385:, there was considerable intercaste and intracaste variation in the ceremonial customs of the Sikhs prior to the Tat Khalsa's emergence. Among the Jat Sikhs, a Nai or Brahmin purohit would act as an intermediary initiating negotiations possibly leading to a marriage agreement between the bride and groom households. The date of the marriage would be fixed by astrologers after consulting their horoscopes. Ostentatious displays of loud music and dancing would often be observed in the days preceding the wedding along with the worship of the planets and propitiation at ancestral shrines. The event would conclude with the bride and groom circumambulating around the sacred fire, with the officiating Brahmin reciting verses from holy scriptures. The Tat Khalsa, viewing these rituals as antithetical to Sikh precepts, wrote numerous manuals on the proper conduct of Sikh marriage customs between 1884 and 1915 and demurred against the British legal requirement for Sikhs to be married according to Hindu rites. These books, while ubiquitously renouncing the existing customs, disagreed among themselves on the historical origins of proposed changes and the correct steps within certain rites to be undertaken. They called for the pretermission of Brahmin and astrologer involvement, and asked for the Adi Granth to be the object of veneration, as opposed to the sacred fire. The changes were a radical departure from the marriage traditions observed hitherto. Initially observed by only a small segment of the Sikh population, these changes were gradually legitimized after acceptance by the larger Sikh public, through endorsements from leading Sikh newspapers and the ratification of the Anand Marriage Act in 1909. According to Tanweer Fazal, the Tat Khalsa also intended to encumber Hindu-Sikh marriages which were frequent in Punjab during the time; the Anand Marriage Act only sanctioned marriages between confirmed Sikhs, hence an interfaith marriage conducted through the Anand Karaj would be invalidated by the law. Oberoi goes on to write that the Sanatan Sikh movement, whilst concurring with the Tat Khalsa's reupidation of Brahmin intervention, opposed the substitution of the sacred fire with the Guru Granth Sahib, claiming that there was no evidence of the Sikh gurus observing the Anand marriage rituals and that the Sikh scriptures like the Dasam Granth and the Gur-Bilas only mentioned weddings performed by the circumambulating around a fire. The Tat Khalsa opposed this claim by tracing back the Anand ceremony to Guru Ram Das. W.H. McLeod tentatively concluded that there is no evidence that marriages performed by circumambulating around the Adi Granth was observed or sanctioned by the Gurus, but rather, a result of the Tat Khalsa's ardent efforts to establish a separate identity from Hinduism. There is negligible information on the conduct surrounding marriage ceremonies in historical rahit-namas, an exception to this - the
423:
320:. Although the recitation of Guru Amar Das' stanzas in Sikh ceremonies is a historical and enduring tradition, the practice of circumambulating around the Guru Granth Sahib to conduct a marriage ceremony is a relatively recent innovation that supplanted the tradition of circumambulating around the sacred fire (havan) in the early twentieth century. The Anand ceremony was originally legalised in India through the passage of the Anand Marriage Act of 1909, but is now governed by the
389:, an early nineteenth century text said to reflect the contemporary religious milieu marked by a preponderant Hindu influence among the Sikh masses, stipulated that the wedding ceremony was to be officiated by a Khalsa Sikh, and after the couple was declared married, they would circumambulate around the sacred fire four times while the lavan were sung. One Sikh sect, Namdhari, still require the couple to circumambulate around the sacred fire four times.
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for having performed the first marriage ceremony circumambulating around the Guru Granth Sahib during the reading of marriage hymns on 13 March 1855, as it is practiced by Sikhs today. W.H McLeod states that the Sikh marriage ceremony prior to
Nirankari and Singh Sabha machinations, was essentially a Hindu one; although the recitation of Guru Amar Das' composition,
436:
to the amendment bill, couples whose marriages have been registered under this act will not be required to get their marriage registered under the
Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths Act, 1969, or any other law for the time being in force. Anand Karaj is not recognized in the UK, and a legal English marriage is mandatory.
452:
In 2014 the Sikh
Council in UK developed a consistent approach towards Anand Karaj in Gurdwaras where one partner is not of Sikh origin, following a two-year consultation with Gurdwara Sahib Committees, Sikh Organisations and individuals. The resulting guidelines were approved by the General Assembly
435:
The Assent of the
President of India was received to the Anand Marriage Amendment Act 2012 on 7 June 2012. The Act paved the way for the validation of Sikh traditional marriages, amending the Anand Marriage Act of 1909, thus providing for compulsory registration of "Anand Karaj" marriages. According
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It is claimed that founder of the
Nirankari movement, Dayal Das, resuscitated the ritual of marrying in the attendance of the Guru Granth Sahib and reading the lavan, also known as marriage hymn. His own marriage took place according to Sikh rites in 1808, whereas his son, Darbara Singh is accredited
365:
The history of the Anand marriage ceremony is traced back to the time of Guru Amar Das (1479–1574), who composed the long 40-stanza hymn "Anand", in the
Ramkali measure, suitable to be sung or recited on all occasions of religious importance. His successor, Guru Ram Das, composed a four-stanza hymn,
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The core of the Anand Karaj (the 'blissful ceremony') is the 'lavan', wherein shabads are sung with the bride and groom circumambulating the Guru Granth Sahib. The ceremony serves to provide the foundational principles towards a successful marriage and also places the marriage within the context of
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Indeed, before the intervention of the Singh Sabha there was no uniform Sikh wedding ritual. The majority of Sikhs were married by the vedi tradition whereby circuits (pheras) were taken around the fire, as in the Hindu manner. In
October 1909, the Anand Marriage Act was legalized. From then on,
453:
of Sikh
Council UK on 11 October 2014, and state that Gurdwaras are encouraged to ensure that both parties to an Anand Karaj wedding are Sikhs, but that where a couple chooses to undertake a civil marriage they should be offered the opportunity to hold an
366:"Lavan", which is recited and sung to solemnize nuptials. During the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his successors, however, this ceremony fell into partial disuse under the renewed Brahmanical influence at court as well as in society.
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Pakistan declared that it would pass the Sikh Anand
Marriage Act in 2007 and a Draft was prepared. In 2018, Pakistani's Punjab Provincial Assembly passed the Punjab Sikh Anand Karaj Marriage Act 2018.
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reform movement of the mid-19th century made the practice of the Anand ceremony a vital plank in its programme as did the later, more widely influential Singh Sabha.
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In 2012, India passed The Anand
Marriage (Amendment) Bill, after which Sikhs are able to register their marriages under the Anand Karaj Marriage Act instead of the
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was a long-held tradition, the marriage ceremony was completed with the circumabulation around the sacred fire. According to
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unity with God. Guru Ram Das composed the four stanzas of Lavan to be sung and recited as the core of the Anand Karaj.
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Webster, John C. B. (1 May 2018). "'The Nineteenth Century (The Nirankaris and the Anand Marriage Act)".
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www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ritesrituals/weddings.shtml (article written by Gurmukh Singh)
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The Construction of religious boundaries : Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition
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In 2018, Pakistani's Punjab Provincial Assembly passed the Punjab Sikh Anand Karaj Marriage Act 2018.
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Nation-state and Minority Rights in India: Comparative Perspectives on Muslim and Sikh Identities
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880:"Sikhs hail the passage of Sikh Marriage Act in Indian Parliament | India America Today"
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825:"The Anand Marriage (Amendment) Act, 2012 Published in the Gazzette of India - Family Law"
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907:"Sikh Council UK Develops Guidelines of Approach to Inter-Faith Marriages in Gurdwaras"
194:
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646:
619:
465:, or other service to celebrate their marriage in the presence of family and friends.
306:, meaning "Act towards happiness" or "Act towards happy life", that was introduced by
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Modern photograph of a Sikh Bride and Groom after their Sikh wedding ceremony
316:(hymns which take place during the ceremony) were composed by his successor,
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Sikhs were to be married by taking four pheras around the Guru Granth Sahib.
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651:. Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press. pp. 336–343.
567:. Vol. 1: A-D. Punjabi University (Patiala). pp. 539–540.
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850:"Sikhs can register marriages under Anand Act - Times of India"
527:"Bill to amend Anand Marriage Act introduced - Hindustan Times"
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permit Anand Karaj of non-Sikhs, which has led to controversy.
3177:
1864:
1846:
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324:(Sikh code of conduct and conventions) that was issued by the
489:
The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986
1000:
940:
Anank Karaj (Laavan Lyrics in Punjabi, Hindi and English)
414:
The ceremony is now universally observed by the Sikhs.
509:"Akal Takht's Stand Against Destination Sikh Weddings"
440:
Punjab Sikh Anand Karaj Marriage Act 2018 (Pakistan)
404:
Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs
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Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs
771:. East African Educational Publishers. p. 13.
347:(baptized) Sikh may perform the marriage ceremony.
741:Sikhs of the Khalsa: A History of the Khalsa Rahit
431:The Anand Marriage (Amendment) Act, 2012 (India)
981:Teja Singh Mangat, The Sikh Marriage Ceremony,
935:Sikh Wedding Customs & Traditions In Detail
391:
586:
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1880:
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744:. Oxford University Press. pp. 240–242.
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8:
768:Oral Literature of the Asians in East Africa
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1001:
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2196:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
945:THE ANAND MARRIAGE (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2012
553:Punjab Sikh Anand Karaj Marriage Act 2018
421:
273:
500:
339:, Anand Karaj can only take place in a
326:Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee
43:
698:
549:
547:
448:Anand Karaj of a Sikh with a non-Sikh
7:
854:articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
597:. Taylor & Francis. p. 17.
985:(Publishers), Fourth edition, 1991
905:Sikh Council UK (25 October 2014).
972:Anand Karaj - A Union of Two Souls
25:
3107:Arunachal Pradesh (Panchai baja)
2999:
2998:
2990:
2801:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
792:Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur (2016).
672:Fazal, Tanweer (1 August 2014).
621:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
2991:
1842:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
624:. Scarecrow Press. p. 35.
594:A Popular Dictionary of Sikhism
2895:Sikhism and sexual orientation
983:The Sikh Missionary Society UK
967:Sikh Marriage by Gurmukh Singh
1:
811:"'Anand Karaj and the Lavan'"
484:Uniform civil code of India
331:In a recent verdict of the
3495:
2255:British East India Company
809:SikhNet (11 August 2009).
479:Special Marriage Act, 1954
2988:
2667:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
2647:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
2596:Johann Martin Honigberger
2455:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
1038:
418:Sikh marriage legislation
296:
2657:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
2652:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
765:Kirmani, Mubina (2002).
565:Encyclopaedia of Sikhism
3127:Kerala (Kettu Kalyanam)
2662:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
2540:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
1465:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
977:About Anand Karaj in UK
645:Oberoi, Harjot (1994).
563:Singh, Harbans (1995).
130:Prohibitions in Sikhism
62:Foundations of Practice
2495:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
2480:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
2470:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
2450:Sher Singh Attariwalla
2445:Sham Singh Attariwalla
2341:Officials and warriors
2250:Emirate of Afghanistan
2156:Battle of Chillianwala
1381:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
1130:Beliefs and principles
957:Anand Karaj - Marriage
950:27 August 2018 at the
738:McLeod, W. H. (2003).
618:McLeod, W. H. (1995).
591:Cole, W. Owen (2005).
427:
408:
400:Opinderjit Kaur Takhar
361:History of Anand Karaj
297:ਅਨੰਦ ਕਾਰਜ ānada kāraja
285:
27:Sikh marriage ceremony
3479:Marriage and religion
2833:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
2576:François Henri Mouton
2566:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
2405:Khushal Singh Jamadar
2192:Panchayati Revolution
2188:Hill States–Sikh Wars
2143:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1455:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
962:After The Anand Karaj
425:
278:A Sikh couple taking
277:
3474:Weddings by religion
3291:Gaye holud (Bengali)
3271:Balle Mallarada Puje
3188:Sri Lanka (Buddhist)
3100:By region or culture
2614:Influential families
2571:Claude Auguste Court
2561:Jean-François Allard
2475:Surat Singh Majithia
2465:Lehna Singh Majithia
2270:Hill States Alliance
2123:Battle of Ferozeshah
2110:First Anglo-Sikh War
1830:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
1808:Piara Singh Bhaniara
1687:United Arab Emirates
1425:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
1155:Cannabis and Sikhism
183:Liturgical Practices
3043:South Asian wedding
2905:Idolatry in Sikhism
2823:Nanakshahi calendar
2818:Sikh Light Infantry
2460:Amar Singh Majithia
2395:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
2186:, Katoch–Sikh War,
714:The Nirankari Sikhs
459:Sukhmani Sahib Path
383:Harjot Singh Oberoi
343:(Sikh temple). Any
284:during the ceremony
2806:11th Sikh Regiment
2621:Sandhawalia family
2535:Sultan Mahmud Khan
2520:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
2505:Sangat Singh Saini
2400:Dewan Mokham Chand
2275:Kingdom of Mankera
2151:Battle of Ramnagar
2095:Battle of Peshawar
2090:Battle of Nowshera
1967:Battle of Bhangani
1445:Nanak Shahi bricks
1348:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
1140:Sikh Rehat Maryada
1135:Guru Maneyo Granth
533:on 31 October 2012
515:. 17 October 2023.
428:
352:Hindu Marriage Act
286:
159:Communal Practices
137:Daily Prayers and
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3450:
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2691:Bandi Chhor Divas
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2674:
2609:
2608:
2581:Alexander Gardner
2500:Kahan Singh Nakai
2485:Akali Phula Singh
2365:Diwan Bhawani Das
2202:
2201:
2133:Battle of Sobraon
2085:Battle of Shopian
1570:Jammu and Kashmir
1470:Well of Dina Nath
1298:Guru Granth Sahib
1111:Guru Granth Sahib
1106:Guru Gobind Singh
1101:Guru Tegh Bahadur
751:978-0-19-565916-0
724:978-0-429-84293-1
685:978-1-317-75178-6
658:978-0-226-61592-9
631:978-0-8108-3035-6
322:Sikh Reht Maryada
272:
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16:(Redirected from
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2930:Punjabi language
2890:Women in Sikhism
2430:Balbhadra Kunwar
2390:Hari Singh Nalwa
2380:Misr Diwan Chand
2370:Diwan Buta Singh
2345:
2285:Barakzai dynasty
2260:Kingdom of Nepal
2214:Sikh Khalsa Army
2166:Battle of Gujrat
2128:Battle of Aliwal
2100:Battle of Jamrud
2080:Battle of Multan
2075:Battle of Attock
2067:Afghan–Sikh wars
1959:Mughal-Sikh Wars
1955:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1746:Sects of Sikhism
1712:Northern Ireland
1440:Moti Bagh Palace
1415:Bahadurgarh Fort
1113:(Sikh holy book)
1096:Guru Har Krishan
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882:. Archived from
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860:on 13 April 2013
856:. Archived from
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829:Lawyersclubindia
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529:. Archived from
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513:Gaba Travel Blog
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304:wedding ceremony
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3321:Shakunamanojaya
3301:Mangala Ashtaka
3296:Kankana Dharane
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3112:Bengal (Muslim)
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2626:Majithia family
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2586:Paolo Avitabile
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2530:Fakir Azizuddin
2440:Mehta Basti Ram
2360:Diwan Dina Nath
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2280:Namgyal dynasty
2228:
2207:Military forces
2198:
2170:
2161:Siege of Multan
2137:
2118:Battle of Mudki
2104:
2061:
1950:
1944:
1920:Nau Nihal Singh
1898:
1893:
1853:
1738:and communities
1737:
1730:
1474:
1460:Ramgarhia Bunga
1371:Harmandir Sahib
1352:
1284:
1166:
1162:Diet in Sikhism
1116:
1047:
1034:
1029:
952:Wayback Machine
931:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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3469:Indian wedding
3466:
3464:Sikh practices
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3276:Vadhu Pravesha
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3250:Stealing shoes
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3142:Sikkim (Limbu)
3139:
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3117:Bengal (Hindu)
3114:
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3101:
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2601:Henry Lawrence
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2545:Sohan Lal Suri
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2296:Maqpon Dynasty
2293:
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2245:Durrani Empire
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2236:
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2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2204:
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2200:
2199:
2180:Nepal–Sikh War
2178:
2176:
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2169:
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2163:
2158:
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2059:
2054:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
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1946:
1945:
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1932:
1927:
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1825:Damdami Taksal
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1692:United Kingdom
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1343:Sukhmani Sahib
1340:
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1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Sarbloh Granth
1305:
1300:
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1185:Sikh practices
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1086:Guru Hargobind
1083:
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1005:
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979:
974:
969:
964:
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942:
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930:
929:External links
927:
924:
923:
897:
886:on 27 May 2012
871:
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701:, p. 386.
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574:978-8173801006
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555:
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481:
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467:Some gurdwaras
449:
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396:
379:Ramkali Anand,
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46:Sikh practices
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40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3491:
3480:
3477:
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3380:
3378:
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3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:Mangala sutra
3355:
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3350:
3348:
3345:
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3235:Dahej (dowry)
3233:
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3221:
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3199:
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3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:India (Hindu)
3171:
3169:
3166:
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3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
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3019:
3018:
3015:
3005:
2997:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Kesgarh Sahib
2968:
2966:
2965:Damdama Sahib
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
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2928:
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2814:
2813:Sikh Regiment
2811:
2807:
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2799:
2797:
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2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2631:Tiwana family
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Josiah Harlan
2589:
2587:
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2577:
2574:
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2435:Jawahar Singh
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
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2410:Zorawar Singh
2408:
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2322:Harkishangarh
2320:
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2256:
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2246:
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2241:
2240:Mughal Empire
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:Sino-Sikh war
2181:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
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2052:Gurdas Nangal
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Chappar Chiri
2025:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
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1815:Agrahari Sikh
1813:
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1736:Groups, sects
1733:
1725:
1724:U.S. Military
1722:
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1720:
1719:United States
1717:
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1435:Khanda museum
1433:
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1407:
1406:North America
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3240:Mahr (dower)
3147:Tamil (Iyer)
3085:
2942:Sacred trees
2723:Other topics
2696:Hola Mohalla
2525:Ilahi Bakhsh
2385:Diwan Mulraj
2375:Pratap Singh
2332:Zorawar Fort
1987:2nd Anandpur
1982:1st Anandpur
1940:Duleep Singh
1915:Kharak Singh
1910:Ranjit Singh
1803:Mazhabi Sikh
1662:South Africa
1430:Kesgarh Qila
1376:Janam Asthan
1358:Architecture
1303:Dasam Granth
1270:Charhdi Kala
1214:
1150:Prohibitions
1091:Guru Har Rai
1076:Guru Ram Das
916:11 September
914:. Retrieved
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115:Five Thieves
110:Five Virtues
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18:Sikh wedding
3433:Photography
3209:Inter-caste
3178:Nepal (Ihi)
3091:Zoroastrian
3049:By religion
2980:Patna Sahib
2975:Hazur Sahib
2510:Hukma Singh
2425:Gulab Singh
2355:Dhian Singh
2327:Lahore Fort
2317:Multan Fort
2312:Jamrud Fort
2265:Qing Empire
2233:Adversaries
2219:Fauj-i-Khas
1896:Sikh Empire
1859:Sikh Empire
1837:Singh Sabha
1766:Nanakpanthi
1677:Switzerland
1667:South Korea
1627:New Zealand
1622:Netherlands
1493:Afghanistan
1323:Japji Sahib
1255:The Five Ks
1250:Vand Chhako
1215:Anand Karaj
699:Oberoi 1994
463:Akhand Path
387:Prem Sumarg
310:. The four
289:Anand Karaj
231:Anand Karaj
190:Akhand Pāth
94:Vand Chhako
3458:Categories
3223:Traditions
3168:Bangladesh
3161:By country
2960:Akal Takht
2900:In Fiction
2885:Ravidassia
2853:Dharamyudh
2776:Literature
2766:Panj Pyare
2706:Mela Maghi
2554:Foreigners
2515:Veer Singh
2490:Chandu Lal
2224:Fauj-i-Ain
1930:Sher Singh
1925:Chand Kaur
1781:Sewapanthi
1508:Bangladesh
1480:By country
1450:Pul Kanjri
1420:Fateh Burj
1333:Jaap Sahib
1318:Mul Mantar
1240:Kirat Karo
1225:Amrit Velā
1210:Naam Karan
1190:Sikh rites
1122:Philosophy
1081:Guru Arjan
1066:Guru Angad
1061:Guru Nanak
911:Sikh24.com
864:17 January
834:18 January
537:2013-10-12
495:References
345:Amritdhari
333:Akal Takht
221:Naam Karan
152:Amrit Velā
103:Discipline
89:Kirat Karo
52:discipline
3397:Upanayana
3362:Nose ring
3326:Upanayana
3311:Saptapadi
3306:Parikrama
3281:Bou Bhaat
3266:Kanyadana
3066:Christian
2910:Criticism
2828:Ramananda
2683:Festivals
2420:Lal Singh
2415:Tej Singh
2292:of Poonch
2042:Jalalabad
1951:conflicts
1935:Jind Kaur
1776:Nirankari
1657:Singapore
1587:Indonesia
1523:Vancouver
1498:Australia
1290:Scripture
1245:Naam Japo
1172:Practices
371:Nirankari
337:Hukamnama
299:) is the
84:Naam Japo
3443:Websites
3402:Varamala
3316:Satphere
3204:Arranged
3183:Pakistan
3061:Buddhist
3004:Category
2934:Gurmukhī
2925:Punjabis
2868:Hinduism
2796:Politics
2756:Waheguru
2751:Ik Onkar
2713:Vaisakhi
2640:Treaties
2022:Sadhaura
1992:Chamkaur
1949:Military
1791:Ramraiya
1761:Namdhari
1702:Scotland
1682:Thailand
1642:Pakistan
1612:Malaysia
1488:Diaspora
1366:Gurdwara
1041:Glossary
948:Archived
473:See also
397:—
341:Gurdwara
328:(SGPC).
213:Sanskars
166:Daswandh
37:a series
35:Part of
3347:Bangles
3259:Rituals
3137:Punjabi
3076:Islamic
2996:Outline
2920:History
2863:Jainism
2736:Culture
2731:History
2348:Natives
2290:Sudhans
2037:Lohgarh
2017:Sirhind
2007:Sonepat
2002:Muktsar
1786:Nirmala
1697:England
1555:Germany
1545:Finland
1535:Denmark
1513:Belgium
1503:Austria
1328:Chaupai
1313:Gurbani
1275:Dasvand
1045:History
1032:Sikhism
890:15 June
313:laavaan
293:Punjabi
281:Laavaan
120:Five Ks
3382:Sindur
3230:Baraat
3152:Telugu
3122:Hajong
3081:Jewish
3056:Bahá'í
2915:Punjab
2848:Dastar
2843:Sardar
2791:Places
2761:Khanda
2175:Others
2012:Samana
1977:Basoli
1972:Nadaun
1903:Rulers
1771:Nihang
1751:Khalsa
1672:Sweden
1652:Poland
1647:Panama
1637:Norway
1580:Punjab
1560:Greece
1550:France
1518:Canada
1401:Europe
1391:Africa
1338:Rehras
1280:Jhatka
1260:Simran
1205:Langar
1200:Kirtan
1180:Khalsa
989:
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176:Kirtan
171:Langar
147:Nitnem
69:Simran
3438:Songs
3421:Other
3392:Topor
3387:Tiara
3377:Sehra
3372:Pheta
3367:Palki
3352:Henna
3335:Items
3286:Gauna
3245:Nikah
3197:Types
3071:Hindu
2952:Takht
2880:Sikhs
2858:Islam
2838:Kabir
2786:Names
2781:Music
2771:Films
2746:Music
2701:Maghi
2305:Forts
2057:Delhi
2047:Jammu
2032:Rahon
1997:Sarsa
1820:Jatha
1796:Udasi
1707:Wales
1617:Nepal
1607:Japan
1602:Italy
1575:Kochi
1565:India
1530:China
1195:Ardās
1053:Gurus
455:Ardas
205:Hukam
200:Ardās
139:Hymns
125:Rehat
3428:Card
3342:Alta
3214:Love
3132:Odia
3086:Sikh
2873:Rama
1756:Mina
1632:Niue
1597:Iraq
1592:Iran
1540:Fiji
1396:Asia
1386:List
1265:Sewa
1043:and
987:ISBN
918:2016
892:2012
866:2022
836:2019
773:ISBN
746:ISBN
719:ISBN
680:ISBN
653:ISBN
626:ISBN
599:ISBN
569:ISBN
369:The
335:, a
301:Sikh
74:Sewa
49:and
2741:Art
1847:3HO
3460::
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