486:, where he was arrested, in order to arrange for the negotiation of a prisoner exchange with the Colombian government. The defendant argued that such efforts were made under the auspices of the UN. There is apparently no evidence that Trinidad had any personal connection with the plane crash, or the decision to take the US contractors captive. The other "co-defendant" in Palmera's case is the entire FARC organization. Judge
575:: Was the first one to arrive at the crash site of the Americans' gunned down plane. A video was played showing the plane's wreckage, including empty ammunition magazines and uniforms supposedly belonging to the FARC, lying by the dead bodies of American Tom Janis and Colombian Army Sergeant Alcídez Cruz, with signs of execution.
663:: A former member of the FARC-EP said to be Trinidad's radio operator for nine years. She allegedly heard when Trinidad ordered the kidnapping of Valledupar's former Major Elías Ochoa. When she was questioned, some details of her testimony differed from the ones given in Colombia to local authorities.
866:
group. The group considers
Palmera to be "one of Latin America's most important leftists," stating that "everyone who is against injustice and who wants to oppose the imperial arrogance of the Bush administration should join in the effort." 14 members of the Committee participated in an October 10,
840:
In
October 2007, Simon Trinidad again achieved a hung jury, in his third month-long trial, this time for involvement in the FARC's drug trafficking activities. According to press reports, a majority of jurors favored acquittal but could not unanimously agree. Prosecutors vowed to put him on trial
795:
On July 5, 2007 there were initial reports that the second U.S. prosecution attempt apparently had also stalled. After only two days of deliberations, the jury in the re-trial indicated that they too could not reach a verdict. Responding to a juror's note stating that "...at this point we are at an
477:
In
February 2005, Ricardo Palmera appeared before a Washington court for a pre-trial hearing, where he pleaded not guilty to the prosecution's charges of drug trafficking and terrorism. The prosecution had asked for, and received, at least a three-month period for the gathering and translation (if
450:
The FARC did not accept this demand, and
Palmera himself had previously stated that he considered his future extradition and prosecution in the U.S. an opportunity to publicly protest against the Uribe administration. As the deadline passed, the Colombian military was placed on high alert, and the
421:
and various other criminal offenses that he allegedly committed, including the extortion or kidnapping of several of his former banking associates, former childhood friends and relatives. His exact rank within the FARC was not made clear by either the rebels or
Colombian authorities at the time of
324:
His area of operations included
Valledupar. Despite Valledupar's being a relatively small city, with less than 300,000 inhabitants, kidnappings in the city would rise, eventually becoming the city with the highest kidnapping rate in Colombia,.. Paramilitary groups also began to grow in the region.
481:
Palmera has also been accused of "hostage taking" because of his alleged complicity in the capture of three U.S. contractors, who crashed while conducting surveillance over rural areas under FARC influence and control. Palmera has been related to this case due to his alleged admission that he had
493:
The court heard arguments on
Palmera's status as a prisoner of war in January. Simon Trinidad's Colombian lawyer testified at the same hearing to rebut FBI claims that he had consented to the interrogation of Mr. Trinidad without the assistance of legal counsel, something totally forbidden in
344:
On
December 11, 1995, Colombian authorities learned that "Simón Trinidad" had become the sixth commander in-line of the FARC's Caribbean Bloc, being in charge of guerrilla propaganda. In November 1996, Colombian authorities discovered that Palmera was now third in the chain of command of the
245:
He then started to work for the administrative staff of the
Popular University of Cesar and also became part of the academic cadre as a professor of Colombian Economic History in the Administrative Sciences Department. At the same time, he also worked as bank manager for the privately owned
728:
and
Colombian drug cartels. He admitted to the use of kidnappings by the FARC and said that the organization was paying too high a political cost for this practice. He also admitted his role as spokesperson of the organization during the peace process with the government of President
649:
Agent who interviewed Trinidad in Ecuador three times and confirmed Trinidad's statements from the video made in Ecuador. The Defense alleged that his testimony was based on his notes and not on his recollection of the events. Trinidad yelled, "Liar!" at him at one moment of the
870:
The "National Committee to Free Ricardo Palmera" states on its website that " made up of Colombia solidarity activists in the U.S. and around the world. We ask all those who oppose U.S. intervention in Colombia to join us in demanding freedom for Ricardo Palmera."
675:: Was a personal friend of Trinidad before he joined the FARC who affirmed he had kidnapped him. His wife also intervened saying she had negotiated with the FARC for his freedom and that she had heard Trinidad's voice in the background talking about the kidnapping.
556:: Coordinator of the eradication program for which the three kidnapped Americans worked. He testified that the mission objective was part of an anti-narcotics campaign. He admitted that his team sometimes provided intelligence information on FARC positions.
824:
newspaper reported that U.S. prosecutors in charge of Palmera's case were surprised by the existence of the letter and its publication, since Palmera is held in solitary confinement and his lawyers are prohibited from distributing any information.
446:
On December 17, 2004, the Colombian government authorized Palmera's extradition to the United States, but stated that the measure could be revoked if the FARC released all 63 (political and military) hostages in its possession before December 30.
438:
In November 2004, the Colombian Supreme Court approved the extradition of Palmera to the U.S., on charges related to the drug trade and money laundering. The extradition would then proceed if President Uribe gave final approval to the move.
235:, where he studied Economics. It is frequently said that he also attended Harvard University, where supposedly he completed graduate work in business economics, however he does not speak English as he recognized during an interview in 2012.
625:: Ecuadorian attorney who interrogated Trinidad in Ecuador, he provided a video of Trinidad confessing he was in Ecuador to promote a prisoner exchange for the FARC, which was used as one of the main pieces of evidence against Trinidad.
891:
203:
Juvenal Palmera and Alicia Pineda de Palmera. He was named Juvenal Ricardo Ovidio Palmera Pineda, with an unusual third name to his name. He is known to have three siblings: two sisters, Leonor and Elsa and a brother, Jaime.
328:
In May 1992, Palmera and Abelardo Caicedo (aka "Solis Almeida"), ordered the kidnapping and later the murder of Colombian Navy Lieutenant Álvaro Fernando Morris Piedrahíta. On August 17, 1994, he was assigned to command the
828:
Palmera's lawyers denied the letter's authenticity before Judge Tom Hogan during his first U.S. trial, arguing that Palmera was not its real author and blamed the FARC for producing it as a form of political propaganda.
442:
In a communique dated November 28 but released on December 3, the FARC declared that Trinidad's extradition would be a serious obstacle to reaching a prisoner exchange agreement with the Colombian government.
280:
In 1987, after a peasant strike in the Alfonso López plaza in Valledupar, Palmera stole 30 million pesos from the bank where he was working as a manager and escaped into the mountains, apparently joining the
874:
The Committee supports the FARC's activities in Colombia, describing its leadership as "incorruptible through forty years of struggle" and the rebel group as one that is "fighting for national liberation".
806:. U.S. prosecutors then indicated that they could recommend a lower sentence for Palmera's subsequent conspiracy conviction if FARC released the three Americans unharmed within the next two months.
1894:
171:(FARC), and reputedly the first high-ranking member of that guerrilla group to be captured. "Simón Trinidad" is currently serving a 60-year sentence in solitary confinement in the United States at
494:
Colombian law. The court has yet to rule on combatant immunity, the admissibility of the alleged confessions to the FBI, and of evidence of other crimes allegedly occurring in Colombia.
895:
720:: His testimony was considered unusual for many observers due to the nature of this case. He alleged that his reasons for joining the FARC included the assassination of many of his
762:, tourist, civilian, or whatever, had to be kidnapped. No one should be able to escape. They were very important for a exchange or because they could be used to get a big ransom.
669:: FBI expert on the FARC, explained to the Judge the FARC's "Law 002", which threatens civilians and companies with more than a million dollars net worth to pay an extortion fee.
543:
The testimony given by Trinidad to the Ecuadorian government at the moment of his capture was given under pressure; He did say that he was negotiating a prisoner exchange.
832:
Prosecutors considered that the detailed letter, if in fact it was actually written by Palmera, could constitute a federal crime, which may be used against him in court.
534:
Simón Trinidad never participated in the kidnapping because he was chief of the Caribbean Bloc and was in the northern region of the country at the time of the incident.
1534:
417:, by local authorities and speedily deported to Colombia, where he faced charges for rebellion, the kidnapping and later assassination of Colombian former minister
681:: Affirmed he had heard Trinidad talking on the radio suggesting that the US fumigation planes ought to be shot at, but admitted that this recording had been lost.
1457:
1386:
1369:
796:
impasse and do not believe that we will be able to reach a unanimous verdict...", U.S. District Judge Royce C. Lamberth told the jurors to resume deliberations.
388:
656:: said that the FARC were utilizing the people's emotions to promote the exchange, to a point that it has become a constant means of pressuring the government.
451:
U.S. embassy in Bogotá issued a terrorism alert to U.S. citizens in Colombia. The extradition was signed by president Álvaro Uribe and Palmera was placed on a
1352:
1325:
478:
applicable) of the necessary evidence. The legal complexities of the case and the paperwork involved set back the date of the trial for at least six months.
211:, one of the better schools in the city at that time. He also frequented the Valledupar Social Club. Part of his high school education was completed in the
1884:
694:
610:. He testified that the bodies had been executed with the same type of bullets found at the same location from where the aircraft had been shot down.
1265:
619:: Reaffirmed that the bodies had been executed with the same type of bullets found at the same location from where the aircraft had been shot down.
1838:
1075:
431:
515:
Simón Trinidad is part of the Central Command of FARC, and as a high-ranking member he should pay for the crimes perpetrated by the organization.
1571:
802:
The next day, jurors informed the judge that they could not reach a common verdict on the other four remaining charges, resulting in a partial
294:
168:
107:
746:, testified against him. She said she witnessed Trinidad ordering a subordinate to collect a ransom payment for the kidnapped former mayor of
1823:
1620:
1483:
943:
566:
Corp. He insisted the kidnapped Americans were civilians while Trinidad's Defense argued that their main purpose was to spy on the FARC.
1014:
594:: recorded the video that proved that the Americans were still alive and in which the FARC took full responsibility for the kidnapping.
285:
at this time. He also took with him financial records that he would later use for extortions and kidnapping of traders and landowners.
1818:
376:
and acting as FARC's speaker, he announced that the group was going to attack any aircraft or troops that performed any fumigation on
524:
Trinidad himself admitted at the moment of being captured that he was part of a commission intended to negotiate a prisoner exchange.
1813:
1562:
1134:
960:
917:
257:. They perceived that bipartisan Colombian administrations ignored the pleas of the poor peasants in the area for fairer credit and
490:
authorized the publishing in Colombian newspapers of a summons for the FARC organization to appear in court to answer the charges.
738:
On October 30, 2006, a former female guerrilla who claimed to operate Trinidad's radio during his time as commander of the FARC's
273:
created in 1985. This party was subject to political violence from drug lords, paramilitaries and military agents, leading to the
1889:
1615:
1491:
1869:
1475:
817:
An open letter allegedly sent by "Trinidad" from his imprisonment surfaced on the internet and was posted on leftist websites.
452:
1706:
1649:
687:: Talked about an intercepted communication among FARC members on December 31, 2004, the day on which Trinidad was extradited.
361:
1175:
714:. He filmed the base camp where the victims may have been held as well as notebooks proving Trinidad's presence on the site.
277:, kidnappings and assassinations of many of its members, while others later became active guerrillas or refugees overseas.
1610:
318:
142:
856:
organization based in the United States which calls for the release of Ricardo Palmera, ("Simón Trinidad") member of the
1879:
1780:
1595:
1521:
1499:
743:
585:
392:
338:
1605:
1600:
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1455:
1367:
1253:
1218:
1828:
1791:
1753:
799:
On July 9, the jurors declared Palmera guilty of the charge of conspiring to hold the three U.S. citizens hostage.
725:
270:
99:
1350:
1329:
579:
398:
369:
261:. By September 1981, Palmera, Jaime Sierra, Tomás Agudelo and Federico Palacios Romaña had created a group named
1529:
1431:
1394:
302:
1874:
1630:
1585:
152:
132:
1113:
1736:
1303:
418:
200:
207:
He spent most of his childhood in Valledupar, where he attended middle school classes in the public school
1864:
1638:
1555:
721:
518:
Trinidad participated in and/or conspired in the kidnapping of three American citizens in February 2003.
395:
1073:
707:
373:
357:
238:
After graduation, he returned to Valledupar and started working for the government-owned agrarian bank
751:
1859:
1833:
1730:
821:
274:
253:
While teaching at the Popular University of Cesar, Palmera, some fellow professors and others became
1263:
1774:
1742:
220:
85:
1718:
430:
1654:
353:
180:
1764:
1644:
991:
1759:
1229:
711:
459:. "Simón Trinidad" was extradited to the United States in the afternoon of December 31, 2004.
330:
1682:
1548:
1507:
1012:
782:, which was unable to reach a unanimous verdict. The U.S. prosecution arranged a new trial.
563:
266:
196:
1138:
1808:
1769:
1659:
1500:
Cargos contra 'Simón Trinidad' impedirían incluir a estadounidenses en posible intercambio
1461:
1373:
1356:
1269:
1079:
1018:
537:
He is part of an insurgent organization that is in conflict with the Colombian government.
487:
1724:
1515:
964:
921:
1091:
1786:
1748:
1179:
803:
775:
701:
630:
570:
387:
He continued to participate as a highly visible negotiator during the failed 1998–2002
498:
1853:
1700:
1688:
710:
that almost located numerous kidnapped civilians, among them the three Americans and
297:
in 1987, confirming this in 1991. By then he was believed to be in command of FARC's
1712:
1664:
1408:
1030:
172:
20:
1281:
1052:
606:: Was in charge of recovering the dead bodies at the crash site and performed the
540:
The captured Americans were spying on the FARC-EP, making them legitimate targets.
562:: Director of California Microwave Systems, a division of the defense contractor
600:: Testified that the weapons used to shoot down the plane were used by the FARC.
258:
1484:
Audiencias del caso Simón Trinidad evidencian que el juicio será trascendental
1409:"Bush administration admits defeat in Ricardo Palmera case | Fight Back!"
747:
636:
192:
81:
1135:"ZCommunications | The FARC Indictment by Paul Wolf | ZNet Article"
841:
yet again. In April 2008, Trinidad's fourth trial also ended in a hung jury.
588:'s Mobile Column Teófilo Forero celebrated the shooting down of the aircraft.
863:
779:
614:
607:
365:
1492:
Se cumplió la audiencia contra “Simón Trinidad” en una corte norteamericana
1031:"Human Rights Watch World Report 2001: Colombia: Human Rights Developments"
766:
Her testimony lasted four hours and was expected to continue the next day.
232:
216:
857:
853:
176:
89:
1476:
De ratón de archivos del FBI a defensor del guerrillero ‘Simón Trinidad’
635:: taped an audio recording of the FARC commander known by the alias of "
697:
where he had multiple encounters with Trinidad as a member of the FARC.
483:
456:
414:
254:
24:
349:(Major State of the Caribbean Bloc; the higher command of this bloc).
1522:
Entrevista con Abogado Paul Wolf, Radio Cafe Stereo, 13 de marzo 2007
1435:
852:
The "National Committee to Free Ricardo Palmera" is an ideologically
759:
521:
He is part of the terrorist group that kidnapped the three Americans.
301:, created by Palmera in June 1990, which operated in the area of the
639:
in 2002, ordering his guerrillas to kidnap any American in Colombia.
598:
An expert in ballistics from the Colombian Attorney General's Office
497:
After his extradition to the United States, Simón Trinidad was held
434:
Simón Trinidad being escorted to the plane by Colombian authorities.
191:
Palmera was born into a traditional landowner family in the city of
604:
An expert in forensics from the Colombian Attorney General's Office
1508:
La defensa de Simon Trinidad intenta que el juicio se declare nulo
809:
On January 28, 2008, Palmera was sentenced to 60 years in prison.
429:
410:
381:
1114:"Robert Novak - Conservative Columnist and Political Commentator"
860:
377:
282:
1544:
1387:"Judge declares mistrial in drug case against Colombian rebel"
867:
2006 protest that preceded the beginning of Trinidad's trial.
646:
293:
Colombian authorities suspect that Palmera became part of the
1516:
Fight Back! interviews Oscar Silva, Lawyer to Ricardo Palmera
654:
Former employee of the High Commissioner for the Peace Office
844:
All drug charges against Trinidad were dropped in May 2008.
1540:
1535:
Simón Trinidad, FARC Spokesman at the Negotiating Table
1328:. Al Jazeera English. January 29, 2008. Archived from
16:
Colombian criminal incarcerated in a US federal prison
242:
as a financial adviser. During this time he married.
1895:
People extradited from Colombia to the United States
183:
with a scheduled release date of February 17, 2055.
1801:
1673:
1629:
1578:
1537:. D.Streatfeild. Source Interview. 20 November 2000
1092:"Americas | 'Deadliest' hit on Colombian army"
1053:"Americas | Court clears Colombia extradition"
501:in Washington, D.C., without access to his lawyer.
305:mountain range. Palmera had adopted the aliases of
148:
138:
127:
117:
95:
65:
55:
47:
40:
1282:"Americas | Farc leader guilty of US kidnaps"
693:: Former Senator of Colombia, participated in the
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
986:
984:
982:
944:"Trinidad: La silla vacía de los diálogos de paz"
758:The instructions that he gave us were that any
1326:"US court sentences Colombian rebel – Americas"
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
724:colleagues and the persecution against them by
368:concept". On July 4 of the same year, while in
31: and the second or maternal family name is
219:. He spent his last two years of schooling in
1556:
918:"Vidas paralelas, Articulo Impreso Archivado"
584:: Recorded the audio in which members of the
8:
1249:
1247:
1563:
1549:
1541:
1530:National Committee to Free Ricardo Palmera
37:
955:
953:
389:FARC-Government peace process (1999–2002)
685:Colombian National Police radio operator
679:Colombian National Police radio operator
409:Palmera was captured in January 2004 in
1434:. Free Ricardo Palmera!. Archived from
961:"¡POR FIN!, Articulo Impreso Archivado"
883:
169:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
167:, a high-ranking member of the former
163:(born July 30, 1950) is the alias of
108:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
269:orientation. They also supported the
165:Juvenal Ovidio Ricardo Palmera Pineda
51:Juvenal Ovidio Ricardo Palmera Pineda
7:
1230:"Documenta | EL MUNDO en Orbyt"
706:: Commanded a military operation in
313:, and later also became part of the
1885:Colombian people imprisoned abroad
1304:"Latest AP – Government Headlines"
754:, in 1998. She also claimed that:
384:plantations in southern Colombia.
356:interviewed Palmera in Los Pozos,
14:
1411:. Fightbacknews.org. May 9, 2008
1385:Apuzzo, Matt (April 21, 2008).
362:international humanitarian law
360:. He was quoted as dismissing
347:Estado Mayor del Bloque Caribe
1:
1094:. BBC News. February 10, 2005
1055:. BBC News. November 25, 2004
695:FARC-Government Peace Process
319:Caribbean Bloc of the FARC-EP
229:Jorge Tadeo Lozano University
143:Caribbean Bloc of the FARC-EP
963:. Semana.com. Archived from
920:. Semana.com. Archived from
744:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
586:Southern Bloc of the FARC-EP
352:In 2000, investigators from
339:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
23:, the first or paternal
1372:September 25, 2006, at the
892:"Federal Bureau of Prisons"
199:, on July 30, 1950. Son of
1911:
1839:List of political hostages
1137:. Zmag.org. Archived from
227:. He then enrolled in the
195:in the Colombian northern
18:
1460:November 8, 2006, at the
1268:October 25, 2007, at the
1017:February 2, 2008, at the
894:. Bop.gov. Archived from
774:On November 21 of 2006 a
580:Colombian National Police
225:Naval School of Cartagena
209:Colegio Nacional Loperena
1284:. BBC News. July 9, 2007
153:Colombian armed conflict
1890:Inmates of ADX Florence
1432:"Free Ricardo Palmera!"
1176:"Vanguardia Valledupar"
1870:People from Valledupar
1683:Manuel Marulanda Vélez
1397:on September 29, 2011.
1355:June 10, 2007, at the
1306:(in Chinese). CBS News
1078:March 8, 2005, at the
778:was declared due to a
764:
691:Luis Guillermo Giraldo
435:
370:San Vicente del Caguán
335:José Prudencio Padilla
265:(The Independents) of
240:Caja Agraria del Cesar
1621:Middle Magdalena Bloc
756:
726:paramilitary militias
722:Patriotic Union Party
510:Prosecution arguments
433:
337:that operated in the
275:forced disappearances
271:Patriotic Union Party
118:Years of service
1834:Front Ricardo Franco
1737:Tomás Medina Caracas
1641:(Commander in Chief)
994:. Presidencia.gov.co
813:Possible open letter
592:Jorge Enrique Botero
250:(Bank of Commerce).
133:Central High Command
1880:Colombian criminals
946:. 13 November 2012.
455:aircraft bound for
303:Serranía del Perijá
1655:Mauricio Jaramillo
708:Caquetá Department
643:Alejandro Barbeito
436:
354:Human Rights Watch
263:Los Independientes
248:Banco del Comercio
181:Florence, Colorado
1847:
1846:
1616:Northwestern Bloc
898:on March 10, 2012
712:Ingrid Betancourt
673:Colombian citizen
529:Defense arguments
158:
157:
113:
105:
61:"Federico Bogotá"
59:"Simón Trinidad"
1902:
1743:Martín Caballero
1639:Timoleón Jiménez
1586:Chain of Command
1565:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1526:
1518:, April/May 2006
1512:
1504:
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1446:
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1443:
1427:
1421:
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1405:
1399:
1398:
1393:. Archived from
1382:
1376:
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1359:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1332:on March 8, 2008
1322:
1316:
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1300:
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1239:
1237:
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1188:
1187:
1178:. Archived from
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1038:
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1021:
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1001:
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992:":: Sne ::"
988:
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972:
957:
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940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
564:Northrop Grumman
267:Marxist-Leninist
213:Colegio Helvetia
197:Cesar Department
123:FARC (1987-2004)
111:
103:
79:
75:
73:
38:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1875:Members of FARC
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1829:Patriotic Union
1802:Characteristics
1797:
1770:Tanja Nijmeijer
1675:
1669:
1660:Pablo Catatumbo
1625:
1574:
1569:
1524:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1462:Wayback Machine
1454:
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1414:
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1402:
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1374:Wayback Machine
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1270:Wayback Machine
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1185:
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1173:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1141:on July 1, 2009
1133:
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1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
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1080:Wayback Machine
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161:Simón Trinidad
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78:(age 74)
76:July 30, 1950
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22:
1765:Andrés París
1713:Alfonso Cano
1694:
1665:Pastor Alape
1645:Iván Márquez
1606:Western Bloc
1601:Central Bloc
1591:Eastern Bloc
1579:Organization
1525:(in Spanish)
1511:(in Spanish)
1503:(in Spanish)
1495:(in Spanish)
1487:(in Spanish)
1479:(in Spanish)
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:the original
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1403:
1395:the original
1390:
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1334:. Retrieved
1330:the original
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1308:. Retrieved
1298:
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1232:. Elmundo.es
1224:
1184:. Retrieved
1180:the original
1143:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
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1096:. Retrieved
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996:. Retrieved
969:. Retrieved
965:the original
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623:Raúl Salgado
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488:Thomas Hogan
482:traveled to
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393:Conservative
386:
351:
346:
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289:Life in FARC
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208:
206:
190:
173:ADX Florence
164:
160:
159:
149:Battles/wars
104:(until 1987)
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
1860:1950 births
1754:Iván Vargas
1691:(founder) †
1685:(founder) †
1631:Secretariat
1415:October 19,
1336:October 19,
1310:October 19,
1288:October 19,
1236:October 19,
1145:October 19,
1098:October 19,
1059:October 19,
1037:October 19,
998:October 19,
971:October 19,
928:October 19,
902:October 19,
752:Elías Ochoa
734:Development
667:Jina Pagano
426:Extradition
391:held under
341:mountains.
259:land reform
112:(from 1987)
56:Nickname(s)
1854:Categories
1794:(captured)
1756:(captured)
1733:(captured)
1707:Mono Jojoy
1701:Raúl Reyes
1697:(captured)
1442:2012-11-20
1186:2016-02-09
1120:2012-11-20
879:References
848:Supporters
748:Valledupar
637:Mono Jojoy
317:Northern (
193:Valledupar
187:Early life
96:Allegiance
82:Valledupar
72:1950-07-30
48:Birth name
1814:Structure
1725:Iván Ríos
1676:personnel
1033:. Hrw.org
864:guerrilla
858:Colombian
822:El Tiempo
780:hung jury
729:Pastrana.
615:Forensics
608:autopsies
548:Witnesses
473:Pre-trial
396:President
366:bourgeois
333:known as
223:, in the
221:Cartagena
1458:Archived
1391:Fox News
1370:Archived
1353:Archived
1266:Archived
1076:Archived
1015:Archived
854:leftwing
804:mistrial
776:mistrial
740:Front 41
331:Front 19
299:Front 41
255:leftists
177:Supermax
90:Colombia
19:In this
1819:Attacks
1809:History
1572:FARC-EP
791:Verdict
770:Verdict
742:in the
573:Colonel
484:Ecuador
457:Florida
415:Ecuador
405:Capture
374:Caquetá
358:Caquetá
295:FARC-EP
110:(FARC)
29:Palmera
25:surname
1781:Romaña
1775:Karina
760:gringo
650:trial.
617:expert
463:Trials
364:as a "
233:Bogotá
217:Bogotá
33:Pineda
1792:César
1731:Sonia
1674:Other
704:Major
661:Maria
505:Trial
411:Quito
382:poppy
231:, in
102:(UP)
86:Cesar
1824:PCCC
1417:2010
1338:2010
1312:2010
1290:2010
1238:2010
1147:2010
1100:2010
1061:2010
1039:2010
1000:2010
973:2010
930:2010
904:2010
861:FARC
820:The
659:Aka
378:coca
309:and
283:FARC
139:Unit
128:Rank
66:Born
647:FBI
453:DEA
380:or
321:).
215:in
27:is
1856::
1389:.
1246:^
1195:^
1155:^
981:^
952:^
750:,
645::
629:A
413:,
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372:,
84:,
74:)
1783:†
1745:†
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175:"
70:(
35:.
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