29:
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bases and contain low, dense, species-poor vegetation cover known as elfin or pigmy forest. A research study found that between 1936 and 1988, there were 46 landslides associated with heavy rain in the upper regions of the mountains, and these created gaps that allowed the seeds of pioneering tree
320:
rocks. Nine rivers have their sources in the mountains, flowing downward through steep, rocky and boulder-strewed channels before reach the coastal plains. Easterly winds off the
Atlantic Ocean rise and cool as they pass over the mountains, and the ensuing heavy precipitation brings an annual
405:. About 240 species of native tree have been recorded in the forest, 88 species being considered rare and about 25 species being found nowhere else in the world. There are about 150 species of fern, and on the trees grow many
324:
The Sierra de
Luquillo consists of a series of summits linked by a horseshoe-shaped ridge. Running from west to east, some of the peaks include El Toro, El Cacique and El Yunque, joined by a ridge known as
639:
530:
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rainfall of 5,000 mm (200 in) on the ridge. The lower slopes are less wet, but the summits are immersed in clouds most of the year.
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inhabits the lower slopes of the mountains, about 14 species of lizard are found in the forest and 13 species of small tree frogs known as
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is occasionally considered to be different from the rest of the central mountain range, as it is separated from it by the
934:
835:
Guariguata, M.R. (1990). "Landslide disturbance and forest regeneration in the Upper
Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico".
990:
985:
341:
222:
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66:
49:
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Some 127 species of terrestrial vertebrate have been recorded in the forest, including some rarities and some species
374:
716:
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206:
402:
230:
273:
558:
445:
190:
470:
870:
659:"Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications"
531:"Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications"
347:
226:
33:
478:, than it does after human activities such as logging, charcoal burning, coffee production or agriculture.
214:
670:
654:
451:
289:
210:
486:
901:
852:
439:
802:
Weaver, Peter L. (1995). "The
Colorado and Dwarf Forests of Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains".
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233:, the Sierra de Luquillo is a popular destination among domestic and foreign tourists.
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to proliferate. The forest recovers more quickly after a natural disaster, such as a
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Harris, N.L.; Lugo, A.E.; Brown, S.; Heartsill
Scalley, T. (Eds.) (May 2012).
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some 37 to 28 million years ago, the island being on the junction between the
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are both very rare. Many birds visit the island during their annual
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is critically endangered with fewer than 100 left in the wild. The
778:
Terrestrial
Ecoregions of North America: a Conservation Assessment
608:"Luquillo Experimental Forest: Research History and Opportunities"
388:
317:
337:
The highest summits of the Sierra de
Luquillo are the following:
205:, it is concentrated from west to east in the municipalities of
179:
260:, the Luquillo mountain range is one of three subranges of the
264:. However, although a subrange of the Cordillera Central, the
903:
La sierra de
Luquillo: los recursos forestales y su historia
653:
Murphy, Sheila F.; Stallard, Robert F.; Scholl, Martha A.;
225:
at 3,526 ft. (1,075 m), and its most recognizable peak is
806:. Ecological Studies. Vol. 112. pp. 109–141.
284:
The mountains of the Sierra de
Luquillo were formed by
178:(English: "Luquillo Mountains") is a steep-sided, high-
871:"Natural Resources: Endangered and Threatened Species"
585:"Northeastern Puerto Rico and the Luquillo Mountains"
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119:
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413:. Common trees of the Sierra de Luquillo include
217:in the northeastern region of the island. The
8:
775:Olson, D. (1999). Taylor H. Ricketts (ed.).
638:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
244:with the Sierra de Luquillo in the northeast
229:at 3,461 ft. (1,054 m). As the location of
18:
692:
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804:Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology
587:. The Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory
235:
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468:species to germinate and ferns such as
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717:"Puerto Rico mountains list | peakery"
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329:to Pico del Oeste and Pico del Este.
182:, and deeply-forested subrange of the
727:from the original on 8 September 2021
7:
359:Pico del Oeste - 3,339 ft. (1,017 m)
657:; Torres-Sánchez, Angel J. (2017).
365:Roca El Yunque - 3,270 ft. (996 m)
197:. Separated from the southeastern
14:
750:"Land & Resources Management"
559:"Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico"
380:Cerro La Mina - 2,919 ft. (889 m)
1016:Mountain ranges of the Caribbean
928:
909:. U.S. Department of Agriculture
620:from the original on 30 May 2017
409:, including about 50 species of
362:El Cacique - 3,326 ft. (1,013 m)
27:
16:Mountain subrange in Puerto Rico
513:and are endemic to the island.
495:Puerto Rican sharp-shinned hawk
397:The mountains are covered with
951:Mountain ranges of Puerto Rico
491:Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk
1:
781:. Island Press. p. 152.
684:10.1371/journal.pone.0180987
459:of the highest peaks. These
393:El Yunque from Torre Britton
61:3,526 ft (1,075 m)
812:10.1007/978-1-4612-2498-3_5
613:. USDA, US Forest Service.
1032:
296:. The main rock types are
981:Fajardo metropolitan area
900:Weaver, Peter L. (2012).
875:El Yunque National Forest
754:El Yunque National Forest
403:El Yunque National Forest
231:El Yunque National Forest
221:of the mountain range is
26:
996:Las Piedras, Puerto Rico
956:Geography of Puerto Rico
471:Dicranopteris pectitnata
446:Brunellia comocladifolia
308:, with some outcrops of
304:and contact metamorphic
1011:Río Grande, Puerto Rico
565:. NASA. 4 February 2008
961:Canóvanas, Puerto Rico
394:
245:
1001:Luquillo, Puerto Rico
966:Carolina, Puerto Rico
392:
356:- 3,408 ft. (1,038 m)
350:- 3,461 ft. (1,054 m)
344:- 3,526 ft. (1,075 m)
240:Topographical map of
239:
143:18.30083°N 65.79333°W
89:18.27222°N 65.82917°W
1006:Naguabo, Puerto Rico
976:Fajardo, Puerto Rico
937:at Wikimedia Commons
485:to Puerto Rico. The
452:Podocarpus coriaceus
401:, much of it in the
290:North American Plate
991:Juncos, Puerto Rico
986:Gurabo, Puerto Rico
675:2017PLoSO..1280987M
487:Puerto Rican amazon
377:- 3,011 ft. (917 m)
371:- 3,041 ft. (926 m)
274:Rio Grande de Loíza
148:18.30083; -65.79333
139: /
94:18.27222; -65.82917
85: /
971:Ceiba, Puerto Rico
935:Sierra de Luquillo
837:Journal of Ecology
655:González, Grizelle
440:Weinmannia pinnata
395:
266:Sierra de Luquillo
262:Cordillera Central
254:Cordillera Central
246:
184:Cordillera Central
176:Sierra de Luquillo
167:Cordillera Central
41:Highest point
22:Sierra de Luquillo
933:Media related to
821:978-1-4612-2498-3
788:978-1-55963-722-0
563:Earth Observatory
455:are found in the
327:Cuchilla el Duque
298:pyroclastic rocks
286:tectonic activity
252:main subrange of
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121:Range coordinates
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428:Cecropia peltata
422:Prestoea montana
201:subrange by the
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416:Cyathea arborea
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385:Flora and fauna
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294:Caribbean Plate
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258:Sierra de Cayey
248:Along with the
199:Sierra de Cayey
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270:Caguas Valley
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911:. Retrieved
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538:. Retrieved
535:ResearchGate
534:
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509:live in the
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369:Los Picachos
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161:Parent range
731:8 September
721:peakery.com
540:3 September
242:Puerto Rico
195:Puerto Rico
191:main island
146: /
114:Puerto Rico
92: /
67:Coordinates
945:Categories
517:References
499:migrations
399:rainforest
207:Rio Grande
134:65°47′36″W
80:65°49′45″W
77:18°16′20″N
913:3 January
407:epiphytes
348:El Yunque
333:Mountains
280:Geography
250:eponymous
227:El Yunque
131:18°18′3″N
105:Geography
57:Elevation
34:El Yunque
881:27 March
760:27 March
725:Archived
703:28686734
663:PLOS ONE
634:cite web
624:27 March
615:Archived
591:27 March
569:27 March
310:alluvium
306:hornfels
292:and the
272:and the
256:and the
215:Luquillo
110:Location
857:2260901
694:5501619
671:Bibcode
483:endemic
342:El Toro
276:basin.
223:El Toro
211:Naguabo
189:in the
50:El Toro
877:. USDA
855:
818:
785:
756:. USDA
701:
691:
511:canopy
501:. The
449:, and
434:Ocotea
431:, and
411:orchid
314:basalt
219:summit
213:, and
907:(PDF)
853:JSTOR
618:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
507:coquí
318:mafic
915:2023
883:2019
816:ISBN
783:ISBN
762:2019
733:2021
699:PMID
640:link
626:2019
593:2019
571:2019
542:2024
493:and
316:and
174:The
46:Peak
845:doi
808:doi
689:PMC
679:doi
193:of
947::
873:.
851:.
841:78
839:.
814:.
752:.
741:^
723:.
719:.
697:.
687:.
677:.
667:12
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661:.
636:}}
632:{{
561:.
550:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
