1061:
319:
303:
544:
479:
464:
while the native
Maeotian populace were buried in flat cemeteries. Burials in Sindica continued this tradition, and members of the Sindi ruling class continued being buried in kurgans while the Maeotians continued to be buried in flat graves.
1060:
472:
were abandoned in the 4th century BC, when the
Sauromatians took over most of Ciscaucasia, the Sindi built a new series of earthworks on their eastern borders. One of the Sindi earthworks was located at
1239:
431:
during the 7th to 6th centuries BC, and they soon lost contact with the
Scythians who remained in the Pontic Steppe. The 3rd century BC Greek author
546:
The
Imperial Archeological Commission (1859-1917). History of the first state institution of Russian Archeology from the beginning until the reform
419:
Unlike the majority of the Sindi, who remained in the northern
Caucasus, a smaller section of the Sindi migrated westwards and settled into the
1263:
1171:
750:
700:
670:
628:
1268:
364:
over the course of the late 6th century BC, the Sindi remained the only
Scythian group still present in the region, in the area called
318:
1258:
785:
527:
1215:
1083:
276:
251:
1219:
714:
1199:
718:
378:
44:
549:. 2nd revised edition (in Russian). Vol. 1. Saint Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture of RAS.
742:
692:
1178:
343:
132:
1273:
306:"Sindi warrior" part of a statue depicting a young warrior in armor, cloak, pointed hat, with a sword, bow and
1154:
620:
1149:
1136:
988:
369:
152:
35:
1095:
778:
662:
420:
474:
432:
439:
and the otherwise unknown Grauci in the "plain of
Laurion", which is likely the eastern part of the
901:
1100:
710:
680:
128:
1105:
746:
730:
696:
666:
624:
523:
146:
1235:
1224:
1204:
1159:
1090:
771:
726:
722:
684:
491:
kurgan in which several humans were buried and which contained the skeletons of 200 horses.
408:
354:
350:
327:
269:
209:
181:
70:. A portion of the Sindi also lived in Central Europe. Their name is variously written, and
1194:
1015:
468:
After earlier
Scythian earthworks built in the 6th century BC along the right bank of the
440:
401:
339:
294:
890:
428:
389:
71:
67:
55:
516:
The
Northern Black Sea region in the ancient era: archeology and mythology: a textbook
514:
1252:
1121:
1020:
469:
407:
The kingdom of
Sindica existed for only a brief time, and it was soon annexed by the
136:
1078:
870:
361:
651:"Remarks on the Presence of Iranian Peoples in Europe and Their Asiatic Relations"
1040:
906:
608:
956:
926:
897:
885:
848:
828:
323:
311:
1209:
993:
973:
936:
931:
921:
880:
865:
813:
738:
457:
424:
397:
346:
335:
63:
658:
302:
1166:
1131:
941:
843:
833:
436:
178:
1025:
983:
966:
951:
823:
794:
396:) by the Greeks and which corresponded to the area west of present-day
307:
256:
24:
310:. Bosporan sculptor. Limestone, II - I BC Found in the vicinity of
1141:
1126:
1030:
961:
946:
838:
818:
808:
616:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
461:
79:
650:
322:
Ancient terracotta vessels unearthed at the Sindian necropolis near
353:, and they progressively became Hellenised due to contact with the
1050:
1035:
1008:
998:
916:
911:
858:
853:
317:
301:
20:
1045:
978:
875:
767:
613:
Rome and the Nomads: The Pontic-Danubian Realm in Antiquity
383:
360:
As the Scythians lost more territory in Ciscaucasia to the
49:
763:
513:
Spiridonova, E.V.; Chekanova, N.V. Agrafonov, PG (ed.).
435:
located a population of the Sindi living alongside the
342:, where they formed a ruling class over the indigenous
558:
556:
1187:
1114:
1071:
801:
759:
Trubachov, Oleg N., 1999: Indoarica, Nauka, Moscow.
543:Alexander Musin & Maria Medvedeva, ed. (2019).
290:
206:
191:
174:
166:
158:
142:
124:
100:
583:
349:. Archaeologically, the Sindi belonged to the
779:
23:, a modern subgroup of the Romani people, or
8:
1240:Category:Populated places in ancient Scythia
786:
772:
764:
595:
522:(in Russian). Yaroslavl state University.
97:
193:• Scythian retreat from Ciscaucasia
27:, an ethnolinguistic group in South Asia.
1059:
562:
16:Ancient people from the Black Sea region
655:Collectanea Celto-Asiatica Cracoviensia
505:
460:country initially buried their dead in
1172:Sarmatia Asiatica and Sarmatia Europea
66:people who primarily lived in western
205:
190:
186:
165:
7:
314:in 1896. Kerch Archaeology Museum.
338:who established themselves on the
14:
456:The Scythian ruling class in the
1064:Scythian and related populations
423:as part of the expansion of the
274:
249:
334:The Sindi were a tribe of the
1:
1264:History of the western steppe
1214:Iranian origin hypotheses of
1200:History of the western steppe
735:The Cambridge Ancient History
689:The Cambridge History of Iran
485:
215:
197:
115:
108:
717:(1991). "The Scythians". In
649:Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2000).
584:Sulimirski & Taylor 1991
384:
50:
733:; Walker, C. B. F. (eds.).
1290:
1269:Historical Iranian peoples
743:Cambridge University Press
693:Cambridge University Press
373:
39:
18:
1259:Ancient peoples of Russia
1233:
1057:
683:(1985). "The Scyths". In
228:
224:
187:
107:
19:Not to be confused with
621:Oxford University Press
208:• Conquest by the
1137:Parama Kamboja Kingdom
1065:
484:, where was located a
393:
331:
315:
153:Ancient Greek religion
59:
1179:Pontic–Caspian steppe
1063:
663:Księgarnia Akademicka
321:
305:
201: 7th century BC
125:Common languages
112: 7th century BC
745:. pp. 560–590.
695:. pp. 149–199.
665:. pp. 105–107.
433:Apollonius of Rhodes
326:. The photograph by
711:Sulimirski, Tadeusz
598:, pp. 191–193.
586:, pp. 568–573.
1066:
332:
316:
62:) were an ancient
1246:
1245:
752:978-1-139-05429-4
737:. Vol. 3.2.
727:Hammond, N. G. L.
723:Edwards, I. E. S.
702:978-1-139-05493-5
672:978-8-371-88337-8
630:978-0-198-14936-1
382:
300:
299:
286:
285:
282:
281:
262:
261:
150:Maeotian religion
147:Scythian religion
48:
1281:
1236:Category:Scythia
1225:Scythian archers
1205:Bosporan Kingdom
1160:Bosporan Kingdom
788:
781:
774:
765:
756:
706:
676:
635:
634:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
566:
560:
551:
550:
540:
534:
533:
521:
510:
490:
487:
483:
475:Yelizavetinskaya
409:Bosporan Kingdom
387:
377:
375:
355:Bosporan Kingdom
351:Scythian culture
328:Prokudin-Gorskii
278:
277:
270:Bosporan Kingdom
266:
265:
253:
252:
246:
245:
230:
229:
220:
217:
210:Bosporan Kingdom
202:
199:
182:Scythian culture
120:
117:
113:
110:
98:
53:
43:
41:
1289:
1288:
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1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1274:Scythian tribes
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1229:
1195:Iranian peoples
1183:
1110:
1067:
1055:
1016:Pazyryk culture
797:
792:
762:
753:
709:
703:
691:. Vol. 2.
685:Gershevitch, I.
679:
673:
648:
644:
639:
638:
631:
607:
606:
602:
596:Sulimirski 1985
594:
590:
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561:
554:
542:
541:
537:
530:
519:
512:
511:
507:
502:
497:
488:
477:
454:
449:
441:Pannonian Basin
421:Hungarian Plain
417:
402:Taman peninsula
344:North Caucasian
340:Taman peninsula
295:Southern Russia
275:
250:
218:
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200:
194:
151:
149:
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28:
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1146:Scythia Minor
1144:
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944:
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934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
895:
894:
893:
891:Indo-Scythians
888:
883:
873:
868:
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826:
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776:
768:
761:
760:
757:
751:
731:Sollberger, E.
719:Boardman, John
707:
701:
681:Sulimirski, T.
677:
671:
645:
643:
640:
637:
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629:
600:
588:
567:
552:
535:
528:
504:
503:
501:
498:
496:
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452:North Caucasus
450:
448:
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429:Central Europe
416:
415:Central Europe
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298:
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176:
175:Historical era
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144:
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126:
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105:
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72:Pomponius Mela
15:
13:
10:
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3:
2:
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1147:
1145:
1143:
1140:
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1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Kazakh Steppe
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
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1089:
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1049:
1047:
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1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Tagar culture
1019:
1017:
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1010:
1007:
1005:
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997:
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990:
987:
985:
982:
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847:
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837:
835:
832:
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827:
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822:
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817:
815:
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810:
807:
806:
804:
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796:
789:
784:
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777:
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770:
769:
766:
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748:
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736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:Taylor, T. F.
712:
708:
704:
698:
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690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
668:
664:
660:
656:
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647:
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632:
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618:
614:
610:
604:
601:
597:
592:
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585:
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578:
576:
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572:
568:
564:
563:Olbrycht 2000
559:
557:
553:
548:
547:
539:
536:
531:
529:5-8397-0485-7
525:
518:
517:
509:
506:
499:
494:
492:
489: 400 BC
481:
476:
471:
466:
463:
459:
451:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
380:
371:
370:Ancient Greek
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
345:
341:
337:
329:
325:
320:
313:
309:
304:
296:
293:
291:Today part of
289:
273:
271:
268:
267:
264:
258:
255:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
227:
223:
219: 380 BC
214:
211:
196:
183:
180:
177:
173:
169:
161:
157:
154:
148:
145:
141:
138:
137:Ancient Greek
134:
130:
127:
123:
119: 380 BC
106:
99:
93:
88:
86:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
46:
37:
36:Ancient Greek
33:
26:
22:
1155:Lower Danube
1003:
902:Sauromatians
871:Melanchlaeni
734:
688:
654:
612:
609:Batty, Roger
603:
591:
545:
538:
515:
508:
467:
455:
418:
406:
365:
362:Sauromatians
359:
333:
239:Succeeded by
238:
233:
83:
75:
31:
29:
1041:Thyssagetae
907:Agaragantes
478: [
470:Kuban river
447:Archaeology
234:Preceded by
94:Ciscaucasia
74:calls them
68:Ciscaucasia
1253:Categories
957:Spondolici
927:Limigantes
898:Sarmatians
886:Massagetae
849:Cimmerians
829:Androphagi
495:References
330:(c. 1912).
324:Phanagoria
312:Phanagoria
159:Government
1210:Sarmatism
1101:Languages
1084:Jewellery
994:Hamaxobii
974:Scythians
937:Rimphaces
932:Phoristae
922:Cissianti
881:Amyrgians
866:Gelonians
814:Agathyrsi
739:Cambridge
500:Citations
400:, in the
398:Krasnodar
379:romanized
347:Maeotians
336:Scythians
143:Religion
84:Sindianoi
45:romanized
1167:Sarmatia
1132:Sakasene
1106:Religion
942:Roxolani
844:Cercetae
834:Arimaspi
611:(2007).
458:Maeotian
437:Sigynnae
425:Scythian
179:Iron Age
162:Monarchy
133:Maeotian
129:Scythian
76:Sindones
64:Scythian
1188:Related
1115:Regions
1096:Horizon
1091:Culture
1072:Culture
1026:Tapurei
984:Cadusii
967:Iazyges
952:Siraces
824:Amazons
802:Peoples
795:Scythia
687:(ed.).
642:Sources
462:kurgans
394:Sindica
385:Sindikē
381::
374:Σινδικη
366:Sindica
308:gorytos
257:Scythia
102:Sindica
89:History
47::
25:Sindhis
1216:Croats
1150:Crimea
1142:Alania
1127:Sistan
1031:Tapuri
962:Yancai
947:Serboi
839:Budini
819:Amardi
809:Achaei
749:
699:
669:
659:Kraków
627:
617:Oxford
526:
170:
80:Lucian
51:Sindoi
40:Σινδοι
1220:Serbs
1051:Zygii
1036:Tauri
1009:Spali
1004:Sindi
999:Legae
989:Gelae
917:Aorsi
912:Alans
859:Parni
854:Dahae
520:(PDF)
482:]
427:into
390:Latin
60:Sindi
56:Latin
32:Sindi
21:Sinti
1218:and
1046:Uxii
979:Abii
876:Saka
747:ISBN
697:ISBN
667:ISBN
625:ISBN
524:ISBN
167:King
30:The
1079:Art
1255::
1238:,
741::
729:;
725:;
721:;
713:;
661::
657:.
653:.
623:.
619::
615:.
570:^
555:^
486:c.
480:ru
443:.
411:.
404:.
392::
388:;
376:,
372::
357:.
216:c.
198:c.
116:c.
109:c.
82:,
78:,
58::
54:;
42:,
38::
900:/
787:e
780:t
773:v
755:.
705:.
675:.
633:.
565:.
532:.
368:(
114:–
34:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
