44:
29:
807:
420:
Other sky islands can be found on the higher peaks of the mountain ranges rising from the
Mexican Plateau to the west. The pine–oak forests extend along a discontinuous line of folded mountains, including the Sierra de Arteaga,
1108:
811:
795:
799:
791:
358:
119:
858:
Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L. (ed.).
1103:
1078:
1043:
828:
515:
The Sierra Madre
Oriental is home to Mexico's greatest diversity of oaks. There are 55 native species, including 19 endemic species. 32 are red oaks (section
973:
783:
1058:
787:
1063:
1073:
1008:
1083:
775:
1093:
1013:
875:
312:
76:
1048:
1053:
365:
state, near the southern end of the Sierra Madre
Oriental. The forests extend almost continuously along the range through the states of
334:
The Sierra Madre
Oriental pine–oak forests are found at elevations of 1,000–3,500 m (3,300–11,500 ft) above sea level in the
1068:
767:
756:
1088:
1018:
998:
867:
779:
354:, adjacent to the southern Sierra Madre Oriental. The ecoregion covers an area of 65,600 km (25,300 sq mi).
1003:
759:
270:
1098:
823:
803:
1028:
771:
752:
981:
43:
1033:
1038:
124:
114:
1023:
591:
422:
129:
763:
748:
596:
557:
553:
351:
109:
691:
335:
567:
441:
437:
339:
99:
620:
541:
533:
472:
104:
59:
833:
607:
561:
549:
545:
537:
529:
498:
382:
235:
583:
is native to the northern Sierra, with an outlier population in the Chisos
Mountains of Texas.
871:
735:
664:
525:
426:
200:
94:
862:
The Atlas of Global
Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference
444:, smaller ranges which rise from the Gulf Coastal Plain east of the main line of the Sierra.
715:
656:
486:
414:
406:
370:
585:
492:
410:
347:
215:
894:
860:
699:
648:
579:
504:
463:
458:
343:
64:
28:
992:
733:
Pine–oak forests in
Coahuila are part of the migration route of monarch butterflies (
601:
573:
496:. On the wetter slopes facing the ocean the most common trees are Mexican pinyon and
390:
220:
179:
893:"Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests". DOPA Explorer. Accessed 4 September 2021.
723:
508:) is more common. The forests are home to a great variety of other flora including
477:
960:
914:
374:
230:
33:
707:
16:
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of Mexico and the United States
628:
430:
398:
386:
378:
280:
240:
632:
394:
315:
255:
429:
that reach westwards across the plateau. The Sierra del
Rosario, west of
402:
366:
250:
205:
808:
Cuenca
Alimentadora del Distrito Nacional de Riego 026 Bajo Río San Juan
747:
32.22% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include
436:
Enclaves of pine–oak forest also occur at the highest elevations of the
210:
680:
672:
640:
362:
319:
225:
174:
509:
323:
245:
71:
812:
Cuenca
Alimentadora del Distrito Nacional de Riego 004 Don Martín
1109:
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests of the United States
453:
397:, the forests become discontinuous, extending as a series of
519:), of which 14 are endemic, and 23 are white oaks (section
595:
are endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental and the northern
631:
from northern Coahuila to the Chisos Mountains in Texas,
611:, reach northern limits of their ranges in the Sierra.
938:
Valencia Avalos, Susana (2010). "Notes on the Genus
796:
Cañón de Santa Elena Flora and Fauna Protection Area
502:, while on the drier western slopes weeping pinyon (
523:), with 5 endemic species. Endemic species include
297:
289:
279:
269:
264:
188:
167:
159:
154:
146:
138:
82:
70:
58:
53:
21:
859:
792:Maderas del Carmen Flora and Fauna Protection Area
800:Sierra de Álvarez Flora and Fauna Protection Area
619:Mammals that inhabit this ecoregion include the
338:range, which runs north and south between the
980:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
829:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
425:, Sierra La Concordia, Sierra de Parras, and
8:
784:Sierra Gorda de Guanajuato Biosphere Reserve
706:) breeds only in the Sierra Madre Oriental.
359:Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests
120:Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests
357:The southernmost forests transition to the
433:, is the westernmost extent of ecoregion.
452:The dominant species are many species of
974:"Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests"
961:"Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests"
915:"Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests"
788:Barranca de Metztitlán Biosphere Reserve
350:to the west. They are also found in the
853:
851:
849:
845:
198:
163:65,600 km (25,300 sq mi)
92:
889:
887:
776:Sierra de Tamaulipas Biosphere Reserve
309:Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests
22:Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests
18:
1104:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
401:through the states of Nuevo León and
77:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
7:
1044:Natural history of Chihuahua (state)
698:) is endemic to this ecoregion. The
313:temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
1079:Natural history of San Luis Potosí
1059:Natural history of Hidalgo (state)
768:Cerro de la Silla Natural Monument
757:Cumbres de Monterrey National Park
14:
972:World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001).
393:, and northern Puebla. North of
42:
27:
1009:Ecoregions of the United States
868:University of California Press
780:Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve
322:, extending into the state of
1:
1084:Natural history of Tamaulipas
1064:Natural history of Nuevo León
599:. Several species, including
512:and traditional food plants.
470:), smooth-bark Mexican pine (
1094:Natural history of Zacatecas
1074:Natural history of Querétaro
1014:Flora of Northeastern Mexico
824:List of ecoregions in Mexico
318:of northeastern and Central
1049:Natural history of Coahuila
978:WildWorld Ecoregion Profile
627:), which migrate along the
1125:
1054:Natural history of Durango
772:El Cielo Biosphere Reserve
760:Los Mármoles National Park
417:region of western Texas.
1069:Natural history of Puebla
944:International Oak Journal
456:including Nelson pinyon (
48:Location of the ecoregion
41:
26:
1089:Natural history of Texas
125:Central Mexican matorral
115:Veracruz montane forests
1019:Flora of Central Mexico
753:El Potosí National Park
130:Meseta Central matorral
967:. World Wildlife Fund.
965:Terrestrial Ecoregions
919:Terrestrial Ecoregions
804:Serranía de Zapalinamé
764:Big Bend National Park
749:El Chico National Park
597:Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
352:Sierra Norte de Puebla
342:to the east along the
326:in the United States.
110:Veracruz moist forests
36:, Puebla state, Mexico
999:Sierra Madre Oriental
921:. World Wildlife Fund
806:ecological reserve,
730:) are also resident.
696:Rhynchopsitta terrisi
692:maroon-fronted parrot
336:Sierra Madre Oriental
1004:Ecoregions of Mexico
442:Sierra de Tamaulipas
438:Sierra de San Carlos
423:Sierra de Zapalinamé
100:Tamaulipan mezquital
1099:Nearctic ecoregions
712:Meleagris gallapavo
704:Vermivora crissalis
637:Odocoileus hemionus
621:American black bear
275:Critical/endangered
271:Conservation status
105:Tamaulipan matorral
34:Pahuatlán del Valle
946:No. 21 Spring 2010
834:Conifers of Mexico
592:Q. pinnativenulosa
499:Juniperus deppeana
405:, and on into the
340:Gulf Coastal Plain
1029:Forests of Mexico
877:978-0-520-26256-0
728:Aquila chrysaetos
716:peregrine falcons
665:white-nosed coati
558:Q. runcinatifolia
554:Q. miquihuanensis
526:Quercus ariifolia
427:Sierra de Jimulco
413:mountains of the
305:
304:
95:Chihuahuan Desert
1116:
1034:Forests of Texas
985:
968:
947:
936:
930:
929:
927:
926:
911:
896:
891:
882:
881:
865:
855:
736:Danaus plexippus
720:Falco peregrinus
657:collared peccary
625:Ursus americanus
487:Quercus castanea
484:), and the oaks
473:P. pseudostrobus
46:
31:
19:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1039:Montane forests
989:
988:
971:
959:
956:
951:
950:
937:
933:
924:
922:
913:
912:
899:
892:
885:
878:
857:
856:
847:
842:
820:
745:
743:Protected areas
653:Tamias dorsalis
617:
586:Quercus germana
450:
383:San Luis Potosí
348:Mexican Plateau
332:
260:
236:San Luis Potosí
197:
196:
184:
134:
91:
90:
49:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Flora of Texas
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
991:
990:
987:
986:
984:on 2010-03-08.
969:
955:
954:External links
952:
949:
948:
931:
897:
883:
876:
844:
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
831:
826:
819:
816:
744:
741:
700:Colima warbler
649:cliff chipmunk
616:
613:
580:Quercus canbyi
568:Q.saltillensis
542:Q. galeanensis
534:Q. flocculenta
505:Pinus pinceana
464:Mexican pinyon
459:Pinus nelsonii
449:
446:
344:Gulf of Mexico
331:
328:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
291:
287:
286:
283:
277:
276:
273:
267:
266:
262:
261:
259:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
194:
193:
192:
190:
186:
185:
183:
182:
177:
171:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
148:
147:Mammal species
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
133:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
88:
87:
86:
84:
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1121:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
983:
979:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
953:
945:
941:
935:
932:
920:
916:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
898:
895:
890:
888:
884:
879:
873:
869:
864:
863:
854:
852:
850:
846:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
742:
740:
738:
737:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
685:Canis latrans
682:
678:
677:Panthera onca
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:Pecari tajacu
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:Puma concolor
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
614:
612:
610:
609:
608:Q. xalapensis
604:
603:
602:Quercus laeta
598:
594:
593:
588:
587:
582:
581:
576:
575:
570:
569:
564:
563:
562:Q. rysophylla
559:
555:
551:
550:Q. hypoxantha
547:
546:Q. hirtifolia
543:
539:
538:Q. furfuracea
535:
531:
530:Q. edwardsiae
527:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
506:
501:
500:
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
474:
469:
468:P. cembroides
465:
461:
460:
455:
447:
445:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
282:
278:
274:
272:
268:
263:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
191:
187:
181:
180:United States
178:
176:
173:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
85:
81:
78:
75:
73:
69:
66:
63:
61:
57:
52:
45:
40:
35:
30:
25:
20:
982:the original
977:
964:
943:
942:in Mexico".
939:
934:
923:. Retrieved
918:
861:
746:
734:
732:
727:
724:golden eagle
719:
711:
708:Wild turkeys
703:
695:
689:
684:
676:
669:Nasua narica
668:
660:
652:
644:
636:
624:
618:
606:
600:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
524:
520:
516:
514:
503:
497:
491:
485:
482:P. arizonica
481:
478:Arizona pine
471:
467:
457:
451:
435:
419:
356:
333:
308:
306:
290:Habitat loss
265:Conservation
139:Bird species
399:sky islands
361:in central
993:Categories
925:2012-10-29
840:References
629:Rio Grande
493:Q. affinis
391:Nuevo León
387:Tamaulipas
379:Guanajuato
346:, and the
281:Global 200
241:Tamaulipas
221:Nuevo León
633:mule deer
395:Monterrey
375:Querétaro
316:ecoregion
298:Protected
256:Zacatecas
231:Querétaro
201:Chihuahua
168:Countries
155:Geography
818:See also
574:Q. verde
415:Big Bend
403:Coahuila
367:Veracruz
251:Veracruz
206:Coahuila
65:Nearctic
940:Quercus
521:Quercus
517:Lobatae
476:), and
431:Torreón
371:Hidalgo
330:Setting
293:7.6452%
216:Hidalgo
211:Durango
83:Borders
54:Ecology
874:
810:, and
722:) and
681:coyote
679:) and
673:jaguar
641:cougar
571:, and
407:Chisos
363:Puebla
320:Mexico
311:are a
301:32.22%
226:Puebla
189:States
175:Mexico
615:Fauna
510:agave
448:Flora
411:Davis
324:Texas
246:Texas
72:Biome
60:Realm
872:ISBN
690:The
605:and
589:and
490:and
454:pine
440:and
409:and
307:The
195:List
160:Area
89:List
739:).
714:),
687:).
671:),
663:),
655:),
647:),
639:),
556:,
462:),
285:Yes
150:169
142:336
995::
976:.
963:.
917:.
900:^
886:^
870:.
866:.
848:^
814:.
802:,
798:,
794:,
790:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
774:,
770:,
766:,
762:,
755:,
751:,
577:.
565:,
560:,
552:,
548:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
528:,
389:,
385:,
381:,
377:,
373:,
369:,
928:.
880:.
726:(
718:(
710:(
702:(
694:(
683:(
675:(
667:(
659:(
651:(
643:(
635:(
623:(
480:(
466:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
