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citizenship, because, in the opinion of the
Government of the Republic of Indonesia, their social and political position demonstrates that they have spontaneously (in an implicit manner) renounced the citizenship of the People's Republic of China. Persons included in the above-mentioned group, because they have only citizenship, are not required to choose their citizenship under the provisions of the dual nationality treaty. If they so desire, a certificate stating their position may be given to such persons.
347:
151:
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The DPR conducted a final debate on the treaty on 17 December 1957. Members of
Masyumi motioned to postpone the debate until after the passage of a new citizenship law, but it was defeated by a 39–110 vote. Representatives of Masyumi and PSI then walked out of the session, and the treaty was ratified
452:
When the provisions of the
Beijing exchange became public, many Indonesians began to speculate who would be considered exempt from the requirement of formally choosing a citizenship. Indonesian newspapers learned from their "informed sources" and "sources near to the Cabinet" that the issue had been
304:
As nationalistic ethnic
Chinese protested against "forced naturalization", they demanded the protection of Chinese consuls. However, as an exchange for consular representation in the Indies, both governments signed the Consular Convention of 1911 which limited the jurisdiction of Chinese consuls to
447:
The
Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Republic of Indonesia agree that among those who are at the same time citizens of Indonesia and of the People's Republic of China there is a certain group who may be considered to have only one citizenship and not to have dual
154:
365:
process, both men addressed objections which have been made against the treaty. The document made provisions for a joint committee to be established to plan the treaty's enforcement and elaborated on interpretations of the treaty. At the time of the resignation of
318:
272:
was held in 1930 and counted 1,233,000 self-identified ethnic
Chinese living in the colony. Of this population, nearly two-thirds were born in the Indies, while the remaining one-third were new immigrants from China. Under the
405:
further urged the DPR in
December to ratify the treaty quickly, but initial discussions of the treaty did not begin until March 1957. Ratification was further delayed when the Cabinet was forced to resign following
461:
refused to participate in another option procedure. Although unconfirmed officially, these
Cabinet sources reported that ethnic Chinese employees of the Indonesian government would be exempt from the procedure.
442:
One provision of the 1955 exchange between Ali
Sastroamidjojo and Zhou Enlai sought to address ambiguities about the status of ethnic Chinese citizens of Indonesia outside the time frame outlined in the treaty:
256:
301:, or right of blood. This principle had previously been taken for granted by the Chinese, and it meant that ethnic Chinese born in the Indies were subjects of both the Dutch and Chinese governments.
385:
included several members of the opposition. Opposition of the treaty from
Catholic and Protestant parties became apparent during a June working session with the foreign affairs committee of the
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492:
27:
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325:, which stipulates that "a State may not afford diplomatic protection to one of its nationals against a state whose nationality such person also possesses".
801:
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personally urged the DPR to make its passage a high priority on the legislative agenda. In an October report to the Central Committee of
781:
657:
Ko, Swan Sik & Radhie, Teuku Mohamad (1990), "Nationality and International Law in Indonesian Perspective", in Ko, Swan Sik (ed.),
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extra-legal child of a Chinese father or mother, regardless of birthplace," as a Chinese citizen according to the principle of
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prior to the Prime Minister's departure for Beijing. It is believed the discussion came about because Minister of Health
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by both parties, the treaty came into force on 20 January 1960 after an exchange of the instruments of ratification in
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parents were considered Dutch subjects even if they were not Dutch citizens. The law followed the principle of
168:
Agreement on the Issue of Dual Nationality between the Republic of Indonesia and the People's Republic of China
155:
Agreement on the Issue of Dual Nationality between the Republic of Indonesia and the People's Republic of China
176:
Persetujuan Perjanjian antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok Mengenai Soal Dwikewarganegaraan
322:
418:
took office. After the Djuanda Cabinet approved the treaty for a second time in August, Foreign Minister
374:
was formed by a coalition of parties which had opposed the treaty; it tabled the matter until after the
361:
met with his Chinese counterpart in Beijing on 3 June. In an exchange of notes meant to supplement the
309:
as notes attached to the document indicated it was not meant to define citizenship. Chiang Kai-shek's
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those who were not also Dutch subjects. The convention did not explicitly solve the problem of
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Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó hé Yìndùníxīyǎ Gònghéguó guānyú shuāngchóng guójí wèntí de tiáoyuē
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Zhou Enlai (standing, second from left) and Sunario (seated, right) meet at the 1955
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Chinese and Indonesian foreign ministers Zhou Enlai and Sunario sign the treaty.
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attributed the delay of ratification to the frequent changes of the Cabinet.
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through a new citizenship act in 1929. It also refused to sign onto the 1930
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287:, or right of the soil. Additionally, the Manchu government of China's
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Mozingo, David (1961), "The Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty",
410:. The DPR entered a six-week recess in April and was reopened after a
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enacted a citizenship law on 28 March 1909 which claimed "every legal
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of both countries to choose citizenship of just one. It was signed by
381:
Ali Sastroamidjojo returned as Prime Minister in March 1956, but his
260:
A Chinese consul visits his constituents in Makassar, South Sulawesi.
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695:
426:, an ethnic Chinese political party, Chinese Indonesian DPR member
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is greeted by Zhou Enlai upon his arrival in Beijing, 26 May 1955.
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397:, DPR). The treaty was endorsed by the Cabinet on 3 July, and a
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on 24 July, it had made no further progress on the treaty. The
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was forwarded to the DPR in early August. Minister of Justice
232:, Foreign Minister of Indonesia, on 22 April 1955 during the
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The National Status of the Chinese in Indonesia, 1900–1958
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After the treaty's signing, Prime Minister of Indonesia
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Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective
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493:Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China
498:People's Republic of China – Indonesia relations
434:by a unanimous vote of the remaining delegates.
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228:, Premier and Foreign Minister of China, and
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797:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
723:Chinese Policy Toward Indonesia, 1949–1967
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478:ratified the treaty on 30 December 1957.
208:, was a bilateral agreement between the
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206:Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty
20:Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty
16:1955 treaty between China and Indonesia
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812:Chinese people of Indonesian descent
807:Indonesian people of Chinese descent
787:Treaties entered into force in 1960
466:Chinese pressure for implementation
275:Netherlands Citizenship Act of 1910
277:, ethnic Chinese who were born of
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337:Ratification and entry into force
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387:People's Representative Council
319:Hague Convention on Nationality
81:Exchange of the instruments of
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1:
746:Wilmott, Donald Earl (1961),
455:Ali Sastroamidjojo's cabinet
368:Ali Sastroamidjojo's cabinet
663:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
192:中華人民共和國和印度尼西亞共和國關於雙重國籍問題的條約
184:中华人民共和国和印度尼西亚共和国关于双重国籍问题的条约
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782:Treaties concluded in 1955
488:Indonesian nationality law
476:National People's Congress
210:People's Republic of China
120:People's Republic of China
802:China–Indonesia relations
323:Article 4 of the document
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24:
752:Cornell University Press
729:Cornell University Press
234:Asian–African Conference
33:Asian–African Conference
719:Mozingo, David (1976),
393:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
204:), better known as the
44:22 April 1955
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408:a rebellion in Sumatra
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313:government reaffirmed
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792:Treaties of Indonesia
414:under Prime Minister
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214:Republic of Indonesia
777:Nationality treaties
665:, pp. 125–176,
416:Djuanda Kartawidjaja
376:legislative election
266:last complete census
342:Delays in Indonesia
218:Chinese Indonesians
188:traditional Chinese
21:
472:Standing Committee
359:Ali Sastroamidjojo
355:
351:Ali Sastroamidjojo
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180:simplified Chinese
817:Cold War treaties
738:978-0-8014-0921-9
672:978-0-7923-0876-8
530:, pp. 31, 90
311:Republic of China
270:Dutch East Indies
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307:dual nationality
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372:next Cabinet
363:ratification
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289:Qing dynasty
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242:ratification
240:. Following
216:that forced
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107:(China) and
83:ratification
412:new Cabinet
111:(Indonesia)
101:Signatories
771:Categories
651:References
453:raised by
438:Opposition
399:draft bill
252:Background
226:Zhou Enlai
172:Indonesian
159:Wikisource
138:Indonesian
105:Zhou Enlai
93:Expiration
48:1955-04-22
704:0004-4687
420:Subandrio
321:based on
279:domiciled
144:Full text
130:Languages
124:Indonesia
78:Condition
70:Effective
64:Indonesia
482:See also
403:Muljatno
284:jus soli
212:and the
56:Location
712:3023470
474:of the
424:Baperki
268:of the
246:Beijing
238:Bandung
230:Sunario
134:Chinese
116:Parties
109:Sunario
87:Beijing
60:Bandung
46: (
760:557753
758:
735:
710:
702:
669:
198::
196:pinyin
190::
182::
41:Signed
708:JSTOR
504:Notes
220:with
756:OCLC
733:ISBN
700:ISSN
667:ISBN
264:The
166:The
136:and
122:and
692:doi
236:in
157:at
85:in
773::
754:,
731:,
706:,
698:,
686:,
622:^
571:^
293:or
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186:;
178:;
174::
62:,
762:.
741:.
714:.
694::
688:1
675:.
389:(
170:(
50:)
35:.
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