656:
free rotations and interact with the openings in the mesh of the sieve when they fall back. If the particles are smaller than the openings, they pass through the sieve. If they are larger, they are thrown. The rotating motion while suspended increases the probability that the particles present a different orientation to the mesh when they fall back again, and thus might eventually pass through the mesh. Modern sieve shakers work with an electro-magnetic drive which moves a spring-mass system and transfers the resulting oscillation to the sieve stack. Amplitude and sieving time are set digitally and are continuously observed by an integrated control-unit. Therefore, sieving results are reproducible and precise (an important precondition for a significant analysis). Adjustment of parameters like amplitude and sieving time serves to optimize the sieving for different types of material. This method is the most common in the laboratory sector.
889:< 45 μm) – in a dry sieving process this tendency would lead to a clogging of the sieve meshes and this would make a further sieving process impossible. A wet sieving process is set up like a dry process: the sieve stack is clamped onto the sieve shaker and the sample is placed on the top sieve. Above the top sieve a water-spray nozzle is placed which supports the sieving process additionally to the sieving motion. The rinsing is carried out until the liquid which is discharged through the receiver is clear. Sample residues on the sieves have to be dried and weighed. When it comes to wet sieving it is very important not to change the sample in its volume (no swelling, dissolving or reaction with the liquid).
964:
industrial vacuum cleaner which is connected to the chamber. The vacuum cleaner generates a vacuum inside the sieving chamber and sucks in fresh air through the slotted nozzle. When passing the narrow slit of the nozzle the air stream is accelerated and blown against the sieve mesh, dispersing the particles. Above the mesh, the air jet is distributed over the complete sieve surface and is sucked in with low speed through the sieve mesh. Thus the finer particles are transported through the mesh openings into the vacuum cleaner.
1128:
workable, stable mix with resistance to water is important. With an open gradation, the bulk density is relatively low, due to the lack of fine particles, the physical stability is moderate, and the permeability is quite high. With a rich gradation, the bulk density will also be low, the physical stability is low, and the permeability is also low. The gradation can be affected to achieve the desired properties for the particular engineering application.
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increase as the particle size decreases. Wet sieve analysis can be utilized where the material analyzed is not affected by the liquid - except to disperse it. Suspending the particles in a suitable liquid transports fine material through the sieve much more efficiently than shaking the dry material.
1118:
Sieve analysis assumes that all particle will be round (spherical) or nearly so and will pass through the square openings when the particle diameter is less than the size of the square opening in the screen. For elongated and flat particles a sieve analysis will not yield reliable mass-based results,
730:
In horizontal sieve shaker the sieve stack moves in horizontal circles in a plane. Horizontal sieve shakers are preferably used for needle-shaped, flat, long or fibrous samples, as their horizontal orientation means that only a few disoriented particles enter the mesh and the sieve is not blocked so
655:
Here a throwing motion acts on the sample. The vertical throwing motion is overlaid with a slight circular motion which results in distribution of the sample amount over the whole sieving surface. The particles are accelerated in the vertical direction (are thrown upwards). In the air they carry out
386:
is the total mass of the aggregate. The next step is to find the cumulative percent of aggregate retained in each sieve. To do so, add up the total amount of aggregate that is retained in each sieve and the amount in the previous sieves. The cumulative percent passing of the aggregate is found by
888:
Most sieve analyses are carried out dry. But there are some applications which can only be carried out by wet sieving. This is the case when the sample which has to be analysed is e.g. a suspension which must not be dried; or when the sample is a very fine powder which tends to agglomerate (mostly
261:
material on each sieve is weighed. The mass of the sample of each sieve is then divided by the total mass to give a percentage retained on each sieve. The size of the average particle on each sieve is then analysed to get a cut-off point or specific size range, which is then captured on a screen.
260:
The column is typically placed in a mechanical shaker, which shakes the column, usually for a set period, to facilitate exposing all of the material to the screen openings so that particles small enough to fit through the holes can fall through to the next layer. After the shaking is complete the
280:
A suitable sieve size for the aggregate underneath the nest of sieves to collect the aggregate that passes through the smallest. The entire nest is then agitated, and the material whose diameter is smaller than the mesh opening pass through the sieves. After the aggregate reaches the pan, the
1127:
Gradation affects many properties of an aggregate, including bulk density, physical stability and permeability. With careful selection of the gradation, it is possible to achieve high bulk density, high physical stability, and low permeability. This is important because in pavement design, a
396:
There are two versions of the %Passing equations. the .45 power formula is presented on .45 power gradation chart, whereas the more simple %Passing is presented on a semi-log gradation chart. version of the percent passing graph is shown on .45 power chart and by using the .45 passing formula.
1114:
However, for material that is finer than 100 mesh, dry sieving can be significantly less accurate. This is because the mechanical energy required to make particles pass through an opening and the surface attraction effects between the particles themselves and between particles and the screen
1202:
Gradation is usually specified for each engineering application it is used for. For example, foundations might only call for coarse aggregates, and therefore an open gradation is needed. Sieve analysis determines the particle size distribution of a given soil sample and hence helps in easy
963:
Air jet sieving machines are ideally suited for very fine powders which tend to agglomerate and cannot be separated by vibrational sieving. The reason for the effectiveness of this sieving method is based on two components: A rotating slotted nozzle inside the sieving chamber and a powerful
264:
The results of this test are used to describe the properties of the aggregate and to see if it is appropriate for various civil engineering purposes such as selecting the appropriate aggregate for concrete mixes and asphalt mixes as well as sizing of water production well screens.
306:
The results are presented in a graph of percent passing versus the sieve size. On the graph the sieve size scale is logarithmic. To find the percent of aggregate passing through each sieve, first find the percent retained in each sieve. To do so, the following equation is used,
1203:
identification of a soil's mechanical properties. These mechanical properties determine whether a given soil can support the proposed engineering structure. It also helps determine what modifications can be applied to the soil and the best way to achieve maximum soil strength.
976:
A dense gradation refers to a sample that is approximately of equal amounts of various sizes of aggregate. By having a dense gradation, most of the air voids between the material are filled with particles. A dense gradation will result in an even curve on the gradation
1035:
American standard sieves also known as ASTM sieves conform to ASTM E11 standard. The nominal aperture of these sieves range from 20 micrometers to 200 millimeters, however these sieves have only 8 inches (203 mm) and 12 inches (305 mm) diameter sizes.
289:
In order to perform the test, a sufficient sample of the aggregate must be obtained from the source. To prepare the sample, the aggregate should be mixed thoroughly and be reduced to a suitable size for testing. The total mass of the sample is also required.
813:
A horizontal circular motion overlies a vertical motion which is created by a tapping impulse. These motional processes are characteristic of hand sieving and produce a higher degree of sieving for denser particles (e.g. abrasives) than throw-action sieve
996:
An open gradation refers an aggregate sample with very little fine aggregate particles. This results in many air voids, because there are no fine particles to fill them. On the gradation graph, it appears as a curve that is horizontal in the small size
1110:
Sieve analysis has, in general, been used for decades to monitor material quality based on particle size. For coarse material, sizes that range down to #100 mesh (150 μm), a sieve analysis and particle size distribution is accurate and consistent.
1017:
Woven wire mesh sieves are according to technical requirements of ISO 3310-1. These sieves usually have nominal aperture ranging from 20 micrometers to 3.55 millimeters, with diameters ranging from 100 to 450 millimeters.
1119:
as the particle size reported will assume that the particles are spherical, where in fact an elongated particle might pass through the screen end-on, but would be prevented from doing so if it presented itself side-on.
256:
A representative weighed sample is poured into the top sieve which has the largest screen openings. Each lower sieve in the column has smaller openings than the one above. At the base is a pan, called the receiver.
983:
Also known as uniform gradation, a narrow gradation is a sample that has aggregate of approximately the same size. The curve on the gradation graph is very steep, and occupies a small range of the aggregate.
268:
The results of this test are provided in graphical form to identify the type of gradation of the aggregate. The complete procedure for this test is outlined in the
American Society for Testing and Materials
529:
989:
A gap gradation refers to a sample with very little aggregate in the medium size range. This results in only coarse and fine aggregate. The curve is horizontal in the medium size range on the gradation
1026:
Perforated plate sieves conform to ISO 3310-2 and can have round or square nominal apertures ranging from 1 millimeter to 125 millimeters. The diameters of the sieves range from 200 to 450 millimeters.
193:
The size distribution is often of critical importance to the way the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including
620:
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quickly. The large sieving area enables the sieving of large amounts of sample, for example as encountered in the particle-size analysis of construction materials and aggregates.
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The values are then plotted on a graph with cumulative percent passing on the y axis and logarithmic sieve size on the x axis.
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632:- The total mass of the aggregate within the sieves below the current sieve, not including the current sieve's aggregate.
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size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction of the whole mass.
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There are different methods for carrying out sieve analyses, depending on the material to be measured.
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A rich gradation refers to a sample of aggregate with a high proportion of particles of small sizes.
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Test sieves -- Technical requirements and testing -- Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate
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ASTM C136 / C136M - 14 Standard Test Method for Sieve
Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
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Test sieves -- Technical requirements and testing -- Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
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273:) C 136 and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (
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p231 in "Characterisation of bulk solids" by Donald
Mcglinchey, CRC Press, 2005.
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ASTM B214 - 16 Standard Test Method for Sieve
Analysis of Metal Powders
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Graphs of cumulative percent passing versus the logarithmic sieve size.
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Standard
Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
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List of ASTM test methods for sieve analysis of various materials
1366:"Test Procedure for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates"
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524:{\displaystyle {\frac {Sieve_{Largest}}{Aggregate_{max-size}}}}
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http://pavementinteractive.org/index.php?title=Gradation_Test
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http://bookstore.transportation.org/item_details.aspx?ID=659
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amount of material retained in each sieve is then weighed.
245:
in a laboratory. A typical sieve analysis uses a column of
639:- The total mass of all of the aggregate in the sample.
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by allowing the material to pass through a series of
547:- Largest piece of aggregate in the sample in (mm).
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1364:Texas Department of Transportation (January 2016).
390:%Cumulative Passing = 100% - %Cumulative Retained.
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1304:ASTM International - Standards Worldwide. (2006).
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1475:. ASTM E11 - 13. ASTM International. p. 9.
1395:Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers
615:{\displaystyle {\frac {W_{Below}}{W_{Total}}}}
368:{\displaystyle {\frac {W_{Sieve}}{W_{Total}}}}
162:) is a practice or procedure used in geology,
27:Procedure to assess particle size distribution
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241:A gradation test is performed on a sample of
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1245:Construction Materials for Civil Engineering
387:subtracting the percent retained from 100%.
1485:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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1078:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
931:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
856:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
773:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
698:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
382:is the mass of aggregate in the sieve and W
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1190:Learn how and when to remove this message
1098:Learn how and when to remove this message
951:Learn how and when to remove this message
876:Learn how and when to remove this message
793:Learn how and when to remove this message
718:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1272:Albright's Chemical Engineering Handbook
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221:, a wide range of manufactured powder,
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541:- Largest diameter sieve used in (mm).
29:
1397:, Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park CA, 1999
1218:Automated sieving using photoanalysis
7:
1320:AASHTO The Voice of Transportation.
1248:. Juta and Company Ltd. p. 16.
1168:adding citations to reliable sources
1076:adding citations to reliable sources
929:adding citations to reliable sources
854:adding citations to reliable sources
771:adding citations to reliable sources
696:adding citations to reliable sources
1413:. ISO 3310-1:2000. ISO. p. 15.
1444:. ISO 3310-2:2013. ISO. p. 9.
233:, it is probably the most common.
25:
1559:Offshore geotechnical engineering
1393:M.S. Mamlouk and J.P. Zaniewski,
401:.45 power percent passing formula
249:with wire mesh screens of graded
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2209:Mechanically stabilized earth
1269:Albright, Lyle (2008-11-20).
1242:Amsterdam, Errol Van (2000).
1040:Limitations of sieve analysis
1961:Hydraulic conductivity tests
2522:Stress distribution in soil
1275:. CRC Press. p. 1718.
2703:
1672:Pore pressure measurement
172:particle size distribution
2425:Preconsolidation pressure
1820:Standard penetration test
1556:
186:of progressively smaller
123:
100:
75:
51:
37:
1921:California bearing ratio
1719:Rotary-pressure sounding
1550:Geotechnical engineering
1132:Engineering applications
1031:American standard sieves
118:Dynamic light scattering
2341:Geosynthetic clay liner
2316:Expanded clay aggregate
1936:Proctor compaction test
1877:Crosshole sonic logging
1863:Nuclear densometer test
1620:Geo-electrical sounding
1022:Perforated plate sieves
551:Percent passing formula
2682:Granulometric analyses
2604:Earthquake engineering
2415:Lateral earth pressure
2040:Hydraulic conductivity
1891:Wave equation analysis
1870:Exploration geophysics
1762:Deformation monitoring
1731:Rotary weight sounding
1469:Subcommittee: E29.01.
1347:Pavement Interactive.
1013:Woven wire mesh sieves
810:
616:
525:
369:
303:
71:Methods and techniques
1782:Settlement recordings
1707:Rock control drilling
1608:Cone penetration test
808:
617:
526:
370:
301:
2672:Chemical engineering
2644:Agricultural science
2346:Cellular confinement
1223:Optical granulometry
1164:improve this section
1072:improve this section
925:improve this section
850:improve this section
767:improve this section
692:improve this section
561:
415:
314:
168:chemical engineering
81:Optical granulometry
2687:Particle technology
2536:Numerical analysis
2420:Overburden pressure
2410:Pore water pressure
2190:Shoring structures
2065:Reynolds' dilatancy
1966:Water content tests
1951:Triaxial shear test
1911:Soil classification
1884:Pile integrity test
114:Pattern recognition
2511:Slab stabilisation
2491:Stability analysis
968:Types of gradation
811:
612:
521:
365:
304:
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2506:Sliding criterion
2468:Response spectrum
2384:
2383:
2214:Pressure grouting
2113:
2112:
1973:
1972:
1926:Direct shear test
1632:Permeability test
1282:978-0-8247-5362-7
1255:978-0-7021-5213-9
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180:granular material
164:civil engineering
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106:Granular material
61:Size distribution
16:(Redirected from
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2518:Bearing capacity
2405:Effective stress
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2296:Land reclamation
2236:Land development
2131:Natural features
2128:
2095:Specific storage
1984:
1916:Atterberg limits
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1755:Screw plate test
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1407:ISO/TC 24/SC 8.
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2311:Earth structure
2306:Erosion control
2204:Ground freezing
2194:Retaining walls
2177:
2119:
2109:
2070:Angle of repose
2028:
1969:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1856:Visible bedrock
1808:Simple sounding
1796:Shear vane test
1572:instrumentation
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1008:Types of sieves
973:Dense gradation
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385:
381:
341:
319:
312:
311:
296:
287:
239:
231:particle sizing
148:
95:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2581:Related fields
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:Classification
2498:
2493:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2473:Seismic hazard
2470:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
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2179:
2178:
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2165:
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2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2125:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2100:Shear strength
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:Friction angle
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1956:Oedometer test
1953:
1948:
1946:Sieve analysis
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1846:
1835:
1834:
1832:Total sounding
1823:
1822:
1811:
1810:
1799:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1774:
1758:
1757:
1746:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1697:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1599:
1598:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1498:External links
1496:
1493:
1492:
1461:
1430:
1399:
1381:
1356:
1349:Gradation Test
1329:
1313:
1297:
1288:
1281:
1261:
1254:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Soil gradation
1208:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1148:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1106:
1105:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:Rich gradation
998:
994:
993:Open gradation
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
974:
969:
966:
959:
958:
909:
907:
900:
894:
891:
884:
883:
834:
832:
825:
819:
816:
801:
800:
751:
749:
742:
736:
733:
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725:
676:
674:
667:
661:
658:
652:
649:
644:
641:
636:
629:
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595:
591:
585:
582:
579:
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573:
569:
555:
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552:
544:
538:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
490:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
436:
432:
429:
426:
423:
408:
405:
404:
402:
383:
379:
360:
357:
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351:
348:
344:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
322:
295:
292:
286:
283:
238:
235:
170:to assess the
160:gradation test
156:sieve analysis
150:
149:
147:
146:
139:
132:
124:
121:
120:
98:
97:
92:
91:
89:Soil gradation
85:Sieve analysis
73:
72:
68:
67:
49:
48:
47:Basic concepts
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
18:Sieve Analysis
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2699:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Sedimentology
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Geomorphology
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Consolidation
2451:
2449:
2448:Frost heaving
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:Geosynthetics
2324:
2322:
2321:Crushed stone
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2276:Cut-and-cover
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2116:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Water content
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:Sample series
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:Investigation
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1194:
1191:
1183:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1149:This section
1147:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1099:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1057:This section
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
988:
986:Gap gradation
985:
982:
979:
975:
972:
971:
967:
965:
955:
952:
944:
934:
930:
926:
920:
919:
915:
910:This section
908:
904:
899:
898:
892:
890:
880:
877:
869:
859:
855:
851:
845:
844:
840:
835:This section
833:
829:
824:
823:
817:
815:
807:
797:
794:
786:
776:
772:
768:
762:
761:
757:
752:This section
750:
746:
741:
740:
734:
732:
722:
719:
711:
701:
697:
693:
687:
686:
682:
677:This section
675:
671:
666:
665:
659:
657:
650:
648:
642:
640:
633:
626:
623:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
589:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
553:
550:
549:
548:
535:
532:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
488:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
434:
430:
427:
424:
421:
407:% Passing = P
403:
400:
399:
398:
394:
391:
388:
376:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
342:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
320:
308:
300:
293:
291:
284:
282:
278:
276:
272:
266:
262:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:(also called
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
145:
140:
138:
133:
131:
126:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:Particle size
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2629:Biogeography
2624:Hydrogeology
2614:Soil science
2594:Geochemistry
2353:Infiltration
2281:Cut and fill
2224:Soil nailing
2090:Permeability
2055:Bulk density
1945:
1772:Inclinometer
1695:Ram sounding
1580:
1471:
1464:
1440:
1433:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1373:. Retrieved
1359:
1348:
1321:
1316:
1306:ASTM C136-06
1305:
1300:
1291:
1271:
1264:
1244:
1237:
1201:
1186:
1177:
1162:Please help
1150:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1094:
1085:
1070:Please help
1058:
1034:
1025:
1016:
962:
947:
938:
923:Please help
911:
887:
872:
863:
848:Please help
836:
812:
789:
780:
765:Please help
753:
729:
714:
705:
690:Please help
678:
654:
651:Throw-action
646:
634:
627:
624:
556:
536:
533:
406:
395:
392:
389:
377:
310:%Retained =
309:
305:
288:
279:
267:
263:
259:
255:
240:
192:
175:
159:
155:
153:
110:Mineral dust
84:
33:Granulometry
2639:Archaeology
2363:Foundations
2336:Geomembrane
2219:Slurry wall
2158:Water table
2122:Interaction
2118:Structures
2105:Sensitivity
1902:Laboratory
1371:. Texas DOT
557:%Passing =
285:Preparation
102:Granulation
2666:Categories
2496:Mitigation
2478:Shear wave
2463:Earthquake
2458:Compaction
2443:Permafrost
2434:Phenomena/
2331:Geotextile
2256:Embankment
2246:Excavation
2183:Earthworks
2143:Vegetation
2138:Topography
2060:Thixotropy
2050:Void ratio
2033:Properties
1931:Hydrometer
1676:Piezometer
1596:Core drill
1375:2016-12-24
1351:. (2007).
1324:. (2006).
1229:References
1123:Properties
660:Horizontal
197:, crushed
77:Mesh scale
65:Morphology
57:Grain size
2619:Hydrology
2599:Petrology
2487:analysis
2485:Landslide
2390:Mechanics
2301:Track bed
2286:Fill dirt
2271:Terracing
1844:Trial pit
1659:Statnamic
1644:Load test
1481:cite book
1450:cite book
1419:cite book
1151:does not
1059:does not
912:does not
837:does not
754:does not
679:does not
543:Aggregate
502:−
251:mesh size
243:aggregate
237:Procedure
176:gradation
2649:Agrology
2538:software
2436:problems
2266:Causeway
2241:Landfill
2168:Subgrade
2085:Porosity
2080:Cohesion
1207:See also
1180:May 2018
1088:May 2018
941:May 2018
866:May 2018
814:shakers.
783:May 2018
708:May 2018
545:max_size
211:feldspar
2589:Geology
2561:SVSlope
2371:Shallow
2291:Grading
2229:Tieback
2173:Subsoil
2163:Bedrock
2153:Topsoil
2148:Terrain
1941:R-value
1904:testing
1654:Dynamic
1581:in situ
1579:Field (
1172:removed
1157:sources
1080:removed
1065:sources
933:removed
918:sources
858:removed
843:sources
775:removed
760:sources
735:Tapping
700:removed
685:sources
643:Methods
625:Where:
539:Largest
534:Where:
378:where W
294:Results
277:) T 27
207:granite
178:) of a
2571:Plaxis
2566:UTEXAS
2556:SVFlux
2546:SEEP2D
2398:Forces
2251:Trench
2199:Gabion
2009:Gravel
1649:Static
1279:
1252:
997:range.
990:graph.
977:graph.
622:x100%
531:x100%
375:×100%
275:AASHTO
247:sieves
184:sieves
166:, and
2551:STABL
2024:Loess
1987:Types
1369:(PDF)
1322:T0 27
637:Total
630:Below
537:Sieve
384:Total
380:Sieve
227:seeds
223:grain
2376:Deep
2019:Loam
2014:Peat
2004:Sand
1999:Silt
1994:Clay
1979:Soil
1681:Well
1487:link
1456:link
1425:link
1277:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1155:any
1153:cite
1063:any
1061:cite
916:any
914:cite
841:any
839:cite
758:any
756:cite
683:any
681:cite
271:ASTM
225:and
219:soil
215:coal
203:clay
199:rock
195:sand
188:mesh
158:(or
2261:Cut
1570:and
1166:by
1074:by
927:by
852:by
818:Wet
769:by
694:by
2668::
2520:*
1483:}}
1479:{{
1452:}}
1448:{{
1421:}}
1417:{{
1384:^
1332:^
1308:.
411:=
253:.
217:,
213:,
209:,
205:,
201:,
154:A
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
87:,
83:,
79:,
63:,
59:,
55:,
2124:)
2120:(
1583:)
1542:e
1535:t
1528:v
1489:)
1458:)
1427:)
1378:.
1285:.
1258:.
1193:)
1187:(
1182:)
1178:(
1174:.
1160:.
1101:)
1095:(
1090:)
1086:(
1082:.
1068:.
954:)
948:(
943:)
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