414:
400:
287:
29:
895:(Simek provides the etymology "relation by marriage") may have originally simply meant "the wife (of Thor)". Simek rejects notions of a "vegetation cult" venerating Sif, says that Sif does not appear to have a function, dismisses theories proposing connections between Sif's hair and grain as "over-zealous interpretation", and theorizes that Snorri invented the story of Sif's shorn locks in attempt to explain the attributes of various gods.
985:
614:
1969:
915:
in the myths, was also concerned with the fertility and preservation of the seasonal round. In our own times, little stone axes from the distant past have been used as fertility symbols and placed by the farmer in the holes made by the drill to receive the first seed of spring. Thor's marriage with
936:
Scholar John Lindow proposes that a potentially understated mythological importance of Sif's role in the story of her sheared hair exists; her headpiece is created along with the most important and powerful items in Norse mythology. Lindow further states that it may be easy to lose sight of the
530:, Snorri relates a story where Loki cuts off Sif's hair as a prank. When Thor discovers this, he grabs hold of Loki, resulting in Loki swearing to have a headpiece made of gold to replace Sif's locks. Loki fulfills this promise by having a headpiece made by
498:
Ull is the name of one. The son of Sif, he is the stepson of Thor. He is so skillful a bowman and skier that no one can compete with him. He is beautiful to look at, and is an accomplished warrior. He is also a good person to pray to when in single
872:
standing for earth." Grimm adds that he is inconclusive regarding Sif and that, "we ought to have fuller details about Sif, and these are wholly wanting in our mythology. Nowhere amongst us is the mystic relation of the seed-corn of
2888:
479:, though we know her as Sif". Sif is further described as "the loveliest of women" and with hair of gold. Although he lists her own ancestors as unknown, Snorri writes that Thor and Sif produced a son by the name of
3828:
928:, when he comes to earth in the thunderstorm and the storm brings the rain which makes the fields fertile. In this way Thor, as well as Odin, may be seen to continue the cult of the sky god which was known in the
910:
The cult of Thor was linked up with men's habitation and possessions, and with well-being of the family and community. This included the fruitfulness of the fields, and Thor, although pictured primarily as a
1000:, and theorizes a potential connection between the story of Loki cutting off Sif's hair with these references. Larrington says "how he got close enough to carry this out might be explained by this verse."
2878:
283:
Thor across the bay. Among numerous other insults, Hárbarðr claims that Sif has a lover at home. In response, Thor says that Hárbarðr is speaking carelessly "of what seems worst to me" and also lying.
973:, the rowan is called "the salvation of Thor" because Thor once saved himself by clinging to it. It has been theorized that Sif was once conceived in the form of a rowan to which Thor clung."
3873:
2883:
95:, and that Thor forced Loki to have a golden headpiece made for Sif, resulting in not only Sif's golden tresses but also five other objects for other gods. Sif is also named in the
2858:
2853:
2030:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2848:
2843:
2838:
1949:
2008:
2833:
682:
is personified here and in lines 2599 to 2661, and suggests they may be references to Sif in Danish religion: "Both instances may indicate that the poet of
2828:
2322:
2252:
3893:
2728:
698:
proposes a reconstruction of a
Germanic deity cognate to Sif in other Germanic cultures and proposes a similar nature to that of the goddesses
1881:
413:
3291:
1481:
884:
theorizes that Sif "betokens mother earth with her golden sheaves of grain; she was the goddess of the sanctity of the family and wedlock".
3165:
2412:
185:
2001:
2986:
2981:
4065:
3805:
3687:
1728:
1705:
1614:
877:, whose poignant grief for her daughter threatens to bring famine on mankind (Hymn to Cer. 305–306), nor anything like it, recorded."
2710:
1939:
1918:
1898:
1871:
1854:
1831:
1813:
1790:
1686:
1663:
1637:
1553:
996:, Carolyne Larrington says that Sif is not elsewhere attested as unfaithful, though notes that Odin makes a similar accusation in
868:
problems between the potential cognate. Grimm says that Thor's mother was the earth, and not his wife, yet "we do find the simple
842:). Grimm says that "expositors see in this the golden fruits of the Earth burnt up by fire and growing again, they liken Sif to
310:
during his series of insults towards the gods, Sif states that there is nothing Loki can say only in regard to her. In response,
399:
4111:
1994:
3235:
1800:
1523:
519:. Prior to this, Hrungnir had been drunkenly boasting of his desire to, amongst other things, kill all of the gods except
902:
states that Sif may have been an ancient fertility goddess, agreeing with a link between her lustrous hair and fields of
1012:
names this husband, most scholars continue to consider him unidentified. N. A. Nielsen suggests that she was married to
686:
was in a position to imagine a sixth-century
Scandinavia on the basis of his knowledge of contemporary Danish legends."
4106:
4101:
3848:
2402:
2312:
523:
and Sif, whom he wanted to take home with him. However, at the duel, Hrungnir is quickly killed by the enraged Thor.
577:. Poetic means of referring to Sif calling her "wife of Thor", "mother of Ullr", "the fair-haired deity", "rival of
4015:
4005:
3113:
3013:
2520:
2282:
1890:
1823:
1758:
891:
theorizes that Sif likely originated as a complement to Thor through his fertility associations, and that the name
881:
531:
3245:
4116:
3170:
1782:
1332:
4096:
3038:
2039:
916:
Sif of the golden hair, about which we hear little in the myths, seems to be a memory of the ancient symbol of
3568:
3150:
3123:
3118:
3058:
3033:
2232:
664:, moves through the hall serving mead to the warriors and defusing conflict. Various scholars beginning with
255:
3950:
1954:
1846:
1768:
843:
1698:
Lady with a Mead Cup: Ritual, Prophecy, and
Lordship in the European Warband from La Tène to the Viking Age
2820:
2738:
1944:
1910:
1426:
1100:
1075:
3773:
3705:
3695:
1017:
3800:
838:
460:
437:
260:
3262:
3053:
1720:
1047:
Sif's characterization in modern media tends to be much more martial than in the original sources. The
456:'s feast, the subject of a jötunn's desire, as having her hair shorn by Loki, and in various kennings.
1008:
Several identities have been suggested for Sif's first husband, the father of Ullr, but since neither
675:
4010:
3367:
2144:
1647:
1609:. Garland reference library of the humanities; vol. 1431. New York & London: Garland Publishing.
1105:
1070:
899:
621:
448:
32:
The goddess Sif holds her long, golden hair while grain grows behind her in an illustration from 1897
20:
543:
425:
286:
4091:
3175:
2909:
2768:
2262:
1931:
1878:
1752:
Teutonic
Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass
1751:
1743:
Teutonic
Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass
1742:
1095:
1052:
847:
3863:
3063:
2680:
2665:
494:, Ullr is referred to as a son of Sif and a stepson of Thor (though his father is not mentioned):
3583:
2605:
2017:
1576:
3710:
3633:
3598:
3593:
2675:
2505:
2114:
2069:
232:
gives the meanings "in-law-relationship", scholar Andy
Orchard provides "relation", and scholar
4070:
4060:
3919:
3883:
3533:
3272:
2555:
1935:
1914:
1894:
1867:
1850:
1827:
1809:
1786:
1724:
1701:
1682:
1659:
1633:
1610:
1477:
929:
853:
294:
28:
3311:
3180:
1763:
114:, that she may be associated with fertility, family, wedlock and/or that she is connected to
3790:
3503:
3048:
3003:
2763:
2620:
2445:
2202:
2044:
1774:
1629:
1081:
1056:
421:
172:
61:
3638:
3160:
1973:
387:
4000:
3208:
2956:
2021:
1885:
1804:
1087:
720:
711:
472:
205:
196:
181:
37:
3924:
3553:
3488:
3331:
3215:
2685:
2635:
2625:
2550:
1764:
An
Icelandic-English Dictionary: Based on the Ms. Collections of the Late Richard Cleasby
984:
3914:
3909:
3778:
3661:
3656:
3613:
3543:
3538:
3458:
3347:
3321:
3306:
3145:
2798:
2660:
2495:
2184:
1545:
1060:
950:
535:
2327:
200:
100:
4121:
4085:
3878:
3858:
3843:
3785:
3733:
3618:
3608:
3578:
3548:
3513:
3483:
3448:
3316:
3255:
3230:
3155:
3133:
3043:
2991:
2904:
2525:
2365:
2317:
1655:
1048:
925:
745:
475:. Snorri states that Thor married Sif, and that she is known as "a prophetess called
381:
2515:
2460:
2099:
3700:
3028:
1986:
1923:
917:
888:
665:
547:
442:
407:
233:
3603:
3563:
3443:
3428:
3068:
2949:
2783:
2773:
2545:
2470:
2397:
2179:
2119:
661:
480:
222:
146:
1905:
1862:
1841:
1797:
1515:
3929:
3868:
3838:
3748:
3715:
3588:
3558:
3518:
3498:
3478:
3453:
3382:
3372:
3277:
2914:
2600:
2510:
2475:
2465:
2430:
1836:
1737:
1678:
1117:
1065:
736:
695:
635:
594:
590:
578:
559:
375:. Sif is additionally mentioned in two kennings found in poems collected in the
229:
167:
163:
119:
50:
320:
Then Sif went forward and poured out mead for Loki into a crystal cup and said:
180:(meaning "affinity, connection, by marriage") and in other Germanic languages:
4035:
3755:
3651:
3643:
3523:
3468:
3423:
3418:
3403:
3220:
2919:
2560:
2485:
2480:
2435:
954:
657:
468:
219:
appears not only in ancient poetry and records of law, but also in compounds (
156:
only appears in singular form when referring to the goddess as a proper noun.
56:
3140:
2655:
2104:
824:
Grimm connects Eddic references to Sif's golden hair (gold is referred to as
820:
and Thôrr agree, their wives Frigg and Sif have also a common signification.
209:
3990:
3795:
3763:
3673:
3628:
3528:
3377:
3362:
3103:
2966:
2585:
2535:
2530:
2450:
921:
912:
865:
767:
670:
668:
have pointed to the similarity with what Sif does at the feast described in
613:
302:
141:
118:, and that there may be an allusion to her role or possibly her name in the
3995:
3668:
3357:
3250:
2758:
2748:
2718:
2695:
2267:
2154:
2048:
516:
1968:
542:. As the story progresses, the incident leads to the creation of the ship
176:
4040:
4025:
3975:
3960:
3853:
3623:
3508:
3473:
3438:
3352:
3267:
3225:
3128:
3098:
3078:
2998:
2733:
2670:
2650:
2645:
2570:
2565:
2500:
2382:
2302:
2297:
2242:
2227:
2139:
2109:
2094:
2084:
1041:
573:
for "earth", appears in a kenning for a gold-keeping woman, and once for
555:
512:
54:, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the
988:
Sif sleeps while Loki lurks behind in an illustration (1894) by A. Chase
965:
resembles the North
Germanic words for the tree (for example, Old Norse
3985:
3833:
3573:
3493:
3463:
3408:
3326:
3203:
3083:
3073:
2939:
2934:
2753:
2723:
2425:
2420:
2377:
2237:
2194:
2174:
2129:
2089:
2061:
1033:
874:
652:
539:
453:
333:
276:
124:
45:
1863:
From Abba to Zoom: A Pop
Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century
3433:
3398:
3108:
3018:
3008:
2961:
2803:
2743:
2455:
2392:
2355:
2307:
2222:
1020:, an interpretation which depends on considering Ullr identical with
946:
813:
703:
598:
520:
76:, she is known for her golden hair and is married to the thunder god
3829:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of
Central and Northern Europe
2944:
2788:
2590:
2337:
2332:
2272:
2164:
1980:
799:
793:
730:
724:
1950:
Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia
1431:
Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia
754:, denote peace, friendship, kindred; from these I infer a divinity
4030:
4020:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3888:
3413:
3240:
3185:
3093:
3088:
3023:
2971:
2924:
2808:
2793:
2690:
2640:
2630:
2610:
2595:
2580:
2575:
2540:
2490:
2440:
2387:
2370:
2360:
2347:
2292:
2277:
2217:
2212:
2134:
2079:
2074:
1842:
Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
1037:
1021:
1013:
983:
958:
903:
809:
699:
612:
574:
570:
551:
476:
412:
398:
372:
285:
280:
272:
115:
111:
88:
65:
27:
1453:
Nielsen, Niels Åge (1969). "Freyr, Ullr and the Sparlösa Stone".
3955:
3934:
3768:
3741:
3198:
3193:
2929:
2778:
2700:
2615:
2257:
2247:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2124:
1700:. Blackrock, County Dublin/Portland, Oregon: Four Courts Press.
1123:
817:
783:
749:
740:
385:(where Thor is referred to as the "Husband of Sif" thrice), and
311:
307:
268:
264:
104:
92:
77:
1990:
110:
Scholars have proposed that Sif's hair may represent fields of
2976:
2207:
538:. Along with the headpiece, the dwarfs produced Odin's spear,
1091:, where the hair shearing incident has loosely been adapted.
1983:
Illustrations of Sif from manuscripts and early print books.
1154:
Lindow (2001:266), Orchard (1997:138), and Simek (2007:283).
1577:"God Of War Ragnarok: All Main Characters And Their Actors"
1024:, which Rudolf Simek characterizes as "very precarious."
937:
central role Sif plays in the creation of these objects.
1055:, is based on the Sif of Norse myth and is portrayed by
2879:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
1749:
Grimm, Jacob (James Steven Stallybrass Trans.) (1888).
880:
Citing the etymology of her name, 19th century scholar
391:(where Thor is once referred to as "Husband of Sif").
906:. Regarding Sif, Thor, and fertility, Davidson says:
851:
846:", and Grimm says that "with it agrees the fact that
816:, a goddess of loveliness and love; as attributes of
992:
Regarding the accusations that Loki makes to Sif in
804:), sift genus, cognatio. By this sense of the word,
4053:
3943:
3902:
3821:
3814:
3724:
3686:
3391:
3340:
3299:
3290:
2897:
2819:
2709:
2411:
2346:
2193:
2060:
2037:
1516:"Loki's Surprise Cameo Reimagines a Classic Myth"
228:means "to marry"). Using this etymology, scholar
371:Sif does not respond, and the exchange turns to
908:
831:
825:
787:
777:
771:
496:
316:
220:
214:
157:
151:
1546:"'Loki' Episode 4 Recap: Redefining Self Love"
1141:
1139:
332:you should admit, that of the children of the
48:associated with earth. Sif is attested in the
2002:
8:
714:
314:claims that Sif has had an affair with him:
190:
3731:
2031:Mythological Norse people, items and places
859:
424:. The bottom right corner depicts the ship
324:Welcome now, Loki, and take the crystal cup
3818:
3296:
2057:
2009:
1995:
1987:
1981:MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository)
1755:. Volume IV. London: George Bell and Sons.
1740:(James Steven Stallybrass Trans.) (1882).
515:, there described as the strongest of the
459:Sif is introduced in chapter three of the
2829:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
349:That indeed you would be, if you were so,
1404:
1392:
1207:
1205:
418:The third gift – an enormous hammer
1798:The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System
1344:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1223:
1135:
353:if you were shy and fierce towards men;
1879:Heathen Gods in Old English Literature
1818:Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999).
1433:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 98.
593:records that in his time residents of
306:, after pouring Loki a crystal cup of
1746:Vol. I. London: George Bell and Sons.
1328:
1235:
1211:
642:("family") is cognate with Old Norse
267:, father of Thor, in disguise) meets
7:
792:meaning cognatio, sifi amicus (OHG.
690:Hair as wheat and potential cognates
87:recounts that Sif once had her hair
2889:named weapons, armour and treasures
1906:Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend
511:, Thor once engages in a duel with
404:How Loki wrought mischief on Asgard
345:He took the horn and drank it down:
140:is the singular form of the plural
4066:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1926:(2007) translated by Angela Hall.
1190:Larrington (1999:78, 80, and 82.).
357:I alone know, as I think I do now,
14:
1719:. Translated by Anthony Faulkes.
1652:Gods And Myths Of Northern Europe
1526:from the original on 11 July 2021
961:were holy to Ravdna and the name
830:; Sif's hair) with the herb name
300:In stanzas 53 and 54 of the poem
60:, written in the 13th century by
2729:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1967:
1928:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1575:Olah, Lucas (28 November 2022).
1556:from the original on 4 July 2021
1474:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1145:Gudbrandur Vigfusson (1874:526).
558:for Odin, and the mighty hammer
1032:Sif has inspired the name of a
1004:Identity of Sif's first husband
483:, who "took after his father".
436:, Sif is mentioned once in the
3166:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1715:Faulkes, Anthony, ed. (1995).
1673:Davidson, H. R. Ellis (1975).
678:further notes that unusually,
236:gives "relation by marriage".
1:
1866:. Andrews McMeel Publishing.
1628:. Translated by Jesse Byock.
1605:Baker, Peter S., ed. (1994).
1476:. D. S. Brewer. p. 283.
1356:North (1998:235–236, n. 126).
1003:
581:", and as "mother of Þrúðr".
365:and that was the wicked Loki.
275:of a gulf. The two engage in
1696:Enright, Michael J. (1996).
786:, for the ON. too has a pl.
715:
191:
3236:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1079:television series, and the
852:
16:Norse goddess, wife of Thor
4140:
3903:Festivals and holy periods
1891:Cambridge University Press
1624:Byock, Jesse, ed. (2006).
650:. In the Old English poem
471:account of the origins of
340:that I alone am blameless.
279:, and Hárbarðr refuses to
184:
18:
3171:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
2884:named animals and plants
2028:
1795:Lang, Kenneth R. (2003).
1783:University of Texas Press
1104:, where she is voiced by
1085:streaming series episode
945:Sif has been linked with
808:would appear to be, like
2992:Black elves (Svartálfar)
1945:Turville-Petre, E. O. G.
1656:Penguin Publishing Group
1427:Turville-Petre, E. O. G.
1163:Larrington (1999:75–76).
428:"afloat" Sif's new hair.
3874:Sacred trees and groves
3114:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
2987:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1955:Weidenfeld and Nicolson
1876:North, Richard (1998).
1860:Mansour, David (2005).
1847:Oxford University Press
1824:Oxford World's Classics
832:
826:
800:
794:
788:
778:
772:
750:
741:
731:
725:
554:, the multiplying ring
361:your lover beside Thor,
221:
215:
199:
166:
158:
152:
145:
64:, and in the poetry of
3732:
2982:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
2631:Narfi (father of Nott)
1903:Orchard, Andy (1997).
1675:Scandinavian Mythology
1472:Simek, Rudolf (1984).
1443:Larrington (1999:276).
1199:Larrington (1999:100).
1076:Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
989:
934:
860:
822:
656:(lines 2016 to 2018),
624:
501:
429:
410:
369:
297:
208:
175:
33:
4112:Scandinavian folklore
3124:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
2403:Sister-wife of Njörðr
1976:at Wikimedia Commons
1884:19 April 2023 at the
1803:19 April 2023 at the
1648:Davidson, H. R. Ellis
1455:Mediaeval Scandinavia
1374:Grimm (1888:309–310).
1181:Larrington (1999:94).
1172:Larrington (1999:93).
1120:in northern Greenland
987:
949:, the consort of the
708:
694:19th-century scholar
616:
589:19th-century scholar
486:In chapter 31 of the
416:
402:
328:full of ancient mead,
289:
31:
3894:Wetlands and islands
3014:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
1759:Gudbrandur Vigfusson
1094:Lady Sif appears in
900:H. R. Ellis Davidson
882:Guðbrandur Vigfússon
622:John Charles Dollman
565:Sif also appears in
249:In stanza 48 of the
21:Sif (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
3176:Narfi (son of Loki)
2323:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1505:Mansour (2005:485).
1101:God of War Ragnarök
1098:'s 2022 video game
1096:Santa Monica Studio
766:, corresponding to
503:As reported in the
440:, in chapter 31 of
44:is a golden-haired
4107:Norwegian folklore
4102:Marriage goddesses
3822:Religious practice
3796:Old Norse language
3263:Váli (son of Loki)
3151:Líf and Lífthrasir
3059:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3054:Horses of the Æsir
3034:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2175:Váli (son of Odin)
2018:Old Norse religion
1607:The Beowulf Reader
1416:Lindow (2001:266).
1319:Grimm (1888:1364).
990:
861:Ceres dea frumenti
839:Polytrichum aureum
625:
601:"call Thor's wife
430:
411:
298:
162:is cognate to the
34:
4079:
4078:
4071:Nordic Bronze Age
4061:Germanic paganism
4049:
4048:
3920:Germanic calendar
3884:Temple at Uppsala
3682:
3681:
3286:
3285:
3246:Þjálfi and Röskva
3190:Personifications
2053:and other figures
1972:Media related to
1781:. (2nd edition).
1777:(Trans.) (1990).
1483:978-0-85991-513-7
1383:Simek (2007:283).
1365:Grimm (1882:309).
957:. Red berries of
99:as the mother of
4129:
4117:Swedish folklore
3819:
3737:
3504:Grove of fetters
3297:
3004:Fjalar (rooster)
2764:Fjalar and Galar
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2011:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1971:
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1669:
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1630:Penguin Classics
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1561:
1552:. 30 June 2021.
1542:
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1522:. 30 June 2021.
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1496:Lang (2003:221).
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1028:Modern influence
969:). According to
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797:
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605:, good mother."
585:Swedish folklore
461:Prologue section
422:Elmer Boyd Smith
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4097:Earth goddesses
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4081:
4080:
4075:
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4001:Norse cosmology
3939:
3898:
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3806:Later influence
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3392:Other locations
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3209:Sumarr and Vetr
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2506:Gjálp and Greip
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2015:
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1886:Wayback Machine
1820:The Poetic Edda
1805:Wayback Machine
1779:The Poetic Edda
1769:Clarendon Press
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2145:Móði and Magni
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1963:External links
1961:
1959:
1958:
1942:
1921:
1901:
1874:
1858:
1834:
1816:
1793:
1775:Hollander, Lee
1772:
1756:
1747:
1735:
1730:978-0460876162
1729:
1712:
1707:978-1851821884
1706:
1693:
1687:
1670:
1664:
1644:
1638:
1626:The Prose Edda
1621:
1616:978-0815336662
1615:
1601:
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1593:
1567:
1537:
1507:
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1405:Davidson (1975
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1393:Davidson (1965
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1121:
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1061:Marvel Studios
1036:on the planet
1029:
1026:
1018:Æsir–Vanir War
1005:
1002:
981:
975:
971:Skáldskaparmál
942:
939:
858:is a gloss on
782:, the wife of
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688:
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607:
586:
583:
567:Skáldskaparmál
536:Sons of Ivaldi
528:Skáldskaparmál
509:Skáldskaparmál
452:as a guest at
449:Skáldskaparmál
396:
393:
317:
295:Lorenz Frølich
246:
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173:modern English
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68:. In both the
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3786:Tyrfing Cycle
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3734:Gesta Danorum
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3706:Fróði's Peace
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1937:
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1924:Simek, Rudolf
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1049:Marvel Comics
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926:earth goddess
923:
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43:
39:
30:
26:
22:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3711:Hjaðningavíg
3489:Glæsisvellir
3029:Gullinbursti
2676:Útgarða-Loki
2287:
2070:Almáttki áss
1966:
1948:
1927:
1904:
1877:
1861:
1840:
1837:Lindow, John
1819:
1796:
1778:
1762:
1750:
1741:
1738:Grimm, Jacob
1716:
1697:
1674:
1651:
1625:
1606:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1473:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1379:
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1361:
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1291:
1279:
1267:
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1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1046:
1031:
1009:
1007:
998:Hárbarðsljóð
997:
993:
991:
977:
970:
966:
962:
953:thunder god
944:
935:
909:
904:golden wheat
897:
892:
889:Rudolf Simek
886:
879:
869:
866:etymological
864:" but cites
837:
833:haddr Sifjar
827:Sifjar haddr
823:
805:
763:
759:
755:
709:
693:
683:
679:
669:
666:Magnus Olsen
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
628:
617:
602:
588:
569:listed as a
566:
564:
548:Gullinbursti
527:
525:
508:
504:
502:
497:
492:Gylfaginning
491:
487:
485:
464:
458:
447:
443:Gylfaginning
441:
433:
431:
417:
408:Willy Pogany
403:
386:
380:
376:
370:
344:
319:
318:
301:
299:
290:
256:Hárbarðsljóð
254:
250:
248:
240:Attestations
234:Rudolf Simek
137:
135:
123:
112:golden wheat
109:
96:
84:
82:
73:
69:
55:
49:
41:
35:
25:
3869:Reginnaglar
3801:Orthography
3774:Jómsvíkinga
3749:Poetic Edda
3662:Urðarbrunnr
3657:Mímisbrunnr
3589:Singasteinn
3519:Hindarfjall
3499:Gnipahellir
3479:Ginnungagap
3454:Fyrisvellir
3449:Fornsigtuna
3383:Vimur River
3373:Slidr River
3146:Jörmungandr
2556:Hrímgrímnir
2185:Vili and Vé
1932:D.S. Brewer
1679:Paul Hamlyn
1329:Baker (1994
1236:Byock (2006
1212:Byock (2006
1118:Sif Glacier
1051:character,
1016:before the
980:accusations
696:Jacob Grimm
636:Old English
591:Jacob Grimm
544:Skíðblaðnir
526:Further in
469:euhemerized
467:; Snorri's
426:Skíðblaðnir
377:Poetic Edda
251:Poetic Edda
245:Poetic Edda
230:John Lindow
164:Old English
120:Old English
70:Poetic Edda
51:Poetic Edda
4086:Categories
4036:Viking Age
4011:Philosophy
3879:Sonargöltr
3764:Runestones
3756:Prose Edda
3701:Fimbulvetr
3652:Hvergelmir
3619:Valaskjálf
3579:Sessrúmnir
3549:Jötunheimr
3524:Hlidskjalf
3514:Himinbjörg
3484:Glaðsheimr
3469:Gastropnir
3424:Bilskirnir
3404:Amsvartnir
3317:Gjallarbrú
3300:Underworld
3256:Landvættir
3156:Loddfáfnir
3134:Svaðilfari
3119:Hófvarpnir
3064:Blóðughófi
3044:Hildisvíni
2920:Aurvandill
2681:Vafþrúðnir
2666:Þrúðgelmir
2526:Harðgreipr
1598:References
1586:4 February
1461:: 102–128.
1333:153, n. 72
1106:Emily Rose
955:Horagalles
930:Bronze Age
620:(1909) by
562:for Thor.
505:Prose Edda
488:Prose Edda
465:Prose Edda
434:Prose Edda
420:(1902) by
406:(1920) by
395:Prose Edda
388:Þrymskviða
382:Hymiskviða
293:(1895) by
186:𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰
97:Prose Edda
85:Prose Edda
74:Prose Edda
57:Prose Edda
3991:Mead hall
3925:Þorrablót
3779:Legendary
3674:Yggdrasil
3634:Víðbláinn
3629:Vanaheimr
3604:Þrymheimr
3599:Þrúðvangr
3594:Þrúðheimr
3564:Munarvágr
3554:Mímameiðr
3529:Hnitbjorg
3444:Fólkvangr
3429:Brávellir
3378:Vadgelmir
3363:Kerlaugar
3332:Niðafjöll
3292:Locations
3268:Valkyries
3216:Sæhrímnir
3104:Gulltoppr
3069:Falhófnir
2967:Einherjar
2950:Landdísir
2784:Mótsognir
2774:Hreiðmarr
2686:Víðblindi
2636:Sökkmímir
2626:Mögþrasir
2586:Hyrrokkin
2551:Hrímgerðr
2546:Hræsvelgr
2536:Helreginn
2531:Helblindi
2451:Bergelmir
2115:Ítreksjóð
2022:mythology
1126:, her son
994:Lokasenna
978:Lokasenna
913:storm god
671:Lokasenna
662:Wealhþeow
660:'s wife,
446:, and in
303:Lokasenna
291:Lokasenna
142:Old Norse
136:The name
132:Etymology
4054:See also
3976:Hamingja
3930:Vetrnætr
3915:Dísablót
3910:Álfablót
3716:Ragnarök
3624:Valhalla
3614:Útgarðar
3559:Myrkviðr
3544:Járnviðr
3539:Iðavöllr
3459:Gálgviðr
3439:Fensalir
3348:Élivágar
3322:Náströnd
3312:Éljúðnir
3181:Níðhöggr
3129:Sleipnir
3099:Gullfaxi
2999:Fimafeng
2915:Auðumbla
2734:Billingr
2661:Þrívaldi
2646:Suttungr
2601:Járnsaxa
2571:Hrungnir
2501:Gillingr
2496:Geirröðr
2476:Fárbauti
2466:Býleistr
2431:Angrboða
2383:Gullveig
2095:Heimdall
2085:Dellingr
1947:(1964).
1882:Archived
1839:(2001).
1801:Archived
1761:(1874).
1721:Everyman
1650:(1965).
1581:TheGamer
1554:Archived
1550:Collider
1524:Archived
1429:(1964).
1112:See also
1042:Sif Mons
920:between
898:Scholar
887:Scholar
609:Theories
595:Värmland
579:Járnsaxa
560:Mjöllnir
556:Draupnir
513:Hrungnir
438:Prologue
261:Hárbarðr
72:and the
4092:Ásynjur
4006:Numbers
3986:Kenning
3859:Worship
3815:Society
3725:Sources
3644:Vingólf
3639:Vígríðr
3609:Uppsala
3574:Okolnir
3494:Glitnir
3464:Gandvik
3419:Bifröst
3409:Andlang
3327:Niflhel
3273:Völundr
3221:Skírnir
3161:Móðguðr
2957:Dragons
2940:Byggvir
2769:Gandalf
2754:Dvalinn
2724:Andvari
2561:Hrímnir
2516:Gunnlöð
2486:Fornjót
2481:Fjölvar
2461:Bölþorn
2436:Aurboða
2426:Alvaldi
2378:Gersemi
2195:Ásynjur
2100:Hermóðr
2090:Forseti
2040:Deities
1911:Cassell
1262::96–97)
1250::77–79)
1059:in the
1034:volcano
922:sky god
875:Demeter
848:O. Slav
684:Beowulf
658:Hroðgar
653:Beowulf
629:Beowulf
540:Gungnir
499:combat.
463:of the
432:In the
277:flyting
125:Beowulf
46:goddess
3849:Horses
3688:Events
3669:Ýdalir
3648:Wells
3584:Sindri
3569:Nóatún
3434:Brimir
3399:Asgard
3358:Ífingr
3341:Rivers
3251:Vættir
3109:Gyllir
3019:Fylgja
3009:Fenrir
2962:Draugs
2898:Others
2821:Heroes
2804:Brokkr
2759:Fáfnir
2749:Dúrnir
2744:Durinn
2719:Alvíss
2711:Dwarfs
2696:Vörnir
2606:Laufey
2471:Eggþér
2456:Bestla
2413:Jötnar
2398:Njörðr
2393:Kvasir
2356:Freyja
2308:Snotra
2268:Njörun
2223:Gefjon
2180:Víðarr
2120:Lóðurr
2049:jötnar
2045:dwarfs
1938:
1917:
1897:
1870:
1853:
1830:
1812:
1789:
1727:
1704:
1685:
1662:
1636:
1613:
1560:3 July
1530:3 July
1480:
1073:, the
1071:sequel
1069:, its
967:reynir
963:Ravdna
947:Ravdna
814:Freyja
795:sippio
789:sifjar
779:Sifjar
760:Sippia
726:sippia
704:Freyja
603:godmor
599:Sweden
534:, the
532:dwarfs
521:Freyja
517:jötnar
481:Lóriði
271:at an
225:sifjar
223:byggja
216:Sifjar
204:, and
182:Gothic
159:Sifjar
153:Sifjar
147:sifjar
66:skalds
4041:Völva
4031:Skald
4026:Seiðr
4021:Runes
4016:Rings
3981:Heiti
3966:Galdr
3961:Félag
3951:Death
3944:Other
3854:Hörgr
3769:Sagas
3509:Heiðr
3474:Gimlé
3414:Barri
3353:Gjöll
3278:Vörðr
3241:Troll
3226:Sköll
3186:Norns
3094:Grani
3089:Glenr
3079:Glaðr
3049:Hjúki
3024:Garmr
2977:Elves
2972:Eldir
2945:Dísir
2925:Beyla
2859:Hi–Hy
2809:Eitri
2794:Regin
2739:Dáinn
2691:Vosud
2671:Þrymr
2651:Þjazi
2641:Surtr
2611:Leikn
2581:Hymir
2576:Hrymr
2566:Hroðr
2541:Hljod
2521:Gymir
2511:Gríðr
2491:Gangr
2441:Baugi
2388:Hnoss
2371:Yngvi
2361:Freyr
2348:Vanir
2328:Þrúðr
2303:Skaði
2298:Sjöfn
2293:Sigyn
2278:Rindr
2263:Nanna
2243:Iðunn
2228:Gerðr
2218:Fulla
2213:Frigg
2140:Mímir
2135:Meili
2110:Hœnir
2080:Bragi
2075:Baldr
1298::123)
1286::115)
1274::163)
1131:Notes
1063:film
1038:Venus
1022:Freyr
1014:Njord
959:rowan
941:Rowan
844:Ceres
818:Oðinn
810:Frigg
801:sippo
784:Thôrr
776:gen.
756:Sibja
751:sibbe
732:sippa
716:sibja
712:Goth.
700:Frigg
575:Hildr
571:heiti
552:Freyr
507:book
490:book
477:Sibyl
373:Beyla
281:ferry
273:inlet
253:poem
210:Sippe
201:sippa
192:sibja
144:word
122:poem
116:rowan
101:Þrúðr
89:shorn
4122:Thor
3971:Goði
3956:Ergi
3935:Yule
3834:Blót
3742:Edda
3204:Nótt
3199:Elli
3194:Dagr
3141:Jörð
3084:Glær
3074:Gísl
2935:Búri
2930:Borr
2910:Auðr
2854:H–He
2779:Litr
2701:Ymir
2656:Þökk
2621:Logi
2616:Litr
2446:Beli
2421:Ægir
2283:Sága
2258:Lofn
2253:Irpa
2248:Ilmr
2238:Hlín
2170:Ullr
2160:Thor
2150:Odin
2130:Máni
2125:Loki
2105:Höðr
2062:Æsir
2020:and
1936:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1868:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1717:Edda
1702:ISBN
1683:ISBN
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3307:Hel
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