1952:
2141:
36-57% in adult males, while SIV infection is rare in immature individuals. SIV infected vervets in the wild do not develop chronic immune activation or microbial translocation (assessed by sCD14 as a surrogate biomarker). During natural SIV infection, the gut microbiome showed a significant increase in microbial diversity, a decrease in
Proteobacteria/Succinivibrio and an increase of Veillonella, a decrease in genes involved in pathways of microbial invasion, and partial reversibility of acute infection-related shifts in microbial abundance. The pattern of natural selection in the monkey genome in genes involved in HIV responses and those regulated in response to experimental SIV infection in monkeys, but not macaques, suggests a natural adaptation to SIV in Chlorocebus monkeys in Africa.
1964:
Disease progression to AIDS occurs within a period of months to years, depending upon the SIV strain used. Non-pathogenic infection is typified by
African NHPs naturally infected with SIV. These animals rarely progress to AIDS despite maintaining viral loads that are equivalent to SIV viral loads in pathogenic infections. It is postulated that AIDS-like disease in African NHPs represents horizontal transmission of the virus from one or more homologous species in the recent evolutionary past, before equilibrium of co-adaptation has occurred.
60:
42:
1722:
suffering from simian AIDS (SAIDS). The discovery of SIV was made shortly after HIV-1 had been isolated as the cause of AIDS and led to the discovery of HIV-2 strains in West Africa. HIV-2 was more similar to the then-known SIV strains than to HIV-1, suggesting for the first time the simian origin of
1556:
While human immunodeficiency virus has a limited number of subtypes, SIV is now known to infect a few dozen species of non-human primates, and distinct strains are often associated with each species, or with a set of closely related species. The thus far categorized ~40 strains are divided into five
1963:
SIV pathogenesis encompasses both pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infections. SIV infection of non-human primates (NHPs) invariably results in persistent infection, but rarely acute disease. Pathogenic infection is typified by Rhesus macaques infected with SIV strains derived from sooty mangabeys.
1742:
analyses of sequences, it was previously thought by many that SIV infection in monkeys had happened over the past few hundred years. Scientists estimated that it would take a similar amount of time before humans would adapt naturally to HIV infection in the way monkeys in Africa have adapted to SIV
1746:
In 2008, discovery of an endogenous lentivirus in a prosimian (proto-monkey) primate, the gray mouse lemur native to
Madagascar, pushed the origin of SIV-like lentivirus infections in primates back to at least 14 Ma, the last time there was intermingling of mammals between the island of Madagascar
270:
Unlike SIVsmm infection in sooty mangabeys, a recent study of SIVcpz in wild living chimpanzees suggests that infected chimpanzees experience an AIDS-like illness similar to HIV-1 infected humans. The later stages of SIV infection develop into sAIDS, much like how HIV infection develops into AIDS.
250:
in Africa. Four subtypes of HIV-1 (M, N, O, and P) likely arose through four separate transmissions of SIV to humans, and the resulting HIV-1 group M strain most commonly infects people worldwide. Therefore, it is theorized that SIV may have previously crossed the species barrier into human hosts
2132:
and a team of researchers in 2009 found that chimpanzees do die from simian AIDS in the wild and that the AIDS outbreak in Africa has contributed to the decline of chimpanzee populations. Testing wild chimpanzees, researchers detected organ and tissue damage similar to late-stage human AIDS. The
2140:
African green monkeys (also called vervets, genus
Chlorocebus) in African populations are heavily infected with SIVagm, while the virus is absent in the founder isolate vervet populations in the Caribbean. The prevalence of SIV infection in African populations ranges 78-90% in adult females and
262:
Unlike HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in humans, SIV infections in their natural simian non-human hosts appear in many cases to be non-pathogenic due to evolutionary adaptation of the hosts to the virus. Extensive studies in sooty mangabeys have established that SIVsmm infection does not cause any
2164:
In 2013, a study by a group of authors reported on successful testing of a vaccine containing SIV protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus vector. Approximately 50% of vaccinated rhesus macaques manifested durable, aviraemic control of infection with the highly pathogenic strain SIVmac239.
1747:
and the
African mainland, if the infection is attributed to horizontal transmission between homologous hosts. If the virus was coevolved with the host, rather than acquired, that potentially pushes the date of the endogenous event back to approx. 85 Ma, the split between the
293:
that cause AIDS, and a few other viruses that infect other primates. Related viruses in other groups in the genus infect other mammals like sheep and goats, horses, cattle, cats, and a few others. The genus is one of six genera in subfamily
2133:
infected chimpanzees had a 10 to 16 times greater risk of dying than uninfected ones; infected females were less likely to give birth, could pass the virus to their infants, and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females.
1723:
HIV. Further studies indicated that HIV-2 is derived from the SIVsmm strain found in sooty mangabeys, whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz).
1943:
do not necessarily give rise to population-wide new organisms. The rate of proliferation of quasispecies has significant implication for host immune control, and therefore virulence of the organism.
1726:
It is not believed that chimpanzees are the original hosts of an independent lineage of SIV, but rather that SIVcpz is a relatively recent acquisition resulting from a recombination of SIVgsn (
2764:"Discovery and full genome characterization of two highly divergent simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Kibale National Park, Uganda"
1951:
1768:
The SIV virion is a spherical to pleomorphic glycoprotein envelope 110-120 nm across enclosing a 110x50nm truncated cone or wedge-shaped (occasionally rod) capsid containing a
1718:
Immunodeficiency resembling human AIDS was reported in captive monkeys in the United States beginning in 1983. SIV was isolated in 1985 from some of these animals, captive
1710:
In addition to the subgroups defined for extent SIVs, two endogenous SIVs are found in prosimian lemurs. These paleo-SIVs form a basal branch relative to extant SIVs.
4874:
1734:) within the host chimpanzee. It is known that chimpanzees hunt and consume these monkeys for food. In 2010, researchers reported that SIV had infected monkeys in
4291:
3751:
4887:
315:
code of SIV is 61.0.6.5.003. Although HIV-1 and HIV-2 cladistically fall into SIV, ICTV considers them distinct species from ordinary, non-human-infecting SIV.
2926:
Daniel MD, Letvin NL, King NW, Kannagi M, Sehgal PK, Hunt RD, et al. (June 1985). "Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques".
2355:
Worobey M, Telfer P, Souquière S, Hunter M, Coleman CA, Metzger MJ, et al. (September 2010). "Island biogeography reveals the deep history of SIV".
3066:
4861:
2180:
1773:
246:
viruses. The most likely route of transmission of HIV-1 to humans involves contact with the blood of chimps and gorillas that are often hunted for
3639:
3572:"Neutralization-resistant" refers to strains which are not able to be neutralized by the native immune response due to compensating mutation; see
3475:"Shifts in microbial diversity, composition, and functionality in the gut and genital microbiome during a natural SIV infection in vervet monkeys"
3747:
1959:, grouped by similarity. Red cells are from monkeys infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus, while blue cells are from uninfected ones.
211:
about 11,000 years ago, it has been concluded that SIV has been present in monkeys and apes for at least 32,000 years, and probably much longer.
3778:
2697:
4347:
2228:
4766:
4245:
3990:
1937:
The speed and transcription inaccuracies of RNA viruses give rise to antigenically distinct varieties in a single host animal. These
4042:
2298:
Peeters M, Courgnaud V (2002). Kuiken C, Foley B, Freed E, Hahn B, Korber B, Marx PA, McCutchan FE, Mellors JW, Wolinsky S (eds.).
3321:"SIVagm infection in wild African green monkeys from South Africa: epidemiology, natural history, and evolutionary considerations"
2307:. HIV sequence compendium. Los Alamos, NM: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory. pp. 2β23
4826:
2196:
3912:
3897:
4925:
4687:
2240:
259:, that it finally took hold, spreading beyond localized decimations of a few individuals or single small tribal populations.
4771:
4562:
4341:
4323:
4270:
3375:"Factors associated with siman immunodeficiency virus transmission in a natural African nonhuman primate host in the wild"
2499:"CCR5 as a Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses: A Prototypic Love-Hate Affair"
2236:
2232:
4527:
4213:
4208:
4154:
2329:
2266:
4552:
4219:
4184:
2202:
1857:
Differences in species specificity of SIV and related retroviruses may be partly explained by variants of the protein
1795:
2639:
Ahuka-Mundeke S, Ayouba A, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Liegeois F, Esteban A, Lunguya-Metila O, et al. (December 2011).
59:
4204:
3771:
3090:"A transitional endogenous lentivirus from the genome of a basal primate and implications for lentivirus evolution"
2129:
4892:
3062:
4920:
4582:
4522:
4179:
3907:
1727:
1873:, which exerts antiretroviral immune activity, may also be important in restricting cross-species transmission.
4557:
4335:
2210:
279:
The simian (monkey-hosted) immunodeficiency viruses are a species of retrovirus in the
Primate group of genus
2299:
3843:
1697:
4788:
4532:
4517:
3838:
3854:
3139:
Heeney JL, Dalgleish AG, Weiss RA (July 2006). "Origins of HIV and the evolution of resistance to AIDS".
1627:
4915:
4743:
4432:
4280:
4265:
4225:
3791:
3764:
3756:
1647:
1608:
1670:
1666:
1662:
263:
disease in these primates, despite high levels of circulating virus. Regulation of the activity of the
3923:
3871:
3246:
4848:
4449:
3673:
3599:
3588:"Vaccine protection against acquisition of neutralization-resistant SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys"
3272:
3148:
2935:
2877:
2364:
2218:
1601:
252:
54:
4412:
4395:
4378:
4085:
3573:
2190:
1900:+ssRNA β -ssDNA β dsDNA β +ssRNA (viral genome) β +ssmRNA β viral protein
1731:
1651:
1639:
1570:
4715:
4644:
4627:
4016:
3737:, Vol 8, No 5, May 2002. Contains a picture of the relationship among the various SIV/HIV strains.
3473:
Jasinska AJ, Dong TS, Lagishetty V, Katzka W, Jacobs JP, Schmitt CA, et al. (November 2020).
267:
coreceptor is one of the natural strategies to avoid disease in some natural host species of SIV.
4593:
4458:
4421:
4159:
3526:"Ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across African vervet monkey populations"
3172:
2556:
2388:
2214:
2137:
appear to avoid simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and its effects, though it is not known why.
1939:
1597:
3524:
Svardal H, Jasinska AJ, Apetrei C, Coppola G, Huang Y, Schmitt CA, et al. (December 2017).
2248:
is another virus that came from simians and into human populations in the mid twentieth century.
1635:
4879:
4102:
4068:
3088:
Gifford, RJ; Katzourakis, A; Tristem, M; Pybus, OG; Winters, M; Shafer, RW (23 December 2008).
2713:
Peeters M, Courgnaud V, Abela B, Auzel P, Pourrut X, Bibollet-Ruche F, et al. (May 2002).
2153:
by neutralization-resistant SIV strains could be partially prevented through use of an anti-SIV
4835:
4463:
4367:
4352:
4236:
4134:
3902:
3888:
3699:
3660:
Hansen SG, Piatak M, Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Gilbride RM, Ford JC, et al. (October 2013).
3625:
3555:
3506:
3455:
3404:
3352:
3298:
3229:
3211:
3164:
3121:
3044:
2992:
2951:
2905:
2846:
2795:
2744:
2693:
2670:
2621:
2538:
2520:
2479:
2438:
2380:
2224:
2206:
1769:
1678:
1674:
1631:
1562:
295:
227:
3731:"Risk to Human Health from a Plethora of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses in Primate Bushmeat"
2864:
Letvin NL, Eaton KA, Aldrich WR, Sehgal PK, Blake BJ, Schlossman SF, et al. (May 1983).
2715:"Risk to human health from a plethora of simian immunodeficiency viruses in primate bushmeat"
17:
4930:
4285:
3689:
3681:
3615:
3607:
3545:
3537:
3496:
3486:
3445:
3435:
3394:
3386:
3342:
3332:
3288:
3280:
3261:"Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz"
3219:
3203:
3156:
3111:
3101:
3034:
3026:
2982:
2943:
2895:
2885:
2836:
2826:
2785:
2775:
2762:
Lauck M, Switzer WM, Sibley SD, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, et al. (October 2013).
2734:
2726:
2660:
2652:
2611:
2603:
2528:
2510:
2469:
2428:
2420:
2372:
1686:
1658:
215:
200:
4329:
4256:
4195:
4145:
3829:
3796:
2573:
1739:
1693:
1616:
120:
108:
96:
3259:
Keele BF, Jones JH, Terio KA, Estes JD, Rudicell RS, Wilson ML, et al. (July 2009).
3190:
Pandrea, Ivona; Sodora, Donald L.; Silvestri, Guido; Apetrei, Cristian (September 2008).
3730:
3677:
3603:
3373:
Ma D, Jasinska AJ, Feyertag F, Wijewardana V, Kristoff J, He T, et al. (May 2014).
3319:
Ma D, Jasinska A, Kristoff J, Grobler JP, Turner T, Jung Y, et al. (January 2013).
3276:
3152:
2939:
2881:
2413:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
2368:
4497:
4486:
4170:
3959:
3818:
3694:
3661:
3620:
3587:
3550:
3525:
3501:
3474:
3450:
3423:
3399:
3374:
3347:
3320:
3293:
3260:
3224:
3191:
3116:
3089:
3039:
3014:
2987:
2971:"Histopathologic changes in macaques with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)"
2970:
2841:
2814:
2790:
2763:
2739:
2714:
2665:
2640:
2616:
2591:
2533:
2498:
2474:
2457:
2433:
2408:
2334:
2150:
1956:
1719:
1682:
1593:
1589:
1574:
219:
3586:
Barouch DH, Liu J, Li H, Maxfield LF, Abbink P, Lynch DM, et al. (January 2012).
2900:
2865:
251:
multiple times throughout history, but it was not until recently, after the advent of
4909:
4057:
3970:
3807:
2125:
1755:
primate lineages. That date barely antedates the emergence of the primates 87.7 Ma.
1748:
1701:
1643:
1612:
3422:
Kapusinszky B, Mulvaney U, Jasinska AJ, Deng X, Freimer N, Delwart E (August 2015).
3176:
3030:
2392:
2301:
Overview of
Primate Lentiviruses and their Evolution in Non-human Primates in Africa
4840:
4661:
4543:
4275:
3948:
1861:
in humans and non-human primate species. This intracellular protein recognizes the
1582:
305:
132:
3337:
2831:
4820:
4698:
4573:
4005:
3981:
3719:
2607:
1858:
4811:
3491:
3192:"Into the Wild: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection in Natural Hosts"
3094:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2870:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1865:
of various retroviruses and blocks their reproduction. Other proteins, such as
41:
4756:
4678:
4508:
4302:
4123:
2641:"Novel multiplexed HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus antibody detection assay"
2515:
2158:
1752:
300:
281:
192:
156:
144:
3215:
3207:
2780:
2524:
4610:
4033:
3160:
3106:
2947:
2376:
208:
84:
3703:
3629:
3559:
3510:
3459:
3408:
3356:
3302:
3233:
3168:
3125:
3048:
2890:
2850:
2799:
2748:
2730:
2674:
2656:
2625:
2542:
2483:
2442:
2424:
2384:
2996:
2955:
2909:
4805:
3440:
3390:
2690:
Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV: Avoiding AIDS in Humans and Monkeys
2186:
1870:
1866:
1623:
1578:
256:
247:
231:
4866:
3685:
3611:
3284:
2815:"Parallel germline infiltration of a lentivirus in two Malagasy lemurs"
1566:
223:
196:
3247:
Chimpanzees Do Die From Simian AIDS, Study Finds by Lawrence K. Altman
1550:
Phylogenetic relations between simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs)
4751:
2134:
1976:
high level of virus replication during primary infection (0β180 days)
1862:
312:
195:
that cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of non-human
4782:
3541:
308:
of all RNA retroviruses (RNA viruses which use a DNA intermediate).
2866:"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys"
3787:
2813:
Gilbert, C; Maxfield, DG; Goodman, SM; Feschotte, C (March 2009).
1950:
1735:
290:
286:
239:
235:
204:
71:
49:
SIV virion model obtained with cryo-electron microscopy scanning
4761:
3640:"J&J AIDS Vaccine Helps Protect Monkeys From Virus in Study"
3424:"Local Virus Extinctions following a Host Population Bottleneck"
2245:
2068:
2049:
264:
4853:
4786:
3760:
4311:
2174:
243:
3750:, including links to subspecies and sequence data, from the
2267:"Genetic Diversity of Lentiviruses in Non-Human Primates"
3015:"Simian immunodeficiency virus infection of chimpanzees"
2149:
In 2012, researchers reported that initial infection of
199:. Based on analysis of strains found in four species of
1972:
The similarities of the two types of virus infections:
1839:
Structural proteins (envelope): SU, TM(gag): MA, CA, NC
1796:
Structure and genome of HIV Β§ Genome organization
3662:"Immune clearance of highly pathogenic SIV infection"
2223:
Related viruses also cause disease in other mammals:
1999:
early cytokine production (0β10 days after infection)
1986:
The differences (what happens in nonhuman primates):
4795:
4742:
4713:
4696:
4676:
4659:
4642:
4625:
4608:
4591:
4571:
4541:
4506:
4495:
4484:
4447:
4430:
4410:
4393:
4376:
4365:
4300:
4254:
4234:
4193:
4168:
4143:
4132:
4121:
4100:
4083:
4066:
4055:
4031:
4014:
4003:
3979:
3968:
3957:
3946:
3921:
3886:
3869:
3852:
3827:
3816:
3805:
3638:
2330:"Precursor to H.I.V. Was in Monkeys for Millennia"
1993:stable level of viral replication (180 days-years)
1673:), SIVgsn/SIVmon/SIVmus 1/SIVmus 2 clade, SIVtal (
3249:Chimpanzees Do Die from Simian AIDS, Study Finds
2497:Jasinska AJ, Pandrea I, Apetrei C (2022-01-27).
2585:
2583:
2581:
2409:"The evolution of HIV-1 and the origin of AIDS"
218:from three of these primate species, SIVsmm in
4292:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus
3752:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
2921:
2919:
1968:SIV/HIV infection similarities and differences
3772:
3008:
3006:
2969:King NW, Hunt RD, Letvin NL (December 1983).
8:
2458:"Origin and diversity of human retroviruses"
2193:, transmission from other primates to humans
2177:, the human version of SIV which causes AIDS
1743:and not suffer any harm from the infection.
2596:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
2323:
2321:
1979:high level of CD4+ T-cell loss (0β180 days)
4783:
4503:
4492:
4373:
4140:
4129:
4063:
4011:
3976:
3965:
3954:
3824:
3813:
3779:
3765:
3757:
2328:McNeil Donald G. Jr (September 16, 2010).
1982:restricted role of humoral immune response
207:, which was isolated from the mainland by
40:
29:
3693:
3619:
3549:
3500:
3490:
3449:
3439:
3398:
3346:
3336:
3292:
3223:
3115:
3105:
3063:"HIV precursor in monkeys ancient: study"
3038:
3013:Sharp PM, Shaw GM, Hahn BH (April 2005).
2986:
2899:
2889:
2840:
2830:
2789:
2779:
2738:
2688:Pancino G, Silvestri G, Fowke KR (2012).
2664:
2615:
2532:
2514:
2473:
2432:
2008:establishment of anti-inflammatory milieu
2456:Peeters M, D'Arc M, Delaporte E (2014).
2265:Peeters M, Courgnaud V, Abela B (2001).
2181:Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
2016:
1700:), SIVkcol 2, SIVblc (formerly SIVbcm) (
2257:
2592:"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic"
1848:Accessory proteins: Nef, Vpr, Vpx, Vif
3368:
3366:
3314:
3312:
2201:Other simian exogenous retroviruses:
2183:, a classification which includes SIV
2005:high level of functional immune cells
1738:for at least 32,000 years. Based on
7:
4348:Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
2590:Sharp PM, Hahn BH (September 2011).
4767:Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus
4246:Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus
3720:"HIV origin 'found in wild chimps'"
3069:from the original on March 25, 2013
1454:
1446:
1411:
1348:
1326:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1122:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
988:
943:
935:
844:
836:
828:
821:
730:
722:
714:
598:
590:
582:
519:
474:
466:
373:
365:
357:
349:
341:
334:
327:
3991:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus
3637:Simeon Bennett (January 4, 2012).
1774:positive-sense single-stranded RNA
1557:distinct groups and one subgroup:
25:
4043:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus
2975:The American Journal of Pathology
2574:ICTV database entry: 61.0.6.5.003
2407:Sharp PM, Hahn BH (August 2010).
2002:normal level of immune activation
4314:(human immunodeficiency viruses)
2197:List of zoonotic primate viruses
58:
4318:Simian immunodeficiency viruses
3913:Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus
3898:Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
3065:. CBC News. 17 September 2010.
3031:10.1128/JVI.79.7.3891-3902.2005
4688:Soybean chlorotic mottle virus
4336:Equine infectious anemia virus
1:
4827:Simian immunodeficiency virus
4797:Simian immunodeficiency virus
4772:Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W
4563:Strawberry vein banding virus
4342:Bovine immunodeficiency virus
4324:Feline immunodeficiency virus
4271:Abelson murine leukemia virus
2157:vaccine obligately including
710: grp iii/agm
285:along with the human viruses
182:Simian immunodeficiency virus
171:Simian immunodeficiency virus
34:Simian immunodeficiency virus
18:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
4528:Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
4155:Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
3735:Emerging Infectious Diseases
3338:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003011
2832:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000425
2719:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2645:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1990:lower level of CCR5+ T-cells
298:, which together with genus
4553:Carnation etched ring virus
4220:Simian-T-lymphotropic virus
4185:Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
2608:10.1101/cshperspect.a006841
2203:simian-T-lymphotropic virus
1996:restoration of CD4+ T-cells
1611:): SIVsab, SIVver, SIVgri (
232:crossed the species barrier
4947:
4205:Human T-lymphotropic virus
3492:10.1186/s40168-020-00928-4
2130:University of Pennsylvania
1793:
1728:greater spot-nosed monkeys
1139: (grp vi)
234:into humans, resulting in
4583:Cassava vein mosaic virus
4523:Cacao swollen shoot virus
4180:Mouse mammary tumor virus
3908:Woodchuck hepatitis virus
3574:HIV-1 related information
2516:10.3389/fimmu.2022.835994
2211:gibbon-ape leukemia virus
1955:About 100,000 cells from
1845:Gene regulators: Tat, Rev
1497:
1474:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1430:
1417:
1409:
1368:
1354:
1346:
1332:
1324:
1301:
1279:
1265:
1224:
1202:
1179:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1127:
1120:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1058:
1008:
994:
986:
963:
949:
941:
933:
910:
887:
864:
850:
842:
834:
826:
819:
796:
773:
750:
736:
728:
720:
712:
680:
657:
643:
620:
604:
596:
588:
580:
539:
525:
517:
494:
480:
472:
464:
441:
418:
395:
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
339:
332:
53:
48:
39:
32:
4558:Cauliflower mosaic virus
3208:10.1016/j.it.2008.05.004
2781:10.1186/1742-4690-10-107
1689:), SIVblu (blue monkey)
817: grp iv
578: grp ii
3844:Heron hepatitis B virus
3161:10.1126/science.1123016
3107:10.1073/pnas.0807873105
2948:10.1126/science.3159089
2692:. Elsevier. p. 6.
2503:Frontiers in Immunology
2377:10.1126/science.1193550
1698:black-and-white colobus
1056: grp v
345: grp i
230:, are believed to have
4533:Rubus yellow net virus
4518:Banana streak MY virus
3839:Duck hepatitis B virus
2891:10.1073/pnas.80.9.2718
2731:10.3201/eid0805.010522
2657:10.3201/eid1712.110783
2557:"Taxon Details | ICTV"
2425:10.1098/rstb.2010.0031
1960:
242:respectively, the two
4926:Animal viral diseases
4281:Feline leukemia virus
4266:Murine leukemia virus
4226:Bovine leukemia virus
1954:
1894:reverse transcription
1794:Further information:
1609:African green monkeys
253:modern transportation
27:Species of retrovirus
3792:Reverse transcribing
3441:10.1128/jvi.00671-15
3391:10.1128/JVI.03606-13
3196:Trends in Immunology
2219:simian sarcoma virus
1764:Structure and genome
1732:red-capped mangabeys
1602:stump-tailed macaque
55:Virus classification
3855:Herpetohepadnavirus
3686:10.1038/nature12519
3678:2013Natur.502..100H
3612:10.1038/nature10766
3604:2012Natur.482...89B
3428:Journal of Virology
3379:Journal of Virology
3285:10.1038/nature08200
3277:2009Natur.460..515K
3153:2006Sci...313..462H
3019:Journal of Virology
2940:1985Sci...228.1201D
2934:(4704): 1201β1204.
2882:1983PNAS...80.2718L
2419:(1552): 2487β2494.
2369:2010Sci...329.1487W
1842:Enzymes: RT, PR, IN
1652:Tshuapa red colobus
1640:western red colobus
1588:ii) HIV-2, SIVsmm (
1571:red-capped mangabey
4459:Simian foamy virus
4433:Prosimiispumavirus
4422:Feline foamy virus
4160:Rous sarcoma virus
3748:Description of SIV
2215:simian foamy virus
2161:protein antigens.
1961:
1671:Wolf's mona monkey
1667:Dent's mona monkey
1663:De Brazza's monkey
1648:Kibale red colobus
1598:pig-tailed macaque
1561:i) HIV-1, SIVcpz (
257:global commuterism
191:) is a species of
4903:
4902:
4789:Taxon identifiers
4780:
4779:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4464:Human foamy virus
4368:Spumaretrovirinae
4361:
4360:
4353:Visna-maedi virus
4237:Epsilonretrovirus
4135:Orthoretrovirinae
4117:
4116:
4051:
4050:
3999:
3998:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3903:Hepatitis B virus
3889:Orthohepadnavirus
3672:(7469): 100β104.
3536:(12): 1705β1713.
3434:(16): 8152β8161.
3385:(10): 5687β5705.
3271:(7254): 515β519.
3147:(5786): 462β466.
2699:978-0-12-387715-4
2651:(12): 2277β2286.
2207:simian retrovirus
2123:
2122:
1915:protein synthesis
1679:red-tailed guenon
1675:northern talapoin
1632:sun-tailed monkey
1554:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1485:
1484:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1312:
1311:
1290:
1289:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1213:
1212:
1190:
1189:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1018:
974:
973:
921:
920:
898:
897:
875:
874:
807:
806:
784:
783:
761:
760:
700:
699:
691:
690:
668:
667:
631:
630:
568:
567:
559:
558:
550:
549:
505:
504:
452:
451:
429:
428:
406:
405:
296:orthoretrovirinae
209:rising sea levels
178:
177:
16:(Redirected from
4938:
4921:Primate diseases
4896:
4895:
4883:
4882:
4870:
4869:
4857:
4856:
4844:
4843:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4784:
4504:
4493:
4487:dsDNA-RT viruses
4374:
4286:Koala retrovirus
4141:
4130:
4064:
4012:
3977:
3966:
3960:ssRNA-RT viruses
3955:
3924:Parahepadnavirus
3872:Metahepadnavirus
3825:
3814:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3758:
3722:BBC News article
3708:
3707:
3697:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3642:
3633:
3623:
3583:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3494:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3402:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3227:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3025:(7): 3891β3902.
3010:
3001:
3000:
2990:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2893:
2876:(9): 2718β2722.
2861:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2783:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2619:
2587:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2518:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2436:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2271:
2262:
2145:Vaccine research
2017:
1687:red-eared guenon
1628:L'hoest's monkey
1455:
1447:
1412:
1349:
1327:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1123:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
989:
944:
936:
845:
837:
829:
822:
731:
723:
715:
599:
591:
583:
520:
475:
467:
374:
366:
358:
350:
342:
335:
328:
323:
322:
63:
62:
44:
30:
21:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4891:
4886:
4878:
4873:
4865:
4860:
4852:
4847:
4839:
4834:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4791:
4781:
4776:
4726:
4709:
4692:
4672:
4655:
4638:
4621:
4604:
4587:
4567:
4537:
4468:
4450:Simiispumavirus
4443:
4426:
4406:
4389:
4357:
4330:Puma lentivirus
4296:
4257:Gammaretrovirus
4250:
4230:
4196:Deltaretrovirus
4189:
4164:
4146:Alpharetrovirus
4113:
4096:
4079:
4047:
4027:
3995:
3934:
3917:
3882:
3865:
3848:
3830:Avihepadnavirus
3801:
3797:Revtraviricetes
3785:
3744:
3716:
3714:Further reading
3711:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3636:
3598:(7383): 89β93.
3585:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3567:
3542:10.1038/ng.3980
3530:Nature Genetics
3523:
3522:
3518:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3331:(1): e1003011.
3318:
3317:
3310:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3100:(51): 20362β7.
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2825:(3): e1000425.
2812:
2811:
2807:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2589:
2588:
2579:
2572:
2568:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2171:
2156:
2147:
2114:Sooty mangabey
2084:P. Troglodytes
2015:
1970:
1957:rhesus macaques
1949:
1935:
1901:
1879:
1855:
1798:
1792:
1782:
1766:
1761:
1740:molecular clock
1720:rhesus macaques
1716:
1694:colobus guereza
1636:Preuss's guenon
1617:tantalus monkey
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1486:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1313:
1291:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1214:
1191:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
975:
922:
899:
876:
808:
785:
762:
701:
692:
669:
632:
569:
560:
551:
506:
453:
430:
407:
321:
277:
220:sooty mangabeys
174:
122:Revtraviricetes
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4944:
4942:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4908:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4884:
4871:
4858:
4845:
4832:
4817:
4801:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4501:
4498:Caulimoviridae
4490:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4413:Felispumavirus
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:Equispumavirus
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:Bovispumavirus
4371:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4308:
4306:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4171:Betaretrovirus
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4138:
4127:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4061:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4009:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3974:
3963:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3822:
3819:Hepadnaviridae
3811:
3803:
3802:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3743:
3742:External links
3740:
3739:
3738:
3723:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3578:
3565:
3516:
3465:
3414:
3362:
3325:PLOS Pathogens
3308:
3251:
3239:
3202:(9): 419β428.
3182:
3131:
3080:
3054:
3002:
2981:(3): 382β388.
2961:
2915:
2856:
2805:
2754:
2725:(5): 451β457.
2705:
2698:
2680:
2631:
2602:(1): a006841.
2577:
2566:
2548:
2489:
2448:
2399:
2363:(5998): 1487.
2347:
2335:New York Times
2317:
2290:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2221:
2199:
2194:
2191:Origin of AIDS
2184:
2178:
2170:
2167:
2154:
2151:rhesus monkeys
2146:
2143:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:SIVrcm/SIVgsn
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1948:
1945:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:coding regions
1781:
1778:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1730:) and SIVrcm (
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1696:), SIVkcol 1 (
1683:black mangabey
1655:
1622:iv) SIVmnd 1 (
1620:
1605:
1594:rhesus macaque
1590:sooty mangabey
1586:
1575:agile mangabey
1552:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
977:
976:
972:
971:
968:
967:
962:
958:
957:
954:
953:
948:
942:
940:
934:
932:
928:
927:
924:
923:
919:
918:
915:
914:
909:
905:
904:
901:
900:
896:
895:
892:
891:
886:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
869:
868:
863:
859:
858:
855:
854:
849:
843:
841:
835:
833:
827:
825:
820:
818:
814:
813:
810:
809:
805:
804:
801:
800:
795:
791:
790:
787:
786:
782:
781:
778:
777:
772:
768:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:
755:
754:
749:
745:
744:
741:
740:
735:
729:
727:
721:
719:
713:
711:
707:
706:
703:
702:
698:
697:
694:
693:
689:
688:
685:
684:
679:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
662:
661:
656:
652:
651:
648:
647:
642:
638:
637:
634:
633:
629:
628:
625:
624:
619:
615:
614:
611:
610:
603:
597:
595:
589:
587:
581:
579:
575:
574:
571:
570:
566:
565:
562:
561:
557:
556:
553:
552:
548:
547:
544:
543:
538:
534:
533:
530:
529:
524:
518:
516:
512:
511:
508:
507:
503:
502:
499:
498:
493:
489:
488:
485:
484:
479:
473:
471:
465:
463:
459:
458:
455:
454:
450:
449:
446:
445:
440:
436:
435:
432:
431:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
413:
412:
409:
408:
404:
403:
400:
399:
394:
390:
389:
386:
385:
378:
372:
370:
364:
362:
356:
354:
348:
346:
340:
338:
333:
331:
326:
320:
317:
276:
273:
226:and SIVcpz in
176:
175:
168:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
142:
138:
137:
130:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
110:Artverviricota
106:
102:
101:
94:
90:
89:
82:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4943:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4483:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4058:Pseudoviridae
4054:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3971:Belpaoviridae
3967:
3964:
3961:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3808:Blubervirales
3804:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3653:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3520:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:PLOS Genetics
2816:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2768:Retrovirology
2765:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2303:
2302:
2294:
2291:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2126:Beatrice Hahn
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1702:black colobus
1699:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:Sykes' monkey
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:olive colobus
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:grivet monkey
1610:
1607:iii) SIVagm (
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:), SIVmnd 2 (
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
983:
982:
979:
978:
970:
969:
966:
960:
959:
956:
955:
952:
946:
945:
938:
937:
930:
929:
926:
925:
917:
916:
913:
907:
906:
903:
902:
894:
893:
890:
884:
883:
880:
879:
871:
870:
867:
861:
860:
857:
856:
853:
847:
846:
839:
838:
831:
830:
824:
823:
816:
815:
812:
811:
803:
802:
799:
793:
792:
789:
788:
780:
779:
776:
770:
769:
766:
765:
757:
756:
753:
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
733:
732:
725:
724:
717:
716:
709:
708:
705:
704:
696:
695:
687:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
672:
664:
663:
660:
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:
640:
639:
636:
635:
627:
626:
623:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
601:
600:
593:
592:
585:
584:
577:
576:
573:
572:
564:
563:
555:
554:
546:
545:
542:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
522:
521:
514:
513:
510:
509:
501:
500:
497:
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
477:
476:
469:
468:
461:
460:
457:
456:
448:
447:
444:
438:
437:
434:
433:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
411:
410:
402:
401:
398:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
376:
375:
368:
367:
360:
359:
352:
351:
344:
343:
337:
336:
330:
329:
325:
324:
318:
316:
314:
309:
307:
303:
302:
297:
292:
288:
284:
283:
274:
272:
268:
266:
260:
258:
254:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:
184:
183:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:
31:
19:
4916:Lentiviruses
4796:
4716:Vaccinivirus
4714:
4697:
4677:
4662:Solendovirus
4660:
4645:Ruflodivirus
4643:
4628:Rosadnavirus
4626:
4609:
4592:
4572:
4544:Caulimovirus
4542:
4507:
4496:
4448:
4431:
4411:
4394:
4377:
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4276:Friend virus
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2277:
2274:AIDS Reviews
2273:
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2148:
2139:
2124:
2013:Epidemiology
1985:
1971:
1962:
1947:Pathogenesis
1940:quasispecies
1938:
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1933:Quasispecies
1891:Replication
1856:
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1822:
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1814:
1810:
1806:
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1767:
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1709:
1692:vi) SIVcol (
1583:drill monkey
1555:
1498:
1475:
1461:
1431:
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1369:
1355:
1333:
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381:
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310:
306:retroviridae
304:form family
299:
280:
278:
269:
261:
222:, SIVgor in
213:
205:Bioko Island
187:
186:
181:
180:
179:
170:
169:
157:
146:Retroviridae
145:
134:Ortervirales
133:
121:
109:
98:Pararnavirae
97:
85:
78:
68:(unranked):
33:
4821:Wikispecies
4699:Tungrovirus
4594:Dioscovirus
4574:Cavemovirus
4222:(types 1-4)
4086:Pseudovirus
4006:Metaviridae
3982:Semotivirus
2561:ictv.global
2101:G. gorilla
2081:Chimpanzee
2065:H. sapiens
2046:H. sapiens
1906:integration
1885:Penetration
1877:Replication
1753:monkey-like
1685:), SIVreg (
1681:), SIVbkm (
1677:), SIVasc (
1669:), SIVwol (
1665:), SIVden (
1661:), SIVdeb (
1657:v) SIVsyk (
1650:), SIVtrc (
1646:), SIVkrc (
1642:), SIVolc (
1638:), SIVwrc (
1634:), SIVprg (
1630:), SIVsun (
1626:), SIVlho (
1615:), SIVtan (
1600:), SIVstm (
1596:), SIVmne (
1592:), SIVmac (
1581:), SIVdrl (
1573:), SIVagi (
1569:), SIVrcm (
1565:), SIVgor (
228:chimpanzees
4910:Categories
4744:Endogenous
4679:Soymovirus
4509:Badnavirus
4303:Lentivirus
3485:(1): 154.
3479:Microbiome
2509:: 835994.
2341:2010-09-17
2311:2010-09-19
2284:2020-07-11
2253:References
1928:Maturation
1882:Attachment
1749:lemur-like
1563:chimpanzee
301:Spumavirus
282:Lentivirus
193:retrovirus
158:Lentivirus
4611:Petuvirus
4103:Sirevirus
4069:Hemivirus
4034:Metavirus
3794:viruses (
3645:Bloomberg
3216:1471-4906
2525:1664-3224
1888:Uncoating
1776:genomes.
165:Species:
93:Kingdom:
86:Riboviria
4880:11460794
4867:10617606
4812:Q1890246
4806:Wikidata
3725:Peeters
3704:24025770
3630:22217938
3560:29083404
3511:33158452
3460:26018153
3409:24623416
3357:23349627
3303:19626114
3234:18676179
3177:27673160
3169:16873637
3126:19075221
3067:Archived
3049:15767392
2851:19300488
2800:24139306
2749:11996677
2675:22172157
2626:22229120
2543:35154162
2484:24584106
2443:20643738
2393:37803712
2385:20847261
2209:type D,
2187:Zoonosis
2169:See also
2098:Gorilla
2032:disease
2029:binomial
1918:Assembly
1912:cleavage
1867:APOBEC3G
1790:Proteome
1772:pair of
1759:Virology
1624:mandrill
1579:mandrill
275:Taxonomy
248:bushmeat
224:gorillas
197:primates
141:Family:
105:Phylum:
4931:Simians
4216:, 3, 4)
3695:3849456
3674:Bibcode
3621:3271177
3600:Bibcode
3551:5709169
3502:7648414
3451:4524239
3400:4019088
3348:3547836
3294:2872475
3273:Bibcode
3225:2840226
3149:Bibcode
3141:Science
3117:2603253
3040:1061584
2997:6316791
2988:1916356
2956:3159089
2936:Bibcode
2928:Science
2910:6221343
2878:Bibcode
2842:2651035
2791:4016034
2774:: 107.
2740:2732488
2666:3311211
2617:3234451
2534:8829453
2475:4289907
2434:2935100
2365:Bibcode
2357:Science
2135:Bonobos
2128:of the
2109:SIVsmm
2095:SIVcpz
2092:SIVgor
2075:SIVcpz
2062:humans
2059:SIVsmm
2043:humans
2040:SIVcpz
2023:lineage
1925:Budding
1909:latency
1853:Tropism
1835:vpu/vpx
1801:genes:
1770:dimeric
1714:History
1567:gorilla
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319:Strains
216:strains
201:monkeys
153:Genus:
129:Order:
117:Class:
4854:540001
4757:ERVWE1
4752:ERV-Fc
4338:(EIAV)
4288:(KoRV)
4214:HTLV-2
4209:HTLV-1
3727:et al.
3702:
3692:
3666:Nature
3628:
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3592:Nature
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2280:: 3β10
2241:horses
2237:cattle
2155:SME543
2119:( - )
2104:( - )
2087:SAIDS
2056:HIV-2
2037:HIV-1
2020:strain
1863:capsid
1859:TRIM5Ξ±
1780:Genome
1204:kcol2
1181:kcol1
313:ICTVdB
214:Virus
4893:11723
4875:IRMNG
4841:4XF7K
4344:(BIV)
4332:(PLV)
4326:(FIV)
4320:(SIV)
3788:Virus
3173:S2CID
2389:S2CID
2305:(PDF)
2270:(PDF)
2229:goats
2225:sheep
1736:Bioko
1281:mus1
1129:mus2
912:mnd1
607:HIV-2
496:mnd2
382:HIV-1
291:HIV-2
287:HIV-1
240:HIV-1
236:HIV-2
203:from
79:Realm
72:Virus
4888:NCBI
4862:GBIF
4762:HCP5
3700:PMID
3626:PMID
3556:PMID
3507:PMID
3456:PMID
3405:PMID
3353:PMID
3299:PMID
3230:PMID
3212:ISSN
3165:PMID
3122:PMID
3075:2010
3045:PMID
2993:PMID
2952:PMID
2906:PMID
2847:PMID
2796:PMID
2745:PMID
2694:ISBN
2671:PMID
2622:PMID
2539:PMID
2521:ISSN
2480:PMID
2439:PMID
2381:PMID
2246:SV40
2233:cats
2189:and
2069:AIDS
2050:AIDS
2026:host
1751:and
1499:wol
1476:syk
1462:den
1432:blu
1419:deb
1370:bkm
1356:asc
1334:tal
1303:reg
1267:mon
1226:blc
1167:col
1108:gsn
1010:krc
996:trc
965:olc
951:wrc
889:prg
866:sun
852:lho
798:sab
775:tan
752:ver
738:gri
682:smm
659:stm
645:mne
622:mac
541:agi
527:rcm
482:drl
420:gor
311:The
289:and
265:CCR5
255:and
238:and
4849:EoL
4836:CoL
4312:HIV
3690:PMC
3682:doi
3670:502
3616:PMC
3608:doi
3596:482
3546:PMC
3538:doi
3497:PMC
3487:doi
3446:PMC
3436:doi
3395:PMC
3387:doi
3343:PMC
3333:doi
3289:PMC
3281:doi
3269:460
3220:PMC
3204:doi
3157:doi
3145:313
3112:PMC
3102:doi
3098:105
3035:PMC
3027:doi
2983:PMC
2979:113
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2932:228
2896:PMC
2886:doi
2837:PMC
2827:doi
2786:PMC
2776:doi
2735:PMC
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2604:doi
2529:PMC
2511:doi
2470:PMC
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2421:doi
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2175:HIV
2159:Env
1831:vif
1827:vpr
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1807:gag
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244:HIV
188:SIV
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