624:
597:
640:
663:
162:
623:
512:
5650:
3364:
5660:
3374:
1682:
2244:
38:
3384:
639:
3394:
1420:
543:
The second Ur III ruler, Sulgi (c. 2094–2046 BC) reports defeating/destroying Karaḫar in his year names S24 "Year: Karahar was destroyed", S31 "Year: Karaḫar was defeated for the second time", and in S45 "Year: Šulgi, the strong man, the king of Ur, the king of the four-quarters, smashed the heads of
570:
A seal of
Zardamu, king of Karaḫar from the Ur III period, reads "Zardamu, sun-god of his land; beloved of the god Nergal, his (personal) deity; Annunïtum (is) his mother ... mighty king, king of Karaḫar, and king of the four quarters, spouse of the goddess Estar". Note that this identifies him as
1092:
Meijer, Diederik J. W., "Marginal and
Steppic Areas as Sources for Archaeological Debate: A Case for “Active Symbiosis” of Town and Country", Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space: The Emergence of the Mittani State, edited by Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum, Nicole Brisch and Jesper Eidem, Berlin,
482:
An early
Assyriologist suggested Simurrum was near "Tell 'Ali" which is not far from mouth of the Lower Zab on its left bank and is on the direct line from Assur to Arrapha (Kirkuk), which it is 42 kilometres (26 mi) west of, saying "The region south of Tell 'Ali has never been examined by
403:
During the rule of Su-Sin in the waning years of the Ur III Empire an administrator assigned to build the Mardu Wall reported "When I sent for word (to the area) between the two mountains it was brought to my attention that the Mardu were camped in the mountains. Simurrum had come to their aid.
1195:
Ghobadizadeh, Hamzeh and
Sallaberger, Walther, "Šulgi in the Kuhdasht Plain: Bricks from a Battle Monument at the Crossroads of Western Pish-e Kuh and the Localisation of Kimaš and Ḫurti", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 3-33,
491:, has been suggested as the site of Simurrum. The upper mound has an area of 5.5 hectares. While the site is completely built over now, early satellite photographs indicate that there was a 100 hectare lower town. Second millennium BC pottery is often found during construction.
560:, general of Basime, governor of Sabum and the land of Gutebum, general of Dimat-Enlila, governor of Al-Sü-Sîn, general of Urbillum, governor of Ham(a)zi and Karahar, general of NI.HI, general of Simaski and the land of Karda ...", showing those polities were in the same area.
390:
The Ur III empire was frequently in conflict with the city. A year name of the second ruler, Shulgi, was "Year
Simurrum and Lullubum were destroyed for the ninth time". In one of these conflicts Shulgi captured the ruler of Sumurrum, Tabban-darah, and sent him to exile in
662:
596:
519:
The as yet unlocated city of Karaḫar (also
Qarahar and Harahar) is known mainly from the Ur III period. A number of texts closely link Karaḫar and Simurrum and they are thought to be in the same area. Karaḫar is thought to be between Simurrum and
422:"Zaziya took his children and led them to Zazum of Qutu as hostages (ana yaltiti ... usn). He transported tribute . Zaziya turned him over (ittadinsu) to Zazum of Qutu the king of Simurrum who (once) attended Zazum but had escaped to Zaziya."
494:
A complication is that when a city-state captured large numbers of soldiers etc. they were sometimes placed in rural settlements named after their origin, a practice that continued into Neo-Babylonian times. There were settlements near
395:. Sillus-Dagan is known to have been a governor of Simurrum under Ur III at the time of ruler Amar-Sin. It has been suggested that he was an Amorite. Four texts from Drehem with seals mentioning him have been found, including:
1228:
Al-Mutawalli, Nawala, Sallaberger, Walther and
Shalkham, Ali Ubeid, "The Cuneiform Documents from the Iraqi Excavation at Drehem", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 151-217,
1327:
Steinkeller, Piotr, "The Divine Rulers of Akkade and Ur: Toward a
Definition of the Deification of Kings in Babylonia", History, Texts and Art in Early Babylonia: Three Essays, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 107-157,
486:
The site of Qala
Shirwana, a large mound 30 metres (98 ft) tall with an additional 10-metre (33 ft) citadel at the top in the southern basin of the Diyala river, on its west bank, near the modern town of
4152:
544:
Urbilum, Simurrum, Lullubum and
Karahar in a single campaign". Two ensis (governors) of Karaḫar under the Ur III empire are known, Ea-rabi and Arad-Nanna. During the reign the fourth ruler of the Ur III dynasty
1152:
Ismail, Bahijah Kh., "Informationen iiber Tontafeln aus Tell-Ali", in H. Klengel (ed.), Gesellschaft und Kultu im alten Vorderasien, Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des alten Orients 15, Berlin, 1982
1174:
Glatz, Claudia, and Jesse Casana, "Of highland-lowland borderlands: Local societies and foreign power in the Zagros-Mesopotamian interface", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 44, pp. 127-147, 2016
4142:
2626:
1339:
Földi, Zsombor J., "Gleanings from the Antiquities Market: A Contribution to the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions", Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin 2013.3, 2013
1074:
Owen, David I., and S. Graziani, "The royal gift seal of Ṣilluš-Dagan, Governor of Simurrum." Studi sul Vicino Oriente antico dedicati alla memoria di Luigi Cagni 61, pp.815-846, 2000
1462:
1163:
Casana, Jesse, and Claudia Glatz, "The land behind the land behind Baghdad: archaeological landscapes of the upper Diyala (Sirwan) river valley", Iraq, vol. 79, pp. 47–69, 2017
2655:
364:
to revolt. Amnili, general of ... made the land ... Erridu-pizir, the mighty, king of Gutium and of the four quarters hastened him... In a single day he captured the pass of
4164:
5311:
2925:
5417:
2539:
4831:
4822:
4566:
4078:
4063:
648:, relief I. Beardless warrior with axe, trampling a foe. Sundisk above. A name "Zaba(zuna), son of ..." can be read. He is usually considered as a ruler of the
891:
Seidl, U., Das Relief, in A. Shaffer and N. Wasserman, Iddi(n)-Sin, King of Simurrum: A New Rock Relief Inscription and a Reverential Seal, ZA 93, 39-52, 2003
483:
archaeologists, but seems to contain numerous ruined towns and canals". Twenty five cuneiform tablets from the Middle Assyrian period were found at the site.
4354:
1260:
Owen, David I., "Transliterations, Translations, and Brief Comments", The Nesbit Tablets, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 13-110, 2016
1271:
Pitts, Audrey, "The Cult of the Deified King in Ur III Mesopotamia", Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, 2015
4132:
2050:
4500:
4016:
629:
Stela of Iddi-Sin, King of Simurrum. It dates back to the Old-Babylonian Period. From Qarachatan Village, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan. The
329:
was recorded as "the Year when Naram-Sin was victorious against Simurrum in Kirasheniwe and took prisoner Baba the governor of Simurrum, and Dubul the
2543:
563:
A Tiš-atal (also Tish-atal/Tehes-atal/Diš-atal/Ankiš-atal) is recorded as ruling Karaḫar toward the end of the Ur III empire. A Tish-atal also ruled
2915:
2106:
1455:
1219:
Maekawa, Kazuya, "Agricultural Production of the Girsu-Lagaš Institution at Susa During the Ur III Period", Susa and Elam II. Brill, pp. 48-80, 2023
4051:
1667:
771:
Frayne, D.R., "On the location of Simurrum" in Crossing Boundaries and Linking Horizons: Studies in Honor of Michael C. Astour, pp. 243-269, 1997
4676:
4527:
4290:
5022:
4852:
4797:
4666:
4532:
3430:
2231:
1023:
978:
2667:
4184:
4174:
2574:
1123:
Sasson, Jack M., "Scruples: Extradition in the Mari Archives", Wiener Zeitschrift Für Die Kunde Des Morgenlandes, vol. 97, pp. 453–73, 2007
2569:
782:
George, A., "The Sanctuary of Adad at Zabban? A Fragment of a Temple List in Three Sub-columns", BiOr. 65, pp. 714–717, 2008
1300:
Lambert, W. G., "Near Eastern Seals in the Gulbenkian Museum of Oriental Art, University of Durham", Iraq, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 1–45, 1979
668:
Outline of relief I (extracted). Beardless warrior with axe, trampling a foe. Sundisk above. A name "Zaba(zuna), son of ..." can be read.
5382:
5332:
5058:
4592:
1797:
1448:
1143:
Ismail, Bahijah Kh., and J. Nicholas Postgate, "A Middle Assyrian Flock-Master's Archive from Tell Ali", Iraq, vol. 70, pp. 147–78, 2008
1083:
Collon, Dominique, "The Life and Times of TEḪEŠ-ATAL", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 129–36, 1990
2559:
2524:
4607:
4596:
4541:
4489:
4344:
4147:
2920:
2836:
1309:
Dalley, Stephanie, "Old Babylonian Tablets from Nineveh; And Possible Pieces of Early Gilgamesh Epic", Iraq, vol. 63, pp. 155–67, 2001
1134:
Albright, W. F., "Notes on the Topography of Ancient Mesopotamia", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 46, pp. 220–30, 1926
1524:
5037:
4981:
4961:
4777:
4752:
4648:
4572:
4474:
4104:
3946:
2964:
1399:
1372:
921:
853:
806:
753:
2633:
2621:
1065:
Finkelstein, J. J., "Subartu and Subarians in Old Babylonian Sources", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 1955
5502:
5068:
3052:
3037:
2188:
4122:
2648:
1183:
Steinkeller, Piotr, "Corvée labor in Ur III times", From the 21st Century BC to the 21st Century AD 10 (2013), pp. 327-424, 2018
5012:
4552:
4388:
4383:
3749:
2910:
2896:
2298:
679:
5250:
4189:
4179:
4159:
2514:
1291:
Collon, Dominique, "The life and times of teḫeš-atal", Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 84.2, pp. 129-136, 1990
578:
A carnelian cylinder seal appeared on the antiquities market reading "Keleš-atal, king of Karaḫar: Balalatum (is your) wife."
5617:
5442:
5322:
5306:
4792:
4727:
4628:
4577:
4349:
4300:
4285:
3951:
3610:
2101:
2085:
4021:
3961:
2209:
552:
was a Arad-Nanna though it is not known if that was the same person. Also in the Ur III period a Arad-Nanna was a ruler of
5476:
4917:
4900:
4807:
4782:
4638:
4546:
4536:
2127:
161:
5246:
3387:
2660:
1348:
Guichard, M., "Guerre et diplomatie: lettres d’Iluni roi d’Ešnunna d’une collection privée", Semitica 58, pp. 17–59, 2016
5684:
5480:
5316:
5032:
4772:
4762:
4510:
4366:
3966:
2137:
1872:
337:. An Old Babylonian letter also associates Simurrum with Eshnunna. This suggests Simurrum was in the area of that city.
2638:
1251:
Lafont, Bertrand, "The Army of the Kings of Ur: The Textual Evidence", Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2009 (5), 2009
5271:
5265:
5216:
5027:
4857:
4736:
4361:
3209:
2974:
2937:
2869:
2193:
2075:
2070:
2005:
37:
2554:
183:
city states in the northeastern portion of Mesopotamian area. They were often in conflict with the rulers of Ur III.
5486:
4947:
4812:
4280:
4058:
3956:
3062:
3042:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2564:
2333:
2198:
1807:
1681:
1105:
Frayne, Douglas, "Šū-Sîn", in Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC), Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 285-360, 1997
418:
In order to make peace with a fellow ruler Turukki leader Zaziya (Ur III period) handed over a ruler of Simurrum:
5590:
5181:
4951:
4732:
4658:
4520:
4495:
4418:
4169:
4068:
4011:
3423:
3014:
2859:
2429:
2224:
1882:
1697:
5301:
5091:
4971:
4922:
4894:
4757:
4295:
4209:
3938:
3101:
3072:
2716:
1837:
1479:
1056:
Cohen, Mark E., "A New Naram-Sin Date Formula.", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 227–32, 1986
224:
Several inscriptions suggest that Simurrum was quite powerful, and shed some light on the conflicts around the
142:
3487:
1210:
Frayne, Douglas, "Šulgi", Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC), Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 91-234, 1997
5532:
5506:
5497:
5367:
5327:
4931:
4867:
4827:
4562:
4413:
4270:
4229:
3329:
3077:
2741:
2474:
2147:
2080:
1974:
1827:
1745:
1740:
345:
4127:
5622:
5261:
5002:
4957:
4871:
4681:
4643:
4371:
3032:
2891:
2761:
2736:
2606:
2358:
2178:
2030:
1789:
1280:
399:"Sillus-Dagan, governor of Simurrum: Ilak-süqir, son of Alu, the chief administrator,(is) your servant."
4910:
4862:
4837:
4557:
4305:
4083:
4001:
3618:
3575:
3136:
3004:
2616:
2489:
2468:
2388:
2348:
1847:
1240:
Hallo, William W., "Simurrum and the Hurrian frontier", Revue hittite et asianique 36.1, pp. 71-83, 1978
684:
229:
2055:
438:
Ka-Nisba of Simurrum, instigated Simurrum and Lullubi to revolt against the Gutian ruler Erridu-Pizir.
404:(Therefore) I proceeded to (the area) "between" the mountain range(s) of Ebih in order to do battle".
5461:
5363:
5256:
5196:
5171:
5150:
5130:
5103:
4905:
4847:
4742:
4505:
4470:
4234:
3416:
3231:
3113:
3047:
3009:
2905:
2831:
2826:
2751:
2599:
2217:
2065:
2025:
1504:
1424:
936:
Fouadi, A. H. A., Inscriptions and Reliefs from Bitwata.", Sumer, vol. 34, no. 1-2, pp. 122–29, 1978
5201:
4890:
4623:
4515:
4114:
4109:
4073:
4006:
3855:
3543:
3173:
3131:
3057:
2932:
2854:
2383:
2353:
2338:
2152:
2060:
2035:
1842:
1817:
1430:
630:
5659:
3373:
511:
5565:
5527:
5472:
5467:
5372:
5287:
4927:
4787:
4747:
4587:
4582:
4480:
4465:
4224:
4026:
3847:
3816:
3709:
3466:
3304:
3299:
3284:
3246:
3221:
3158:
3019:
2954:
2589:
2398:
2313:
2142:
2111:
2010:
1857:
1774:
1114:
Jacobsen, Thorkild., "The Reign of Ibbī-Suen.". Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, 1953
572:
326:
145:
period. It is thought that in Old Babylonian times its name was Zabban, a notable cult center of
4096:
2579:
1282:
Khwshnaw, Ardalan, "A New Light on the Hamazi Kingdom", Twejer Journal 5.3, pp. 1315-1340, 2022
1238:
821:
5575:
5492:
5398:
5388:
5297:
5206:
5191:
5186:
5155:
5145:
5135:
5125:
5112:
4967:
4671:
4485:
4423:
4398:
4378:
4328:
4248:
3725:
3717:
3642:
3594:
3324:
3289:
3126:
3067:
2969:
2879:
2849:
2844:
2711:
2706:
2690:
2519:
2439:
2434:
2343:
2132:
1989:
1984:
1969:
1904:
1822:
1779:
1499:
1494:
1395:
1389:
1368:
1362:
1019:
1013:
974:
917:
911:
849:
843:
802:
796:
749:
556:. Also during the reign of Shu-Sin, a Ir-Nanna is recorded as being "... military governor of
199:
118:
52:
3397:
968:
743:
5546:
5537:
5447:
5437:
5393:
5233:
5221:
5175:
5120:
4937:
4802:
4633:
4602:
4447:
4428:
4137:
3757:
3216:
3151:
3141:
2815:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2726:
2701:
2045:
2040:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1725:
1582:
1567:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1519:
5580:
5517:
5452:
5427:
5412:
5351:
5140:
4992:
4882:
4704:
4403:
4339:
4243:
4091:
3993:
3765:
3741:
3677:
3658:
3650:
3626:
3511:
3453:
3314:
3279:
3168:
3163:
3082:
2993:
2731:
2584:
2496:
2484:
2408:
2403:
2393:
2328:
2303:
2288:
2275:
2263:
1979:
1954:
1949:
1929:
1877:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1832:
1802:
1754:
1750:
1720:
823:
Hallo W.W., Simurrum and the Hurrian Frontier, Revue Hittite et Asianique, pp. 71-81, 1978
341:
322:
269:
265:
134:
540:, in the Zagros mountain foothills. It is known to have been a major producer of sesame.
221:). Another king, mentioned in The Great Revolt against Narām-Sîn, was Pu-ut-ti-ma-da-al.
206:
and his son Zabazuna. Various inscriptions suggest that they were contemporary with king
1337:
1249:
5422:
4942:
4767:
4255:
4219:
3882:
3800:
3733:
3559:
3294:
3269:
2549:
2479:
1959:
645:
249:
1318:
Sollberger, Edmond, "Two New Seal-Inscriptions", Anatolian Studies 30, pp. 63-65, 1980
900:
J. G. Westenholz, "Legends of the Kings of Akkade", Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1997
5678:
5653:
5557:
5542:
5512:
5457:
5337:
5292:
5241:
5211:
3914:
3808:
3773:
3495:
3367:
3319:
3309:
3274:
3226:
3203:
3178:
3146:
2942:
2771:
2766:
2643:
2444:
2293:
1759:
1607:
1514:
1039:
994:
946:
871:"Iddi(n)-Sîn, King of Simurrum: A New Rock-Relief Inscription and a Reverential Seal"
710:"Iddi(n)-Sîn, King of Simurrum: A New Rock-Relief Inscription and a Reverential Seal"
614:
237:
1435:
5585:
5570:
5522:
5431:
4976:
4842:
4265:
4214:
3922:
3906:
3890:
3832:
3193:
2959:
2756:
2464:
2459:
2449:
2283:
1764:
1577:
1509:
537:
533:
476:
472:
130:
970:
The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State
780:
5663:
5627:
5378:
5063:
4986:
4817:
3377:
3339:
3188:
3024:
2949:
2746:
2308:
2183:
2173:
1964:
1896:
1769:
1657:
1471:
1172:
1161:
488:
353:
306:
548:(c. 2037–2028 BC) it is known that the military governor of the nearby city of
5017:
4408:
3930:
3898:
3824:
3792:
3602:
2454:
1715:
1710:
1132:
557:
207:
1269:
3863:
3840:
3634:
3567:
3535:
3264:
3236:
3183:
2721:
2413:
2373:
2020:
1705:
1592:
1529:
653:
603:
457:
203:
165:
1419:
407:
Military struggles continues up to the time of the final ruler of Ur III,
5053:
4393:
4275:
3527:
2781:
2611:
2594:
2363:
2157:
1735:
1730:
1622:
1617:
1572:
582:
521:
408:
334:
581:
In the Old Babylonian period texts linked Karaḫar administratively with
5596:
3519:
3241:
3198:
2378:
2323:
1914:
1642:
1632:
1597:
1587:
649:
606:
of the Kingdom of Simurrum, holding an axe and a bow, trampling a foe (
549:
545:
529:
379:
365:
361:
349:
233:
180:
150:
1440:
431:
The petty kings and governors of the kinglet or province of Simurrum.
5402:
4722:
4143:
International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
3551:
3121:
2776:
1662:
1612:
1534:
564:
553:
525:
500:
412:
392:
225:
138:
870:
709:
16:
City state of the Mesopotamian area from around 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE
4260:
3334:
2318:
2015:
1652:
1647:
1627:
1012:Álvarez-Mon, Javier; Basello, Gian Pietro; Wicks, Yasmina (2018).
510:
496:
411:. Simurrum seems to have become independent after the collapse of
360:
Ka-Nisba, king of Simurrum, instigated the people of Simurrum and
241:
187:
168:, King of Simurrum, armed with a bow and an axe, trampling a foe (
160:
4040:
3503:
3439:
2529:
2506:
2249:
2243:
1602:
298:
273:
253:
245:
146:
133:
area from around 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE, during the period of the
106:
5089:
4702:
4445:
4326:
3451:
3412:
3099:
2991:
2813:
2688:
2261:
2213:
1444:
3408:
652:, but he could be a ruler of the Kingdom of Simurrum, son of
875:
Zeitschrift für Assyrologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
714:
Zeitschrift für Assyrologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
567:
in that period but is not known if it was the same person.
571:
being deified and is in the style of major rulers such as
179:
The Simurrum Kingdom seems to have been part of a belt of
5018:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
141:. The Simurrum Kingdom disappears from records after the
333:(ruler) of Arame". Arame is known to be associated with
689:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
378:
At one point, Simurrum may have become a vassal of the
240:) of the Simurrum have been identified at Bitwata near
1431:
Ancient History.The Secret History of Iddi-Sin's Stela
276:, Mari, Simurrum, and Uru'a (an Elamite city-state):
352:
and the Simurrums rebelled against the Gutian ruler
236:
Kingdom. Four inscriptions and a relief (now in the
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102:
88:
78:
66:
58:
47:
21:
748:. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. p. 24.
848:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 707–716.
264:The Simurrun were regularly in conflict with the
585:which lies in the area thought to hold Karaḫar.
368:at Mount Mummum. Further, he captured Nirishuha.
4079:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
420:
397:
358:
278:
4165:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
4064:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
687: – Rock relief from the Isin-Larsa period
471:It has been proposed that the city was on the
149:. It was neighbor and sometimes ally with the
3947:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
3424:
2225:
1456:
1356:
1354:
1206:
1204:
1202:
973:. Cambridge University Press. p. 92-93.
42:Territory of Simurrum in the Mesopotamia area
8:
5023:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
503:named Lullubu(na) and Šimurrum for example.
442:Ur III Period - Early Bronze IVB - Province
4133:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
2051:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
1101:
1099:
798:Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC
5356:
5108:
5099:
5086:
4712:
4699:
4639:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
4501:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
4455:
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4017:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
3983:
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1693:
1484:
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1441:
881:(1). Zeitschrift für Assyoriologie: 32–35.
356:, according to the latter's inscriptions:
268:. The names of four years of the reign of
36:
18:
4148:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
2540:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
720:(1). Zeitschrift für Assyoriologie: 7–12.
3967:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
2364:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
1391:Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology
1364:Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology
913:Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology
767:
765:
453:Kingdom - Middle Bronze I - Independent
4753:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
700:
592:
4291:History of democracy in classical Iran
962:
960:
790:
788:
5013:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
4798:Iran and the World Trade Organization
1093:Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 163-178, 2014
845:Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BCE)
745:The Shemshāra Archives 1: The Letters
449:Sillus-Dagan under Amar-Sin of Ur III
321:One unknown year during the reign of
282:Year in which Sargon went to Simurrum
228:area, another such example being the
129:) was an important city state of the
87:
77:
73:
31:3rd millennium BCE–2nd millennium BCE
7:
4185:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
4175:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
3393:
3335:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
373:Inscription R2:226-7 of Erridupizir.
287:Year in which Sargon destroyed Uru'a
5418:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
5059:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
5033:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
4832:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
4567:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
3383:
446:Tabban-darah under Shulgi of Ur III
3957:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
434:Akkadian Period, Early Bronze IVA
316:Known regnal year names of Sargon.
14:
5028:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
4649:Supreme National Security Council
4475:Persian Constitutional Revolution
4105:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
4012:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
4002:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
292:Year in which Uru'a was destroyed
202:) of Simurrum are known, such as
5658:
5649:
5648:
4624:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
3392:
3382:
3372:
3363:
3362:
2668:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
2242:
2189:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
1680:
1418:
1394:. SUNY Press. pp. 123–124.
1367:. SUNY Press. pp. 123–124.
661:
638:
622:
595:
4823:Military equipment manufactured
4389:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
4153:United States withdrawal (2018)
4074:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
3147:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
2570:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
2560:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
2299:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
801:. Routledge. pp. 115–116.
680:Cities of the ancient Near East
297:Year in which Sargon destroyed
272:describe his campaigns against
5383:modern / contemporary
4629:Expediency Discernment Council
3952:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
3941:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
2430:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
1746:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
1741:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
1:
4597:state-sponsorship allegations
2128:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
1525:Tigris–Euphrates river system
607:
211:
169:
5054:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
4355:twin towns and sister cities
3661:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
3538:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
3514:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
2926:in ISIL-controlled territory
795:Hamblin, William J. (2006).
5333:Water supply and sanitation
5064:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
4123:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
3498:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
2837:Council of Representatives
2575:Weapons of mass destruction
2194:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
2076:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
2071:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
916:. SUNY Press. p. 120.
5701:
4813:Economy of the Middle East
4190:2021–2022 Iranian protests
4180:2019–2020 Iranian protests
4160:2017–2018 Iranian protests
3621:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
2565:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
2199:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
1388:Osborne, James F. (2014).
1361:Osborne, James F. (2014).
1018:. Routledge. p. 247.
910:Osborne, James F. (2014).
122:
5644:
5359:
5098:
5085:
5038:National Development Fund
4958:Telecommunications and IT
4952:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
4778:Foreign direct investment
4723:Bonyad (charitable trust)
4711:
4698:
4454:
4441:
4335:
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4069:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
4059:Interim Government (1979)
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3000:
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462:Zabazuna, son of Iddi-Sin
98:
74:
35:
30:
4788:International oil bourse
4553:Ministry of Intelligence
4138:Syrian civil war (2011–)
3962:1921 Persian coup d'état
2916:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
2827:Administrative divisions
842:Frayne, Douglas (1990).
515:Cylinder seal of Zardamu
5312:scientists and scholars
4818:Milad Tower and complex
4608:Women's rights movement
4603:White Revolution (1963)
4271:Peoples of the Caucasus
3613:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
3506:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
2475:Mandate for Mesopotamia
2349:First Babylonian Empire
1436:Seal of Zardamu at CDLI
869:Shaffer, Aaron (2003).
708:Shaffer, Aaron (2003).
5623:Anti-Iranian sentiment
5618:Science and technology
5443:Intellectual movements
5323:International rankings
5307:Intellectual movements
4793:International rankings
4286:Heads of state of Iran
4092:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
3653:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
3490:culture (3400–2000 BC)
2634:Insurgency (2011–2013)
2555:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
2359:Middle Assyrian Empire
2031:Babylonian mathematics
995:"Year Names of Sargon"
742:Eidem, Jesper (2001).
516:
424:
401:
376:
319:
176:
90:• Disestablished
4911:Shetab Banking System
4901:Banking and insurance
4863:Tehran Stock Exchange
4783:Intellectual property
4128:PJAK conflict (2004–)
3901:Turcomans (1378–1508)
3893:Turcomans (1374–1468)
3842:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
3645:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
2921:in post-invasion Iraq
2627:U.S. troop withdrawal
2389:Neo-Babylonian Empire
967:Potts, D. T. (2016).
685:Anobanini rock relief
536:, a tributary of the
514:
475:(which begins as the
230:Anubanini rock relief
164:
48:Common languages
4872:Technology start-ups
4773:Environmental issues
4763:Economic Reform Plan
4677:Provincial governors
4367:Environmental issues
4115:Iran Air Flight 655
3856:Jalayirid Sultanate
3728:Caliphate (750–1258)
3570:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
2870:Council of Ministers
2752:Mesopotamian Marshes
2026:Babylonian astronomy
1505:Mesopotamian Marshes
1427:at Wikimedia Commons
5685:Ancient Mesopotamia
5272:Freedom of religion
4858:Supreme Audit Court
4737:Automotive industry
4384:Iranian Balochistan
4110:1987 Mecca incident
4007:Iran crisis of 1946
3996:dynasty (1925–1979)
3925:Dynasty (1751–1794)
3866:dynasty (1338–1357)
3858:dynasty (1335–1432)
3850:dynasty (1314–1393)
3835:dynasty (1244–1381)
3819:dynasty (1077–1231)
3803:dynasty (1011–1215)
3720:Caliphate (661–750)
3712:Caliphate (632–661)
3680:Empire (AD 224–651)
3597:Empire (550–330 BC)
3578:Empire (626–539 BC)
3562:Empire (678–549 BC)
3546:Empire (911–609 BC)
3132:Mesopotamian Arabic
2938:Freedom of religion
2384:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2354:Old Assyrian Period
2339:Neo-Sumerian Empire
2107:Destruction by ISIL
2061:Sumerian literature
2036:Akkadian literature
1472:Ancient Mesopotamia
631:Sulaymaniyah Museum
80:• Established
23:Kingdom of Simurrum
5403:Persian New Year (
4808:Main economic laws
4379:Iranian Azerbaijan
4281:Monarchs of Persia
4225:Persianate society
3933:Empire (1789–1925)
3917:Empire (1736–1796)
3909:Empire (1501–1736)
3885:Empire (1370–1507)
3811:Empire (1037–1194)
3776:dynasty (934–1062)
3768:dynasty (931–1090)
3760:dynasty (861–1003)
3629:Empire (312–63 BC)
3530:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
3063:Telecommunications
3038:Foreign Investment
2975:Wars and conflicts
2911:in pre-Saddam Iraq
2875:Presidency Council
2661:2019–2021 protests
2590:Invasion of Kuwait
2414:Sassanid Asorestan
2409:Parthian Babylonia
2404:Seleucid Babylonia
2399:Achaemenid Assyria
2314:Jemdet Nasr period
2143:Mesopotamian myths
573:Naram-Sin of Akkad
532:, possibly on the
517:
427:Rulers of Simurrum
327:Naram-Sin of Akkad
177:
94:2nd millennium BCE
84:3rd millennium BCE
5672:
5671:
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5182:Ethnic minorities
5156:Iranian languages
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4689:
4573:Political parties
4511:Children's rights
4496:Foreign relations
4490:2009 presidential
4437:
4436:
4399:Iranian Kurdistan
4318:
4317:
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4198:
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4170:COVID-19 pandemic
4029:Revolution (1979)
3975:
3974:
3795:Empire (977–1186)
3752:dynasty (864–928)
3744:dynasty (821–873)
3736:dynasty (819–999)
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3605:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
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3340:Mandaean New Year
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2965:Political parties
2860:Foreign relations
2805:
2804:
2712:Lower Mesopotamia
2707:Upper Mesopotamia
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2675:
2440:Abbasid Caliphate
2435:Umayyad Caliphate
2344:Isin-Larsa period
2207:
2206:
2158:Ziggurat (Temple)
2133:Sumerian religion
1891:
1890:
1838:Middle Babylonian
1780:Kish civilization
1676:
1675:
1500:Lower Mesopotamia
1495:Upper Mesopotamia
1423:Media related to
1044:cdli-gh.github.io
1025:978-1-317-32983-1
1015:The Elamite World
980:978-1-107-09469-7
951:cdli-gh.github.io
112:
111:
5692:
5662:
5652:
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5503:National symbols
5357:
5172:Iranian citizens
5109:
5100:
5087:
5069:Research centers
4758:Economic history
4713:
4700:
4634:Guardian Council
4456:
4443:
4324:
4301:Electric history
4296:Military history
4210:Ancient Persians
4118:
4117:shootdown (1988)
4100:
4087:
4084:Iranian Embassy
4054:
4043:
4041:Islamic Republic
4030:
4022:1953 coup d'état
3997:
3984:
3942:
3939:Khanates of the
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
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3499:
3491:
3478:
3462:
3449:
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3396:
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3386:
3385:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3110:
3097:
3028:
2989:
2840:
2811:
2797:Sinjar Mountains
2787:Zagros Mountains
2727:Hamrin Mountains
2686:
2649:Mosul liberation
2622:Iraqi insurgency
2544:National Command
2533:
2369:Simurrum culture
2272:
2259:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2056:Sumerian cuisine
2046:Warfare in Sumer
2041:Economy of Sumer
1694:
1684:
1568:Fertile Crescent
1552:Sinjar Mountains
1547:Hamrin Mountains
1542:Zagros Mountains
1520:Taurus Mountains
1485:
1465:
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1379:
1378:
1358:
1349:
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1211:
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1184:
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1103:
1094:
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1081:
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1066:
1063:
1057:
1054:
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1047:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1009:
1003:
1002:
991:
985:
984:
964:
955:
954:
943:
937:
934:
928:
927:
907:
901:
898:
892:
889:
883:
882:
866:
860:
859:
839:
824:
819:
813:
812:
792:
783:
778:
772:
769:
760:
759:
739:
722:
721:
705:
690:
665:
642:
626:
612:
609:
599:
374:
317:
220:
216:
213:
174:
171:
124:
40:
19:
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5694:
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5690:
5689:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5632:
5602:
5581:Rap and hip-hop
5552:
5533:Public holidays
5518:Persian gardens
5507:Imperial Anthem
5498:National Jewels
5453:Iranian studies
5342:
5276:
5228:
5160:
5121:Persian (Farsi)
5094:
5073:
5042:
5004:
4997:
4932:Pharmaceuticals
4877:
4868:Venture capital
4843:Rial (currency)
4828:Nuclear program
4707:
4686:
4653:
4612:
4563:Nuclear program
4528:Judicial system
4450:
4433:
4404:Iranian plateau
4331:
4310:
4194:
4116:
4098:
4085:
4053:History (1979–)
4052:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4028:
3995:
3971:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3871:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3781:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3695:
3685:
3679:
3666:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3583:
3577:
3576:Neo-Babylonian
3569:
3561:
3554:(860 BC–590 BC)
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3522:(c.2300–675 BC)
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3469:
3456:
3443:
3437:
3407:
3402:
3346:
3330:Public holidays
3253:
3104:
3087:
3026:
2996:
2979:
2838:
2818:
2801:
2732:Iraqi Kurdistan
2722:Euphrates river
2693:
2672:
2639:War (2014–2017)
2585:Operation Opera
2531:
2501:
2497:Arab Federation
2485:Kingdom of Iraq
2418:
2394:Fall of Babylon
2329:Akkadian Empire
2304:Samarra culture
2289:Hassuna culture
2266:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2208:
2203:
2162:
2116:
2090:
1999:Culture/society
1994:
1887:
1883:Muslim conquest
1853:Fall of Babylon
1784:
1685:
1672:
1556:
1474:
1469:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1375:
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1322:
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863:
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756:
741:
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725:
707:
706:
702:
697:
688:
676:
669:
666:
657:
643:
634:
627:
618:
611: 2000 BCE
610:
600:
591:
509:
469:
429:
388:
375:
372:
342:Akkadian Empire
323:Akkadian Empire
318:
315:
270:Sargon of Akkad
266:Akkadian Empire
262:
260:Akkadian Period
248:, and one from
219: 1920 BCE
218:
214:
186:Several Kings (
173: 2000 BCE
172:
159:
151:Lullubi kingdom
135:Akkadian Empire
91:
81:
51:
43:
26:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5698:
5696:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5656:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5484:
5470:
5465:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5376:
5370:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5295:
5290:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5254:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5179:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5106:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4965:
4955:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4898:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4682:Supreme Leader
4679:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:Local councils
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4539:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4521:Women's rights
4518:
4513:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4372:Climate change
4364:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:Jiroft culture
4253:
4252:
4251:
4244:Iranic peoples
4241:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4220:Persianization
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4094:
4089:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4048:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3990:
3988:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3827:(1135/36-1225)
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3637:(c.295–220 BC)
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3496:Proto-Elamite
3493:
3484:
3482:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Transportation
3065:
3060:
3058:Stock Exchange
3055:
3053:Reconstruction
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3033:Infrastructure
3030:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2892:Prime Minister
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2872:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2600:1991 uprisings
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:Saddam Hussein
2547:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2480:Mandatory Iraq
2477:
2472:
2469:Mamluk dynasty
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Gutian dynasty
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2255:
2254:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Assyriologists
2176:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2086:List of rulers
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Proto-Armenian
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Middle Persian
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:Neo-Babylonian
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Old Babylonian
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:Early Dynastic
1794:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1414:
1413:External links
1411:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1380:
1373:
1350:
1341:
1330:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1221:
1212:
1198:
1185:
1176:
1165:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1095:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1031:
1024:
1004:
986:
979:
956:
938:
929:
922:
902:
893:
884:
861:
854:
825:
814:
807:
784:
773:
761:
754:
723:
699:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
682:
675:
672:
671:
670:
667:
660:
658:
646:Sarpol-e Zahab
644:
637:
635:
628:
621:
619:
601:
594:
590:
587:
508:
505:
468:
465:
464:
463:
460:
451:
450:
447:
440:
439:
428:
425:
387:
384:
370:
313:
312:
311:
305:Year in which
302:
294:
289:
284:
261:
258:
250:Sarpol-e Zahab
232:of the nearby
190:, pronounced
158:
155:
143:Old Babylonian
127:Si-mu-ur-ri-im
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
67:Historical era
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5697:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5655:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5477:news agencies
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5084:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:Privatization
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4307:
4306:Years in Iran
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4230:Turco-Persian
4228:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
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50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
20:
5611:Other topics
5595:
5523:Persian name
5462:Islamization
5404:
5364:Architecture
5317:universities
5262:Zoroastrians
5257:Christianity
5247:Baháʼí Faith
5197:Azerbaijanis
5104:Demographics
4918:Construction
4906:Central Bank
4848:Space Agency
4743:Child labour
4578:Principlists
4558:Cyberwarfare
4506:Human rights
4471:Constitution
4266:Azerbaijanis
4235:Indo-Persian
4215:Greater Iran
4086:siege (1980)
4045:1979–present
3696:early modern
3694:Medieval and
3488:Kura-Araxes
3232:Christianity
3114:Demographics
3048:Oil reserves
3043:Oil Industry
3010:Central Bank
2906:Human rights
2832:Constitution
2777:Tigris river
2757:Persian Gulf
2465:Ottoman Iraq
2450:Qara Qoyunlu
2368:
2284:Ubaid period
2081:Royal titles
2006:Architecture
1843:Neo-Assyrian
1812:
1690:(Pre)history
1637:
1510:Persian Gulf
1390:
1383:
1363:
1344:
1333:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1276:
1265:
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1234:
1224:
1215:
1179:
1168:
1157:
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1128:
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864:
844:
817:
797:
776:
744:
717:
713:
703:
580:
577:
569:
562:
558:Usar-Garsana
542:
538:Diyala river
534:Alwand River
518:
493:
485:
481:
477:Sirwan River
473:Diyala river
470:
452:
441:
433:
430:
421:
417:
406:
402:
398:
389:
377:
359:
344:fell to the
339:
330:
320:
304:
296:
291:
286:
281:
263:
223:
195:
191:
185:
178:
131:Mesopotamian
126:
114:
113:
70:Early Bronze
5628:Tehrangeles
5591:Traditional
5328:Nationality
5266:persecution
5251:persecution
5202:Circassians
5151:Neo-Aramaic
5131:Azerbaijani
5003:State-owned
4928:Health care
4891:Agriculture
4728:Brain drain
4667:Ambassadors
4362:Earthquakes
3899:Aq Qoyunlu
3848:Muzaffarid
3825:Eldiguzids
3817:Anushtegin
3643:Kingdom of
3619:Kingdom of
3611:Kingdom of
3603:Atropatene
3595:Achaemenid
3536:Kingdom of
3481:3400–539 BC
3388:WikiProject
3189:Marsh Arabs
3174:Circassians
2855:Foreign aid
2747:Mesopotamia
2309:Uruk period
2184:Hittitology
2174:Assyriology
2095:Archaeology
1965:Old Persian
1775:Jemdet Nasr
354:Erridupizir
215: 1953
5528:Philosophy
5487:newspapers
5468:Literature
5373:architects
5368:Achaemenid
5288:Corruption
4748:Corruption
4588:Reformists
4583:Propaganda
4481:Corruption
4466:Censorship
4409:Lake Urmia
4097:Iran–Iraq
3793:Ghaznavid
3671:AD 224–651
3635:Frataraka
3467:Prehistory
3305:Television
3285:Literature
3247:Irreligion
3222:Secularism
3159:Minorities
3027:(currency)
3020:Corruption
2865:Government
2656:Insurgency
2455:Aq Qoyunlu
2276:Chronology
2148:Divination
1858:Achaemenid
1823:Isin-Larsa
1716:Trialetian
1711:Mousterian
1698:Prehistory
1040:"T2K3.htm"
947:"T2K1.htm"
695:References
479:in Iran).
350:Lullubians
340:After the
217: – c.
208:Ishbi-Erra
123:𒋛𒈬𒌨𒊑𒅎
59:Government
25:𒋛𒈬𒌨𒊑𒅎
5493:Mythology
5399:Calendars
5389:Astronomy
5298:Education
5207:Georgians
5192:Assyrians
5187:Armenians
5113:Languages
5005:companies
4968:Transport
4948:Petroleum
4733:Companies
4672:President
4659:Officials
4593:Terrorism
4542:Air Force
4486:Elections
4424:Provinces
4419:Mountains
4329:Geography
4249:languages
3987:1925–1979
3915:Afsharid
3876:1370–1925
3864:Chobanid
3758:Saffarid
3710:Rashidun
3678:Sasanian
3659:Kings of
3651:Parthian
3627:Seleucid
3568:Scythian
3528:Kassites
3512:Akkadian
3325:Squatting
3290:Education
3237:Mandaeism
3206:/Turkoman
3184:Mandaeans
3169:Assyrians
3164:Armenians
3127:Languages
3015:Companies
2970:Judiciary
2880:President
2850:Elections
2845:Democracy
2691:Geography
2607:Sanctions
2525:2003–2011
2520:1968–2003
2515:1958–1968
2374:Babylonia
2021:Cuneiform
1897:Languages
1706:Acheulean
1593:Babylonia
1530:Euphrates
1480:Geography
654:Iddin-Sin
604:Iddin-Sin
524:and near
204:Iddin-Sin
166:Iddin-Sin
5679:Category
5654:Category
5547:football
5538:Scouting
5448:Iranians
5438:Folklore
5234:Religion
5146:Georgian
5126:Armenian
4987:shipping
4982:railways
4972:airlines
4938:Industry
4803:Taxation
4617:Councils
4533:Military
4448:Politics
4429:Wildlife
4394:Caucasus
4276:Persians
4203:See also
4027:Iranian
3994:Pahlavi
3907:Safavid
3883:Timurid
3786:977–1432
3766:Ziyarid
3742:Tahirid
3734:Samanid
3726:Abbasid
3718:Umayyad
3703:632–1090
3520:Lullubi
3504:Elamite
3368:Category
3217:Religion
3194:Persians
3078:Railways
3073:Airlines
2955:Military
2816:Politics
2792:Wildlife
2782:Umm Qasr
2612:Iraq War
2595:Gulf War
2507:Republic
2460:Safavids
2423:638–1958
2167:Academia
2121:Religion
1990:Urartian
1985:Sumerian
1970:Parthian
1905:Akkadian
1878:Sasanian
1868:Parthian
1863:Seleucid
1813:Simurrum
1803:Akkadian
1736:Khiamian
1726:Natufian
1638:Simurrum
1623:Kassites
1618:Hittites
1573:Adiabene
1425:Simurrum
674:See also
583:Me-Turan
522:Eshnunna
467:Location
458:Iddi-Sin
409:Ibbi-Sin
371:—
366:Urbillum
335:Eshnunna
314:—
200:Akkadian
137:down to
119:Akkadian
115:Simurrum
62:Monarchy
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5597:Ey Iran
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5092:Society
4993:Tourism
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4883:Sectors
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4716:General
4705:Economy
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4459:General
4414:Islands
4350:largest
4340:Borders
3809:Seljuk
3801:Ghurid
3750:Alavid
3560:Median
3552:Urartu
3474:Ancient
3454:History
3398:Commons
3315:Smoking
3280:Culture
3275:Cuisine
3258:General
3242:Yazidis
3199:Solluba
3152:Persian
3142:Kurdish
3137:Aramaic
3102:Society
3083:Tourism
2994:Economy
2742:Islands
2717:Borders
2542: (
2532:present
2467:(incl.
2379:Assyria
2324:Subartu
2264:History
2153:Prayers
2138:Deities
2102:Looting
1945:Kassite
1940:Hurrian
1935:Hittite
1925:Elamite
1920:Eblaite
1915:Aramaic
1910:Amorite
1833:Kassite
1808:Gutians
1790:History
1755:Samarra
1751:Hassuna
1721:Zarzian
1643:Subartu
1633:Mitanni
1598:Chaldea
1588:Assyria
1561:Ancient
650:Lullubi
589:Gallery
546:Shu-Sin
507:Karaḫar
380:Gutians
362:Lullubi
346:Gutians
234:Lullubi
181:Hurrian
157:History
5664:Portal
5423:Cinema
5405:Nowruz
5302:higher
5176:abroad
5141:Hebrew
5047:Places
4943:Mining
4768:Energy
4345:Cities
4261:Aryans
3980:Modern
3931:Qajar
3774:Buyid
3442:topics
3378:Portal
3320:Sports
3295:Health
3270:Cinema
3122:Iraqis
3025:Dinar
2960:Police
2762:Places
2252:topics
1980:Sutean
1955:Median
1950:Luwian
1930:Gutian
1818:Ur III
1731:Nemrik
1668:Cities
1663:Urartu
1613:Hamazi
1608:Gutium
1583:Armani
1535:Tigris
1488:Modern
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413:Ur III
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348:, the
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198:", in
139:Ur III
5558:Music
5543:Sport
5473:Media
5458:Islam
5394:Blogs
5338:Women
5293:Crime
5281:Other
5242:Islam
5212:Kurds
4977:metro
4895:fruit
4853:Setad
3923:Zand
3833:Kart
3310:Music
3300:Media
3227:Islam
3179:Kurds
3005:Banks
2943:Women
2737:Lakes
2530:2011–
2490:Kings
2319:Sumer
2066:Music
2016:Akitu
1873:Roman
1765:Ubaid
1760:Halaf
1658:Tukri
1653:Sumer
1648:Suhum
1628:Media
1578:Akkad
602:King
497:Girsu
489:Kalar
325:king
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5586:Rock
5571:Jazz
5566:Folk
5432:wine
5217:Jews
4547:Navy
4537:Army
4516:LGBT
3440:Iran
3210:Jews
2933:LGBT
2897:List
2885:List
2250:Iraq
2112:Tell
1770:Uruk
1603:Elam
1396:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1328:2017
1229:2017
1196:2023
1020:ISBN
975:ISBN
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850:ISBN
803:ISBN
750:ISBN
528:and
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274:Elam
254:Iran
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