Singing - Knowledge (XXG)

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position will limit the capacity of the lungs, and a tense abdominal wall will inhibit the downward travel of the diaphragm. Good posture allows the breathing mechanism to fulfill its basic function efficiently without any undue expenditure of energy. Good posture also makes it easier to initiate phonation and to tune the resonators as proper alignment prevents unnecessary tension in the body. Vocal pedagogists have also noted that when singers assume good posture it often provides them with a greater sense of self-assurance and poise while performing. Audiences also tend to respond better to singers with good posture. Habitual good posture also ultimately improves the overall health of the body by enabling better blood circulation and preventing fatigue and stress on the body.

1124: 581:, singers' voices are divided solely on the basis of vocal range. Choral music most commonly divides vocal parts into high and low voices within each sex (SATB, or soprano, alto, tenor, and bass). As a result, the typical choral situation gives many opportunities for misclassification to occur. Since most people have medium voices, they must be assigned to a part that is either too high or too low for them; the mezzo-soprano must sing soprano or alto and the baritone must sing tenor or bass. Either option can present problems for the singer, but for most singers, there are fewer dangers in singing too low than in singing too high. 1259: 64: 1322:

vocal folds; the vocal folds affect breath control; and so forth. Vocal problems are often a result of a breakdown in one part of this coordinated process which causes voice teachers to frequently focus intensively on one area of the process with their student until that issue is resolved. However, some areas of the art of singing are so much the result of coordinated functions that it is hard to discuss them under a traditional heading like phonation, resonation, articulation, or respiration.

48: 1756:" which would not have enough projection and volume if done without a microphone. As well, pop singers who use microphones can do a range of other vocal styles that would not project without amplification, such as making whispering sounds, humming, and mixing half-sung and sung tones. As well, some performers use the microphone's response patterns to create effects, such as bringing the mic very close to the mouth to get an enhanced bass response, or, in the case of hip-hop 1947:, where the show's contestants compete to win cash prizes by correctly recalling song lyrics from a variety of genres. The show contrasts to many other music-based game shows in that artistic talent (such as the ability to sing or dance in an aesthetically pleasing way) is irrelevant to the contestants' chances of winning; in the words of one of their commercials prior to the first airing, "You don't have to sing it well; you just have to sing it right." In a similar vein, 1914:, the contestants audition in front of a panel of judges, however, the judges' chairs are faced towards the audience during the performance. If the coaches are interested in the artist, they will press their button signifying they want to coach them. Once the auditions conclude, coaches have their team of artists and the competition begins. Coaches then mentor their artists and they compete to find the best singer. Other well-known singing competitions include 1091:

chest. This is the register that people most commonly use while speaking. The middle voice falls in between the chest voice and head voice. The head register, or the head voice, is the highest of the main vocal registers. When singing in the head voice, the singer may feel sympathetic vibration occurring in the face or another part of the head. Where these registers lie in the voice is dependent on sex and the voice type within each sex.

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controversy. The development of voice categorizations were made with the understanding that the singer would be using classical vocal technique within a specified range using unamplified (no microphones) vocal production. Since contemporary musicians use different vocal techniques and microphones and are not forced to fit into a specific vocal role, applying such terms as soprano, tenor, baritone, etc. can be misleading or even inaccurate.

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studies have shown that vibrato is the result of a neuromuscular tremor in the vocal folds. In 1922 Max Schoen was the first to make the comparison of vibrato to a tremor due to change in amplitude, lack of automatic control and it being half the rate of normal muscular discharge. Some singers use vibrato as a means of expression. Many successful artists can sing a deep, rich vibrato.

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to sing their words, this can help train this area of the brain for speech. In support of this theory, Levitin asserts that "regional specificity", such as that for speech, "may be temporary, as the processing centers for important mental functions actually move to other regions after trauma or brain damage." Thus in the right hemisphere of the brain, the "singing center" may be

1264: 1263: 1260: 1265: 1079:"Voice scientists see registration primarily as acoustic events." For singers, it is more common to explain registration events based on the physical sensations they feel when singing. Titze also explains that there are discrepancies in the terminology used to talk about vocal registration between speech pathologists and singing teachers. Since this article discusses the 56: 1262: 804: 819:

usage acoustic authorities would question most of them. The main point to be drawn from these terms by a singer or speaker is that the result of resonation is, or should be, to make a better sound. There are seven areas that may be listed as possible vocal resonators. In sequence from the lowest within the body to the highest, these areas are the

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exercises have several purposes, including warming up the voice; extending the vocal range; "lining up" the voice horizontally and vertically; and acquiring vocal techniques such as legato, staccato, control of dynamics, rapid figurations, learning to sing wide intervals comfortably, singing trills, singing melismas and correcting vocal faults.

2268: 206: 1974:, and then shortly thereafter "speech and music probably diverge into separate processing circuits" (130). There is evidence that neural circuits used for music and language may start out in infants undifferentiated. There are several areas of the brain that are used for both language and music. For example, 1376:

laryngeal action, breath support, resonance adjustment, and articulatory movement) are effectively working together. Most vocal pedagogists believe in coordinating these processes by (1) establishing good vocal habits in the most comfortable tessitura of the voice, and then (2) slowly expanding the range.

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The speaking dialect or accent of a person may differ greatly from the general singing accent that a person uses while singing. When people sing, they generally use the accent or neutral accent that is used in the style of music they are singing in, rather than a regional accent or dialect; the style

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Contestants audition in front of a panel of judges to see if they can move on to the next round in Hollywood, from then, the competition begins. The field of contestants is narrowed down week by week until a winner is chosen. To move on to the next round, the contestants' fate is determined by a vote

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McKinney says, "These three factors can be expressed in three basic rules: (1) As you sing higher, you must use more energy; as you sing lower, you must use less. (2) As you sing higher, you must use more space; as you sing lower, you must use less. (3) As you sing higher, you must use more depth; as

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Learning to sing is an activity that benefits from the involvement of an instructor. A singer does not hear the same sounds inside his or her head that others hear outside. Therefore, having a guide who can tell a student what kinds of sounds he or she is producing guides a singer to understand which

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within the human body. Their names are derived from the area in which the singer feels these resonant vibration in the body. The chest register, more commonly referred to as the chest voice, is the lowest of the registers. When singing in the chest voice the singer feels sympathetic vibration in the

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is a technique in which a sustained note wavers very quickly and consistently between a higher and a lower pitch, giving the note a slight quaver. Vibrato is the pulse or wave in a sustained tone. Vibrato occurs naturally and is the result of proper breath support and a relaxed vocal apparatus. Some

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Natural breathing has three stages: a breathing-in period, breathing out period, and a resting or recovery period; these stages are not usually consciously controlled. Within singing, there are four stages of breathing: a breathing-in period (inhalation); a setting up controls period (suspension); a

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factor – "energy" has several connotations. It refers to the total response of the body to the making of sound; to a dynamic relationship between the breathing-in muscles and the breathing-out muscles known as the breath support mechanism; to the amount of breath pressure delivered to the vocal

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Singing is a skill that requires highly developed muscle reflexes. Singing does not require much muscle strength but it does require a high degree of muscle coordination. Individuals can develop their voices further through the careful and systematic practice of both songs and vocal exercises. Vocal

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register, which lie above their head register. Training is often required to access the pitches within these registers. Men and women with lower voices rarely sing in these registers. Lower-voiced women in particular receive very little if any training in the flageolet register. Men have one more

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has been used to describe perceptually distinct regions of vocal quality that can be maintained over some ranges of pitch and loudness." Discrepancies in terminology exist between different fields of vocal study, such as teachers and singers, researchers, and clinicians. As Marilee David points out,

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Singing has been shown to help stroke victims recover speech. According to neurologist Gottfried Schlaug, there is a corresponding area to that of speech, which resides in the left hemisphere, on the right side of the brain. This is casually known as the "singing center". By teaching stroke victims

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representatives, music directors, choir directors, nightclub managers, or concert promoters. A CD or DVD with excerpts of vocal performances is used to demonstrate a singer's skills. Some singers hire an agent or manager to help them to seek out paid engagements and other performance opportunities;

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or normal voice. Within other forms of singing, chest voice is often applied throughout the modal register. Chest timbre can add a wonderful array of sounds to a singer's vocal interpretive palette. However, the use of an overly strong chest voice in the higher registers in an attempt to hit higher

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today. Another current popular approach that is based on the bel canto model is to divide both men and women's voices into three registers. Men's voices are divided into "chest register", "head register", and "falsetto register" and woman's voices into "chest register", "middle register", and "head

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in oral and sign languages, as well as musical syntax and semantic aspects of language. Levitin recounts how in certain studies, "listening to music and attending its syntactic features", similar to the syntactic processes in language, activated this part of the brain. In addition, "musical syntax

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factor – "space" refers to the size of the inside of the mouth and the position of the palate and larynx. Generally speaking, a singer's mouth should be opened wider the higher he or she sings. The internal space or position of the soft palate and larynx can be widened by relaxing the throat.

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An important goal of vocal development is to learn to sing to the natural limits of one's vocal range without any obvious or distracting changes of quality or technique. Vocal pedagogists teach that a singer can only achieve this goal when all of the physical processes involved in singing (such as

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Once the voice student has become aware of the physical processes that make up the act of singing and of how those processes function, the student begins the task of trying to coordinate them. Inevitably, students and teachers will become more concerned with one area of the technique than another.

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Since singing is a coordinated act, it is difficult to discuss any of the individual technical areas and processes without relating them to others. For example, phonation only comes into perspective when it is connected with respiration; the articulators affect resonance; the resonators affect the

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Although these four processes are often considered separately when studied, in actual practice, they merge into one coordinated function. With an effective singer or speaker, one should rarely be reminded of the process involved as their mind and body are so coordinated that one only perceives the

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function that is unrelated to the physiology of the chest, lungs, and head. For this reason, many vocal pedagogists argue that it is meaningless to speak of registers being produced in the chest or head. They argue that the vibratory sensations which are felt in these areas are resonance phenomena

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and produces certain characteristic sounds. The occurrence of registers has also been attributed to the effects of the acoustic interaction between the vocal fold oscillation and the vocal tract. The term "register" can be somewhat confusing as it encompasses several aspects of the voice. The term

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The singing process functions best when certain physical conditions of the body are put in place. The ability to move air in and out of the body freely and to obtain the needed quantity of air can be seriously affected by the posture of the various parts of the breathing mechanism. A sunken chest

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is enhanced in timbre and/or intensity by the air-filled cavities through which it passes on its way to the outside air. Various terms related to the resonation process include amplification, enrichment, enlargement, improvement, intensification, and prolongation, although in strictly scientific

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Much research has been done recently on the link between music and language, especially singing. It is becoming increasingly clear that these two processes are very much alike, and yet also different. Levitin describes how, beginning with the eardrum, sound waves are translated into pitch, or a

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The salaries and working conditions for vocalists vary a great deal. While jobs in other music fields such as music education choir conductors tend to be based on full-time, salaried positions, singing jobs tend to be based on contracts for individual shows or performances, or for a sequence of

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area; or a specific vocal timbre. Head voice can be used in relation to a particular part of the vocal range or type of vocal register or a vocal resonance area. In Men, the head voice is commonly referred to as the falsetto. The transition from and combination of chest voice and head voice is

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of music and the popular center/region of the style has more influence on the singing accent of a person than where they come from. For example, in the English language, British singers of rock or popular music often sing in an American accent or neutral accent instead of an English accent.

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they sing, such as jazz, pop, blues, soul, country, folk, and rock styles. There is currently no authoritative voice classification system within non-classical music. Attempts have been made to adopt classical voice type terms to other forms of singing but such attempts have been met with

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to hone their skills, extend their range, and learn new styles. As well, aspiring singers need to gain specialized skills in the vocal techniques used to interpret songs, learn about the vocal literature from their chosen style of music, and gain skills in choral music techniques,

773:, the term vocal register has three constituent elements: a certain vibratory pattern of the vocal folds, a certain series of pitches, and a certain type of sound. Speech pathologists identify four vocal registers based on the physiology of laryngeal function: the 980:

over the term register. This view believes that the problems which people identify as register problems are really problems of resonance adjustment. This view is also in alignment with the views of other academic fields that study vocal registration including

1752:(amplifier and speakers) are used in almost all performance venues, even a small coffee house. The use of the microphone has had several impacts on popular music. For one, it facilitated the development of intimate, expressive singing styles such as " 880:. The use of these terms varies widely within vocal pedagogical circles and there is currently no one consistent opinion among vocal music professionals in regards to these terms. Chest voice can be used in relation to a particular part of the 1261: 1814:

Aspiring singers and vocalists must have musical skills, an excellent voice, the ability to work with people, and a sense of showmanship and drama. Additionally, singers need to have the ambition and drive to continually study and improve.

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have some form of vocal music and there are many long-standing singing traditions throughout the world's cultures. Music which employs singing but does not feature it prominently is generally considered instrumental music. For example, some

338:. Another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of laryngeal function are described as different kinds of 311:, but also due to the size and shape of the rest of that person's body. Humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and 1362:

Vocal pedagogists instruct their students to exercise their voices in an intelligent manner. Singers should be thinking constantly about the kind of sound they are making and the kind of sensations they are feeling while they are singing.

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referred to as vocal mix or vocal mixing in the singer's performance. Vocal mixing can be inflected in specific modalities of artists who may concentrate on smooth transitions between chest voice and head voice, and those who may use a

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These stages must be under conscious control by the singer until they become conditioned reflexes. Many singers abandon conscious controls before their reflexes are fully conditioned which ultimately leads to chronic vocal problems.

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The various processes may progress at different rates, with a resulting imbalance or lack of coordination. The areas of vocal technique which seem to depend most strongly on the student's ability to coordinate various functions are:

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The first recorded mention of the terms chest voice and head voice was around the 13th century when it was distinguished from the "throat voice" (pectoris, guttoris, capitis—at this time it is likely that head voice referred to the

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However, as knowledge of physiology has increased over the past two hundred years, so has the understanding of the physical process of singing and vocal production. As a result, many vocal pedagogists, such as Ralph Appelman at

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It has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds.

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Singing when done with proper vocal technique is an integrated and coordinated act that effectively coordinates the physical processes of singing. There are four physical processes involved in producing vocal sound:

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accompaniment, in which singing provides the main focus of the piece. Vocal music is probably the oldest form of music since it does not require any instrument or equipment besides the voice. All musical

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One difference between live performances in the popular and Classical genres is that whereas Classical performers often sing without amplification in small- to mid-size halls, in popular music, a

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factor – "depth" has two connotations. It refers to the actual physical sensations of depth in the body and vocal mechanism, and to mental concepts of depth that are related to tone quality.

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The contemporary use of the term chest voice often refers to a specific kind of vocal coloration or vocal timbre. In classical singing, its use is limited entirely to the lower part of the

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songs may have a short, simple call-and-response chorus, but the emphasis in the song is on the instrumental melodies and improvisation. Vocal music typically features sung words called

993:. Although both methods are still in use, current vocal pedagogical practice tends to adopt the newer more scientific view. Also, some vocal pedagogists take ideas from both viewpoints. 4015: 165:

Singing can be formal or informal, arranged, or improvised. It may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, as part of a ritual, during

3875: 331:, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individual's size and bone structure can affect the sound produced by an individual. 700:

function. They occur because the vocal folds are capable of producing several different vibratory patterns. Each of these vibratory patterns appears within a particular range of

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refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a particular series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the

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process (phonation is the process of producing vocal sound by the vibration of the vocal folds that is in turn modified by the resonance of the vocal tract)

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The three main registers, described as head, middle (mixed), and chest voice, are described as having a rich timbre, because of the overtones due to the

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Platte, S. L.; et al. (2024). "Breathing with the Conductor? A Prospective, Quasi-Experimental Exploration of Breathing Habits in Choral Singers".

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While some bands use backup singers who only sing when they are on stage, it is common for backup singers in popular music to have other roles. In many

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Every spoken language, natural or non-natural language has its own intrinsic musicality which affects singing by means of pitch, phrasing, and accent.

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Richard Miller, The Structure of Singing: System and Art in Vocal Technique (New York: Schirmer Books: A Division of Macmillan, Inc., 1986) 115-149.

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combines karaoke singing with a spelling bee-style competition, with the show featuring contestants trying to remember the lyrics to popular songs.

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to associate possible roles with potential voices. There are currently several different systems in use within classical music including the German

922:, the Italian opera singing method, where chest voice was identified as the lowest and head voice the highest of three vocal registers: the chest, 3457:

Richard Miller, The Structure of Singing: System and Art in Vocal Technique (New York: Schirmer Books: A Division of Macmillan, Inc., 1986) 125.

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Vocal music is written in many different forms and styles which are often labeled within a particular genre of music. These genres include

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However, most classical music systems acknowledge seven different major voice categories. Women are typically divided into three groups:

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on the amplified sound. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are nevertheless coordinated in the establishment of a

1553:, although there are notable examples of vocal music that are performed using non-linguistic syllables or noises, sometimes as musical 1034:, where a penetrating sound is accessible, but usually only through vocal training. The historic Italian school of singing describes a 2414: 1802:, the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones. 1767:

devices with recorded and live popular music vocals. Controversy has also arisen due to cases where pop singers have been found to be

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such as breaks and lifts within the voice. Other considerations are physical characteristics, speech level, scientific testing, and

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The sound of each individual's singing voice is entirely unique not only because of the actual shape and size of an individual's

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In its physical aspect, singing has a well-defined technique that depends on the use of the lungs, which act as an air supply or

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Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as

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to describe the sudden transition from chest voice to head voice for artistic reasons and enhancement of vocal performances.

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of a song. Backing vocalists sing some, but usually, not all, parts of the song often singing only in a song's refrain or

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of the internal sounds correspond to the desired sounds required by the style of singing the student aims to re-create.

951:, have redefined or even abandoned the use of the terms chest voice and head voice. In particular, the use of the terms 189:, although there are singers with crossover success (singing in more than one genre). Professional singers usually take 1983:... has been localized to ... areas adjacent to and overlapping with those regions that process speech syntax, such as 1867:

the agent or manager is often paid by receiving a percentage of the fees that the singer gets from performing onstage.

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groups, backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing. In some pop and hip hop groups and in

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or without accompaniment. Some types of rapping consist mostly or entirely of speech and chanting, like the Jamaican "

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and continues to develop and change today. Professions that practice the art and science of vocal pedagogy include

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is the study of the teaching of singing. The art and science of vocal pedagogy has a long history that began in

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Large, John W (February–March 1972). "Towards an integrated physiologic-acoustic theory of vocal registers".

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throughout the passaggio. Through proper training, it is possible to produce a resonant and powerful sound.

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of such genres. Within these larger genres are many subgenres. For example, popular music would encompass

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who write vocal music must have an understanding of the skills, talents, and vocal properties of singers.

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Lucero, Jorge C. (1996). "Chest‐ and falsetto‐like oscillations in a two‐mass model of the vocal folds".

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in the female voice. A major goal of classical voice training in classical styles is to maintain an even

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resulting unified function. Many vocal problems result from a lack of coordination within this process.

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Marilee David, The New Voice Pedagogy, 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2008) 59.

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Lucero, Jorge C.; Lourenço, Kélem G.; Hermant, Nicolas; Hirtum, Annemie Van; Pelorson, Xavier (2012).

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has been slow in adapting to more modern forms of singing. Voice classification is often used within

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Marilee David, The New Voice Pedagogy, 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2008) 63.

1991:." Both Broca's area and Wernicke's area are important steps in language processing and production. 531:

system and the choral music system among many others. No system is universally applied or accepted.

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to a pre-recorded recording of their vocal performance or, in the case of the controversial act

1725:– notes sung at a slightly lower pitch than that of the major scale for expressive purposes. In 47: 2742:

Shewan, Robert (January–February 1979). "Voice classification: An examination of methodology".

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notes in the chest can lead to forcing. Forcing can lead consequently to vocal deterioration.

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or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular

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and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the

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is the process by which human singing voices are evaluated and are thereby designated into

4259: 3172:"What is Chest Voice, Head Voice, and Mix?" by KO NAKAMURA. SWVS journal. MARCH 11, 2017. 2498: 2375: 1996: 1847: 1835: 1799: 1600: 1558: 1181: 1167: 1156: 969: 944: 889: 518: 502: 339: 265: 237: 182: 166: 143: 1984: 3792: 3507: 3087: 3069:"Effect of source–tract acoustical coupling on the oscillation onset of the vocal folds" 3000: 2696: 2683:

Lucero, Jorge C. (1995). "The minimum lung pressure to sustain vocal fold oscillation".

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There are three factors that significantly affect the ability to sing higher or lower:

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without having a basic understanding of the different vocal registers. In his book

346:; which has been shown to match particularly well to the most sensitive part of the 4354: 4319: 4314: 4211: 4105: 4100: 3334: 3212: 2272: 2199: 2184: 2135: 2095: 2057: 1934: 1916: 1676: 1640: 1635:, and several other genres. There may also be a subgenre within a subgenre such as 1608: 1554: 1495: 1483: 1388:

folds and their resistance to that pressure; and to the dynamic level of the sound.

1226: 1152: 840: 578: 571: 547: 498: 415: 3399:, Second Printing (Iowa City: National Center for Voice and Speech, 2000) 281. 3377:, Second Printing (Iowa City: National Center for Voice and Speech, 2000) 282. 1557:. A short piece of vocal music with lyrics is broadly termed a song, although, in 1229:

a blues ballads; for jazz singers, styles can include Swing ballads and scatting.

1018:) is a term used in classical singing to describe the transition area between the 3966: 2620: 4418: 4408: 4339: 4279: 4269: 4090: 2194: 2189: 2179: 1819: 1738: 1672: 1574: 1519: 1331: 1273: 1027: 990: 881: 877: 856: 750: 721: 710: 640: 589: 563: 494: 490: 308: 297: 194: 1579: 935:

technique used in singing to describe the resonance felt in the singer's head.

803: 4377: 4289: 4264: 4181: 4132: 4110: 4063: 3581: 2539: 2229: 2155: 2125: 2070: 1839: 1779: 1745: 1679: 1632: 1546: 1245: 1031: 860: 725: 693: 567: 375: 363: 342:. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the 186: 127: 115: 3637: 3240: 3103: 3045: 3016: 2755: 2712: 2524: 2415:"Vocalist | Definition of vocalist in US English by Oxford Dictionaries" 1026:(plural) of the voice lie between the different vocal registers, such as the 4324: 4299: 4216: 4201: 4016:

Singing and Health: A systematic mapping and review of non-clinical research

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while exhalation occurs without any effort. Exhalation may be aided by the

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Vocal pedagogists describe this as feeling like the "beginning of a yawn".

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bands, the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments, such as

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Vocal styles: for classical singers, this includes styles ranging from

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Developing consistent vocal production with a consistent tone quality

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apps. Singers market themselves to buyers of vocal talent, by doing

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music, where the lead is the highest of the five voices and sings a

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A region of the voice which is defined or delimited by vocal breaks.

517:. The science behind voice classification developed within European 205: 17: 562:. With regard to voices of pre-pubescent children, an eighth term, 4413: 4206: 4155: 4150: 2115: 1718: 1706: 1612: 1578: 1528: 1257: 1222: 1122: 932: 820: 802: 551: 522: 474: 420: 261: 249: 229: 204: 139: 87: 83: 80: 62: 54: 46: 30:"Sing", "Singer", and "Vocals" redirect here. For other uses, see 3822:

Loui, Psyche; Wan, Catherine Y.; Schlaug, Gottfried (July 2010).

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controlled exhalation period (phonation); and a recovery period.

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and physiology as it relates to the physical process of singing

527: 312: 232:, head cavities and the skeleton, which have the function of an 151: 119: 111: 103: 4024: 280:

and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of

2006: 1775:, lip-syncing to tracks recorded by other uncredited singers. 931:

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This is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession

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The head voice and other problems: Practical talks on singing

2673:, by Karl S. Kruszelnicki, ABC Science, News in Science, 2002 2390:"VOCALIST – meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary" 1531:

performed by one or more singers, which are typically called

972:, not to registers. These vocal pedagogists prefer the terms 584:

Within contemporary forms of music (sometimes referred to as

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Hunter, Eric J; Švec, Jan G; Titze, Ingo R (December 2006).

926:, and head registers. This approach is still taught by some 146:

or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in

4020: 1881:

There are several television shows that showcase singing.

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A blend of chest and head voice on every note of the range

696:, and possessing the same quality. Registers originate in 1887:

was launched in 2002. The first singing reality show was

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There are eight components of the ideal singing posture:

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The articulators shape the sound into recognizable units

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Vocal pedagogy concepts are a part of developing proper

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subgenres, vocal styles can include techniques such as

1310:

The vocal resonators receive the sound and influence it

705:

3720: 789:. This view is also adopted by many vocal pedagogues. 3582:"10 Singing Techniques to Improve Your Singing Voice" 2952:

The science of vocal pedagogy: theory and application

2256: 162:. Many styles of singing exist throughout the world. 4401: 4363: 4247: 4174: 4143: 4056: 2844:. Nashville, TN: Genovex Music Group. p. 213. 2443:music guides. London: MacDonald Young. p. 26. 1910:is another singing competition program. Similar to 1297:. These processes occur in the following sequence: 90:. A person whose profession is singing is called a 3713:"National Association for Music Education (NAfME)" 3338: 2544:"Overlap of hearing and voicing ranges in singing" 1005:Vocal registers: General discussion of transitions 3762: 3760: 3222:The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians 2835: 2345:"The American Heritage Dictionary entry: singing" 1978:, which has been implicated in the processing of 1830:Some singers learn other music jobs, such as the 1482:include rapping, screaming, growling, overtones, 493:. These qualities include but are not limited to 3600:"Is it good to take natural cough syrup to sing" 3076:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2989:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2685:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1941:A different example of a singing competition is 1693:Popular music includes a range of vocal styles. 1170:. Typical areas of study include the following: 3225:. Vol. 6: Edmund to Fryklunde. Macmillan. 2873:Smith, Brenda; Thayer Sataloff, Robert (2005). 2343:Company, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. 1655:, a lead singer performs the primary vocals or 3991:A Dictionary of Vocal Terminology: an Analysis 713:such as the upper, middle, or lower registers. 27:Act of producing musical sounds with the voice 4036: 3876:"Rock 'n' roll best sung in American accents" 3492:Titze Ingo R (2008). "The human instrument". 1675:in the background. An exception is five-part 1535:, and which may be performed with or without 1094:There are an additional two registers called 814:is the process by which the basic product of 670: 450: 8: 3691:. University of Toronto Press. p. 139. 2842:The diagnosis and correction of vocal faults 968:and should be described in terms related to 963:is more commonly seen today as a product of 546:. Men are usually divided into four groups: 3993:. New York: J. Patelson Music House, 1983. 2945: 2943: 2941: 1827:and memorizing songs, and vocal exercises. 1583:A trio of female singers performing at the 368:Voice classification in non-classical music 4043: 4029: 4021: 3666:Fulford, Phyllis; Miller, Michael (2003). 2909:Vocal workouts for the contemporary singer 1818:Professional singers continue to seek out 1737:, shouts, and unusual sounds such as the " 677: 663: 610: 457: 443: 371: 3850: 3617:Sundberg, Johan (January–February 1993). 2628: 2564: 2492: 2490: 2488: 3909:"Why Do British Singers Sound American?" 3415:. New York, NY: Schirmer Books. p. 2777: 2775: 2773: 1066:One cannot adequately discuss the vocal 2285: 2263: 613: 407: 381: 374: 300:. With the lips closed, this is called 3688:Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy 2784:Bel Canto: A history of vocal pedagogy 2503:Singing: the mechanism and the technic 2371: 2361: 2053:List of multilingual bands and artists 1225:; for pop singers, styles can include 918:. The terms were later adopted within 3803:from the original on 17 December 2018 3668:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Singing 2319:"Definition of sing | Dictionary.com" 1427:Legs straight but knees slightly bent 1187:Breathing and air support for singing 1013: 7: 2877:. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing. 1408:you sing lower, you must use less." 3907:Anderson, L.V. (19 November 2012). 3619:"Breathing behavior during singing" 3345:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1721:singing is based on the use of the 3940:The Performing World of the Singer 3874:Alleyne, Richard (2 August 2010). 3397:The Principles of Voice Production 3375:The Principles of Voice Production 2912:. Boston: Berklee Press. pp. 2652:Titze, I. R. (23 September 1995). 1340:Developing flexibility and agility 1232:Techniques used in styles such as 1072:The Principles of Voice Production 807:Cross-section of the head and neck 25: 3793:"Singing 'rewires' damaged brain" 3655:from the original on 29 May 2019. 3516:10.1038/scientificamerican0108-94 3186:Mariah Carey revisited: her story 1240:, range extension, tone quality, 1163:, and other teachers of singing. 949:University of Southern California 588:), singers are classified by the 574:to differentiate between voices. 2266: 2010: 959:have become controversial since 3254:Clippinger, David Alva (1917). 2950:Appelman, Dudley Ralph (1986). 1667:who sings backup vocals or the 1103:additional register called the 1074:, Ingo Titze states, "The term 1062:Vocal registers and transitions 3719:. 29 June 2017. Archived from 3540:Principles of voice production 3341:The Oxford dictionary of opera 2478:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 1790:, electric bass, or drums. In 193:provided by voice teachers or 134:. Singing is often done in an 1: 3580:Ramsey, Matt (24 June 2020). 1842:. Some singers put videos on 1647:Popular and traditional music 1131: 757:is a language which combines 586:contemporary commercial music 3967:10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.07.020 3136:; Mathieson, Lesley (2001). 2621:10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.009 1709:in a rhythmic speech over a 1450:Breathing and breath support 1445:Head facing straight forward 1430:Hips facing straight forward 1354:Developing the singing voice 3767:Levitin, Daniel J. (2006). 3743:"Contestants on Saregamapa" 3138:The voice and its disorders 2788:University of Toronto Press 1504:sound reinforcement systems 290:sternocleidomastoid muscles 4469: 4388:Sound reinforcement system 4248:Concepts · Techniques 4011:A Brief History of Singing 3472:World History Encyclopedia 2840:McKinney, James C (1994). 1874: 1572: 1517: 1304:Sound is initiated in the 1116: 854: 851:Chest voice and head voice 796: 600: 477:, voices are treated like 361: 244:, which together with the 197:throughout their careers. 110:). Singers perform music ( 29: 1480:Extended vocal techniques 1439:Chest comfortably forward 709:A particular part of the 142:. Singers may perform as 122:, etc.) that can be sung 3412:The Structure of Singing 3409:Miller, Richard (1986). 2956:Indiana University Press 2394:Dictionary.cambridge.org 1999:to help produce speech. 1944:Don't Forget the Lyrics! 1475:Extended vocal technique 1334:to its maximum potential 1046:in the male voice and a 471:European classical music 138:of musicians, such as a 71:(Frans Hals, about 1628) 3303:Oxford University Press 3184:Nickson, Chris (1998), 2298:www.merriam-webster.com 2294:"Definition of SINGING" 1442:Shoulders down and back 901:History and development 511:vocal transition points 79:is the act of creating 40:Vocals (disambiguation) 36:Singer (disambiguation) 3335:Warrack, John Hamilton 2906:Peckham, Anne (2005). 1588: 1277: 1137: 1011:Italian pronunciation: 876:are terms used within 808: 315:, the position of the 256:articulate and impose 209: 73: 60: 52: 3685:Stark, James (2003). 3537:Titze Ingo R (1994). 3468:"Ancient Greek Music" 3337:; West, Ewan (1992). 3299:Solutions for singers 3142:John Wiley & Sons 3134:Margaret C. L. Greene 2782:Stark, James (2003). 1582: 1569:Genres of vocal music 1510:among other devices. 1371:Extending vocal range 1343:Achieving a balanced 1268: 1157:vocal music educators 1126: 1088:sympathetic resonance 912:Johannes de Garlandia 806: 282:external intercostals 208: 128:without accompaniment 66: 58: 50: 32:Sing (disambiguation) 4448:Occupations in music 4175:Voice classification 3799:. 21 February 2010. 1965:Neurological aspects 1957:Singing and language 1923:America's Got Talent 1871:Singing competitions 1565:are typically used. 1211:Voice classification 1042:connected through a 1015:[pasˈsaddʒo] 487:Voice classification 358:Vocal classification 350:'s frequency range. 296:is altered with the 278:internal intercostal 177:around one specific 4239:Non-classical music 4144:Forms · Genres 3881:The Daily Telegraph 3771:. New York: Plume. 3586:Ramsey Voice Studio 3508:2008SciAm.298a..94T 3495:Scientific American 3088:2012ASAJ..132..403L 3001:1996ASAJ..100.3355L 2954:. Bloomington, IN: 2697:1995ASAJ...98..779L 2654:"What's in a voice" 2584:on 22 December 2010 2091:Chiaroscuro (music) 2003:Accents and singing 1651:In many modern pop 1424:Feet slightly apart 479:musical instruments 236:, as the tube in a 132:musical instruments 4074:Extended technique 3190:St. Martin's Press 2552:Journal of Singing 2507:Carl Fischer Music 2421:on 2 October 2018. 2374:has generic name ( 2323:www.dictionary.com 2022:. You can help by 1663:, as opposed to a 1589: 1500:vocal fry register 1278: 1205:Vocal registration 1184:related to singing 1138: 1128:Ercole de' Roberti 961:vocal registration 941:Indiana University 809: 775:vocal fry register 690:Vocal registration 603:Vocal registration 597:Vocal registration 515:vocal registration 220:, which acts as a 210: 156:symphony orchestra 74: 61: 53: 4453:Music performance 4427: 4426: 3989:Reid, Cornelius. 3938:Blackwood, Alan. 3843:10.1121/1.3488666 3778:978-0-452-28852-2 3698:978-0-8020-8614-3 3561:on 2 January 2011 3554:978-0-13-717893-3 3352:978-0-19-869164-8 3312:978-0-19-516005-5 3280:Project Gutenberg 3232:978-1-56159-174-9 3199:978-0-312-19512-0 3151:978-1-86156-196-1 3096:10.1121/1.4728170 3033:The NATS Bulletin 2965:978-0-253-35110-4 2923:978-0-87639-047-4 2884:978-1-59756-043-6 2851:978-1-56593-940-0 2797:978-0-8020-8614-3 2744:The NATS Bulletin 2671:Speak and Choke 1 2516:978-0-8258-0055-9 2450:978-0-356-09099-3 2251:-acylethanolamine 2225:Screaming (music) 2131:Singer-songwriter 2040: 2039: 1877:Music competition 1266: 1180:Vocal health and 1052:secondo passaggio 1044:zona di passaggio 1040:secondo passaggio 928:vocal pedagogists 916:Jerome of Moravia 910:) by the writers 908:falsetto register 783:falsetto register 755:register language 687: 686: 654: 623: 467: 466: 16:(Redirected from 4460: 4383:Pitch correction 4350:Vocal resonation 4128:Vocal percussion 4084:Overtone singing 4069:Bathroom singing 4045: 4038: 4031: 4022: 3986: 3955:Journal of Voice 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3888:on 6 August 2010 3884:. Archived from 3871: 3865: 3864: 3854: 3828: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3723:on 20 April 2012 3709: 3703: 3702: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3626:The NATS Journal 3623: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3557:. Archived from 3534: 3528: 3527: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3406: 3400: 3395:Ingo R. Titze, 3393: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3373:Ingo R. Titze, 3371: 3365: 3364: 3344: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3269: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3181: 3175: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3140:(6th ed.). 3130: 3124: 3123: 3073: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3009:10.1121/1.416976 2995:(5): 3355–3359. 2984: 2978: 2977: 2947: 2936: 2935: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2837: 2810: 2809: 2779: 2768: 2767: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2705:10.1121/1.414354 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2632: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2583: 2577:. Archived from 2568: 2548: 2538:Hunter, Eric J; 2535: 2529: 2528: 2499:Vennard, William 2494: 2483: 2482: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2417:. Archived from 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2349:ahdictionary.com 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2290: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2262: 2151:Voice projection 2121:Overtone singing 2035: 2032: 2014: 2007: 1976:Brodmann area 47 1897:in 1995. At the 1765:pitch correction 1561:, terms such as 1267: 1200:Voice projection 1196:Vocal resonation 1153:choral directors 1136: 1133: 1017: 1012: 983:speech pathology 812:Vocal resonation 799:Vocal resonation 793:Vocal resonation 787:whistle register 771:speech pathology 742:or vocal "color" 738:A certain vocal 679: 672: 665: 652: 621: 611: 459: 452: 445: 372: 344:singer's formant 336:vocal resonation 59:Children's choir 51:Singing children 21: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4397: 4393:Monitor speaker 4366:(popular music) 4365: 4364:Sound equipment 4359: 4243: 4170: 4139: 4052: 4049: 4007: 3952: 3935: 3933:Further reading 3930: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3831:Acoustics Today 3826: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3766: 3765: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3745:. 10 March 2016 3741: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3621: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3555: 3547:. p. 354. 3536: 3535: 3531: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3372: 3368: 3353: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3313: 3305:. p. 286. 3295:Miller, Richard 3293: 3292: 3288: 3272: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3233: 3219:, eds. (1980). 3211: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3152: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3071: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3029: 3028: 3024: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2966: 2958:. p. 434. 2949: 2948: 2939: 2924: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2885: 2875:Choral pedagogy 2872: 2871: 2867: 2852: 2839: 2838: 2813: 2798: 2781: 2780: 2771: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2546: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2517: 2497: 2495: 2486: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2451: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2370: 2360: 2353: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2257: 2244: 2239: 2175: 2170: 2066: 2049: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2020:needs expansion 2005: 1989:Wernicke's area 1967: 1959: 1950:The Singing Bee 1879: 1873: 1836:music producing 1808: 1800:musical theater 1649: 1601:religious music 1577: 1571: 1559:classical music 1522: 1516: 1477: 1465: 1452: 1414: 1373: 1356: 1301:Breath is taken 1258: 1256: 1254:Vocal technique 1182:voice disorders 1168:vocal technique 1161:opera directors 1134: 1121: 1115: 1064: 1048:primo passaggio 1036:primo passaggio 1020:vocal registers 1010: 1007: 970:vocal resonance 945:William Vennard 903: 890:vocal resonance 867: 855:Main articles: 853: 801: 795: 769:system. Within 683: 651: 615:Vocal registers 609: 601:Main articles: 599: 519:classical music 503:vocal tessitura 463: 370: 362:Main articles: 360: 340:vocal registers 266:vocal technique 238:wind instrument 203: 167:music education 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4466: 4464: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4435: 4434: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4373:In-ear monitor 4369: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4345:Vocal register 4342: 4337: 4335:Vocal pedagogy 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4079:Throat singing 4071: 4066: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4005:External links 4003: 4002: 4001: 3987: 3961:(1): 152–160. 3950: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3899: 3866: 3814: 3784: 3777: 3756: 3734: 3704: 3697: 3677: 3658: 3632:: 2–9, 49–51. 3609: 3591: 3572: 3553: 3529: 3484: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3432: 3425: 3401: 3388: 3379: 3366: 3351: 3326: 3311: 3286: 3284: 3283: 3246: 3231: 3217:Sadie, Stanley 3204: 3198: 3192:, p. 32, 3176: 3165: 3150: 3125: 3082:(1): 403–411. 3059: 3022: 2979: 2964: 2937: 2922: 2898: 2883: 2865: 2850: 2811: 2796: 2769: 2734: 2691:(2): 779–784. 2675: 2663: 2644: 2615:(4): 513–526. 2595: 2559:(4): 387–392. 2530: 2515: 2484: 2464: 2449: 2441:Yehudi Menuhin 2435:, ed. (1983). 2433:Falkner, Keith 2424: 2406: 2381: 2335: 2310: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2255: 2254: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2146:Voice pedagogy 2143: 2141:Throat singing 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2048: 2045: 2038: 2037: 2017: 2015: 2004: 2001: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1890:Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 1872: 1869: 1860:record company 1856:music director 1854:in front of a 1820:vocal coaching 1807: 1804: 1665:backing singer 1653:musical groups 1648: 1645: 1625:easy listening 1573:Main article: 1570: 1567: 1518:Main article: 1515: 1512: 1476: 1473: 1464: 1461: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1413: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1397: 1389: 1372: 1369: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1330:Extending the 1315: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1302: 1255: 1252: 1251: 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4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4255:Backup vocals 4253: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4222:Mezzo-soprano 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4192:Bass-baritone 4190: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057:Singing types 4055: 4046: 4041: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3999:0-915282-07-0 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3948:0-241-10588-9 3945: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3900: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3818: 3815: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3700: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3681: 3678: 3674:. p. 64. 3673: 3672:Penguin Books 3669: 3662: 3659: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3573: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3545:Prentice Hall 3542: 3541: 3533: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3502:(1): 94–101. 3501: 3497: 3496: 3488: 3485: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3262:Oliver Ditson 3259: 3258: 3250: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3213:Grove, George 3208: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3169: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3070: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2902: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2659: 2658:New Scientist 2655: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2599: 2596: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2540:Titze, Ingo R 2534: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2377: 2365: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2336: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2210:Lead vocalist 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2106:Group singing 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2034: 2025: 2021: 2018:This section 2016: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1972:tonotopic map 1964: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1912:American Idol 1909: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1900:American Idol 1896: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1884:American Idol 1878: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1825:sight singing 1821: 1816: 1812: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788:rhythm guitar 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1773:Milli Vanilli 1770: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1731:hardcore punk 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1621:country music 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605:secular music 1602: 1598: 1594: 1593:popular music 1586: 1581: 1576: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1433:Spine aligned 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1411: 1409: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1276:while singing 1275: 1271: 1270:Real-time MRI 1253: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149:vocal coaches 1146: 1142: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1004: 1002: 999: 994: 992: 988: 984: 979: 975: 971: 966: 962: 958: 957:head register 954: 950: 946: 942: 936: 934: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 900: 898: 896: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 866: 862: 858: 850: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 825:tracheal tree 822: 817: 813: 805: 800: 792: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 744: 741: 737: 734: 730: 727: 723: 720:area such as 719: 715: 712: 708: 707: 706: 703: 699: 695: 691: 680: 675: 673: 668: 666: 661: 660: 658: 657: 648: 644: 642: 638: 636: 632: 630: 626: 625: 620: 619: 616: 612: 608: 604: 596: 594: 591: 587: 582: 580: 575: 573: 570:facility and 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 540:mezzo-soprano 537: 532: 530: 529: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 460: 455: 453: 448: 446: 441: 440: 438: 437: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 413: 412: 411: 406: 401: 398: 396: 395:Mezzo-soprano 393: 391: 388: 387: 386: 385: 380: 377: 373: 369: 365: 357: 355: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 240:; and on the 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 207: 200: 198: 196: 195:vocal coaches 192: 188: 184: 180: 179:musical genre 176: 172: 168: 163: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 108:popular music 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 82: 78: 72: 70: 65: 57: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4429: 4355:Vocal weight 4320:Sprechgesang 4315:Scat singing 4212:Countertenor 4106:Sign singing 4101:Scat singing 3990: 3958: 3954: 3939: 3918:. Retrieved 3912: 3902: 3890:. Retrieved 3886:the original 3879: 3869: 3837:(3): 28–36. 3834: 3830: 3817: 3805:. Retrieved 3796: 3787: 3768: 3747:. Retrieved 3737: 3725:. Retrieved 3721:the original 3716: 3707: 3687: 3680: 3667: 3661: 3629: 3625: 3612: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3575: 3563:. Retrieved 3559:the original 3539: 3532: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3475:. Retrieved 3471: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3435: 3411: 3404: 3396: 3391: 3382: 3374: 3369: 3340: 3329: 3298: 3289: 3273: 3256: 3249: 3221: 3207: 3185: 3179: 3168: 3137: 3128: 3079: 3075: 3062: 3037: 3031: 3025: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2951: 2908: 2901: 2874: 2868: 2841: 2783: 2750:(3): 17–27. 2747: 2743: 2737: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2666: 2657: 2647: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2586:. Retrieved 2579:the original 2556: 2550: 2533: 2505:. New York: 2502: 2476: 2467: 2436: 2427: 2419:the original 2409: 2397:. Retrieved 2393: 2384: 2352:. Retrieved 2348: 2338: 2326:. Retrieved 2322: 2313: 2301:. Retrieved 2297: 2288: 2248: 2200:Isicathamiya 2185:Belt (music) 2136:Sprechgesang 2096:Choral music 2058:Sign singing 2041: 2031:January 2013 2028: 2024:adding to it 2019: 1993: 1985:Broca's area 1968: 1960: 1948: 1942: 1940: 1935:The Sing-Off 1933: 1927: 1921: 1917:The X Factor 1915: 1911: 1905: 1904:by viewers. 1898: 1893:launched by 1888: 1882: 1880: 1829: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1777: 1743: 1705:delivery of 1692: 1686:and not the 1650: 1641:scat singing 1590: 1585:Berwald Hall 1555:onomatopoeia 1537:instrumental 1524: 1523: 1478: 1466: 1457: 1453: 1436:Abdomen flat 1419: 1415: 1406: 1400: 1392: 1384: 1378: 1374: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1295:articulation 1279: 1227:"belted out" 1165: 1140: 1139: 1105: 1093: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1023: 1008: 995: 977: 973: 956: 952: 937: 904: 873: 869: 868: 841:nasal cavity 831:itself, the 811: 810: 767:phonological 754: 748: 689: 688: 645: 639: 633: 627: 583: 579:choral music 576: 572:vocal weight 548:countertenor 533: 526: 499:vocal weight 486: 468: 416:Countertenor 352: 333: 306: 211: 164: 99: 95: 91: 76: 75: 69:Girl Singing 68: 44: 4419:Vocal coach 4409:Vocal music 4340:Vocal range 4295:Lead vocals 4280:Death growl 4270:Chest voice 4091:Oversinging 2786:. Toronto: 2496:polka dots 2372:|last= 2190:Death growl 2180:Beat boxing 2173:Other music 1929:Rising Star 1840:songwriting 1769:lip-syncing 1739:death growl 1727:heavy metal 1575:Music genre 1525:Vocal music 1520:Vocal music 1514:Vocal music 1332:vocal range 1283:respiration 1274:vocal tract 1135: 1490 1130:: Concert, 1028:chest voice 1009:Passaggio ( 991:linguistics 974:chest voice 884:or type of 882:vocal range 878:vocal music 870:Chest voice 857:Chest voice 837:oral cavity 751:linguistics 722:chest voice 711:vocal range 694:vocal folds 495:vocal range 491:voice types 309:vocal cords 298:vocal cords 152:jazz styles 116:recitatives 4437:Categories 4378:Microphone 4290:Head voice 4265:Coloratura 4182:Voice type 4133:Beatboxing 4111:Sing-along 4064:A cappella 3807:6 December 3426:002872660X 3301:. Oxford: 3264:. p. 2399:30 January 2354:18 January 2328:18 January 2303:18 January 2280:References 2242:Physiology 2230:Songwriter 2156:Voice type 2126:Recitative 2071:A cappella 1875:See also: 1796:Afro-Cuban 1758:beatboxers 1746:microphone 1723:blue notes 1680:a cappella 1633:rock music 1547:blues rock 1291:resonation 1246:coloratura 1032:head voice 978:head voice 874:head voice 861:Head voice 843:, and the 785:, and the 761:and vowel 726:head voice 568:coloratura 376:Voice type 364:Voice type 323:, volume ( 258:consonants 181:, such as 154:) up to a 4325:Tessitura 4300:Passaggio 4217:Contralto 4202:Baritenor 3983:237608913 3920:9 January 3892:9 January 3638:0884-8106 3241:191123244 3104:0001-4966 3046:0884-8106 3040:: 30–35. 3017:0001-4966 2756:0884-8106 2713:0001-4966 2588:2 January 2525:248006248 2473:"Singing" 2166:Winsingad 2081:Bel canto 2064:Art music 1997:retrained 1907:The Voice 1852:auditions 1848:streaming 1832:composing 1762:Auto-Tune 1750:PA system 1643:in jazz. 1597:art music 1508:Auto-Tune 1498:, use of 1287:phonation 1234:sostenuto 1191:Phonation 1106:strohbass 1100:flageolet 1081:passaggio 1068:passaggio 987:phonetics 965:laryngeal 920:bel canto 816:phonation 763:phonation 733:phonatory 718:resonance 698:laryngeal 647:Vocal fry 544:contralto 483:Composers 400:Contralto 274:abdominal 270:diaphragm 234:amplifier 228:; on the 216:; on the 183:classical 148:art songs 86:with the 4285:Falsetto 4275:Crooning 4197:Baritone 4166:Vocables 4121:Lip sync 3975:34551860 3861:21804770 3801:Archived 3797:BBC News 3717:Menc.org 3650:Archived 3646:16072337 3524:18225701 3361:25409395 3321:51258100 3297:(2004). 3160:47831173 3120:29954321 3112:22779487 3054:16072337 2974:13083085 2932:60826564 2893:64198260 2860:30786430 2806:53795639 2764:16072337 2729:24053484 2660:: 38–42. 2639:16325373 2575:19844607 2542:(2004). 2501:(1967). 2459:10418423 2364:cite web 2161:Yodeling 2111:Musician 2047:See also 1754:crooning 1715:toasting 1703:rhythmic 1637:vocalese 1542:cultures 1502:, using 1492:yodeling 1488:falsetto 1096:falsetto 1076:register 1024:passaggi 924:passagio 865:Passagio 635:Falsetto 607:Passagio 556:baritone 505:, vocal 426:Baritone 325:loudness 286:scalenes 226:vibrator 171:practice 160:big band 150:or some 144:soloists 136:ensemble 100:vocalist 4443:Singing 4310:Rapping 4305:Quintus 4260:Belting 4227:Soprano 4116:Karaoke 4096:Rapping 4051:Singing 3852:3145418 3727:22 July 3604:VisiHow 3565:20 June 3504:Bibcode 3477:19 June 3275:Singing 3084:Bibcode 2997:Bibcode 2721:7642816 2693:Bibcode 2630:4782147 2609:J Voice 2566:2763406 2235:Vocoder 2220:Rapping 2205:Kulning 2195:Humming 2086:Chanson 1864:A&R 1844:YouTube 1811:shows. 1806:Careers 1735:screams 1699:rapping 1695:Hip hop 1684:descant 1673:humming 1669:harmony 1629:hip hop 1609:fusions 1587:in 2016 1496:belting 1484:sliding 1468:Vibrato 1463:Vibrato 1412:Posture 1345:vibrato 1242:vibrato 1175:Anatomy 1022:. 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