Harbans Kaur (2001).
909:A Short History of the Sikhs
1423:Battles involving the Sikhs
1173:Life of Banda Singh Bahadur
1479:
1458:Battles involving the Jats
1453:1710s in the Mughal Empire
1204:. Singh Bros. p. 33.
519:
1306:Fenech, Louis E. (2014).
1032:Gupta, Hari Ram (1978) .
922:Singh, Khushwant (2004).
238:
181:
168:
120:
72:
34:
26:
1387:Gupta, Hari Ram (1944).
1243:Gupta, Hari Ram (1944).
530:Battle of Sirhind (1764)
526:Battle of Sirhind (1555)
520:Not to be confused with
1360:Kaur, Madanjit (2007).
1260:Dr H.S. Singha (2005).
1111:Mahajan, V. D. (1971).
961:Gandhi, Surjit (1999).
613:Battle of Chappar Chiri
557:Battle of Chappar Chiri
539:was fought between the
522:Battle of Chappar Chiri
440:Sodhra and Badra (1748)
427:Samad Khan's Expedition
1443:Persecution of Muslims
1171:Singh, Ganda (1990) .
907:Singh, Ganda (1989) .
760:Jacques, Tony (2007).
689:as the capital of the
121:Commanders and leaders
1333:Grewal, J.S. (1998).
1198:Gandhi, S.S. (1999).
814:McLeod, W.H. (1997).
636:Atrocities on Muslims
182:Casualties and losses
726:Imperial Mughal Army
283:Anandpur (2nd, 1704)
278:Anandpur (1st, 1704)
263:Anandpur (2nd, 1700)
258:Anandpur (1st, 1700)
1448:18th-century sieges
135:Banda Singh Bahadur
1438:Conflicts in 1710
1139:Richards, John F.
1097:978-0-429-51563-7
1070:978-1-137-11998-8
878:978-1-108-05547-5
800:978-0-19-975655-1
773:978-0-313-33536-5
687:Lohgarh, Bilaspur
630:Lohgarh, Bilaspur
569:Guru Gobind Singh
517:
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159:Sucha Nand
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1114:India Since 1526
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738:Battle of Samana
703:zamindari system
691:First Sikh State
537:siege of Sirhind
502:Shafi's Campaign
233:
231:
230:Mughal-Sikh Wars
220:
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85:First Sikh State
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51:Sirhind (modern
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29:Mughal-Sikh Wars
22:Siege of Sirhind
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485:Kunjpura (1772)
465:Anandpur (1753)
445:Amritsar (1748)
422:Amritsar (1738)
308:Amritsar (1709)
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1188:, p. 143.
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653:Hari Ram Gupta
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967:. p. 28.
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