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1941:. Dow Corning Silicones, Evonik Industries, Momentive Performance Materials, Milliken and Company (SiVance Specialty Silicones), Shin-Etsu Silicones, Wacker Chemie, Bluestar Silicones, JNC Corporation, Wacker Asahikasei Silicone, and Dow Corning Toray represent the collective membership of these organizations. A fourth organization, the Global Silicone Council (GSC) acts as an umbrella structure over the regional organizations. All four are non-profit, having no commercial role; their primary missions are to promote the safety of silicones from a health, safety, and environmental perspective. As the European chemical industry is preparing to implement the
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1841:
1897:, manufacturers now commonly use 100% silicone sealant to join glass plates. Glass joints made with silicone sealant can withstand great pressure, making obsolete the original aquarium construction method of angle-iron and putty. This same silicone is used to make hinges in aquarium lids or for minor repairs. However, not all commercial silicones are safe for aquarium manufacture, nor is silicone used for the manufacture of acrylic aquariums as silicones do not have long-term adhesion to plastics.
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glossiness (and possibly impart subtle color changes). Phenyltrimethicones, unlike the conditioning amodimethicones, have refractive indices (typically 1.46) close to that of a human hair (1.54). However, if included in the same formulation, amodimethicone and phenyltrimethicone interact and dilute each other, making it difficult to achieve both high shine and excellent conditioning in the same product.
1648:
1917:. Platinum silicones are ideal for simulating flesh and skin due to their strength, firmness, and translucency, creating a convincing effect. Silicone masks have an advantage over latex masks in that because of the material properties, the mask hugs the wearers face and moves in a realistic manner with the wearer's facial expressions. Silicone is often used as a hypoallergenic substitute for
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1265:, these grades can be used in the construction of gaskets for windows and cabin doors. During operation, aircraft go through large temperature fluctuations in a relatively short period of time; from the ambient temperatures when on the ground in hot countries to sub-zero temperatures when flying at high altitude.
987:. Ideally, each molecule of such a compound becomes a branch point. This process can be used to produce hard silicone resins. Similarly, precursors with three methyl groups can be used to limit molecular weight, since each such molecule has only one reactive site and so forms the end of a siloxane chain.
1424:. Silicone is used as an insulator in heat-resistant potholders and similar items; however, it is more conductive of heat than similar less dense fiber-based products. Silicone oven mitts are able to withstand temperatures up to 260 °C (500 °F), making it possible to reach into boiling water.
1556:
in silicone to increase stability against mechanical and electrical shock, radiation and vibration, a process called "potting". Silicones are used where durability and high performance are demanded of components under extreme environmental conditions, such as in space (satellite technology). They are
1742:
following vitrectomy, silicone intraocular lenses following cataract extraction, silicone tubes to keep a nasolacrimal passage open following dacryocystorhinostomy, canalicular stents for canalicular stenosis, punctal plugs for punctal occlusion in dry eyes, silicone rubber and bands as an external
1583:
The use of silicones in electronics is not without problems, however. Silicones are relatively expensive and can be attacked by certain solvents. Silicone easily migrates as either a liquid or vapor onto other components. Silicone contamination of electrical switch contacts can lead to failures by
1280:
As the nature of air travel results in much noise and vibration, powerful engines, landings, and high speeds all need to be considered to ensure passenger comfort and safe operation of the aircraft. As silicone rubber has exceptional noise reduction and anti-vibration properties, it can be formed
1276:
Silicone rubber's resistance to heat corrosion enables it to be used for gaskets in aircraft engines where it will outlast other types of rubber, both improving aircraft safety and reducing maintenance costs. The silicone acts to seal instrument panels and other electrical systems in the cockpit,
1403:
A silicone polymer can be suspended in water by using stabilizing surfactants. This allows water-based formulations to be used to deliver many ingredients that would otherwise require a stronger solvent, or be too viscous to use effectively. For example, a waterborne formulation using a silane's
1257:
due to its sealing properties, stability across an extreme temperature range, durability, sound dampening and anti-vibration qualities, and naturally flame retardant properties. Maintaining extreme functionality is paramount for passenger safety in the aerospace industry, so each component on an
1638:
Silicone is a popular alternative to traditional metals (such as silver and gold) with jewelry, specifically rings. Silicone rings are commonly worn in professions where metal rings can lead to injuries, such as electrical conduction and ring avulsions. During the mid-2010's, some professional
1778:, foams, rubber, and low-temperature alloys. A silicone mold generally requires little or no mold-release or surface preparation, as most materials do not adhere to silicone. For experimental uses, ordinary one-part silicone can be used to make molds or to mold into shapes. If needed, common
1813:
functionalized amodimethicones, are excellent hair conditioners, providing improved compatibility, feel, and softness, and lessening frizz. The phenyl dimethicones, in another silicone family, are used in reflection-enhancing and color-correcting hair products, where they increase shine and
1357:
can be 3D printed (liquid deposition modelling, LDM) using pump-nozzle extrusion systems. Unfortunately, standard silicone formulations are optimized to be used by extrusion and injection moulding machines and are not applicable in LDM-based 3D printing. The rheological behavior and the
468:(born 11 March 1903) was an American chemist and inventor. He has been called the "Father of Silicones" and is credited with the launch of the silicone industry in the 1930s. His most notable contributions include his creation of silicone from silicon compounds and his method of making
1164:
lists the following major categories of application: Electrical (e.g. insulation), electronics (e.g., coatings), household (e.g., sealants and cooking utensils), automobile (e.g. gaskets), airplane (e.g., seals), office machines (e.g. keyboard pads), medicine and dentistry (e.g.
1607:
openings within the fire-resistance-rated wall and floor assemblies to prevent the spread of flames and smoke from one room to another. When properly installed, silicone-foam firestops can be fabricated for building code compliance. Advantages include flexibility and high
1277:
protecting printed circuit boards from the risks of extreme altitude such as moisture and extremely low temperature. Silicone can be used as a sheath to protect wires and electrical components from any dust or ice that may creep into a plane's inner workings.
1337:
became the first building to receive exterior glass fixed only with the material. Silicone membranes have been used to cover and restore industrial roofs, thanks to its extreme UV resistance, and ability to keep their waterproof performance for decades.
1149:
Silicone can be developed into rubber sheeting, where it has other properties, such as being FDA compliant. This extends the uses of silicone sheeting to industries that demand hygiene, for example, food and beverage, and pharmaceuticals.
1237:; the high strength of silicone rubber makes it an optimal adhesive and sealant for high impact airbags. Silicones in combination with thermoplastics provide improvements in scratch and mar resistance and lowered coefficient of friction.
1975:
is a very persistent, very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substance". Other silicones biodegrade readily, a process that is accelerated by a variety of catalysts, including clays. Cyclic silicones have been shown to involve the occurrence of
1584:
causing an increase in contact resistance, often late in the life of the contact, well after any testing is completed. Use of silicone-based spray products in electronic devices during maintenance or repairs can cause later failures.
1207:
Automotive spark plug wires are insulated by multiple layers of silicone to prevent sparks from jumping to adjacent wires, causing misfires. Silicone tubing is sometimes used in automotive intake systems (especially for engines with
976:
1317:
and caulks are in common use to seal gaps, joints and crevices in buildings. One-part silicones cure by absorbing atmospheric moisture, which simplifies installation. In plumbing, silicone grease is typically applied to O-rings in
1145:, making silicone useful for medical applications in which increased aeration is desired. Conversely, silicone rubbers cannot be used where gas-tight seals are necessary such as seals for high-pressure gasses or high vacuum.
732:
1281:
into small components and fitted into small gaps ensuring all equipment can be protected from unwanted vibration such as overhead lockers, vent ducts, hatches, entertainment system seals, and LED lighting systems.
1863:, with other ingredients. This substance is noted for its unusual characteristics, e.g., that it bounces, but breaks when given a sharp blow; it will also flow like a liquid and form a puddle given enough time.
1671:. Typically, a dry-set lubricant is delivered with a solvent carrier to penetrate the mechanism. The solvent then evaporates, leaving a clear film that lubricates but does not attract dirt and grit as much as an
1880:) used as an arts-and-crafts material, as its plasticity allows it to be molded by hand like modeling clay. It hardens at room temperature and it is adhesive to various substances including glass and aluminum.
1870:" toys at two to four times the price (in 2014). Silicone bands also come in bracelet sizes that can be custom embossed with a name or message. Large silicone bands are also sold as utility tie-downs.
281:
1124:. This property has led to the widespread use of silicones in the construction industry (e.g. coatings, fire protection, glazing seals) and the automotive industry (external gaskets, external trim).
369:, silicones can be synthesized with a wide variety of properties and compositions. They can vary in consistency from liquid to gel to rubber to hard plastic. The most common siloxane is linear
1169:), textiles and paper (e.g. coatings). For these applications, an estimated 400,000 tonnes of silicones were produced in 1991. Specific examples, both large and small are presented below.
2271:
Alexander C. Filippou, Bernhard Baars, Yury N. Lebedev, and Gregor
Schnakenburg (2014): "SiliconâOxygen Double Bonds: A Stable Silanone with a TrigonalâPlanar Coordinated Silicon Center".
1942:
1720:
is often used for this purpose, since its specific crosslinking results in a flexible and soft silicone with high durability and tack. It has also been used as the hydrophobic block of
2948:
2019:
O/(g·hr) for plastics and mineral oil). By 250 °C (482 °F), copious amounts of formaldehyde have been found to be produced by all silicones (1,200 to 4,600 Όg CH
3018:
S. Varaprath, K. L. Salyers, K. P. Plotzke and S. Nanavati: "Identification of
Metabolites of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in Rat Urine", Drug Metab Dispos 1999, 27, 1267-1273.
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1404:
reactivity and penetration ability into a mineral-based surface can be combined with water-beading properties from a siloxane to produce a more-useful surface protection product.
514:. Silicones are compounds that contain silicon, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and perhaps other kinds of atoms as well, and have many very different physical and chemical properties.
1569:
range is required (â65 to 315 °C). Silicones also have the advantage of little exothermic heat rise during cure, low toxicity, good electrical properties, and high purity.
1230:
Automotive body manufacturing plants and paint shops avoid silicones, as trace contamination may cause "fish eyes", which are small, circular craters which mar a smooth finish.
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776:
129:-like substances. Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include
1967:, are air and water pollutants and have negative health effects on test animals. They are used in various personal care products. The European Chemicals Agency found that "D
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1988:. However, the doses required for inhibition are by orders of magnitude higher than the ones resulting from the accumulated exposure to consumer products containing
566:
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V. N. Khabashesku; Z. A. Kerzina; K. N. Kudin; O. M. Nefedov (1998). "Matrix isolation infrared and density functional theoretical studies of organic silanones, (CH
1615:
Silicone-foam firestops have been the subject of controversy and press attention due to smoke development from pyrolysis of combustible components within the foam,
2722:
1465:
2582:
Bertin, Chloé; Abbas, Rachid; Andrieu, Valérie; Michard, Florence; Rioux, Christophe; Descamps, Vincent; Yazdanpanah, Yazdan; Bouscarat, Fabrice (January 2019).
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1999:(but lesser amounts than other common materials such as polyethylene). At this temperature, silicones were found to have lower formaldehyde generation than
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do not require coating with cooking oil; in addition, the flexibility of the rubber allows the baked food to be easily removed from the mold after cooking.
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properties. Because silicone can be formulated to be electrically insulative or conductive, it is suitable for a wide range of electrical applications.
53:
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or crosslinks in the polymer chain can be introduced by using organosilicone precursors with fewer alkyl groups, such as methyl trichlorosilane and
2421:
Courtial, Edwin-Joffrey; Perrinet, Clément; Colly, Arthur; Mariot, David; Frances, Jean-Marc; Fulchiron, René; Marquette, Christophe (2019-08-01).
1245:
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1945:, CES is leading the formation of a consortium of silicones, silanes, and siloxanes producers and importers to facilitate data and cost-sharing.
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As a low-taint, non-toxic material, silicone can be used where contact with food is required. Silicone is becoming an important product in the
193:
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438:). Kipping was well aware that polydiphenylsiloxane is polymeric whereas benzophenone is monomeric and noted the contrasting properties of
1929:
The leading global manufacturers of silicone base materials belong to three regional organizations: the
European Silicone Center (CES) in
2788:
2489:
2210:
2119:
Seyferth, D., Prud'Homme, C., Wiseman, G., Cyclic
Polysiloxanes from the Hydrolysis of Dichlorosilane, Inorganic Chemistry, 22, 2163-2167
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which are impractical at supersonic speeds. Similar treatments were eventually adapted to the automotive market in products marketed by
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by combustion. However, they have a strong tendency to polymerize into siloxanes. The first stable silanone was obtained in 2014 by
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2104:
472:, a high-quality glass later used in aeronautics, advanced telecommunications, and computer chips. His work led to the formation of
2584:"Illicit massive silicone injections always induce chronic and definitive silicone blood diffusion with dermatologic complications"
2503:
W. Witter & R. Leiper (1979). "A Comparison for the
Effects of Various Forms of Silicon Contamination on Contact Performance".
1453:
1980:
during biodegradation in mammals. The resulting silanediols and silanetriols are capable of inhibiting hydrolytic enzymes such as
763:) as the reaction product of a much slower curing process. This chemistry is used in many consumer applications, such as silicone
2740:
1735:
Illicit cosmetic silicone injections may induce chronic and definitive silicone blood diffusion with dermatologic complications.
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components since it is stable at high temperatures, is not water-soluble, and is far less likely than other lubricants to foul.
3167:
2167:
2399:
2384:<161::aid-prep161>3.0.co;2-4 "Fast Burning Rocket Propellants Based on Silicone Binders â New Aspects of an Old System"
2971:
2423:"Silicone rheological behavior modification for 3D printing: Evaluation of yield stress impact on printed object properties"
1431:
for chocolate, ice, cookies, muffins, and various other foods; non-stick bakeware and reusable mats used on baking sheets;
2631:
1809:
Silicones are ingredients widely used in skincare, color cosmetic and hair care applications. Some silicones, notably the
1624:
980:
3182:
3157:
1961:
1954:
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solvent. The use of silicones in dry cleaning reduces the environmental effect of a typically high-polluting industry.
1330:
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2726:
2547:"A ton of couples are skipping the fancy wedding rings and opting for these $ 20 rubber bands instead â here's why"
534:
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1995:
At around 200 °C (392 °F) in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, polydimethylsiloxane releases traces of
1619:
gas escape, shrinkage, and cracking. These problems have led to reportable events among licensees (operators of
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3D printing also requires the use of a removable support material that is compatible with the silicone rubber.
1334:
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Silicone "rubber bands" are a long-lasting popular replacement refill for real rubber bands in the 2013 fad "
1668:
361:) with two groups attached to each silicon center. The materials can be cyclic or polymeric. By varying the
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strength. Disadvantages include combustibility (hard to extinguish) and significant smoke development.
1396:
Many fabrics can be coated or impregnated with silicone to form a strong, waterproof composite such as
2837:
454:. The discovery of the structural differences between Kipping's molecules and the ketones means that
2997:
2546:
1985:
1953:
Silicone compounds are pervasive in the environment. Particular silicone compounds, cyclic siloxanes
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in tractional retinal detachment, and anteriorly-located break in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
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are used instead of silyl chlorides. The hydrolysis of the acetates produces the less dangerous
507:
1006:) as a white powder, char, and various gases. The readily dispersed powder is sometimes called
1233:
Additionally, silicone compounds such as silicone rubber are used as coatings and sealants for
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form airtight seals both on the ground and in the air, where atmospheric pressure decreases.
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971:{\displaystyle n\ {\ce {Si(CH3)2(CH3COO)2}}+n\ {\ce {H2O -> }}_{n}+2n\ {\ce {CH3COOH}}}
138:
134:
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1821:
nipples (teats) for its cleanliness, aesthetic appearance, and low extractable content.
3027:
2608:
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2163:"XLVII. Organic derivatives of silicon. Triphenylsilicol and alkyloxysilicon chlorides"
1989:
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2316:, Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, IGI Global, pp. 73â104, 2020,
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is no longer the correct term (though it remains in common usage) and that the term
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1996:
1938:
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469:
423:
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171:
130:
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Silicone is often used to seal maintenance access openings in aerospace equipment.
294:
in benzene with water, the product was determined to have the approximate formula
2295:: A versatile stereolithographic approach assisted by thiol-ene click chemistry.
1373:
Silicone films can be applied to such silica-based substrates as glass to form a
3113:
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1981:
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Silicone caulks and rubber components are often used in automotive applications.
1121:
1031:
1007:
756:
727:{\displaystyle n\ {\ce {Si(CH3)2Cl2}}+n\ {\ce {H2O -> }}_{n}+2n\ {\ce {HCl}}}
473:
77:
Silicone caulk can be used as a basic sealant against water and air penetration.
2516:
2358:
2060:
Moretto, Hans-Heinrich; Schulze, Manfred; Wagner, Gebhard (2005). "Silicones".
3103:
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1918:
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used to improve heat transfer from power-dissipating electronic components to
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Does not stick to many substrates, but adheres very well to others, e.g. glass
554:
511:
366:
175:
2448:
2407:
2071:
748:) groups. Under different conditions, the polymer is a cyclic, not a chain.
2674:
1943:
Registration, Evaluation, and
Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) legislation
1744:
1359:
1097:
Thermal stability (constancy of properties over a wide temperature range of
1011:
521:, but which could deserve the name "silicone", have long been identified as
518:
499:
126:
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2617:
2280:
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1651:
Silicone grease is often used with laboratory glassware to prevent seizing.
31:
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1738:
Ophthalmology uses many products such as silicone oil used to replace the
2693:. André V. Ritter, Clifford M. Sturdevant (7 ed.). St. Louis. 2018.
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to repel water and to preserve visibility, without requiring mechanical
1313:
are widely acknowledged in the construction industry. One-part silicone
2565:"The (wedding) ring's the thing: Silicone bands a growing trend in NFL"
2314:
Electrical
Insulation Breakdown and Its Theory, Process, and Prevention
2004:
1977:
1886:
is an inexpensive silicone clay, which can be used as a substitute for
1825:
1525:
1314:
1111:
1074:
This silicone rubber folding chessboard resists creasing and wrinkling.
1027:
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98:
20:
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IEEE Transactions on
Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology
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athletes began wearing silicone rings as an alternative during games.
1487:
Flexible ice cube trays made of silicone allow easy extraction of ice.
2400:
10.1002/1521-4087(200206)27:3<161::aid-prep161>3.0.co;2-4
1682:
are also available for use in medical procedures or sexual activity.
1444:
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1216:
420:
405:
2162:
1933:; the Silicones Environmental, Health, and Safety Center (SEHSC) in
73:
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or polysiloxanes, silicones consist of an inorganic siliconâoxygen
2972:"Committee for Risk Assessment concludes on restricting D4 and D5"
1887:
1877:
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2659:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1694:, seals, gaskets, shrouds, and other applications requiring high
1513:
due to their low water solubility and good spreading properties.
1261:
Specially developed aerospace grades of silicone are stable from
995:
When silicone is burned in air or oxygen, it forms solid silica (
2941:"Chemicals from Personal Care Products Pervasive in Chicago Air"
1971:
is a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) substance and D
1758:
material due to its hydrophobic property and thermal stability.
1698:. Additionally, the gel form is used in bandages and dressings,
736:
The polymerization typically produces linear chains capped with
462:
is preferred according to the nomenclature of modern chemistry.
3059:"Dielectric Fluids for Transformer Cooling â History and Types"
1937:, US; and the Silicone Industry Association of Japan (SIAJ) in
163:
3138:(Silicone Science On-line, Centre Européen des Silicones: CES)
2193:
James E. Mark; Harry R. Allcock; Robert West (24 March 2005).
1672:
1499:
Silicone brush used for basting and applying flavoring liquids
167:
Chemical structure of the silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
25:
2918:
517:
Compounds containing siliconâoxygen double bonds, now called
484:
that was specifically created to produce silicone products.
381:, which are formed by branched and cage-like oligosiloxanes.
377:. The second-largest group of silicone materials is based on
182:, a reaction that was proposed to initially give the monomer
3043:
M. Blunder, N. Hurkes, M. List, S. Spirk and R. Pietschnig:
2774:
SiliconesâAdvances in
Research and Application: 2013 Edition
2382:
Eisele, Siegfried; Gerber, Peter; Menke, Klaus (June 2002).
2097:
Liquid
Silicone Rubber: Chemistry, Materials, and Processing
1141:
for such gases as oxygen is approximately 400 times that of
2293:
Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers
1774:
Two-part silicone systems are used as rubber molds to cast
1603:
has been used in North American buildings in an attempt to
283:
When the hydrolysis is performed by treating a solution of
1381:
coating. Such coatings were developed for use on aircraft
1078:
Silicones exhibit many useful characteristics, including:
1018:
is a valuable pathway towards the production of amorphous
2656:
Materials in dentistry : principles and applications
1301:) are used as fast burning solid propellants in rockets.
961:
921:
908:
877:
852:
836:
818:
805:
690:
677:
646:
621:
608:
595:
396:
in 1901 to describe the formula of polydiphenylsiloxane,
276:{\displaystyle {\ce {SiH2Cl2 + H2O -> H2SiO + 2 HCl}}}
256:
237:
221:
208:
1909:
as a material for simulating realistic skin, either for
1786:
can be used on mating surfaces as a mold-release agent.
1137:: at room temperature (25 °C), the permeability of
2864:"Unmasking the Chemistry Behind Special Effects Makeup"
1770:
Silicone mold used to reproduce an architectural detail
308:
Most polysiloxanes feature organic substituents, e.g.,
3032:
Silanediols: a new class of potent protease inhibitors
1289:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based binders along with
1104:
The ability to repel water and form watertight seals.
779:
569:
196:
3047:, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011, volume 21, 363-365.
359:···âSiâOâSiâOâSiâOâ···
2690:
Sturdevant's art and science of operative dentistry
305:. Higher polymers were proposed to form with time.
970:
726:
491:, but they are distinct substances. Silicon is a
275:
3034:, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, volume 37, 812-814.
561:. This dichloride reacts with water as follows:
2476:Electrical Contacts: Principles and Applications
2310:"Treeing Characteristics in HTV Silicone Rubber"
1851:and similar materials are composed of silicones
1805:Silicone rubber earplugs for hearing protection
751:For consumer applications such as caulks silyl
2754:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2741:What are the benefits of Silicone Caulk Moulds
2063:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1630:Silicone firestops are also used in aircraft.
1528:, providing an alternative to the traditional
1258:aircraft requires high-performance materials.
1161:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2890:"What are Halloween costume masks made from?"
2752:Thomas Clausen et al. "Hair Preparations" in
2632:"The many uses of dental impression silicone"
1675:-based or other traditional "wet" lubricant.
1269:can be molded with tight tolerances ensuring
19:Not to be confused with the chemical element
8:
3084:Formaldehyde Generation from Silicone Rubber
1716:due to its durability and biocompatibility.
2994:"ECHA classifies cyclic siloxanes as SVHCs"
2033:Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber
1459:Soup ladle and pasta ladle made of silicone
1026:. Polysiloxanes terminated with functional
2721:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2532:"Is the Silicone Ring Trend Here to Stay?"
1844:Baby toys made of nontoxic silicone rubber
1509:Silicones are used as active compounds in
1475:to be placed inside a pot of boiling water
1329:Structural silicone has also been used in
1253:Silicone is a widely used material in the
2840:. Aquarium-pond-answers.com. March 2007.
2607:
2438:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
960:
955:
950:
932:
920:
915:
907:
902:
894:
886:
876:
871:
866:
851:
846:
835:
830:
822:
817:
812:
804:
799:
791:
786:
778:
719:
701:
689:
684:
676:
671:
663:
655:
645:
640:
635:
620:
615:
607:
602:
594:
589:
581:
576:
568:
268:
255:
250:
236:
231:
220:
215:
207:
202:
197:
195:
125:). They are typically colorless oils or
16:Family of polymers of the repeating form
3045:Silanetriols as in vitro AChE Inhibitors
1702:, testicle implants, pectoral implants,
1345:
1002:
449:
441:
429:
415:
411:
399:
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
315:
311:
301:
297:
290:
286:
185:
116:
112:
56:of all important aspects of the article.
3030:, T. Nittoli, A. M. Mutahi and L. Guo:
2820:"How to Make Your Own Sugru Substitute"
2806:" "Formerol/Sugru technical data sheet"
2273:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
2043:
1949:Safety and environmental considerations
1754:) silicones find wide application as a
1706:, and a variety of other medical uses.
1449:
1350:Silicone 3D print with support material
1042:groups have been cross linked to yield
2743:. Myheap.com. Retrieved on 2021-08-08.
2714:
2213:from the original on 18 December 2017.
2161:Frederic Kipping, L. L. Lloyd (1901).
1215:Sheet silicone is used to manufacture
1158:Silicones are used in many products.
419:), by analogy with the formula of the
52:Please consider expanding the lead to
3078:
3076:
2388:Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
2275:, volume 53, issue 2, pages 565â570.
1728:used to form the vesicle membrane of
1333:building façades since 1974 when the
1193:is typically used as a lubricant for
7:
2917:. Reach.silicones.eu. Archived from
1817:Silicone rubber is commonly used in
1659:are used for many purposes, such as
1552:Electronic components are sometimes
1117:Resistance to creasing and wrinkling
2939:Bienkowski, Brian (30 April 2013).
2095:Fink, Johannes Karl (5 July 2019).
2015:, versus around 400 ÎŒg CH
1625:Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
549:Most common are materials based on
2199:. Oxford University. p. 155.
2007:(less than 3 to 48 ÎŒg CH
1876:is a silicone rubber (marketed as
1572:Silicones are often components of
1014:of certain polysiloxanes under an
14:
2951:from the original on 20 June 2015
1667:parts, and a wide range of other
1596:Red-colored silicone firestopping
1521:Liquid silicone can be used as a
1120:Resistance to oxygen, ozone, and
3121:
3106:
3069:from the original on 2016-07-19.
2838:"Aquarium Silicone Applications"
2530:Ashley, Sarah (August 1, 2018).
2492:from the original on 2017-12-18.
2011:O/(g·hr) for a high consistency
1750:Addition and condensation (e.g.
1492:
1480:
1464:
1452:
1309:The strength and reliability of
487:Silicone is often confused with
365:chain lengths, side groups, and
30:
2844:from the original on 2012-03-15
2359:"Aerospace | Viking Extrusions"
2322:10.4018/978-1-5225-8885-6.ch003
1789:Silicone cooking molds used as
1204:are based on liquid silicones.
525:in gas-phase processes such as
174:and Carl Somiesky examined the
44:may be too short to adequately
2299:, (2019) volume 27, pp. 80â90.
927:
911:
895:
887:
883:
842:
823:
808:
792:
696:
680:
664:
656:
652:
598:
582:
243:
54:provide an accessible overview
1:
2762:10.1002/14356007.a12_571.pub2
2756:, 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
2259:10.1016/S0022-328X(98)00726-8
1861:decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
1686:Medicine and cosmetic surgery
3136:Science of Silicone Polymers
1326:from sticking to the metal.
1322:taps and valves, preventing
2974:. European Chemicals Agency
2970:European Chemicals Agency.
2776:, ScholarlyEditions, 2013,
2653:Ferracane, Jack L. (2001).
2600:10.1097/MD.0000000000014143
2440:10.1016/j.addma.2019.04.006
1718:Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
3201:
2868:www.monarchchemicals.co.uk
2517:10.1109/TCHMT.1979.1135411
2478:. CRC Press. p. 823.
2363:www.vikingextrusions.co.uk
1565:encapsulation when a wide
1227:, and other applications.
476:, an alliance between the
156:
18:
3142:Is Silicone Eco-friendly?
2134:Chemistry of the Elements
2132:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).
2099:. John Wiley & Sons.
527:chemical vapor deposition
510:("electronic chips") and
434:(his term was originally
3000:Foundation. 25 June 2018
2072:10.1002/14356007.a24_057
1534:perchloroethylene (perc)
1335:Art Institute of Chicago
1056:polymer derived ceramics
1024:polymer derived ceramics
1022:ceramics, also known as
2066:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1427:Other products include
1416:industry, particularly
1088:Low chemical reactivity
533:production, and in the
385:Terminology and history
3168:Thermosetting plastics
2470:Paul G. Slade (1999).
2427:Additive Manufacturing
2297:Additive Manufacturing
2281:10.1002/anie.201308433
1913:, prop body parts, or
1845:
1824:Silicones are used in
1806:
1780:vegetable cooking oils
1771:
1714:medical grade silicone
1652:
1597:
1549:
1548:Silicone rubber keypad
1351:
1250:
1182:
1167:tooth impression molds
1122:ultraviolet (UV) light
1075:
1052:additive manufacturing
985:methyltrimethoxysilane
972:
728:
559:dimethyldichlorosilane
553:, which is derived by
277:
168:
159:Organosilicon compound
78:
2725:) CS1 maint: others (
2571:. September 29, 2016.
2168:J. Chem. Soc., Trans.
2138:Butterworth-Heinemann
2130:Greenwood, Norman N.
1843:
1804:
1769:
1710:Scar treatment sheets
1650:
1595:
1567:operating temperature
1547:
1362:need to be adjusted.
1349:
1305:Building construction
1248:
1180:
1128:Electrical insulation
1073:
973:
729:
535:formation of ceramics
506:form is used to make
278:
166:
76:
3130:at Wikimedia Commons
2998:Food Packaging Forum
2180:10.1039/CT9017900449
1986:acetylcholinesterase
1905:Silicone is used in
1857:polydimethylsiloxane
1690:Silicone is used in
1621:nuclear power plants
1447:, and kitchen mats.
1291:ammonium perchlorate
1084:thermal conductivity
777:
567:
551:polydimethylsiloxane
478:Dow Chemical Company
371:polydimethylsiloxane
194:
3183:Impression material
3158:Cosmetics chemicals
3082:David C. Timpe Jr.
2945:Scientific American
2247:J. Organomet. Chem.
1830:personal lubricants
1680:personal lubricants
1044:preceramic polymers
963:
923:
910:
879:
854:
838:
820:
807:
759:(the acid found in
692:
679:
648:
623:
610:
597:
508:integrated circuits
495:, a hard dark-grey
482:Corning Glass Works
466:James Franklin Hyde
258:
239:
223:
210:
3089:2015-04-27 at the
2915:"REACH consortium"
2791:2017-12-18 at the
2196:Inorganic Polymers
1846:
1807:
1772:
1752:polyvinyl siloxane
1712:are often made of
1653:
1598:
1550:
1352:
1255:aerospace industry
1251:
1221:automotive engines
1183:
1076:
1020:silicon oxycarbide
968:
951:
898:
893:
867:
826:
821:
795:
790:
724:
667:
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636:
611:
585:
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273:
246:
227:
211:
198:
169:
79:
3126:Media related to
2772:Q. Ashton Acton:
2700:978-0-323-47858-8
2485:978-0-8247-1934-0
2331:978-1-5225-8885-6
2206:978-0-19-535131-6
2147:978-0-08-037941-8
1935:Herndon, Virginia
1931:Brussels, Belgium
1911:prosthetic makeup
1853:dimethyl siloxane
1756:dental impression
1439:; cookware lids,
1435:, egg boilers or
1387:windshield wipers
1110:Does not support
1060:stereolithography
966:
954:
949:
926:
901:
892:
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87:polymer chemistry
71:
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3080:
3071:
3070:
3063:General Electric
3054:
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2184:
2183:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2136:(2nd ed.).
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2057:
1868:rubber band loom
1836:Toys and hobbies
1826:shaving products
1724:synthetic block
1696:biocompatibility
1496:
1484:
1471:A silicone food
1468:
1456:
1422:kitchen utensils
1285:Solid propellant
1264:
1210:forced induction
1135:gas permeability
1100:
1048:photopolymerised
1016:inert atmosphere
1005:
977:
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573:
531:microelectronics
493:chemical element
453:
445:
433:
418:
403:
392:coined the word
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3199:
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3148:
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3112:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3091:Wayback Machine
3081:
3074:
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3055:
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2882:
2872:
2870:
2862:Chant, Justin.
2861:
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2856:
2847:
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2836:
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2831:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2793:Wayback Machine
2771:
2767:
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2734:
2713:
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2687:
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2667:
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2637:
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2634:. July 19, 2022
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2191:
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2155:
2148:
2140:. p. 362.
2128:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2059:
2058:
2045:
2041:
2029:
2022:
2018:
2013:silicone rubber
2010:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1927:
1907:special effects
1903:
1901:Special Effects
1838:
1799:
1784:petroleum jelly
1764:
1700:breast implants
1688:
1645:
1636:
1590:
1542:
1519:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1457:
1410:
1371:
1355:Silicone rubber
1344:
1311:silicone rubber
1307:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1267:Silicone rubber
1262:
1243:
1191:silicone grease
1175:
1156:
1139:silicone rubber
1112:microbiological
1098:
1068:
1046:, which can be
1004:
1000:
997:silicon dioxide
993:
865:
775:
774:
741:
737:
634:
565:
564:
547:
502:, which in its
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:
427:
417:
413:
409:
401:
397:
387:
379:silicone resins
362:
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161:
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118:
114:
110:
103:repeating units
67:
61:
58:
51:
39:This article's
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3101:
3100:External links
3098:
3096:
3095:
3072:
3049:
3036:
3028:S. M. Sieburth
3020:
3011:
2985:
2962:
2931:
2906:
2888:Chapman, Kit.
2880:
2854:
2829:
2811:
2797:
2765:
2745:
2732:
2699:
2680:
2665:
2645:
2623:
2574:
2556:
2545:Chen, Connie.
2537:
2522:
2495:
2484:
2462:
2413:
2374:
2350:
2330:
2301:
2285:
2264:
2253:(1â2): 45â59.
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2205:
2185:
2153:
2146:
2121:
2112:
2105:
2087:
2081:978-3527306732
2080:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2008:
1990:cyclomethicone
1972:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1926:
1923:
1902:
1899:
1837:
1834:
1798:
1795:
1763:
1760:
1740:vitreous humor
1704:contact lenses
1687:
1684:
1661:bicycle chains
1644:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1589:
1586:
1574:thermal pastes
1557:selected over
1541:
1538:
1518:
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1155:
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1147:
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1131:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:â100 to 250 °C
1095:
1089:
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497:semiconducting
386:
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355:backbone chain
267:
264:
253:
245:
234:
226:
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205:
180:dichlorosilane
157:Main article:
154:
151:
69:
68:
48:the key points
38:
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13:
10:
9:
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2999:
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2989:
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2973:
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2942:
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2921:on 2012-03-15
2920:
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2895:
2894:RSC Education
2891:
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2869:
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2833:
2830:
2825:
2824:Instructables
2821:
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2787:
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2782:9781481692397
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2749:
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1932:
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1922:
1921:prosthetics.
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1797:Personal care
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1225:transmissions
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616:
603:
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570:
562:
560:
556:
552:
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:intermediates
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
461:
457:
437:
425:
422:
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395:
391:
390:F. S. Kipping
384:
382:
380:
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372:
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352:
349:
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306:
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123:organic group
108:
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83:organosilicon
75:
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3144:(The Uptide)
3057:Hard, Dave.
3052:
3044:
3039:
3031:
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2988:
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2965:
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2919:the original
2909:
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2867:
2857:
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2832:
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2171:
2166:
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2133:
2124:
2115:
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2090:
2061:
1997:formaldehyde
1994:
1952:
1939:Tokyo, Japan
1928:
1915:rubber masks
1904:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1865:
1847:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1788:
1773:
1749:
1737:
1734:
1730:polymersomes
1708:
1689:
1677:
1654:
1637:
1629:
1614:
1599:
1582:
1571:
1559:polyurethane
1551:
1532:-containing
1523:dry cleaning
1520:
1517:Dry cleaning
1508:
1426:
1411:
1402:
1395:
1393:and others.
1372:
1364:
1353:
1331:curtain wall
1328:
1308:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1260:
1252:
1232:
1229:
1214:
1206:
1202:brake fluids
1184:
1159:
1157:
1154:Applications
1148:
1143:butyl rubber
1077:
1062:techniques.
994:
979:
773:
750:
735:
563:
548:
541:and others.
516:
486:
470:fused silica
464:
459:
455:
436:silicoketone
435:
424:benzophenone
393:
388:
375:silicone oil
367:crosslinking
341:
320:
307:
172:Alfred Stock
170:
131:silicone oil
121:, where R =
101:composed of
95:polysiloxane
94:
90:
80:
59:
43:
41:lead section
3114:Toys portal
2638:January 16,
2232:Si=O and (C
2174:: 449â459.
2023:O/(g·hr)).
2001:mineral oil
1982:thermolysin
1849:Silly Putty
1819:baby bottle
1722:amphiphilic
1665:airsoft gun
1540:Electronics
1441:pot holders
1383:windshields
1379:hydrophobic
1342:3D printing
1008:silica fume
757:acetic acid
539:A. Filippou
512:solar cells
504:crystalline
474:Dow Corning
348:polymerized
3152:Categories
2925:2012-02-28
2848:2012-02-28
2709:1124496192
2394:(3): 161.
2368:2019-04-11
2345:2021-03-16
2039:References
1919:foam latex
1893:In making
1762:Moldmaking
1726:copolymers
1669:mechanisms
1643:Lubricants
1610:dielectric
1578:heat sinks
1375:covalently
1187:automotive
1173:Automotive
1066:Properties
991:Combustion
555:hydrolysis
373:(PDMS), a
176:hydrolysis
3178:Adhesives
3173:Siloxanes
3163:Silicones
3128:Silicones
3004:28 August
2978:28 August
2717:cite book
2511:: 56â61.
2457:146407873
2449:2214-8604
2433:: 50â57.
2408:0721-3115
2340:241551199
1925:Marketing
1895:aquariums
1745:tamponade
1678:Silicone
1655:Silicone
1623:) of the
1588:Firestops
1511:defoamers
1505:Defoaming
1241:Aerospace
1012:pyrolysis
884:⟶
769:adhesives
653:⟶
545:Synthesis
519:silanones
500:metalloid
351:siloxanes
244:⟶
153:Chemistry
62:July 2024
46:summarize
3087:Archived
3067:Archived
2949:Archived
2842:Archived
2789:Archived
2675:45604030
2618:30681578
2588:Medicine
2569:ESPN.com
2490:Archived
2472:"16.4.1"
2211:Archived
2027:See also
2005:plastics
1978:silanols
1874:Formerol
1791:bakeware
1617:hydrogen
1605:firestop
1530:chlorine
1437:poachers
1433:steamers
1418:bakeware
1414:cookware
1408:Cookware
1398:silnylon
1369:Coatings
1360:pot life
1315:sealants
1219:used in
1093:toxicity
1050:for the
1040:acrylate
1036:mercapto
1030:such as
981:Branches
753:acetates
460:siloxane
456:silicone
394:silicone
310:[(CH
115:SiâOâSiR
107:siloxane
91:silicone
2955:8 April
2899:29 July
2873:29 July
2609:6358378
2551:Insider
2244:Si=O".
1657:greases
1634:Jewelry
1554:encased
1526:solvent
1473:steamer
1445:trivets
1377:bonded
1271:gaskets
1235:airbags
1217:gaskets
1189:field,
1185:In the
1028:ligands
761:vinegar
746:silanol
489:silicon
327:[(C
99:polymer
21:silicon
2786:p. 226
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1859:, and
1776:resins
1391:Rain-X
1114:growth
1010:. The
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717:
632:
574:
421:ketone
406:phenyl
404:(Ph =
363:âSiâOâ
346:. All
296:[H
145:, and
139:rubber
135:grease
127:rubber
3093:Arlon
2453:S2CID
2336:S2CID
1888:Sugru
1884:Oogoo
1878:Sugru
1811:amine
1563:epoxy
1429:molds
1320:brass
1199:DOT 5
1195:brake
1133:High
1032:vinyl
765:caulk
742:SiâOH
738:SiâCl
339:SiO)]
147:caulk
143:resin
97:is a
3006:2018
2980:2018
2957:2015
2901:2024
2875:2024
2778:ISBN
2727:link
2723:link
2705:OCLC
2695:ISBN
2671:OCLC
2661:ISBN
2640:2023
2614:PMID
2480:ISBN
2445:ISSN
2404:ISSN
2326:ISBN
2201:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2003:and
1960:and
1828:and
1420:and
1324:lime
1091:Low
1082:Low
965:COOH
767:and
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446:and
325:and
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300:SiO]
289:SiCl
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85:and
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2255:doi
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1561:or
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1058:by
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