27:
143:
301:), the Workers' University and the National Federation of Education Workers. By 1935 the United Front was formed from the National Education Workers, culminating with the creation of the National Confederation of Education Workers, during a period of a huge boom in worker, peasant and popular union associations.
493:
The SNTE is recognized by the government in educational policy decisions as a group representing the interests of professional, technical, administrative and social labor in the education sector. It manifests itself in defense of the principles of
Article 3 of the Constitution and supporting free and
311:
In 1936 the CTM supported the creation of the Union of
Education Workers of the Mexican Republic (STERM Inter). From its foundation, it began to form the basis of a national educational system. But due to internal and external conflicts, the union began to splinter, forming the Revolutionary Front of
315:
A crisis created the emergence of SNATE, which also later created FRMM, STERM and FSTSE. Véjar
Octavio Vazquez tried to unite the teachers from the top, but only managed further division. In April 1942, he agreed to a unity pact between SMMTE, SUNTE and STERM which created one national guild. With
505:
report stated that Mexico invested, as of 2009, a relatively high 5.3 percent of its GDP in education, yet its primary education system ranks poorly. The WEF's report blames this underperformance on the SNTE's opposition to reforms which could increase the effectiveness of education funding. This
489:
From its formation, the STNE has presented the idea of a single trade union representing all educational workers across the country. Supported by its ties with the State and the Party of the
Mexican Revolution (PRM), the SNTE became a pillar of the state, identified with nationalism and political
328:, during the largest teachers strike in the first half of the 20th century, the government suppressed the strike, and consolidated all teacher representation under the SNTE. It was during the 1970's as well that archaeological site guards began to join the SNTE.
294:, which violently suppressed all opposition. Teachers strikes in May 1919 and the strike of Veracruz in 1927 and 1928, established the need for an organisation. Both movements affected the construction and strengthening of the Mexican Confederation of Teachers.
400:'s victory, allowing Gordillo to negotiate further quotas of power during his administration. As a result, Gordillo was made SNTE President for Life in 2008, at a conference where she presented each of the 57 regional deputies with their own personal
268:
leaders and anti-democratic tendencies. This resulted in a movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s in which sections from several states began demanding democratic reforms in the union structure. This movement resulted in the fall of SNTE leader
528:
The SNTE is composed of a
National President; a General Secretariat Executive; Chartered, National Governing Bodies; Auxiliary Organizations; and Associations of Solidarity. It is divided into 54 union delegations throughout Mexico.
979:
Street, Susan. "When politics becomes pedagogy: Oppositional discourse as policy in
Mexican teachers’ struggles for union democracy." Policy as practice: Toward a comparative sociocultural analysis of educational policy 1 (2001):
407:
With
Gordillo under increasing attack during the 2012 elections, accused by successive governments of stopping the advance of education reforms, the SNTE tried to form an alliance with the PRI, but this fell apart. New President
975:
Levinson, Bradley A., Janet
Blackwood, and Valerie Cross. "Recipients, agents, or partners?: The contradictions of teacher participation in Mexican secondary education reform." Journal of Educational Change 14.1 (2013):
44:
412:
of the PRI proposed a series of educational reforms which were opposed by SNTE, but at the last minute before they were signed into legislation on the 25 February 2013, and eventually agreed by
Gordillo and the SNTE.
490:
hegemony, holding the unity of all workers in the country's education and the voice of business interests to the education authority. Currently, union members must pay one percent of their salary as union fees.
983:
Torres, Carlos
Alberto. "State corporatism, educational policies, and students’ and teachers’ movements in Mexico." Understanding educational reform in global context: Economy, ideology, and the state (1991):
965:
Larreguy, Horacio, Cesar E. Montiel Olea, and Pablo Querubin. "Political Brokers: Partisans or Agents? Evidence from the Mexican Teachers' Union." American Journal of Political Science 61.4 (2017): 877–891.
336:
297:
With the building of opposition to the government, 1932 saw the formation of the Mexican Confederation of Teachers, and in 1934, the League of Education Workers (under the leadership of the
425:
91:
63:
467:
in the name of a company 99% owned by Gordillo's mother. The company bought two properties with the money in California, including a US$ 1.7 million home in
733:
384:, Gordillo became a personal friend and trusted adviser. As a result, she was herself ejected from PRI, and hence the union formed its own political party, the
70:
532:
The union organisation and administration currently numbers over 53,000 workers, providing members with all services plus health and educational support.
77:
1019:
562:
339:(ISSSTE) from 1976 until 1979, he promoted trade unionism through regular strikes. As the union became more militant, in an audience with President
59:
755:
516:, "neither work nor study"), an underclass of several million dropouts, of whom many ended up as combatants on the side of the cartels in the
637:
603:
448:, authorities alleged that although she claimed only to have earned 1.1m pesos (US$ 86,000) between 2009 and 2012, her expenditure included:
962:
Hecock, R. Douglas. "Democratization, education reform, and the Mexican Teachers' Union." Latin American Research Review 49.1 (2014): 62–82.
809:
304:
The SNTE began to consolidate from 1939, with the formation of various regionalised trade guilds and unions that were adhering to the
84:
366:
259:
110:
305:
1024:
1009:
696:
377:
48:
393:
956:
Cortina, Regina. "Gender and Power in the Teacher's Union of Mexico." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos (1990): 241–262.
783:
381:
316:
the support of CTM, the SNTE was created under the leadership of Luis Chavez Orozco, who remained in office for a year.
968:
Lemus, María de la Luz Arriaga. "In Mexico, to defend education as a social right, we must fight for union democracy."
1014:
385:
369:
was able to wield the power of SNTE nationally far more effectively for the gain of the SNTE, and her own enrichment.
723:
246:
With over 1.4 million members, it is currently the largest teachers' union in the Americas and the largest union in
340:
264:
332:
959:
Cortina, Regina. "Women as leaders in Mexican education." Comparative Education Review 33.3 (1989): 357–376.
392:, the former SNTE general secretary, as the parties deputy and senator. The effect of SNTE and PANAL in the
298:
270:
199:
37:
445:
389:
335:
as its general secretary. A former elected member of PRI, whilst also serving as general director of the
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The SNTE has been accused of indirectly benefiting the cartels against the federal government in the
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During her period in office, Gordillo became notorious for wearing luxury brands such as
939:
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464:
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247:
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The SNTE has its roots in the struggle of teacher unions during the presidency of
970:
The Global Assault on Teaching, Teachers, and their Unions Stories for Resistance
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373:
255:
236:
26:
889:
444:) from the SNTE. In a case laid out in court the next day by attorney general
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250:. Formed in 1949, the SNTE is composed of local sections in each of Mexico's
760:
468:
401:
417:
424:. On 26 February, Gordillo was arrested by the Mexican authorities at the
277:
as president, a position she held until her arrest in late February 2013.
243:. Its current Secretary-General and President is Alfonso Cepeda Salas.
477:$ 1.4 million in transfers to a private jet company called Avemex
312:
Teachers (after the Mexican Union of Teachers and Education Workers).
142:
421:
240:
165:
661:
456:
department store in San Diego between March 2009 and January 2012.
563:"Archaeology, Wage Labor, and Kinship in Rural Mexico, 1934–1974"
508:
441:
859:
Ricardo Hausmann; Emilio Lozoya Austin & Irene Mia (2009).
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that she claims belongs to her mother and other family members.
20:
337:
Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers
308:(CTM), which in turn served as the labor sector of the PRI.
994:
262:(PRI) and has been accused of having government-appointed
756:"Detienen a Elba Esther Gordillo por desvío de recursos"
903:
629:
The other Mexico: the North American triangle completed
210:
836:. México, Laboratorio de Políticas Públicas. pp 10-23.
357:
The President appointed as new SNTE general secretary
810:"Powerful Leader of Mexican Teachers' Union Arrested"
365:
as president, under the successor governments to the
724:"Head of Mexico's powerful teachers' union detained"
60:"Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación"
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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343:, the President demanded his resignation in 1989.
233:Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación
136:Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación
876:Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars
832:Góngora Sobreanes, J y Leyva Piña, M. A. (2007).
480:$ 17,260 to plastic surgery clinics in California
834:El SNTE en su encrucijada: política o educación
347:Leadership of Elba Esther Gordillo: 1989 - 2013
254:. For much of its history, the SNTE has been a
972:. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2008. 221–226.
697:"Elba Esther Gordillo accused of embezzlement"
459:$ 2.0 million transferred to bank accounts in
388:, with her daughter on the committee and with
8:
494:compulsory education provided by the State.
123:
361:, who after struggling under her successor
141:
122:
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Mexican trade union representing teachers
808:Archibold, Randall (27 February 2013).
632:. Black Rose Books Ltd. pp. 112–.
553:
367:Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
861:The Mexico Competitiveness Report 2009
784:"Mexico teachers union head arrested"
7:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
863:. World Economic Forum. p. 15.
598:. Penn State Press. pp. 72–.
506:resulted in the appearance of the
258:union allied with the long-ruling
225:National Educational Workers Union
130:National Educational Workers Union
14:
736:from the original on 12 June 2022
592:Cook, Maria Lorena (2004-05-04).
260:Institutional Revolutionary Party
1020:Trade unions established in 1949
474:Amassed a total of 10 properties
306:Confederation of Mexican Workers
25:
790:. Global Post. 27 February 2013
695:Jo Tuckman (27 February 2013).
660:de la Madrid, Ricardo Raphael.
187:President and General Secretary
36:needs additional citations for
878:. Macmillan. pp. 103–104.
764:(in Spanish). 26 February 2013
1:
849:. SNTE, Sección 18 Michoacán.
324:During the administration of
239:which represents teachers in
359:Elba Esther Gordillo Morales
273:in 1989. He was replaced by
847:El sindicalismo magisterial
378:National Action Party (PAN)
1041:
788:Agence France-Presse (AFP)
561:Holley-Kline, Sam (2022).
386:New Alliance Party (PANAL)
350:
874:Longmire, Sylvia (2011).
626:Warnock, John W. (1995).
341:Carlos Salinas de Gortari
140:
135:
128:
579:10.1215/00141801-9522189
380:as president within the
333:Carlos Jonguitud Barrios
845:Administrador. (2006).
662:"La caída de Jonguitud"
514:ni trabajan ni estudian
452:$ 3.1 million USD at a
299:Mexican Communist Party
271:Carlos Jongitud Barrios
200:Education International
1025:Education trade unions
1010:Trade unions in Mexico
372:After the election of
331:In 1974, SNTE elected
232:
394:2006 general election
926:www.wenceslao.com.mx
732:. 26 February 2013.
503:World Economic Forum
353:Elba Esther Gordillo
275:Elba Esther Gordillo
191:Alfonso Cepeda Salas
45:improve this article
729:The Huffington Post
542:Education in Mexico
446:Jesús Murillo Karam
390:Rafael Ochoa Guzmán
382:Alliance for Change
326:Adolfo Lopez Mateos
125:
1015:Politics of Mexico
922:"wenceslao.com.mx"
595:Organizing Dissent
410:Enrique Peña Nieto
639:978-1-55164-028-0
605:978-0-271-02590-2
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398:Felipe Calderón
396:contributed to
363:Ernesto Zedillo
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738:. Retrieved
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706:. Retrieved
702:The Guardian
700:
670:. Retrieved
668:(in Spanish)
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643:. Retrieved
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594:
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567:Ethnohistory
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524:Organisation
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
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768:27 February
740:27 February
708:27 February
461:Switzerland
374:Vicente Fox
256:corporatist
237:trade union
1004:Categories
819:2013-02-27
794:2013-02-27
672:2022-02-22
548:References
485:Objectives
430:embezzling
181:1.4million
71:newspapers
761:Univision
469:San Diego
402:Hummer H2
177:Members
984:115–150.
980:145-166.
734:Archived
536:See also
158:Location
376:of the
286:Origins
281:History
229:Spanish
206:Website
150:Founded
85:scholar
940:"SNTE"
904:"SNTE"
890:"SNTE"
645:31 May
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611:31 May
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422:Chanel
418:Hermès
265:charro
252:states
241:Mexico
166:Mexico
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666:Nexos
509:ninis
442:euros
434:pesos
92:JSTOR
78:books
908:SNTE
770:2013
742:2013
710:2013
647:2011
634:ISBN
613:2011
600:ISBN
501:. A
463:and
420:and
223:The
213:.org
211:snte
153:1943
124:SNTE
64:news
575:doi
438:USD
215:.mx
47:by
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