810:
423:
90:
48:
1676:
102:
299:
604:, in some cases through attraction and in other cases through intimidation, between 1812 and 1833. By 1815 they represented 14% of the Indian people at that mission, and by 1830 they had reached 42% of the mission's population. In 1834 and 1835, hundreds of Plains Miwok survivors of the Central Valley's 1833
466:
Classical anthropologists recorded a number of specific Plains Miwok villages, but it remained for work by
Bennyhoff in the 1950s and 1960s to recognize multi-village territorial local tribes as the signature land-use organization of the Plains Miwok. The published specific village locations were:
787:
Akutanuka (northwest), Hangwite (South Fork), Kawinucha (North Fork), Kewe-no, Loyowisa (near the junction of Middle and South Forks), Oloikoto, Sutamasina (South Fork), Takema (Middle Fork), Tipotoya, Tulana-chi, Tulsuna (between the South and Middle Forks), Tuyiwu-nu, Wokachet (South Fork),
970:
estimated there to be 9,000 Plains and Sierra Miwok combined in 1770, but this is an arguably low estimate. Richard Levy estimated there were 17,800. In 1848 their population was estimated at 6,000, in 1852 at 4,500, in 1880 at 100, and in 1910 the population was estimated at 670.
875:
Miwoks occupied the lower western foothills of the
Sierras and entered from the west. Disputes between the two tribes were violent, and the residents of the valley, in defense of their territory, were considered to be among the most aggressive of any tribes in the area.
883:, the neighboring Southern Sierra Miwok tribe referred to the Yosemite Valley residents as "killers". It is from this reference and a confusion over the word for "grizzly bear" that Bunnell named the valley Yosemite. The native residents called the valley
774:
Akankau-nchi (1), Kuluti. Also in this vicinity: Hunga, Kapanina, Chakachi-no, Akankau-nchi (2), Kesa, Kotoplana, Olaw_ye, Pokto-no, Pota, Siksike-no, Sopka-su, Suchumumu, Sukanola, Sukwela, Telese-no, Tel'ula, Tunuk-chi,
887:. Today, there is some debate about the original meaning of the word, since the Southern Miwok language is virtually extinct, but recent Southern Miwok speakers defined it as "place like a gaping mouth." Those living in
1487:
794:
Akawila (between a branch of
Tuolumne and Stanislaus rivers), Hechhechi (at headwaters), Hochhochmeti, Kulamu, Pangasema-nu (northern), Pasi-nu (southeast of Sonora), Pigliku (southern), Singawu-nu, Sala
619:
played the local groups off against one another in order to gain control of the lower
Sacramento Valley. Other Plains Miwok families remained in the San Francisco Bay area, intermarried with
1664:
346:
intervention with the spirit world, and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms. Kuksu was shared with other indigenous ethnic groups of
Central California, such as the
1507:
2035:
1497:
406:
is similar to other natives of
Central and Northern California. The Plains and Sierra Miwok believe in animal and human spirits, and see the animal spirits as their ancestors.
2085:
1527:
959:, the residents were of both Paiute-Mono and Miwok origin. They had either fought to a stalemate or agreed to peaceful coexistence and had intermixed to a limited extent.
2080:
338:
that was evident in
Central and Northern California, which included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual morning ceremony, puberty
2070:
2065:
2055:
2090:
1657:
1611:
379:
2075:
2060:
1642:
388:
from the Plains and Sierra Miwok is one of the most extensive in the state. These groups participate in the general cultural pattern of
Central California.
2095:
940:
Alaula-chi, Angisawepa, Awal, Hikena, Kakahula-chi, Kitiwana, Kuyuka-chi, Owelinhatihu, Palachan, Sayangasi, Siso-chi, Sope-nchi, Sotpok, WilitoYawoka-chi
2030:
385:
1315:
4:#6. Berkeley, sections titled "Shamanism", "Public
Ceremonies", "Ceremonial Structures and Paraphernalia", and "Mythology and Beliefs"; available at
2025:
1650:
430:
There were four definite regional and linguistic sub-divisions: Plains Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Central Sierra Miwok, and
Southern Sierra Miwok.
662:
644:
1034:
Kroeber, 1907, Vol. 4 #6, sections titled "Shamanism", "Public Ceremonies", "Ceremonial Structures and Paraphernalia", and "Mythology and Beliefs".
615:
were secularized (closed as religious and agricultural communes). Many Plains Miwoks moved back to their home areas, where between 1839 and 1841
608:
epidemic were baptized at Mission San José. By the end of 1835, Plains Miwok was the native language of 60% of the Indian people at the mission.
231:
2050:
809:
1532:
1512:
1364:
370:" in the Miwok, which he termed one of the "southern Kuksu-dancing groups", in comparison to the Maidu and other northern California tribes.
788:
Wolanga-su (south of the junction between the South and Middle Forks), Wtiyu Yungakatok (near the junction of the North and Middle Forks)
60:. The material came from lumbering operations of 19th century miners. Previously the Miwok lived in rounded huts made of brush and mud.
1601:
1606:
1349:
1301:
422:
2020:
1680:
1448:
601:
438:
The Plains Miwok inhabited a portion of the Central Valley's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and adjacent plains in modern southern
188:
1046:
2105:
1567:
1537:
1436:
1061:
Kroeber, 1925, page 445. "A less specialized type of cosmogony is therefore indicated for the southern Kuksu-dancing groups. ".
868:
1542:
1262:
830:
612:
134:
1502:
1751:
950:
227:
2045:
1585:
2040:
1517:
1576:
277:
116:
1151:
1572:
1563:
262:
956:
880:
849:
522:
800:
Alakani (east), Kosoimuno-nu (towards Stanislaus River), Sasamu (almost due east), Shulaputi (southeast)
2100:
632:
451:
272:
257:
28:
1399:
426:
Map of the territory and villages (not exhaustive) of the Plains and Sierra Miwok (after Kroeber 1925).
1277:
1273:. Center for Archaeological Research at Davis Publication Number 5. University of California at Davis.
1389:
837:
496:
Among the important landholding local tribes at the time of Spanish colonization in California were:
207:
112:
1394:
1252:
1429:
1344:. William C. Sturtevant, and Robert F. Heizer, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978.
1248:
1138:
666:
1239:
1166:
845:
447:
407:
282:
203:
318:, and lived in small local tribes, without centralized political authority. They are skilled at
1522:
1360:
1345:
1297:
967:
439:
267:
199:
1731:
1621:
1547:
1016:
822:
744:
339:
287:
250:
249:
In the present day, many Sierra Miwok live in or close to their traditional territories and
243:
1865:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1050:
860:
841:
756:
670:
658:
654:
600:
The majority of the members of the Plains Miwok local tribes moved to colonial Franciscan
455:
397:
315:
307:
239:
150:
128:
57:
1414:
724:
Ktiniisti, Uptistini, Penken-sii (inland south of river), Sopochi (towards Jackson Creek)
218:
The Plains and Sierra Miwok traditionally lived in the western Sierra Nevada between the
47:
1944:
1911:
1736:
1422:
955:
After Euro-Americans entered Yosemite Valley and the adjacent Sierras, and established
904:
826:
748:
650:
335:
223:
146:
1384:
2014:
1964:
1916:
1844:
1581:
1043:
984:
443:
95:
1838:
1715:
1404:
1258:
818:
219:
191:
163:
813:
Miwok-Paiute ceremony in 1872 at current site of Yosemite Lodge in Yosemite Valley
298:
1994:
1984:
1849:
1762:
1741:
1701:
1467:
980:
903:, and similar variants), meaning "people who live in awahni". The naming of the
900:
616:
411:
347:
303:
167:
1869:
1817:
1812:
1726:
1696:
1675:
1472:
1279:
Discovery of the Yosemite, and the Indian war of 1851, which led to that event
856:
235:
195:
171:
107:
1330:
730:
Chakane-sii?, Seweu-sii, Tumuti (on the headwaters), Yuloni, on Jackson Creek
1979:
1883:
1833:
1796:
1711:
1462:
892:
864:
573:
at Jenny Lind on the Calaveras River (intermediate to Northern Sierra Miwok)
403:
367:
175:
17:
1746:
1405:
Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770
1313:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
591:
at Yolano on the west side of the Sacramento River (northwest of Freeport)
555:
at Andrus Island at the confluence of the Mokelumne and San Joaquin rivers
1928:
1922:
1806:
1791:
1721:
1706:
1691:
1316:
343:
1954:
1906:
1900:
1860:
1855:
1827:
1775:
1771:
1757:
605:
567:
at Grand Island among the distributary channels of the Sacramento River
474:
Chuyumkatat, Lulimal, Mayeman, Mokos-unni, Sukididi, Supu, Tukui, Yomit
359:
1296:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1976.
1257:. University of California publications in linguistics. Vol. 38.
1989:
1938:
1933:
1890:
1875:
628:
624:
620:
363:
355:
331:
319:
781:
Humata, Katuka, Newichu (between Stanislaus River and a head branch)
1289:. University of California Publications in Linguistics, Volume 105.
1282:, 3d ed. New York City and Chicago, IL: F. H. Revell Company, 1892.
1999:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1822:
1786:
1781:
1445:
896:
808:
585:
at Thornton at the confluence of the Cosumnes and Mokelumne rivers
421:
351:
297:
1294:
The Conflict Between the California Indian and White Civilization
1895:
1801:
1767:
330:
The original Plains and Sierra Miwok people world view included
1646:
1418:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1400:
Access Genealogy: Indian Tribal records, Miwok Indian Tribe
133:
Plains Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Central Sierra Miwok,
1020:
San Diego State University Library and Information Access.
718:
Noma (South Fork), Omo (South Fork), Yule (south of river)
515:
at Liberty Island on the west side of the Sacramento River
1385:
Online books about the Ahwahneechee/Southern Sierra Miwok
1342:
Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8 (California)
1156:. University of California. Berkeley PhD dissertation.
915:
The authenticated Southern Sierra Miwok villages are:
681:
The authenticated Northern Sierra Miwok villages are:
669:. They spoke Northern Sierra Miwok, a language in the
486:
on the east bank of Sacramento River below Sacramento:
767:
The authenticated Central Sierra Miwok villages are:
561:
at Courtland on the east side of the Sacramento River
503:
at Rio Vista on the west side of the Sacramento River
817:
The Southern Miwok inhabited the lower banks of the
1594:
1556:
1486:
1455:
1017:"California Indians and Their Reservations: Miwok."
156:
140:
122:
81:
65:
531:at Freeport on both sides of the Sacramento River
661:. One settlement site is within the present day
867:Basin, and entered Yosemite from the east. The
34:Largest group of California Indian Miwok people
1329:No. 78. (Chapter 30, The Miwok); available at
863:) occupied the higher eastern Sierras and the
579:probably on Dry and Laguna creeks east of Galt
380:Plains and Sierra Miwok traditional narratives
366:. However, Kroeber observed less "specialized
1658:
1430:
710:Between Calaveras River and Mokelumne Rivers:
8:
2036:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
833:, a language in the Utian linguistic group.
306:Native American artist Lucy Telles from the
40:
1030:
1028:
1665:
1651:
1643:
1437:
1423:
1415:
454:, a language of the Miwokan branch of the
46:
39:
2086:History of San Joaquin County, California
1508:Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians
1309:The Religion of the Indians of California
1185:
1183:
537:at Terminous on the Mokelumne River delta
198:. Their homeland included regions of the
2081:History of Sacramento County, California
1044:The Kuksu Cult paraphrased from Kroeber.
663:Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park
645:Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park
2071:History of El Dorado County, California
2066:History of Calaveras County, California
1498:Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians
996:
649:The Northern Miwok inhabited the upper
2091:History of Tuolumne County, California
743:inhabited the upper watersheds of the
484:Lel-amni, Mokel(-unni), Sakayak-unni;
1533:Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians
1513:Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria
1371:The Languages of Native North America
1327:Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin
1323:Handbook of the Indians of California
314:The Plains and Sierra Miwok lived by
7:
2076:History of Placer County, California
2061:History of Amador County, California
1754:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
1528:Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians
1359:. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press.
1357:Native Americans at Mission San Jose
1079:Callaghan 1984; Mithun 1999:535-538.
386:myths, legends, tales, and histories
82:Regions with significant populations
926:On the Chowchilla River headwaters:
322:and continue the traditions today.
2096:History of Yolo County, California
2056:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
1271:Ethnogeography of the Plains Miwok
1254:The Southern Sierra Miwok Language
879:When encountered by immigrants of
704:On the Calaveras River Headwaters:
543:at Clements on the Mokelumne River
232:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
25:
2031:History of the San Joaquin Valley
907:was derived from the Miwok word.
631:peoples, and found work on local
509:at Bellota on the Calaveras River
2026:Indigenous peoples of California
1681:Indigenous peoples of California
1674:
1449:indigenous peoples of California
1395:Southern Sierra Miwok Dictionary
975:Notable Plains and Sierra Miwoks
871:name for the Southern Miwok was
836:The Merced River flows from the
100:
88:
1538:Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians
1390:Central Sierra Miwok Dictionary
1352:/ 0160045754, pp. 398–413.
1097:Kroeber 1925:444-445, Plate 37.
187:were once the largest group of
1852:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
1543:United Auburn Indian Community
1373:. University Press, Cambridge.
1285:Callaghan, Catherine A. 1984.
1263:University of California Press
549:at Ione on the Mokelumne River
410:is seen as their ancestor and
41:Plains and Sierra Miwok People
1:
2051:Sierra Nevada (United States)
1503:California Valley Miwok Tribe
1167:"Origin of the word Yosemite"
1022:2011 . Retrieved 28 May 2012.
798:Near present-day San Andreas:
334:. One form this took was the
230:. As well as in the northern
1612:Plains and Sierra narratives
1169:. Yosemite.ca.us. 2011-07-10
951:History of the Yosemite area
706:Kechenti, Kaitimii, Mona-sti
228:Central Valley of California
1241:Origin of the word Yosemite
1129:Kroeber 1925:445, Plate 37.
987:, based in Yosemite Valley.
686:At present-day San Andreas:
2122:
1518:Ione Band of Miwok Indians
1269:Bennyhoff, James A. 1977.
1244:. Retrieved on 2006-08-01.
1225:Cook, 1976, pages 236-245.
948:
920:Near present-day Mariposa:
712:Apautawilti, Heina, Ketina
642:
611:Between 1834 and 1838 the
395:
377:
52:A Sierra Miwok cedar bark
26:
1687:
1355:Milliken, Randall. 2008.
1321:Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925.
1307:Kroeber, Alfred L. 1907.
1070:Clark 1910, Gifford 1917.
1049:October 11, 2006, at the
698:Near present-day Jackson:
462:Villages and local tribes
278:Shingle Springs Rancheria
161:
145:
127:
86:
70:
45:
1369:Mithun, Marianne. 1999.
1276:Bunnell, Dr. Lafayette.
785:On the Stanislaus River:
613:Alta California missions
478:Near the Cosumnes River:
302:A basket woven by Miwok-
2021:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1950:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1809:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
1331:Yosemite Online Library
1287:Plains Miwok Dictionary
779:On the Calaveras River:
722:On the Mokelumne River.
692:At present-day Jackson:
482:on the Mokelumne River:
263:Chicken Ranch Rancheria
238:of the Cosumnes River,
185:Plains and Sierra Miwok
2106:Yosemite National Park
1150:Sydney M. Lamb. 1957.
957:Yosemite National Park
848:near present-day near
814:
792:On the Tuolumne River:
772:At present-day Sonora:
716:On the Cosumnes River:
523:Wilton Rancheria Miwok
472:On the Cosumnes River:
427:
374:Traditional narratives
311:
56:cabin reproduction in
27:For the language, see
1919:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1752:Eel River Athapaskans
1617:Hunting and gathering
1336:Levy, Richard. 1978.
1216:Levy, 1978, page 401.
831:Southern Sierra Miwok
812:
805:Southern Sierra Miwok
639:Northern Sierra Miwok
525:on the Cosumnes River
425:
316:hunting and gathering
301:
273:Sheep Ranch Rancheria
258:Buena Vista Rancheria
157:Related ethnic groups
135:Southern Sierra Miwok
29:Sierra Miwok language
1488:Federally recognized
1007:17(2):13 (June 1993)
945:Post-contact history
938:On the Merced River:
932:On the Fresno River:
755:, a language in the
753:Central Sierra Miwok
741:Central Sierra Miwok
735:Central Sierra Miwok
596:Post-contact history
1568:Contra Costa County
1409:(map after Kroeber)
1325:. Washington, D.C:
1317:Sacred Texts Online
1005:Museum Anthropology
922:Kasumati, Nochu-chi
859:people (considered
362:, and northernmost
42:
2046:San Joaquin Valley
1249:Broadbent, Sylvia.
1238:Anderson, Daniel.
891:were known as the
846:San Joaquin Valley
815:
759:linguistic group.
673:linguistic group.
448:San Joaquin County
428:
312:
283:Tuolumne Rancheria
204:San Joaquin Valley
71:1770: 9,000-17,800
2041:Sacramento Valley
2008:
2007:
1640:
1639:
1557:Regions inhabited
1523:Jackson Rancheria
1478:Plains and Sierra
1365:978-0-87919-147-4
1292:Cook, Sherburne.
968:Alfred L. Kroeber
911:Historic villages
763:Historic villages
728:On Jackson Creek:
677:Historic villages
490:on Jackson Creek:
458:language family.
440:Sacramento County
268:Jackson Rancheria
251:Indian rancherias
226:, in the eastern
200:Sacramento Valley
189:California Indian
181:
180:
16:(Redirected from
2113:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1602:Coast narratives
1548:Wilton Rancheria
1439:
1432:
1425:
1416:
1266:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1008:
1001:
881:European descent
823:Chowchilla River
745:Stanislaus River
602:Mission San José
480:Umucha, Yumhui;
340:rites of passage
288:Wilton Rancheria
253:, including at:
244:Sacramento River
194:, Indigenous to
106:
104:
103:
94:
92:
91:
66:Total population
50:
43:
21:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1866:Northern Paiute
1683:
1673:
1671:
1641:
1636:
1607:Lake narratives
1590:
1552:
1489:
1482:
1451:
1443:
1381:
1376:
1247:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:Anderson, 2005.
1197:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1051:Wayback Machine
1042:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1015:
1011:
1003:Craig D. Bates
1002:
998:
994:
977:
965:
953:
947:
934:Wasema, Wehilto
913:
861:Northern Paiute
844:, and into the
842:Yosemite Valley
807:
765:
737:
679:
659:Calaveras River
655:Mokelumne River
647:
641:
633:Mexican ranchos
598:
464:
446:, and northern
436:
420:
400:
398:Miwok mythology
394:
382:
376:
328:
308:Yosemite Valley
296:
240:Mokelumne River
216:
149:
132:
111:
101:
99:
89:
87:
76:
74:
72:
61:
58:Yosemite Valley
38:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Kuksu religion
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1586:Central Valley
1579:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
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1397:
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1379:External links
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909:
905:Ahwahnee Hotel
895:(also spelled
827:Mariposa Creek
806:
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764:
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749:Tuolumne River
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336:Kuksu religion
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234:region at the
224:Cosumnes River
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151:Miwok religion
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117:Central Valley
84:
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1582:Sierra Nevada
1580:
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1577:Sonoma County
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1456:Ethnic groups
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1350:0-16-004578-9
1347:
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1338:Eastern Miwok
1335:
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1302:0-520-03143-1
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1189:Bunnel, 1892.
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1115:Milliken 2008
1112:
1109:
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1094:
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1088:Merriam 1907.
1085:
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986:
985:basket weaver
982:
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928:Nowach, Olwia
927:
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829:. They spoke
828:
825:, as well as
824:
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790:
786:
783:
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751:. They spoke
750:
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453:
450:. They spoke
449:
445:
444:Solano County
441:
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417:
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245:
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237:
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213:
211:
209:
208:Sierra Nevada
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Miwok peoples
160:
155:
152:
148:
144:
139:
136:
130:
126:
121:
118:
114:
113:Sierra Nevada
109:
97:
96:United States
85:
80:
69:
64:
59:
55:
49:
44:
30:
19:
2101:Merced River
1949:
1941:(Gabrieliño)
1925:(Fernandeño)
1830:(Bear River)
1573:Marin County
1477:
1408:
1370:
1356:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1308:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1259:Berkeley, CA
1253:
1240:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1171:. Retrieved
1161:
1153:Mono Grammar
1152:
1146:
1134:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1039:
1019:
1012:
1004:
999:
966:
954:
937:
931:
925:
919:
914:
888:
884:
878:
873:qohsoo?moho.
872:
854:
838:High Sierras
835:
819:Merced River
816:
797:
791:
784:
778:
771:
766:
752:
740:
738:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
680:
648:
610:
599:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
518:
512:
506:
500:
495:
489:
485:
481:
477:
471:
465:
452:Plains Miwok
437:
434:Plains Miwok
429:
401:
383:
329:
313:
248:
220:Fresno River
217:
192:Miwok people
184:
182:
53:
37:Ethnic group
18:Sierra Miwok
1945:TĂĽbatulabal
1763:Halchidhoma
1742:Coast Miwok
1702:Ahwahnechee
1564:Lake County
981:Lucy Telles
901:Ahwahnechee
617:John Sutter
488:Hulpu-mni;
412:creator god
304:Mono Paiute
236:confluences
168:Coast Miwok
73:1848: 6,000
2015:Categories
1870:Kucadikadi
1813:Lake Miwok
1727:Chemehuevi
1697:Acjachemen
1232:References
1173:2013-02-15
963:Population
949:See also:
857:Mono tribe
850:Livingston
840:, through
651:watersheds
643:See also:
547:Muquelemne
529:Gualacomne
442:, eastern
206:, and the
196:California
172:Lake Miwok
108:California
1980:Wukchumni
1884:Ramaytush
1880:Costanoan
1841:(Klamath)
1834:Mechoopda
1797:Kitanemuk
1732:Chimariko
1712:Bay Miwok
1632:Languages
1627:Cosmology
1139:Broadbent
983:— master
893:Awahnichi
865:Mono Lake
775:Waka-che.
694:Tukupe-su
577:Sonolomne
565:Quenemsia
559:Ochejamne
535:Guaypemne
492:Ochech-ak
418:Divisions
404:mythology
392:Mythology
368:cosmogony
332:Shamanism
214:Geography
176:Bay Miwok
123:Languages
77:1910: 670
75:1880: 100
1929:Timbisha
1923:Tataviam
1807:Kumeyaay
1792:Kawaiisu
1722:Cahuilla
1707:Atsugewi
1692:Achomawi
1251:(1964).
1047:Archived
821:and the
747:and the
688:Huta-sil
657:and the
583:Unizumne
513:Chucumne
507:Chilamne
501:Anizumne
344:shamanic
326:Religion
320:basketry
141:Religion
1955:Vanyume
1912:Serrano
1907:Salinan
1901:Quechan
1861:Nomlaki
1856:Nisenan
1828:Mattole
1818:Luiseño
1776:Whilkut
1772:Chilula
1758:Esselen
1737:Chumash
1595:Culture
1207:Kroeber
1141:, 1964.
700:Pola-su
667:Volcano
653:of the
606:malaria
571:Seuamne
553:Musupum
541:Lelamne
521:at the
519:Cosomne
360:Esselen
294:Culture
54:umuucha
1990:Yokuts
1965:Washoe
1939:Tongva
1934:Tolowa
1917:Shasta
1903:(Yuma)
1891:Patwin
1876:Ohlone
1845:Mohave
1747:Cupeño
1716:Saklan
1490:tribes
1363:
1348:
1300:
889:awahni
885:awahni
629:Yokuts
627:, and
625:Patwin
621:Ohlone
589:Ilamne
408:Coyote
402:Miwok
364:Yokuts
356:Ohlone
310:region
242:, and
174:, and
162:Other
105:
93:
2000:Yurok
1975:Wiyot
1970:Wintu
1960:Wappo
1839:Modoc
1823:Maidu
1787:Cahto
1782:Karuk
1468:Coast
1446:Miwok
1340:, in
992:Notes
897:Awani
757:Utian
671:Utian
665:near
456:Utian
352:Maidu
147:Kuksu
129:Utian
1995:Yuki
1985:Yana
1896:Pomo
1850:Mono
1802:Kizh
1768:Hupa
1473:Lake
1361:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1298:ISBN
869:Mono
855:The
739:The
348:Pomo
222:and
183:The
1463:Bay
110:):
2017::
1774:,
1584:/
1575:/
1566:/
1407:—
1311:,
1261::
1182:^
1120:^
1027:^
899:,
852:.
635:.
623:,
414:.
358:,
354:,
350:,
342:,
246:.
210:.
202:,
170:,
166::
115:,
1872:)
1868:(
1778:)
1770:(
1718:)
1714:(
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
1438:e
1431:t
1424:v
1411:.
1333:.
1304:.
1265:.
1176:.
131::
98:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
