42:
572:, and travel in groups of around 9-40 individuals with one adult male and many adult females communally caring for infants. They rarely leave the trees, which provide them protection from ground-dwelling predators, and rapidly flee if threatened. Each group occupies a home range of 20 to 43 ha (49 to 106 acres), although these may overlap with those of neighbouring groups. During the day, individuals may travel up to 500 m (1,600 ft) through the forest, with some forming all-female subgroups that separate from the group containing the male. The entire group shelters in a single tree at night.
561:
588:
groups are more likely to interact peacefully. The most serious conflicts occur when a male intrudes directly on the territory of another male, which may result in the intruder displacing the resident and taking control of the group. In many other primates, such a displacement would normally be followed by the male-killing any infants sired by his predecessor; although this may occur in silvery lutungs, it has not been directly observed and may be less common than in some other species.
102:
77:
259:
622:
644:
period of 181 to 200 days. The young weigh about 400 g (14 oz), measure about 20 cm (7.9 in) and are well developed, with a strong grip for holding onto the mother. Silvery lutungs are born with orange fur and with white hairless skin on the face, hands, and feet. The skin rapidly
608:
monkey. Although it does also eat fruit, and some seeds and flowers, these comprise only 9% of the diet, and it is also able to feed on tougher and more mature leaves than any of its close relatives. Because of these differences, silvery lutungs do not normally live in the same parts of the forest as
591:
Although less vocal than other closely related species, silvery lutungs make at least thirteen different vocalisations, with the most common being used by adult males defending their territory. Other vocalisations express fear, anger, excitement, and satisfaction, in addition to various calls made by
587:
Because group ranges often overlap, different groups frequently come into contact with one another. The adult male protects his group and territory from competing males, communicating his dominance to other males via vocalizations and fighting. In the absence of males, however, females from different
583:
based. Females remain in the group for life, while males leave shortly after reaching adulthood, living in small groups of their own until they can take over an established harem. Within the group, males dominate the females, and females with young dominate those without. However, there is relatively
365:
Females range from 46 to 51 centimetres (18 to 20 in) in head-body length, with an average weight of 5.7 kilograms (13 lb) and a tail length of 67 to 75 centimetres (26 to 30 in). Males are slightly larger, from 50 to 58 centimetres (20 to 23 in) in length, with an average weight
523:
in
Malaysian Borneo. Researchers began monitoring the animal and analyzing photos of it as it matured which led to the conclusion it was an extremely rare phenomenon. Researchers say hybridization between closely related species is not unheard of, however, the offspring of two distantly related
361:
tail. It has grey-tipped, dark brown or black fur, giving it a uniform silvery appearance. Unlike some related species, there are no paler markings on the face or body, except for a patch of whitish hair on the groin of females. A crest of fur runs along the top of the head, and the hair on the
633:, although each female typically gives birth no more than once every 18 to 24 months. The female attracts the male by making side-to-side motions with her head, and copulation may occur several times during an encounter. Unusually, females have been reported to reach
393:
is unusually long, even compared to those of other langurs, and has several pouches along its length, which carry out further fermentation of plant matter. The teeth have grinding ridges and other modifications to allow the more efficient processing of tough leaves.
649:
for 18 months, even though the biological mother stops lactating after just 12 months. The young are sexually mature almost as soon as they finish weaning, and, on average, females first give birth at 35 months of age.
532:. However, a photo of the animal as an adult showed her holding an infant that she appeared to be nursing. Researchers believe this may be a result of the two species being confined to a small patch of
468:
Genetic analysis has shown that the silvery lutung probably first evolved during a rapid speciation event that occurred between 0.95 and 1.25 million years ago, during which all the living species of the
495:
onwards and occupy the same geographic range as today. Some of these fossils had significantly larger cheek teeth than living animals, although they have not been assigned to a distinct subspecies.
480:
are difficult to distinguish genetically, and there is some uncertainty as to which represents genuinely distinct species. However, the closest living relative of the silvery lutung may be the
609:
other monkeys. Where other species are found in the same area, silvery lutungs are more commonly found in the middle canopy of the forest, leaving the higher branches to monkeys with a more
524:
species is rarely observed in the wild, going on to say this particular hybrid is only the second time intergeneric hybridization (offspring resulting from the matings between different
645:
changes to the dark adult colour, but the fur does not reach the adult pattern for three to five months after birth. The young are cared for by females communally and are not
960:
2620:
2861:
2685:
528:) has been recorded in wild primates. Hybrid animals are often infertile, particularly with distantly related species, because it causes malfunctions in the
892:
Catalogue of
Primates in the British Museum (Natural History) and elsewhere in the British Isles. Part III: family Cercopithecidae, subfamily Colobinae
2816:
1406:
1379:
2775:
2594:
2633:
430:
The number and identity of subspecies of the silvery lutung is currently debated. A 2008 analysis confirms the presence of only two subspecies:
2851:
101:
41:
2826:
362:
cheeks is long, often obscuring the ears. The hands and feet are hairless, with dark-coloured skin, and have opposable thumbs and toes.
1371:
985:
Rosenblum, L.L.; et al. (1997). "High mitochondrial DNA diversity with little structure within and among leaf monkey populations (
2856:
1384:
2371:
755:
2846:
2659:
2677:
208:
2638:
959:
Roos, C.; Boonratana, R.; Supriatna, J.; Fellowes, J.R.; Groves, C.P.; Nash, S.D.; Rylands, A.B.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2014).
470:
2831:
2107:
1572:
1399:
2836:
2520:
2841:
2672:
2555:
2161:
1801:
560:
2152:
1288:"Fatal infection of silvered leaf monkeys with a virus-like infectious agent (VLIA) derived from a patient with AIDS"
745:
2690:
2547:
2466:
1200:
Shelmidine, N.; et al. (2009). "Patterns of reproduction in
Malayan silvered leaf monkeys at the Bronx Zoo".
2398:
2143:
1689:
2389:
2362:
2075:
1922:
1810:
1707:
1392:
549:
448:
1662:
1599:
2793:
2821:
1958:
1949:
1653:
1590:
1478:
485:
248:
1098:
2482:
2380:
2116:
2003:
1994:
1644:
2560:
2021:
2724:
2233:
2125:
545:
232:
1680:
456:
However, some sources distinguish the silvery lutungs of the Natuna
Islands as a separate subspecies,
2581:
2529:
2269:
2188:
2179:
2066:
1635:
1626:
1608:
1581:
1334:
1243:
Shelmidine, N.; et al. (2007). "Genital swellings in silvered langurs: what do they indicate?".
925:
2048:
1895:
1828:
1783:
1671:
1617:
1563:
810:
477:
322:
66:
2534:
2321:
2242:
1819:
1698:
1350:
1268:
1225:
1182:
1143:
1010:
698:
520:
271:
96:
81:
50:
2729:
2224:
2206:
1325:
Corlett, R.T. (2007). "The impact of hunting on the mammalian fauna of tropical Asian forests".
2625:
2711:
2568:
2446:
2437:
2345:
2330:
1940:
1913:
1877:
1868:
1792:
1774:
1307:
1260:
1217:
1070:
941:
761:
751:
2739:
2716:
2422:
2413:
2312:
2215:
1416:
1342:
1299:
1252:
1209:
1174:
1135:
1060:
1052:
1002:
933:
870:
805:
516:
512:
422:
swamps and nearby forest regions and generally avoids travelling far from coasts or rivers.
366:
of 6.6 kilograms (15 lb) and a tail length of 67 to 75 centimetres (26 to 30 in).
310:
183:
2651:
519:
has been observed. The suspected hybrid was first sighted when it was a juvenile near the
2698:
2251:
1904:
1531:
910:"Mitochondrial phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of the silvered langur species group (
630:
580:
533:
411:
1338:
929:
2260:
2170:
2134:
2057:
1852:
1837:
1522:
1504:
1065:
1032:
476:
evolved. Because of the relative speed and diversity of this event, the species of the
415:
193:
2810:
2646:
2039:
2030:
1985:
1757:
1731:
1722:
1495:
1346:
1287:
796:
787:
741:
702:
537:
342:
86:
1354:
1272:
1147:
1014:
17:
2573:
2197:
1513:
1229:
909:
737:
481:
447:
The Malay
Peninsula form has been subsequently elevated to a separate species, the
382:
338:
258:
2766:
2664:
2607:
2514:
1967:
1546:
937:
610:
576:
529:
492:
378:
1056:
1460:
1303:
1006:
717:. It is also threatened by hunting for meat and by capture for the pet trade.
714:
569:
358:
163:
2505:
2090:
1423:
765:
674:
641:
634:
390:
374:
280:
113:
1264:
1221:
1074:
945:
677:, and various other small carnivores are probably able to feed on infants.
484:, although silvery lutungs have also been reported to produce hybrids with
1311:
2760:
2703:
2499:
1442:
605:
601:
541:
419:
386:
318:
314:
133:
58:
750:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 176.
621:
2788:
2780:
2599:
1454:
1186:
1139:
710:
685:
Silvery lutungs are unusually susceptible to human diseases, including
662:
646:
584:
little aggression within the group compared with some related species.
508:
407:
370:
326:
153:
54:
1256:
1213:
961:"An updated taxonomy and conservation status review of Asian primates"
2612:
2542:
1448:
1436:
604:, including a higher proportion of leaves in its diet than any other
403:
354:
330:
173:
143:
123:
2476:
1178:
1122:
Caton, J.M. (1999). "Digestive strategy of the Asian colobine genus
369:
Like other langurs, the silvery lutung has a large three-chambered
875:
854:
706:
670:
666:
620:
559:
525:
504:
747:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
637:
in the wild and may survive up to nine years after giving birth.
2295:
686:
334:
2586:
2480:
1388:
488:, generally considered to belong to a different species group.
709:. Its habitat is heavily threatened throughout its range by
689:, and have therefore been widely used in medical research.
1161:
Medway, L. (1970). "Breeding of the silvered leaf monkey,
1031:
Lhota, S.; Yap, J.L.; Benedict, M.L.; Ching, K. (2022).
661:
Local predators able to feed on silvery lutungs include
653:
Silvery lutungs have lived up to 31 years in captivity.
507:, Malaysia, silvery lutungs have been observed in mixed-
625:
Infant silvery lutung, showing orange fur and pale skin
385:
of food, and has some similarities with the stomach of
410:, and Java, as well as in parts of the southwestern
2750:
2489:
2435:
2411:
2343:
2293:
2286:
2088:
1850:
1755:
1748:
1720:
1544:
1476:
1469:
1292:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1033:"Is Malaysia's "mystery monkey" a hybrid between
640:The female gives birth to a single young after a
629:Silvery lutungs breed year round, with no clear
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
491:Fossils of the species are known from the late
1099:"Hybrid 'Mystery Monkey' Discovered in Borneo"
848:
811:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22035A17959977.en
1400:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
8:
1097:Reporter, Robyn White Nature (2022-05-05).
894:. London: British Museum (Natural History).
575:The social structure of silvery lutungs is
2477:
2290:
1752:
1473:
1407:
1393:
1385:
903:
901:
515:, and interspecific mating and a possible
257:
75:
40:
31:
1064:
908:Roos, C.; Nadler, T.; Walter, L. (2008).
874:
809:
1026:
1024:
418:, and other nearby islands. It inhabits
726:
786:Meijaard, E. & Nijman, V. (2020).
781:
779:
777:
775:
732:
730:
441:Trachypithecus cristatus selangorensis
337:, and other nearby islands. It is the
2862:Taxa named by Thomas Stamford Raffles
918:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
353:The silvery lutung is a medium-sized
7:
2794:55EFB6FC-4DCD-45E3-9B03-D19BF350DB54
1045:International Journal of Primatology
995:International Journal of Primatology
697:The silvery lutung is classified as
2372:Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (
797:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
600:The silvery lutung is a specialist
402:The silvery lutung is found across
435:Trachypithecus cristatus cristatus
25:
437:- Borneo, Sumatra, Natuna Islands
2817:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1347:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00271.x
713:and the development of oil palm
705:and is listed in Appendix II of
100:
2108:Black-crested Sumatran langur (
1245:American Journal of Primatology
1202:American Journal of Primatology
1041:? An assessment of photographs"
1286:Lo, S-C.; et al. (1989).
1:
2852:Near threatened biota of Asia
2162:East Sumatran banded langur (
1802:Northern plains gray langur (
1573:Miss Waldron's red colobus (
859:(Primates: Cercopithecidae)"
2399:Myanmar snub-nosed monkey (
938:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.006
27:Species of Old World monkey
2878:
2827:Primates of Southeast Asia
2390:Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (
2363:Golden snub-nosed monkey (
2153:Robinson's banded langur (
2076:Indochinese black langur (
1923:Selangor silvered langur (
1811:Black-footed gray langur (
1708:Ulindi River red colobus (
1057:10.1007/s10764-022-00293-z
321:, and riverine forests in
2857:Mammals described in 1821
2463:
1950:Indochinese grey langur (
1654:Niger Delta red colobus (
1431:
1415:Extant species of family
1304:10.4269/ajtmh.1989.40.399
673:, and some large snakes.
277:
270:
265:
256:
238:
231:
97:Scientific classification
95:
73:
64:
48:
39:
34:
2548:trachypithecus-cristatus
2535:Trachypithecus_cristatus
2521:Trachypithecus cristatus
2491:Trachypithecus cristatus
2381:Gray snub-nosed monkey (
2144:Raffles' banded langur (
2117:Black-and-white langur (
1690:Oustalet's red colobus (
1645:Tana River red colobus (
1486:(Black and white colobi)
1039:Trachypithecus cristatus
987:Trachypithecus cristatus
912:Trachypithecus cristatus
857:Trachypithecus cristatus
790:Trachypithecus cristatus
744:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
564:Silvery lutungs grooming
449:Selangor silvered langur
398:Distribution and habitat
298:Trachypithecus cristatus
242:Trachypithecus cristatus
210:Trachypithecus cristatus
2847:Near threatened animals
2234:Sabah grizzled langur (
2126:Black Sumatran langur (
1663:Bouvier's red colobus (
1600:Thollon's red colobus (
1007:10.1023/A:1026304415648
2270:Natuna Island surili (
2189:White-fronted surili (
2180:White-thighed surili (
1959:Phayre's leaf monkey (
1636:Zanzibar red colobus (
1627:Udzungwa red colobus (
1591:Preuss's red colobus (
991:Trachypithecus auratus
968:Asian Primates Journal
853:Harding, L.E. (2010).
626:
565:
550:segregated population
381:diet. This allows for
2725:Paleobiology Database
2049:White-headed langur (
2004:Gee's golden langur (
1995:Shortridge's langur (
1829:Purple-faced langur (
1784:Kashmir gray langur (
1672:Semliki red colobus (
1618:Ugandan red colobus (
1564:Western red colobus (
890:Napier, P.H. (1985).
804:: e.T22035A17959977.
624:
563:
556:Behaviour and ecology
546:habitat fragmentation
317:, living in coastal,
301:), also known as the
266:Silvery lutung range
2832:Mammals of Indonesia
2353:(Snub-nosed monkeys)
2322:Black-shanked douc (
2243:Maroon leaf monkey (
1820:Tufted gray langur (
1699:Lomami red colobus (
1681:Lang's red colobus (
1372:BBC: Silvered Langur
1167:Journal of Mammalogy
568:Silvery lutungs are
486:Phayre's leaf monkey
303:silvered leaf monkey
18:Silvered leaf langur
2837:Mammals of Malaysia
2447:Pig-tailed langur (
2331:Gray-shanked douc (
2067:Delacour's langur (
1941:Dusky leaf monkey (
1914:Tenasserim lutung (
1878:West Javan langur (
1869:East Javan langur (
1793:Tarai gray langur (
1775:Nepal gray langur (
1609:Foa's red colobus (
1582:Pennant's colobus (
1419:(Old World monkeys)
1339:2007Biotr..39..292C
930:2008MolPE..47..629R
323:Peninsular Malaysia
67:Conservation status
2842:Primates of Borneo
2423:Proboscis monkey (
2313:Red-shanked douc (
2022:François' langur (
1896:Germain's langur (
1163:Presbytis cristata
1140:10.1007/bf02557555
627:
566:
521:Kinabatangan River
51:Bako National Park
2804:
2803:
2712:Open Tree of Life
2483:Taxon identifiers
2474:
2473:
2459:
2458:
2356:
2306:
2282:
2281:
2252:Mentawai langur (
2225:Miller's langur (
2207:Thomas's langur (
2101:
1905:Annamese langur (
1768:
1744:
1743:
1557:
1532:Mantled guereza (
1489:
1420:
1257:10.1002/ajp.20359
1214:10.1002/ajp.20712
863:Mammalian Species
552:of both species.
548:, that created a
544:trees, a form of
513:proboscis monkeys
443:- Malay Peninsula
357:with a long, non-
289:
288:
224:T. cristatus
90:
16:(Redirected from
2869:
2797:
2796:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2743:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2693:
2681:
2680:
2668:
2667:
2655:
2654:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2590:
2589:
2577:
2576:
2564:
2563:
2551:
2550:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2478:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2261:Siberut langur (
2171:Sarawak surili (
2135:Mitered langur (
2100:
2099:
2095:
2058:Laotian langur (
2051:T. leucocephalus
2042:T. poliocephalus
1925:T. selangorensis
1887:Silvery lutung (
1838:Nilgiri langur (
1767:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1523:Ursine colobus (
1505:Angola colobus (
1488:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1418:
1417:Cercopithecidae
1409:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1378:
1359:
1358:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1094:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1035:Nasalis larvatus
1028:
1019:
1018:
1001:(6): 1005–1028.
982:
976:
975:
965:
956:
950:
949:
905:
896:
895:
887:
881:
880:
878:
850:
823:
822:
820:
818:
813:
783:
770:
769:
734:
452:T. selangorensis
311:Old World monkey
261:
244:
105:
104:
84:
79:
78:
44:
32:
21:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2746:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2699:Observation.org
2697:
2689:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2650:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2455:
2431:
2407:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2339:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2287:Odd-nosed group
2278:
2216:Hose's langur (
2097:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2040:Cat Ba langur (
2031:Hatinh langur (
1986:Capped langur (
1846:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1740:
1732:Olive colobus (
1716:
1674:P. semlikiensis
1647:P. rufomitratus
1620:P. tephrosceles
1553:
1552:
1550:
1540:
1496:Black colobus (
1485:
1484:
1482:
1465:
1427:
1413:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1208:(10): 852–859.
1199:
1198:
1194:
1179:10.2307/1378413
1160:
1159:
1155:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1082:
1030:
1029:
1022:
984:
983:
979:
963:
958:
957:
953:
907:
906:
899:
889:
888:
884:
852:
851:
826:
816:
814:
785:
784:
773:
758:
736:
735:
728:
723:
695:
683:
659:
631:breeding season
619:
598:
558:
534:riverine forest
501:
466:
428:
412:Malay Peninsula
400:
351:
252:
246:
240:
227:
184:Cercopithecidae
99:
91:
80:
76:
69:
35:Silvery lutung
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:Trachypithecus
2819:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2785:
2772:
2756:
2754:
2752:Simia cristata
2748:
2747:
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2744:
2734:
2721:
2708:
2695:
2682:
2669:
2656:
2643:
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2511:
2495:
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2472:
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2460:
2457:
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2454:
2453:
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2441:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2198:Javan surili (
2195:
2186:
2177:
2173:P. chrysomelas
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2033:T. hatinhensis
2028:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1997:T. shortridgei
1992:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1952:T. crepusculus
1947:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1858:
1856:
1853:Trachypithecus
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1777:S. schistaceus
1771:
1769:
1765:(Gray langurs)
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1701:P. parmentieri
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1514:King colobus (
1511:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1432:
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1414:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1367:
1366:External links
1364:
1361:
1360:
1333:(3): 292–303.
1317:
1298:(4): 399–409.
1278:
1251:(5): 519–532.
1235:
1192:
1173:(3): 630–632.
1165:, in Malaya".
1153:
1134:(2): 311–325.
1124:Trachypithecus
1114:
1080:
1051:(3): 513–532.
1020:
977:
951:
924:(2): 629–636.
897:
882:
869:(1): 149–165.
824:
771:
756:
725:
724:
722:
719:
694:
691:
682:
679:
658:
655:
618:
615:
597:
594:
557:
554:
500:
497:
465:
462:
458:T. c. vigilans
445:
444:
438:
427:
424:
416:Natuna Islands
399:
396:
373:to digest the
350:
347:
307:silvery langur
293:silvery lutung
287:
286:
275:
274:
268:
267:
263:
262:
254:
253:
247:
236:
235:
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195:Trachypithecus
191:
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2825:
2823:
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2777:
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2579:
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2570:
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2562:
2557:
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2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2507:
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2497:
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2402:
2397:
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2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2346:Rhinopithecus
2342:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2254:P. potenziani
2250:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2110:P. melalophos
2106:
2105:
2103:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:Popa langur (
1966:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
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1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1813:S. hypoleucos
1809:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1760:
1759:
1758:Semnopithecus
1754:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1710:P. lulindicus
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
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1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1629:P. gordonorum
1625:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1594:
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1562:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1525:C. vellerosus
1521:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1507:C. angolensis
1503:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1470:African group
1468:
1462:
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1456:
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1440:
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1425:
1421:
1410:
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1398:
1396:
1391:
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1387:
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1380:Lotong Kelabu
1375:
1373:
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1369:
1365:
1356:
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1348:
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1332:
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1309:
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1223:
1219:
1215:
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1207:
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1188:
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1157:
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1125:
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981:
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962:
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927:
923:
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913:
904:
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886:
883:
877:
876:10.1644/862.1
872:
868:
864:
860:
858:
849:
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845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
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757:0-801-88221-4
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:Wilson, D. E.
739:
738:Groves, C. P.
733:
731:
727:
720:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:IUCN Red List
700:
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678:
676:
672:
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664:
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654:
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582:
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571:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:deforestation
535:
531:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
499:Hybridization
498:
496:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
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474:species group
473:
463:
461:
459:
454:
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450:
442:
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436:
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431:
425:
423:
421:
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392:
388:
384:
380:
377:found in its
376:
372:
367:
363:
360:
356:
348:
346:
344:
343:species group
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
294:
285:
284:
282:
276:
273:
269:
264:
260:
255:
250:
245:
243:
237:
234:
233:Binomial name
230:
226:
225:
220:
217:
216:
213:
211:
207:
204:
203:Species group
201:
200:
197:
196:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
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142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
94:
88:
83:
72:
68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2751:
2490:
2465:
2448:
2436:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2392:R. avunculus
2391:
2382:
2373:
2365:R. roxellana
2364:
2344:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2294:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2245:P. rubicunda
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2182:P. siamensis
2181:
2172:
2163:
2155:P. robinsoni
2154:
2146:P. femoralis
2145:
2136:
2128:P. sumatrana
2127:
2118:
2109:
2089:
2077:
2069:T. delacouri
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2024:T. francoisi
2023:
2016:T. francoisi
2015:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1907:T. margarita
1906:
1897:
1889:T. cristatus
1888:
1886:
1880:T. mauritius
1879:
1870:
1863:T. cristatus
1862:
1861:
1851:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1756:
1749:Langur group
1733:
1721:
1709:
1700:
1692:P. oustaleti
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1584:P. pennantii
1583:
1575:P. waldronae
1574:
1565:
1554:(Red colobi)
1547:Piliocolobus
1545:
1533:
1524:
1516:C. polykomos
1515:
1506:
1497:
1477:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1034:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
971:
967:
954:
921:
917:
911:
891:
885:
866:
862:
856:
815:. Retrieved
801:
795:
789:
746:
696:
693:Conservation
684:
660:
652:
639:
628:
617:Reproduction
599:
590:
586:
574:
567:
511:groups with
502:
490:
482:Javan lutung
472:T. cristatus
471:
467:
457:
455:
451:
446:
440:
434:
429:
401:
383:fermentation
368:
364:
352:
339:type species
306:
302:
297:
296:
292:
290:
279:
278:
241:
239:
223:
222:
209:
202:
194:
170:Infraorder:
29:
2608:iNaturalist
2515:Wikispecies
2449:S. concolor
2425:N. larvatus
2401:R. strykeri
2383:R. brelichi
2324:P. nigripes
2227:P. canicrus
2191:P. frontata
1988:T. pileatus
1980:T. pileatus
1943:T. obscurus
1935:T. obscurus
1898:T. germaini
1804:S. entellus
1665:P. bouvieri
1602:P. tholloni
1422:(subfamily
817:19 November
715:plantations
611:frugivorous
577:matrilineal
530:chromosomes
493:Pleistocene
379:herbivorous
349:Description
174:Simiiformes
2811:Categories
2333:P. cinerea
2315:P. nemaeus
2272:P. natunae
2209:P. thomasi
2164:P. percura
2137:P. mitrata
2119:P. bicolor
1961:T. phayrei
1871:T. auratus
1831:S. vetulus
1723:Procolobus
1593:P. preussi
1534:C. guereza
1498:C. satanas
1461:Haplorhini
1459:Suborder:
1377:(in Malay)
1327:Biotropica
1108:2024-01-27
974:(1): 2−38.
721:References
699:Vulnerable
675:Binturongs
359:prehensile
164:Haplorhini
160:Suborder:
82:Vulnerable
2767:Q41167985
2296:Pygathrix
2263:P. siberu
2236:P. sabana
2200:P. comata
2098:(Surilis)
2091:Presbytis
2078:T. ebenus
2060:T. laotum
1916:T. barbei
1840:S. johnii
1795:S. hector
1656:P. epieni
1638:P. kirkii
1566:P. badius
1435:Kingdom:
1424:Colobinae
657:Predators
642:gestation
635:menopause
592:infants.
540:to plant
464:Evolution
391:intestine
387:ruminants
375:cellulose
313:. It is
281:Presbytis
218:Species:
120:Kingdom:
114:Eukaryota
2761:Wikidata
2678:12100710
2626:10718801
2500:Wikidata
2467:Category
2374:R. bieti
2218:P. hosei
1822:S. priam
1734:P. verus
1683:P. langi
1455:Primates
1449:Mammalia
1443:Chordata
1441:Phylum:
1437:Animalia
1355:85988264
1273:34267698
1265:17154387
1222:19472173
1148:19986844
1128:Primates
1103:Newsweek
1075:35498121
1015:19214458
946:18406631
766:62265494
740:(2005).
681:Diseases
663:leopards
606:colobine
602:folivore
542:oil palm
426:Taxonomy
420:mangrove
319:mangrove
315:arboreal
309:, is an
283:cristata
272:Synonyms
180:Family:
154:Primates
144:Mammalia
134:Chordata
130:Phylum:
124:Animalia
110:Domain:
87:IUCN 3.1
59:Malaysia
2789:ZooBank
2781:9102310
2665:1000699
2600:2436542
2506:Q368754
2414:Nasalis
2303:(Doucs)
2006:T. geei
1970:T. popa
1786:S. ajax
1611:P. foai
1479:Colobus
1453:Order:
1447:Class:
1335:Bibcode
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