75:
218:
50:
31:
665:
423:, and may include other food materials, such as horsetails or lupines. The voles begin to construct the stacks around August, and by the winter, they may have reached considerable size, with piles of up to 50 centimetres (20 in) in height having been reported. The piles are a source of nutritious food through the winter, although they are liable to be raided by other animals.
653:
438:
Singing voles breed from May to
September, and each female can give birth to up to three litters in a breeding season. Gestation lasts 21 days, and typically results in the birth of eight young, although litters of between 6 and 14 young have been reported. Since, like other voles, the female has
403:
Singing voles are at least semi-colonial animals, sharing burrows between family groups. They are active throughout the day, with no clear preference for sunlight or night time. They make runways through the surface growth, connecting feeding grounds to burrow entrances, although these are not as
407:
The burrows consist of a number of chambers, many of them used to store food for the winter, connected by very narrow passages. These passages, typically around 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) wide, make it difficult for any animal larger than a vole to pass through, and thus help protect against
268:
Adult singing voles range from 9 to 16 centimetres (3.5 to 6.3 in) in length, not counting the short, 1.5 to 4 centimetres (0.59 to 1.57 in), tail. They can weigh anything from 11 to 60 grams (0.39 to 2.12 oz), depending on their exact age and recent diet. There is no significant
260:
Singing voles have short ears, often concealed by their long fur, and a short tail. The fur is soft and dense, especially in winter. They vary in color from pale tawny to pale grey, with buff-colored patches running from the undersides of the ears along the flanks to the rump, and buff or ochre
419:, underground, singing voles also often leave stacks of grasses out on rocks to dry. Often, these stacks are instead constructed on low-lying branches, or on exposed tree roots, helping to keep them dry. The stacks of grasses slowly dry out, producing
450:
at around four weeks, by which time the mother is often ready to produce a new litter. Although females generally do not reproduce until their second year, males may be sexually active within as little as a month of birth.
265:, but these are so sparse that have little effect on the visible coloration of the animal. The fur is greyer in color during the winter. The paws have sharp, narrow claws, which are largely hidden by fur.
454:
In the wild, many singing voles do not survive even their first winter. In captivity, they have been reported to live for up to 112 weeks, although the median lifespan is only 43 weeks.
351:. They avoid the most extreme environments within these regions, preferring open, well-drained slopes and rock flats with abundant shrubs and sedges. They feed on arctic plants such as
412:. The burrows run horizontally, no more than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) below ground level, and can extend for as far as 1 metre (3.3 ft) from the tunnel entrance.
288:
Singing voles can be distinguished from other neighboring vole species by their shorter tails and the color of their underparts (other local voles have grey underparts).
3325:
3135:
3320:
3213:
3280:
296:
Singing voles are native to Alaska and north-western Canada. They are found from the western coasts, across southern and northern Alaska, but avoid the
3109:
3148:
558:
Mammal
Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
3305:
697:
634:
Morrison P., Dieterich R., Preston D. 1977b. Longevity and mortality in 15 rodent species and subspecies maintained in laboratory colonies.
3315:
1929:
486:, which is found only on two small islands off the west coast of Alaska, and probably diverged as those islands were cut off from the
446:
The young weigh 2 to 2.8 grams (0.071 to 0.099 oz) at birth, and grow rapidly during the first three weeks of life. They are
3174:
1938:
482:, which was then probably similar in climate to present-day Alaska. The closest living relative of the Singing Vole today is the
3295:
3192:
3153:
2404:
2103:
478:, singing voles may have been much more widely distributed than today, and fossils have been reported from as far south as
2671:
3290:
2229:
1920:
1597:
1391:
3187:
3300:
3218:
2350:
1720:
1670:
657:
2920:
2644:
2601:
2451:
1956:
1902:
1790:
1780:
690:
74:
3310:
2741:
2723:
2680:
2653:
2368:
2027:
2386:
2635:
2565:
1911:
1373:
801:
3023:
2574:
2538:
2220:
2211:
2344:
1189:
1147:
3252:
2998:
2395:
2094:
195:
179:
1445:
1261:
1005:
910:
3096:
3070:
3061:
2961:
2952:
2796:
2750:
2556:
2377:
2359:
2294:
2285:
1747:
1738:
1679:
1409:
1400:
1340:
1198:
901:
683:
669:
1427:
1364:
987:
928:
792:
301:
39:
3205:
2465:
2036:
2018:
1811:
1729:
1355:
1346:
1279:
996:
810:
540:
536:
463:
69:
2427:
1510:
3257:
3140:
3285:
3239:
3083:
2902:
2202:
1557:
1539:
1288:
1180:
300:, the central regions, and much of the northern coast. In the east, they reach as far as the
3244:
2875:
2857:
2471:
2442:
2413:
2118:
2045:
1893:
1643:
1474:
1418:
1382:
1070:
847:
743:
602:
297:
269:
difference in size or coloration between the two sexes. Male singing voles possess modified
3166:
3226:
2592:
2312:
1871:
1625:
1530:
1436:
892:
675:
427:
404:
clear as those made by some other vole species. They also sometimes forage in low bushes.
319:
270:
2759:
2547:
1853:
1820:
1756:
874:
3075:
2979:
2193:
2127:
2009:
1947:
1610:
1317:
1207:
1162:
1112:
1037:
919:
545:
Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
308:, aside from the northern coasts, and in border regions of the neighboring provinces.
3274:
3161:
2911:
2616:
2583:
1844:
1548:
1492:
1234:
1088:
955:
517:
241:
59:
54:
30:
3088:
2989:
2935:
2689:
2433:
2253:
2184:
2167:
1802:
1652:
1616:
1577:
1483:
1326:
1302:
1243:
1216:
1079:
1061:
838:
483:
217:
623:
Miscellaneous
Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas
3200:
3179:
3122:
3055:
2268:
1974:
1591:
1501:
1308:
1270:
1252:
1225:
1171:
1046:
1020:
946:
883:
856:
707:
508:
475:
146:
3046:
664:
2732:
2519:
2504:
2495:
1771:
1688:
1465:
1153:
937:
765:
755:
376:
360:
274:
262:
136:
2885:
2848:
2838:
2777:
2704:
2662:
2085:
1634:
1103:
970:
865:
828:
467:
372:
364:
348:
278:
86:
554:
Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily
Muroidea. Pp. 894-1531
652:
621:
Bee J.W., Hall E.R. 1956. Mammals of northern Alaska on the Arctic Slope.
3231:
3040:
2787:
2486:
2322:
2063:
1992:
1127:
775:
737:
725:
487:
356:
156:
106:
426:
This species gets its common name from its warning call, a high-pitched
3114:
2820:
2811:
2153:
2145:
2071:
1879:
1835:
1571:
1524:
1459:
471:
447:
416:
282:
415:
Unusually among voles, in addition to storing food, such as roots and
3127:
2244:
1703:
749:
731:
719:
409:
368:
344:
249:
245:
126:
116:
96:
3017:
607:
586:
380:
352:
305:
281:
females. The penis is relatively long and narrow, with a complex
479:
440:
388:
384:
237:
3101:
3021:
679:
420:
392:
443:, litters of more than eight young are unlikely to survive.
462:
The oldest known fossils of singing voles date from the
507:
Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. (NatureServe) (2008).
3030:
2987:
2978:
2933:
2883:
2874:
2846:
2837:
2809:
2785:
2776:
2702:
2614:
2517:
2484:
2320:
2311:
2266:
2242:
2165:
2144:
2116:
2083:
2062:
1990:
1973:
1891:
1870:
1833:
1800:
1769:
1701:
1125:
1101:
1059:
1018:
968:
836:
827:
773:
764:
430:, usually given from the entrance of its burrow.
261:underparts. The fur is lightly ticked with black
466:, around 300,000 years ago, and were found near
691:
8:
277:; these glands have also been noted in some
3018:
2984:
2880:
2843:
2782:
2317:
2162:
2080:
1987:
1888:
833:
770:
698:
684:
676:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
311:Four subspecies are currently recognised:
216:
48:
29:
20:
606:
327:- south-eastern Alaska and southern Yukon
3326:Least concern biota of the United States
499:
7:
3321:Least concern biota of North America
1930:Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming (
585:F.R. Cole & D.E. Wilson (2010).
3281:IUCN Red List least concern species
518:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
273:on their flanks, which are used in
490:land bridge by rising sea levels.
14:
663:
651:
73:
1939:Richardson's collared lemming (
371:. Their main predators include
2230:North American brown lemming (
1:
2104:Przewalski's steppe lemming (
304:, being found throughout the
3306:Rodents of the United States
2672:Imaizumi's red-backed vole (
2351:White-tailed mountain vole (
706:Extant species of subfamily
2921:California red tree mouse (
2645:Tien Shan red-backed vole (
2452:Lake Baikal mountain vole (
1957:Unalaska collared lemming (
1921:Nelson's collared lemming (
1903:Northern collared lemming (
1598:Schelkovnikov's pine vole (
1392:Liechtenstein's pine vole (
343:Singing voles are found in
339:- northern Alaska and Yukon
3342:
2742:Hokkaido red-backed vole (
2724:Japanese red-backed vole (
2681:Northern red-backed vole (
2654:Southern red-backed Vole (
2405:StoliÄŤka's mountain vole (
2369:Gobi Altai mountain vole (
2028:Transcaucasian mole vole (
3316:Mammals described in 1901
2636:Western red-backed vole (
1912:Ungava collared lemming (
1721:Forrest's mountain vole (
1374:Mediterranean pine vole (
802:Southwestern water vole (
714:
215:
208:
203:
185:
178:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2602:Ward's red-backed vole (
2575:Yunnan red-backed vole (
2539:Kachin red-backed vole (
2221:Siberian brown lemming (
2212:Wrangel Island lemming (
1781:Duke of Bedford's vole (
325:Microtus miurus cantator
292:Distribution and habitat
256:Physical characteristics
2999:Long-clawed mole vole (
2396:Mongolian silver vole (
2387:Royle's mountain vole (
2095:Yellow steppe lemming (
591:(Rodentia: Cricetidae)"
331:Microtus miurus miuriei
2962:Eastern heather vole (
2953:Western heather vole (
2797:Round-tailed muskrat (
2751:Grey red-backed vole (
2557:Southwest China vole (
2378:Central Kashmir vole (
2360:Silver mountain vole (
2295:Southern bog lemming (
2286:Northern bog lemming (
1748:Sikkim mountain vole (
1739:Linzhi mountain vole (
1401:Lusitanian pine vole (
333:- south-western Alaska
316:Microtus miurus miurus
240:found in northwestern
3296:Mammals of the Arctic
3253:Paleobiology Database
1365:Daghestan pine vole (
1028:(Voles from Pakistan)
988:Caucasian snow vole (
929:Japanese grass vole (
793:European water vole (
337:Microtus miurus oreas
236:), is a medium-sized
2037:Northern mole vole (
2019:Southern mole vole (
1812:Narrow-headed vole (
1730:Chinese scrub vole (
1446:Thomas's pine vole (
1356:Calabria pine vole (
1347:Bavarian pine vole (
1280:European pine vole (
1262:Schidlovsky's vole (
1006:Robert's snow vole (
997:European snow vole (
911:Middendorff's vole (
811:Montane water vole (
660:at Wikimedia Commons
3291:Arctic land animals
2903:White-footed vole (
2566:Père David's vole (
2203:Beringian lemming (
1680:Zempoaltépec vole (
1558:Jalapan pine vole (
1410:Major's pine vole (
1376:M. duodecimcostatus
1289:Transcaspian vole (
902:Maximowicz's vole (
302:Mackenzie Mountains
40:Conservation status
3001:P. schaposchnikowi
2858:Balkan snow vole (
2472:Flat-headed vole (
2443:Large-eared vole (
2414:Tuva silver vole (
2046:Zaisan mole vole (
1644:Long-tailed vole (
1475:Gray-tailed vole (
1428:Savi's pine vole (
1419:Alpine pine vole (
1190:DoÄźramaci's vole (
539:}}: old-form url (
408:predators such as
347:regions above the
3301:Rodents of Canada
3268:
3267:
3240:Open Tree of Life
3024:Taxon identifiers
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
2974:
2973:
2946:
2896:
2870:
2869:
2833:
2832:
2772:
2771:
2717:
2712:(other Red-backed
2629:
2593:Yulungshan vole (
2532:
2335:
2307:
2306:
2279:
2178:
2159:
2140:
2139:
2077:
2058:
2057:
2003:
1984:
1969:
1968:
1885:
1866:
1865:
1791:P. liangshanensis
1714:
1626:California vole (
1600:M. schelkovnikovi
1531:Guatemalan vole (
1511:Townsend's vole (
1504:M. pennsylvanicus
1437:Tatra pine vole (
1394:M. liechtensteini
1138:
1031:
981:
893:Lacustrine vole (
823:
822:
786:
656:Media related to
636:Acta Theriologica
595:Mammalian Species
248:and northwestern
224:
223:
63:
16:Species of rodent
3333:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3157:
3156:
3144:
3143:
3131:
3130:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3019:
2985:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2876:Pliophenacomyini
2844:
2783:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2628:
2627:
2624:(some Red-backed
2621:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2318:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2232:L. trimucronatus
2194:Norway lemming (
2177:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2128:Steppe lemming (
2081:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2021:E. fuscocapillus
2010:Alai mole vole (
2002:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1948:Arctic lemming (
1905:D. groenlandicus
1889:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1713:
1712:
1711:(Mountain voles)
1708:
1691:M. xanthognathus
1637:M. chrotorrhinus
1540:TarabundĂ vole (
1533:M. guatemalensis
1367:M. daghestanicus
1318:Bucharian vole (
1291:M. transcaspicus
1208:Tien Shan vole (
1199:GĂĽnther's vole (
1181:Cabrera's vole (
1163:Anatolian vole (
1137:
1136:
1132:
1113:Sagebrush vole (
1030:
1029:
1025:
980:
979:
975:
958:M. sachalinensis
920:Mongolian vole (
834:
785:
784:
780:
771:
744:Euarchontoglires
700:
693:
686:
677:
668:Data related to
667:
655:
639:
632:
626:
619:
613:
612:
610:
582:
559:
552:
546:
544:
533:
531:
529:
504:
298:Alaska Peninsula
271:sebaceous glands
220:
191:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3311:Fauna of Alaska
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3227:Observation.org
3225:
3217:
3212:
3204:
3199:
3191:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3076:Microtus_miurus
3074:
3069:
3062:Microtus miurus
3060:
3059:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3032:Microtus miurus
3026:
3016:
3007:
2970:
2943:(Heather voles)
2942:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2912:Red tree vole (
2892:
2891:
2889:
2866:
2829:
2805:
2768:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2698:
2638:C. californicus
2625:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2610:
2584:Chaotung vole (
2568:E. melanogaster
2528:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2513:
2480:
2407:A. stoliczkanus
2331:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2313:Clethrionomyini
2303:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2256:M. schisticolor
2238:
2175:(True lemmings)
2174:
2173:
2171:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2136:
2112:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2054:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1965:
1959:D. unalascensis
1932:D. nunatakensis
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:Dicrostonychini
1862:
1845:Szechuan vole (
1829:
1796:
1765:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1628:M. californicus
1549:Woodland Vole (
1493:Creeping vole (
1383:Felten's vole (
1358:M. brachycercus
1282:M. subterraneus
1264:M. schidlovskii
1235:Southern vole (
1134:
1133:
1131:
1121:
1097:
1089:Mandarin vole (
1071:Brandt's vole (
1055:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1014:
977:
976:
974:
964:
956:Sakhalin vole (
913:M. middendorffi
904:M. maximowiczii
848:Clarke's vole (
819:
782:
781:
779:
760:
710:
704:
670:Microtus miurus
658:Microtus miurus
648:
643:
642:
633:
629:
620:
616:
589:Microtus miurus
584:
583:
562:
553:
549:
534:
527:
525:
511:Microtus miurus
506:
505:
501:
496:
460:
436:
401:
320:Kenai Peninsula
294:
258:
233:Microtus miurus
199:
193:
189:Microtus miurus
187:
174:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3339:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3249:
3236:
3223:
3210:
3197:
3184:
3171:
3158:
3145:
3132:
3119:
3106:
3093:
3080:
3067:
3052:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2982:
2980:Prometheomyini
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2959:
2955:P. intermedius
2949:
2947:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2914:A. longicaudus
2909:
2899:
2897:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:Smith's vole (
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2690:Shansei vole (
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2548:Pratt's vole (
2545:
2535:
2533:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2459:
2458:
2454:A. olchonensis
2449:
2440:
2434:Lemming vole (
2421:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2338:
2336:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2276:(Bog lemmings)
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2254:Wood lemming (
2250:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2185:Amur lemming (
2181:
2179:
2160:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:E. przewalskii
2101:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1985:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1941:D. richardsoni
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1854:Marie's vole (
1851:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1821:Radde's vole (
1818:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1757:Blyth's vole (
1754:
1745:
1741:N. linzhiensis
1736:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1673:M. richardsoni
1668:
1662:Singing vole (
1659:
1653:Mexican vole (
1650:
1646:M. longicaudus
1641:
1632:
1623:
1619:M. abbreviatus
1617:Insular vole (
1611:incertae sedis
1605:
1604:
1585:
1584:
1580:M. ochrogaster
1578:Prairie vole (
1565:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1518:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1484:Montane vole (
1481:
1472:
1453:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1403:M. lusitanicus
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1334:
1333:
1327:Juniper vole (
1324:
1315:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1255:M. qazvinensis
1250:
1244:Paradox vole (
1241:
1232:
1228:M. kermanensis
1223:
1217:Persian vole (
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1141:
1139:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1086:
1080:Plateau vole (
1077:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1003:
994:
984:
982:
966:
965:
963:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
917:
908:
899:
895:M. limnophilus
890:
881:
875:Gerbe's vole (
872:
863:
859:M. evoronensis
854:
844:
842:
831:
825:
824:
821:
820:
818:
817:
808:
799:
789:
787:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
715:
712:
711:
705:
703:
702:
695:
688:
680:
674:
673:
672:at Wikispecies
661:
647:
646:External links
644:
641:
640:
627:
614:
560:
547:
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495:
492:
459:
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435:
432:
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257:
254:
222:
221:
213:
212:
206:
205:
201:
200:
194:
183:
182:
176:
175:
171:M. miurus
168:
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162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
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139:
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130:
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2861:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2823:O. zibethicus
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2779:
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2657:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2617:Clethrionomys
2613:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2362:A. argentatus
2358:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2332:Central Asia)
2325:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1750:N. sikimensis
1746:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1542:M. oaxacensis
1538:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:M. townsendii
1509:
1507:
1505:
1502:Meadow vole (
1500:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1477:M. canicaudus
1473:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1320:B. bucharicus
1316:
1314:
1312:
1309:Afghan vole (
1306:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1271:Social vole (
1269:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1253:Qazvin vole (
1251:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1226:Kerman vole (
1224:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:M. dogramacii
1188:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1172:Common vole (
1170:
1168:
1166:
1165:M. anatolicus
1161:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1091:L. mandarinus
1087:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1047:Murree vole (
1045:
1043:
1041:
1038:True's vole (
1036:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
991:
986:
985:
983:
973:
972:
967:
961:
959:
954:
952:
950:
947:Tundra vole (
945:
943:
941:
940:M. mujanensis
936:
934:
932:
931:M. montebelli
927:
925:
923:
922:M. mongolicus
918:
916:
914:
909:
907:
905:
900:
898:
896:
891:
889:
887:
884:Taiwan vole (
882:
880:
878:
873:
871:
869:
864:
862:
860:
857:Evorsk vole (
855:
853:
851:
846:
845:
843:
841:
840:
835:
832:
830:
826:
816:
814:
809:
807:
805:
800:
798:
796:
791:
790:
788:
783:(Water voles)
778:
777:
772:
769:
767:
763:
757:
753:
751:
747:
745:
741:
739:
735:
733:
729:
727:
723:
721:
717:
716:
713:
709:
701:
696:
694:
689:
687:
682:
681:
678:
671:
666:
662:
659:
654:
650:
649:
645:
637:
631:
628:
624:
618:
615:
609:
608:10.1644/855.1
604:
600:
596:
592:
590:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
551:
548:
542:
538:
524:
520:
519:
514:
512:
503:
500:
493:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
470:. During the
469:
465:
457:
455:
452:
449:
444:
442:
433:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
413:
411:
405:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
307:
303:
299:
291:
289:
286:
284:
280:
276:
275:scent marking
272:
266:
264:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
242:North America
239:
235:
234:
229:
219:
214:
211:
207:
202:
197:
192:
190:
184:
181:
180:Binomial name
177:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Singing vole
22:
19:
3031:
3000:
2990:Prometheomys
2988:
2963:
2954:
2934:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2893:(Tree voles)
2884:
2860:D. bogdanovi
2859:
2847:
2822:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2761:
2753:C. rufocanus
2752:
2743:
2734:
2733:Royal vole (
2726:C. andersoni
2725:
2703:
2692:C. shanseius
2691:
2682:
2674:C. imaizumii
2673:
2665:C. glareolus
2664:
2655:
2647:C. centralis
2646:
2637:
2615:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2550:E. chinensis
2549:
2540:
2518:
2506:
2505:Kolan vole (
2497:
2496:Ganzu vole (
2485:
2474:A. strelzowi
2473:
2466:Platycranius
2464:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2424:
2416:A. tuvinicus
2415:
2406:
2398:A. semicanus
2397:
2388:
2379:
2371:A. barakshin
2370:
2361:
2353:A. albicauda
2352:
2343:
2341:
2321:
2296:
2287:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2223:L. sibiricus
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2187:L. amurensis
2186:
2166:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2096:
2084:
2047:
2038:
2030:E. lutescens
2029:
2020:
2011:
2000:(Mole voles)
1991:
1981:(mole voles)
1958:
1950:D. torquatus
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1914:D. hudsonius
1913:
1904:
1892:
1855:
1847:V. millicens
1846:
1834:
1822:
1813:
1803:Stenocranius
1801:
1789:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1702:
1690:
1689:Taiga vole (
1681:
1672:
1671:Water vole (
1663:
1661:
1655:M. mexicanus
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1560:M. quasiater
1559:
1551:M. pinetorum
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1466:Beach Vole (
1458:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1421:M. multiplex
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1349:M. bavaricus
1348:
1339:
1337:
1329:B. juldaschi
1328:
1319:
1310:
1303:Blanfordimys
1301:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1246:M. paradoxus
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1201:M. guentheri
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1154:Field vole (
1146:
1144:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1062:Lasiopodomys
1060:
1048:
1039:
1019:
1007:
998:
989:
978:(Snow voles)
969:
957:
949:M. oeconomus
948:
939:
938:Muisk vole (
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
839:Alexandromys
837:
812:
803:
795:A. amphibius
794:
774:
742:Superorder:
736:Infraclass:
638:. 22:317–335
635:
630:
622:
617:
598:
594:
588:
555:
550:
526:. Retrieved
522:
516:
510:
502:
484:insular vole
474:of the late
461:
453:
445:
437:
434:Reproduction
425:
414:
406:
402:
377:Arctic foxes
342:
336:
330:
324:
315:
310:
295:
287:
267:
259:
244:, including
232:
231:
228:singing vole
227:
225:
209:
188:
186:
170:
169:
157:
18:
3201:NatureServe
3123:iNaturalist
3056:Wikispecies
2663:Bank vole (
2595:E. proditor
2541:E. cachinus
2527:(Voles from
2445:A. macrotis
2436:A. lemminus
2330:(Voles from
2288:S. borealis
2205:L. nigripes
2039:E. talpinus
1975:Ellobiusini
1894:Dicrostonyx
1814:S. gregalis
1783:P. bedfordi
1759:N. leucurus
1723:N. forresti
1682:M. umbrosus
1635:Rock vole (
1592:Hyrcanicola
1486:M. montanus
1439:M. tatricus
1311:B. afghanus
1273:M. socialis
1183:M. cabrerae
1156:M. agrestis
1115:L. curtatus
1073:L. brandtii
1040:H. fertilis
1021:Hyperacrius
886:M. kikuchii
866:Reed vole (
813:A. scherman
708:Arvicolinae
476:Pleistocene
439:only eight
263:guard hairs
204:Subspecies
147:Arvicolinae
143:Subfamily:
3275:Categories
2936:Phenacomys
2905:A. albipes
2762:C. smithii
2735:C. regulus
2683:C. rutilus
2656:C. gapperi
2577:E. miletus
2529:East Asia)
2520:Eothenomys
2428:Aschizomys
2380:A. montosa
2297:S. cooperi
2269:Synaptomys
2130:L. lagurus
2048:E. tancrei
2012:E. alaicus
1923:D. nelsoni
1878:(Collared
1856:V. musseri
1772:Proedromys
1495:M. oregoni
1468:M. breweri
1448:M. thomasi
1385:M. felteni
1174:M. arvalis
1008:C. roberti
999:C. nivalis
850:M. clarkei
804:A. sapidus
766:Arvicolini
756:Cricetidae
625:. 8:1–309.
494:References
373:wolverines
365:horsetails
137:Cricetidae
2964:P. ungava
2886:Arborimus
2849:Dinaromys
2839:Pliomyini
2821:Muskrat (
2799:N. alleni
2778:Ondatrini
2705:Craseomys
2586:E. olitor
2559:E. custos
2463:Subgenus
2425:Subgenus
2389:A. roylei
2342:Subgenus
2214:L. paulus
2196:L. lemmus
2097:E. luteus
2086:Eolagurus
1823:S. raddei
1664:M. miurus
1589:Subgenus
1569:Subgenus
1522:Subgenus
1457:Subgenus
1412:M. majori
1341:Terricola
1338:Subgenus
1300:Subgenus
1210:M. ilaeus
1145:Subgenus
1104:Lemmiscus
1082:L. fuscus
1049:H. wynnei
971:Chionomys
877:M. gerbei
868:M. fortis
829:Microtini
718:Kingdom:
601:: 75–89.
537:cite iucn
468:Fairbanks
458:Evolution
349:tree line
279:lactating
210:See text
165:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
3286:Microtus
3206:2.103358
3193:13000279
3141:11440929
3047:Q1761683
3041:Wikidata
2788:Neofiber
2604:E. wardi
2487:Caryomys
2345:Alticola
2323:Alticola
2154:Lemmings
2072:lemmings
2070:(Steppe
2064:Lagurini
1993:Ellobius
1880:lemmings
1732:N. irene
1430:M. savii
1237:M. levis
1219:M. irani
1148:Microtus
1128:Microtus
776:Arvicola
754:Family:
750:Rodentia
738:Eutheria
732:Mammalia
726:Chordata
724:Phylum:
720:Animalia
488:Beringia
472:Ice Ages
417:rhizomes
399:Behavior
357:knotweed
158:Microtus
133:Family:
127:Rodentia
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
3180:1002051
3115:2438632
2923:A. pomo
2812:Ondatra
2507:C. inez
2146:Lemmini
2119:Lagurus
1836:Volemys
1572:Pedomys
1525:Pitymys
1460:Mynomes
1135:(Voles)
748:Order:
730:Class:
528:22 June
410:weasels
369:willows
353:lupines
283:baculum
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
3245:269522
3219:111837
3154:180309
3102:310273
2744:C. rex
2714:voles)
2626:voles)
2498:C. eva
2245:Myopus
2168:Lemmus
1704:Neodon
990:C. gud
464:Ionian
448:weaned
391:, and
381:stoats
367:, and
361:sedges
345:tundra
250:Canada
246:Alaska
198:, 1901
196:Osgood
3258:48594
3232:84986
3167:42629
3136:IRMNG
3128:44316
3089:6RK69
441:teats
428:trill
389:hawks
385:skuas
306:Yukon
3214:NCBI
3162:IUCN
3149:ITIS
3110:GBIF
541:help
530:2009
523:2008
480:Iowa
393:owls
238:vole
226:The
3188:MSW
3175:MDD
3097:EoL
3084:CoL
3071:ADW
603:doi
421:hay
3277::
3255::
3242::
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2432::
2349::
1615::
1596::
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1529::
1464::
1345::
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599:42
597:.
593:.
563:^
556:in
535:{{
521:.
515:.
395:.
387:,
383:,
379:,
375:,
363:,
359:,
355:,
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