99:
86:
479:, then studying in Japan, observed the movement with interest, but did not return to China. Protests also occurred in China, specifically by students in Beijing and by chambers of commerce across the country. The agreement, which was essentially an alliance, was viewed by the Chinese public as an attempt by Japan to use Duan Qirui to control China, and the anti-agreement movement that it spurred laid the groundwork for the
430:
that the establishment of a Sino-Japanese alliance would allow for the free movement of
Japanese troops within Chinese territory, the commandeering of any resources that were militarily required, active interference in China's domestic politics, and the "planting" of pro-Japanese forces across China.
454:
on 18 January 1919, it was necessary to clarify the end date of the agreements, which was done on 5 February for the army agreement and 1 March for the naval agreement. The pact was thus specified to terminate when both the
Chinese and Japanese governments approved the peace treaties with Germany and
441:
The army agreement consists of twelve articles. While the second article ostensibly establishes the parties of the agreement as equals, the third article specifies that the
Chinese authorities must "try their best" to co-operate with the Japanese military in the relevant regions and prevent them from
474:
Though the
Japanese government had issued orders prohibiting any discussion of the negotiations in the domestic media, Chinese students in Japan were made aware of the impending signing of the agreement through reporting in foreign newspapers, and swiftly moved to organise a protest movement against
425:
was despatched to China to negotiate the terms of the agreement. On 25 March, Zhang and foreign minister Motono exchanged correspondence wherein they agreed that enemy forces were spreading rampantly along the
Russian border, threatening the Far East's security, and agreed to consider the conclusion
429:
While these negotiations were conducted in secret, newspapers quickly caught wind of them, and reported on them from early April. Opposition to the agreement spread quickly throughout China. The
Japanese side's intent is made clear by a Foreign Ministry record written around this time, which states
384:
offered the example of Allied military co-operation in France, and said that, if the Allies could jointly operate their military forces there, it would be illogical to not do the same in
Manchuria. The Japanese side also hinted at the possibility of unilateral deployment in the event China did not
433:
On 3 May, Tanaka Giichi visited Zhang at the
Chinese Legation in Tokyo, and demanded an apology from the Chinese side for doubting Japan's intentions and failing to participate in further deliberations. He stated that, until an agreement was signed, Japan would have no choice but to suspend the
446:
in each party's military to facilitate communication between the two parties, and specifies that both parties must provide whatever resources are required to for facilitate their joint defence. The full contents of the pact were not officially disclosed until 14 March 1919.
161:. The content of agreements were leaked to the press at an early stage, sparking a widespread protest movement by Chinese students in Japan and across China. The agreements were officially terminated in January 1921, their continuance made untenable by Chinese public opinion.
475:
the agreement from the end of April 1918. Called the "Returning Home
Movement", it resulted in one-third of the three thousand students in Japan returning to China. The students returned to Japan in the autumn of 1918, however. Future Chinese premier
1072:
1687:
442:"experiencing any obstacles" in their operations. The fourth article specifies that Japanese troops will be "entirely withdrawn" from Chinese territory at the termination of the war. The seventh article specifies the placement of
486:
While Duan desired to retain the agreement in some form after the end of the First World War, public opinion driven by the protest movement made this impossible. Duan was forced to resign in August 1920 following his loss in the
375:
Within the
Chinese government, there were doubts about the Japanese side's intentions with regard to any agreement, and specifically, they were concerned that such an agreement might lead to the Japanese effecting control over
1010:
1000:
1704:
1015:
1821:
438:. Accordingly, negotiations were reopened the following day, and by 16 May, the army agreement was signed. A naval agreement, largely mirroring the army agreement, was signed on 19 May.
985:
1739:
1765:
1005:
1453:
868:
1642:
1107:
1785:
1354:
1142:
1672:
1228:
1263:
1167:
793:
390:
364:, began planning to conclude a military pact with China, including a potential military alliance. In late January, Tanaka wired instructions to the Japanese
1223:
1067:
995:
911:
361:
1295:
1087:
1734:
1692:
1243:
1359:
1077:
1275:
1816:
1599:
1092:
1657:
1162:
1132:
1349:
1147:
1047:
451:
1137:
1408:
1238:
455:
Austria negotiated by the European powers, and when all Chinese and Japanese troops stationed outside of Chinese territory had been withdrawn.
1258:
372:, ordering him to swiftly move to form a Sino-Japanese agreement, and furthermore, to try and get the Chinese side to suggest the idea first.
1332:
775:
1609:
1475:
1037:
1082:
990:
1604:
1042:
1719:
1614:
1525:
1218:
1206:
1811:
1480:
1322:
1213:
1186:
1682:
1152:
1806:
879:
314:
142:
1667:
1403:
1097:
1448:
1201:
848:
828:
345:. As a result, Germany and Austria-Hungary became China and Japan's common enemy. Furthermore, following the outbreak of the 1917
1714:
1677:
1621:
1547:
1307:
941:
468:
157:, the agreements, which were concluded in secrecy, granted Japan numerous military privileges within Chinese territory along the
1780:
393:
and Germany, the Chinese side grew increasingly concerned about the presence of 100,000 German prisoners of war in neighbouring
1592:
1520:
904:
1344:
1317:
1290:
1270:
1196:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1662:
1587:
1312:
1174:
186:
1117:
951:
1760:
1724:
1505:
968:
1582:
1500:
1388:
1327:
413:
government decided on 8 March to begin drawing up plans for the proposed Sino-Japanese agreement, and informed Chinese
1542:
1413:
491:, and as a result, the basis for the agreement completely collapsed. It was officially terminated on 28 January 1921.
1537:
1300:
1285:
1179:
973:
956:
980:
1709:
1562:
1515:
1490:
897:
1233:
1729:
1423:
1373:
963:
1567:
1369:
322:
290:
1485:
463:
While the agreement's ostensible goal was to counter German–Austrian forces, the emergent communist threat in
158:
1572:
1557:
1191:
1647:
1460:
1253:
386:
1532:
1470:
1127:
1020:
936:
467:
and Manchuria was of a more immediate concern. The agreement allowed Japan to lay the groundwork for its
1157:
338:
154:
1398:
1280:
418:
488:
1552:
1495:
1428:
480:
422:
365:
1465:
1383:
1337:
1030:
1025:
346:
91:
1766:
South Korean-Japanese Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection (1993)
1443:
1438:
1433:
946:
781:
771:
410:
123:
471:, and effectively placed the Chinese military in northern Manchuria under Japanese command.
1699:
1652:
381:
223:
118:
1577:
1418:
443:
435:
342:
334:
330:
146:
104:
1770:
1248:
1108:
US-Japanese Convention Revising Certain Portions of Existing Commercial Treaties (1878)
350:
138:
397:. Worried that these German forces would be released and threaten the security of the
1800:
414:
357:
326:
1688:
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan (1960)
1510:
230:
814:
1229:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Argentina and Japan (1898)
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
150:
767:
The origins of contemporary Sino-Japanese relations : Zhou Enlai and Japan
1073:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Austria-Hungary and Japan (1869)
476:
318:
1521:
Japan-Manchukuo-Soviet Protocol for Cession of North Manchuria Railway (1935)
785:
18:
1918 military agreement between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan
1224:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Chile and Japan (1897)
1068:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Spain and Japan (1868)
1057:
926:
377:
1296:
Additional Agreement of the Japan-China Treaty relating to Manchuria (1905)
1088:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Peru and Japan (1873)
401:, they came to feel the necessity of concluding a Sino-Japanese agreement.
765:
1750:
1632:
398:
1705:
Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea (1965)
464:
394:
369:
56:
434:
financial and military aid it had been providing to China through the
1775:
1011:
Treaty of Peace, Amity and Commerce between Portugal and Japan (1860)
1001:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan (1858)
889:
1133:
Declaration of Amity and Commerce between Thailand and Japan (1887)
1350:
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the USA (1911)
1148:
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the USA (1894)
253:
1244:
Japan-Greece Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (1899)
1138:
Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between Mexico and Japan (1888)
1239:
Japan-Thailand Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty (1898)
149:, signed in May 1918. Drawn up following China's entry into the
1259:
Japan-China Additional Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1903)
893:
349:
in Russia, the Allies declared the new communist government of
1333:
Japan-China Agreement relating to Manchuria and Jiandao (1909)
1740:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China (1978)
1610:
Japan-Thailand Offensive and Defensive Alliance Treaty (1941)
1093:
Engagement between Japan and China respecting Formosa of 1874
1038:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Belgium and Japan (1866)
1016:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Prussia and Japan (1861)
1163:
Japan-Brazil Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation (1895)
1083:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Hawaii and Japan (1871)
1006:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan (1858)
991:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Russia and Japan (1859)
1048:
Russo-Japanese Provisional Treaty of Karafuto Island (1867)
1043:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Italy and Japan (1866)
1643:
Security Treaty between the United States and Japan (1951)
1219:
Japan–Netherlands Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
986:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan) (1859)
1481:
German–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1927)
1214:
Franco–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
1187:
German–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
1355:
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1911)
1153:
Italo–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1894)
1143:
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1894)
719:
717:
692:
690:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
544:
542:
540:
538:
525:
523:
521:
295:
559:
557:
235:
1449:
Treaty concerning solution of Shandong issues (1922)
1202:
Japan–China Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
1748:
1630:
1368:
1056:
925:
289:
284:
252:
247:
229:
222:
217:
185:
180:
171:
112:
77:
62:
52:
26:
1678:Treaty of Peace between Japan and Indonesia (1958)
996:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1858)
617:
615:
613:
333:on 14 August 1917, marking China's entry into the
1735:Basic Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation (1976)
1683:Japan–South Vietnam Reparations Agreement (1959)
1078:Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty (1871)
770:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Springer.
385:acquiesce. With the 3 March 1918 signing of the
1786:American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact (2023)
1668:Japan–Philippines Reparations Agreement (1956)
1663:Treaty of Peace between Japan and Burma (1954)
1658:Treaty of Peace between Japan and India (1952)
1588:Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration (1940)
1175:Treaty for returning Fengtian Peninsula (1895)
258:
1822:Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
905:
191:
8:
1394:Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement (1918)
1118:Japan-Hawaii Labor Immigration Treaty (1884)
952:Dutch-Japan Treaty of Peace and Amity (1854)
657:
645:
633:
21:
1725:Japan-North Vietnam Joint Communiqué (1973)
1548:Japan-Netherlands Shipping Agreement (1936)
362:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
1781:Australian-Japanese Security Treaty (2022)
1323:Japan–Russia Secret Agreements (1907–1916)
969:Japan-Netherlands Additional Treaty (1856)
912:
898:
890:
281:
214:
20:
1673:Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956
1583:Japan-China Basic Relations Treaty (1940)
1360:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
937:Japan-US Treaty of Peace and Amity (1854)
1600:Treaty between Thailand and Japan (1940)
1404:Covenant of the League of Nations (1919)
669:
237:Zhōng rì gòngtóng fáng dí jūnshì xiédìng
1622:Japanese Instrument of Surrender (1945)
1543:Canada-Japan New Trade Agreement (1935)
1476:Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention (1925)
942:Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty (1854)
505:
1605:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact (1941)
1409:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
747:
735:
723:
681:
604:
592:
548:
529:
512:
168:
1693:U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement
981:Japan-Russia Additional Treaty (1858)
421:as such. A team led by Major General
380:. However, Japanese foreign minister
172:Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement
135:Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement
22:Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement
7:
1761:US-Japanese Fishery Agreement (1991)
1710:Ogasawara Reversion Agreement (1968)
1491:Japan-China Customs Agreement (1930)
1276:Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904
708:
696:
621:
563:
1720:Japan–China Joint Communiqué (1972)
1501:Shanghai Ceasefire Agreement (1932)
822:. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
1730:Japan–China Trade Agreement (1974)
1715:Okinawa Reversion Agreement (1971)
1414:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine (1919)
14:
1197:Yamagata–Lobanov Agreement (1896)
1098:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875)
964:Japan-US Additional Treaty (1855)
1568:Van Mook-Kotani Agreement (1938)
297:Nisshi kyōdō bōteki gunji kyōtei
137:was a series of secret military
97:
84:
1817:Treaties of the Empire of Japan
1506:Japan-Manchukuo Protocol (1932)
816:The Truth about China and Japan
426:of a joint defence agreement.
1648:Treaty of San Francisco (1951)
1573:Arita-Craigie Agreement (1939)
1558:Hart-Ishizawa Agreement (1937)
1461:Washington Naval Treaty (1922)
1389:Lansing–Ishii Agreement (1917)
1328:Root–Takahira Agreement (1908)
1313:Franco-Japanese Treaty of 1907
1254:Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902)
1192:Komura-Weber Memorandum (1896)
296:
236:
192:
1:
1563:India-Japan Agreement of 1937
1538:Chin-Doihara Agreement (1935)
1516:India-Japan Agreement of 1934
1308:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
1286:Taft–Katsura agreement (1905)
1128:Convention of Tientsin (1885)
878:(in Japanese). Archived from
1234:Nishi–Rosen Agreement (1898)
1158:Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)
450:Because of the start of the
1399:Treaty of Versailles (1919)
1281:Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
867:Yokoyama, Hisayuki (2006).
813:Putnam Weale, B.L. (1919).
1840:
1812:Treaties concluded in 1918
1553:Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)
1496:London Naval Treaty (1930)
1486:Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928)
1471:Klaipėda Convention (1924)
1384:Japan-China Treaty of 1915
1345:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910
1318:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907
1291:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
1271:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904
1123:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885
1113:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1882
1103:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
1776:Japan-Korea GSOMIA (2016)
1533:He–Umezu Agreement (1935)
1466:Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
1424:Gongota Agreement of 1920
1026:Agreement of Paris (1864)
876:Sophia Historical Studies
360:, then Vice Chief of the
307:
280:
259:
213:
176:
66:28 January 1921
1444:Nine-Power Treaty (1922)
1439:Four-Power Treaty (1921)
1434:Treaty of Trianon (1921)
947:Treaty of Shimoda (1855)
847:Sugano, Tadashi (1986).
827:Sugano, Tadashi (1985).
187:Traditional Chinese
1700:Tokyo Convention (1963)
1653:Treaty of Taipei (1952)
1429:Treaty of Sèvres (1920)
869:"一九一八年の日中軍事協定と兵器同盟について"
856:Nara Journal of History
836:Nara Journal of History
469:intervention in Siberia
391:Russian Soviet Republic
387:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1578:Tripartite Pact (1940)
1419:Svalbard Treaty (1920)
1021:London Protocol (1862)
452:Paris Peace Conference
313:The government of the
1771:Kyoto Protocol (1997)
1249:Boxer Protocol (1901)
764:Itoh, Mayumi (2016).
341:, which included the
40:19 May 1918
30:16 May 1918
1807:China–Japan treaties
389:between the nascent
1511:Tanggu Truce (1933)
711:, pp. 113–114.
648:, pp. 175–177.
481:May Fourth movement
337:on the side of the
159:Sino-Russian border
153:on the part of the
23:
347:October Revolution
1794:
1793:
920:Treaties of Japan
829:"五四前夜の日中軍事協定反対運動"
777:978-1-137-56616-4
738:, pp. 32–33.
672:, pp. 56–58.
658:Putnam Weale 1919
646:Putnam Weale 1919
634:Putnam Weale 1919
411:Terauchi Masatake
317:, led by Premier
315:Republic of China
311:
310:
303:
302:
243:
242:
224:Standard Mandarin
143:Republic of China
131:
130:
48:(Naval agreement)
1829:
1618:
1596:
1529:
1457:
1341:
1304:
1267:
1210:
1183:
1171:
1034:
977:
960:
927:Bakumatsu period
914:
907:
900:
891:
886:
885:on 4 March 2016.
884:
873:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
821:
809:
807:
805:
789:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
712:
706:
700:
694:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
608:
602:
596:
590:
567:
561:
552:
546:
533:
527:
516:
510:
444:liaison officers
366:military attaché
356:From this time,
299:
298:
282:
276:
275:
239:
238:
215:
209:
208:
169:
139:unequal treaties
103:
101:
100:
90:
88:
87:
73:
71:
47:
45:
38:(Army agreement)
37:
35:
24:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1753:
1744:
1635:
1626:
1612:
1590:
1523:
1451:
1376:
1364:
1335:
1298:
1261:
1204:
1177:
1165:
1060:
1052:
1028:
971:
954:
929:
921:
918:
882:
871:
866:
858:(in Japanese).
851:
849:"日中軍事協定の廃棄について"
846:
838:(in Japanese).
831:
826:
819:
812:
803:
801:
792:
778:
763:
760:
755:
754:
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
715:
707:
703:
695:
688:
680:
676:
668:
664:
656:
652:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
611:
603:
599:
591:
570:
562:
555:
547:
536:
528:
519:
511:
507:
502:
497:
489:Zhili–Anhui War
461:
436:Nishihara Loans
419:Zhang Zongxiang
407:
343:Empire of Japan
335:First World War
331:Austria-Hungary
167:
151:First World War
147:Empire of Japan
98:
96:
85:
83:
69:
67:
43:
41:
39:
33:
31:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
966:
961:
949:
944:
939:
933:
931:
923:
922:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
888:
887:
864:
844:
824:
810:
794:"日華共同防敵軍事協定とは"
790:
776:
759:
756:
753:
752:
740:
728:
713:
701:
699:, p. 118.
686:
674:
662:
660:, p. 176.
650:
638:
636:, p. 165.
626:
609:
597:
568:
566:, p. 104.
553:
534:
517:
504:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
460:
457:
406:
403:
351:Vladimir Lenin
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
293:
287:
286:
285:Transcriptions
278:
277:
256:
250:
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683:
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423:Saitō Suejirō
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405:The agreement
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382:Motono Ichirō
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880:the original
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842:(12): 44–77.
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802:. Retrieved
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323:declared war
312:
291:Romanization
231:Hanyu Pinyin
181:Chinese name
141:between the
134:
132:
15:
1636:(1945–1989)
1631:During the
1613: [
1591: [
1524: [
1452: [
1377:(1913–1945)
1370:World War I
1336: [
1299: [
1262: [
1205: [
1178: [
1166: [
1061:(1868–1912)
1029: [
972: [
955: [
930:(1854–1868)
748:Sugano 1986
736:Sugano 1986
724:Sugano 1986
682:Sugano 1985
605:Sugano 1985
593:Sugano 1985
549:Sugano 1985
530:Sugano 1985
513:Sugano 1985
1801:Categories
495:References
477:Zhou Enlai
353:a threat.
319:Duan Qirui
165:Background
70:1921-01-28
63:Expiration
44:1918-05-19
34:1918-05-16
1058:Meiji era
786:950459548
709:Itoh 2016
697:Itoh 2016
564:Itoh 2016
500:Citations
417:in Tokyo
378:Manchuria
113:Languages
1751:Cold War
1633:Cold War
798:Kotobank
622:Kotobank
415:Minister
399:Far East
145:and the
124:Japanese
53:Location
1754:(1989–)
804:14 July
465:Siberia
395:Siberia
370:Beijing
325:on the
119:Chinese
78:Parties
68: (
57:Beijing
42: (
32: (
784:
774:
459:Effect
102:
89:
27:Signed
1749:Post-
1617:]
1595:]
1528:]
1456:]
1340:]
1303:]
1266:]
1209:]
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1033:]
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959:]
883:(PDF)
872:(PDF)
862:(12).
852:(PDF)
832:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
254:Kanji
105:Japan
92:China
806:2021
782:OCLC
772:ISBN
409:The
329:and
133:The
368:in
1803::
1615:ja
1593:ja
1526:ja
1454:ja
1374:II
1338:ja
1301:ja
1264:ja
1207:ja
1180:ja
1168:ja
1031:ja
974:ja
957:ja
874:.
854:.
834:.
796:.
780:.
716:^
689:^
612:^
571:^
556:^
537:^
520:^
483:.
321:,
273:協定
270:軍事
267:防敵
264:共同
261:日支
206:協定
203:軍事
200:防敵
197:共同
194:中日
1372:–
913:e
906:t
899:v
860:4
840:3
808:.
788:.
624:.
72:)
46:)
36:)
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