374:"Fragile families" are usually caused by an unintended pregnancy out of wedlock. Usually in this situation the father is not completely in the picture and the relationship between the mother, father, and child is consistently unstable. As well as instability, "fragile families" are often limited in resources such as human capital and money. The kids that come from these families are more likely to be hindered within school and don't succeed as well as kids who have strictly single parents or two parent homes. Usually within these families the father plans to stick around and help raise the child but once the child is born the fathers do not stay for much longer and only one third stay after five years of the child's birth. Most of these fragile families come from low economic status to begin with and the cycle appears to continue; once the child grows up they are just as likely to still be poor. Most fragile families end with the mother becoming a single parent, leaving it even more difficult to come out of the poverty cycle. The gender of the baby seems to have no effect if the father is not living with the mother at the time of the birth, meaning they are still likely to leave after one year of the child's birth. Yet there is some evidence that suggests that if the father is living with the mother at the time of the birth he is more likely to stay after one year if the child is a son rather than a daughter.
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depression, anxiety, and other poor mental health outcomes. Researchers
Copeland and Snyder (2011) addressed the barriers low-income single mothers have on receiving mental health care, "Visible barriers often include the lack of community resources, transportation, child care, convenient hours, and financial resources." Meanwhile, low-income single mothers are more likely to bring their children in for mental health treatment than themselves. Researchers Copeland and Snyder analyzed sixty-four African American mothers who brought their children in for mental health treatment. These mothers were then screened for mild, moderate, and severe depression and/or anxiety. After three months the researchers used an ethnographic interview to address whether or not the participants used mental health services that were referred to them. Results indicated that the majority of the participants did not use the referred mental health care services for reasons that included: fear of losing their children, being hospitalized and/or stigmatized by their community counterparts.
514:. As of 2012, 39% of children living in South Africa lived with their biological mother and not their father, and 4% lived with their biological father but not their mother. In South African academic literature, single mothers are studied as a part of the "female headed household" demographic. Colloquially, the term "single-parent household" or "single mother" is more widely used. The perception of single mothers within South African society varies depending on the cause of their situation. Women whose husbands died are not typically judged in the same way as divorced, separated, or unmarried women. Within South African media, the idea that unmarried women may seek to become pregnant in order to access
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when asked about fears, a high proportion of children feared illness or injury to the parent. When asked about happiness, half of the children talked about outings with their single adoptive parent. A single person wanting to adopt a child has to be mindful of the challenges they may face, and there are certain agencies that will not work with single adoptive parents at all. Single parents will typically only have their own income to live off of, and thus might not have a backup plan for potential children in case something happens to them. Traveling is also made more complex, as the child must either be left in someone else's care, or taken along.
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531:, about 1 out of 4 families with dependent children are single-parent families, 8 to 11 percent of which have a male single-parent. UK poverty figures show that 52% of single parent families are below the Government-defined poverty line (after housing costs). Single parents in the UK are almost twice as likely to be in low-paid jobs as other workers (39% of working single parents compared with 21% of working people nationally). This is highlighted in a report published by Gingerbread, funded by Trust for London and Barrow Cadbury Trust.
594:, the percentage of children living in families with two parents decreased from 88 to 69 between 1960 and 2016. Of those 50.7 million children living in families with two parents, 47.7 million live with two married parents and 3.0 million live with two unmarried parents. The percentage of children living with single parents increased substantially in the United States during the second half of the 20th century. According to a 2013
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parent adoptions. During the mid 19th century many state welfare officials made it difficult if not impossible for single persons to adopt, as agencies searched for married heterosexual couples. In 1965, the Los
Angeles Bureau of Adoptions sought single African-Americans for African-American orphans for whom married families could not be found. In 1968, the
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all involved parties' schedules and activities, and this is far less common. After a certain "crisis period," most children resume normal development; however, their future relationships are often affected, as they lack a model upon which to base a healthy long-term relationship. Nonetheless, as adults children of divorcees cope better with change.
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and 36% among the different OECD countries. It was highest in
Belgium (17%), Iceland (19%), Slovenia (20%), France (22%), Norway (23%) and Sweden (36%), while it was lowest in Lithuania (4%), Ireland (5%), Poland (5%), Estonia (7%), Austria (7%) and the United Kingdom (8%). It was 15% in the United States.
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South
African women who gave birth to children with disabilities were often rejected and left by their partners, their partner's family, and their own family. This is due to stigma disabilities have carried in South African society and the blame placed upon the women for having a child with a disability.
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has reported that children of single parents, after controlling for other variables like family income, are more likely to have problems, including being twice as likely to suffer from mental illness. Both
British and American researchers show that children with no fathers are three times more likely
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Studies from the 1970s showed that single mothers who are not financially stable are more likely to experience depression. In a more current study it was proven that financial strain was directly correlated with high levels of depression. Among low-income single mothers, depressive symptoms may be as
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arrangement where they spend an approximately equal amount of time with their two parents. Among those living primarily with one single parent, most live with their mother. In 2016 (or latest year available), the proportion of 6-12 year olds living primarily with their single father ranged between 5%
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is a common one. To avoid social stigma, the families of unmarried women with children will often raise the child(ren) as their own. It is especially common for the child to be raised as a sibling of their mother. However, this is not the case when the child has a disability. A 2023 study found that
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countries in 2011, the proportion of single-parent households was in 3-11% the range, with an average of 7.5%. It was highest in
Australia (10%), Canada (10%), Mexico (10%), United States (10%), Lithuania (10%), Costa Rica (11%), Latvia (11%) and New Zealand (11%), while it was lowest in Japan (3%),
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Single parent adoptions have existed since the mid 19th century. Men were rarely considered as adoptive parents, and were considered far less desired. Often, children adopted by a single person were raised in pairs rather than alone, and many adoptions by lesbians and gay men were arranged as single
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has held that "mother’s name is sufficient in certain cases like the present one to apply for passport, especially as a single woman can be a natural guardian and also a parent". Considering these socio-legal transformations, a study suggested that despite facing numerous challenges, single mothers
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Many out-of-wedlock births are unintentional. Out-of-wedlock births are frequently not acceptable to society, and they often result in single parenting. A partner may also leave as he or she may want to shirk responsibility of bringing up the child. This also may harm the child. Where they are not
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refers to which parent the child lives with. Among divorced parents, "parallel parenting" refers to parenting after divorce in which each parent does so independently; this is most common. In comparison, cooperative parenting occurs when the parents involved in the child's life work together around
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Single parent adoptions are controversial. They are, however, still preferred over divorcees, as divorced parents are considered an unnecessary stress on the child. In one study, the interviewers asked children questions about their new lifestyle in a single-parent home. The interviewer found that
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families were single-parent, of which five-sixths were headed by a female. Single-parent families in New
Zealand have fewer children than two-parent families; 56% of single-parent families have only one child and 29% have two children, compared to 38% and 40% respectively for two-parent families.
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Keeping in touch with both parents and having a healthy relationship with both mother and father appears to have the most effect on a child's behavior; which leads to an easier time coping with the divorce as well as development through the child's life. Children will do better with their parents
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A similar study on the mental health of single mothers attempted to answer the question, "Are there differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, between married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers?" Statistically, never married, and separated/divorced mothers had the highest
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and depression. Financial hardships also affect the mental health of single mothers. Women, ages 15–24, were more likely to live in a low socio-economic area, have one child, and not to have completed their senior year of high school. These women reported to be in the two lowest income areas, and
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Among households with children in 2005/09, the proportion of single-parent households was 10% in Japan, 16% in the
Netherlands, 19% in Sweden, 20% in France, 22% in Denmark, 22% in Germany, 23% in Ireland, 25% in Canada, 25% in the United Kingdom, and 30% in the United States. The U.S. proportion
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Inadequate access to mental health care services is prevalent amongst impoverished women. Low-income women are less likely to receive mental health care for numerous reasons. Mental health services remain inequitable for low-income, more so, low-income single women are more likely to suffer from
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Over 9.5 million
American families are run by one woman. Single mothers are likely to have mental health issues, financial hardships, live in a low income area, and receive low levels of social support. All of these factors are taken into consideration when evaluating the mental health of single
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In all OECD countries, most single-parent households were headed by a mother. The proportion headed by a father varied between 9% and 25%. It was lowest in
Estonia (9%), Costa Rica (10%), Cyprus (10%), Japan (10%), Ireland (10%) and the United Kingdom (12%), while it was highest in Norway (22%),
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In 2016/17, the proportion of children living in a single-parent household varied between 6% and 28% in the different OECD countries, with an OECD country average of 17%. It was lowest in Turkey (2015, 6%), Greece (8%), Croatia (8%) and Poland (10%), while it was highest in France (23%), United
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In the United States, since the 1960s, there has been a marked increase in the number of children living with a single parent. The jump was caused by an increase in births to unmarried women and by the increasing prevalence of divorces among couples. In 2010, 40.7% of births in the US were to
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In 2005/06, the proportion of 11- to 15-year-old children living in a shared parenting arrangement versus with only one of their parents varied between 1% and 17%, being the highest in Sweden. It was 5% in Ireland and the United States, and 7% in Canada and the United Kingdom. By 2016/17, the
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et al. have shown that children living with one single parent have worse well-being in terms of physical health behavior, mental health, peer friendships, bullying, cultural activities, sports, and family relationships, compared to children from intact families. As a contrast, children in a
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or widow responsible for children. At certain times wars might also deprive significant numbers of families of a parent. Improvements in sanitation and maternal care have decreased mortality for those of reproductive age, making death a less common cause of single parenting.
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Mothers with unintended pregnancies, and their children, are subject to numerous adverse health effects, including increased risk of violence and death, and the children are less likely to succeed in school and are more likely to live in poverty and be involved in crime.
618:, and so a second or third wife might run a household and take care of their children as a lone parent. In contrast to Western societies, financial support for single parents (especially single mothers) typically comes from extended family support systems.
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In 2006, 12.9 million families in the US were headed by a single parent, 80% of which were headed by a woman. Single-parent households are on average much poorer, a pattern largely explained by the lack of a second source of income in the home itself.
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In the United States, the rate of unintended pregnancy is higher among unmarried couples than among married ones. In 1990, 73% of births to unmarried women were unintended at the time of conception, compared to about 57% of births overall (1987 data).
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Copeland, Valire C. & Kimberly Snyder. 2011. “Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Services for Low-Income African American Women Whose Children Receive Behavioral Health Services: An Ethnographic Investigation.” Social Work in Public Health 26:1,
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in all states of Australia, except for Queensland and South Australia. They are able to apply for adoption both to Australian born and international born children, although not many other countries allow single parent adoptions.
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arrangement that live approximately equal amount of time with their divorced mother and father have about the same well-being as children from intact families and better outcomes than children with only one custodial parent.
448:, has declared in a case argued by Advocate Aruna A. that, the birth registration authorities cannot insist on the details of the father for registration of birth of a child born to a single mother, conceived through
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was generally rare historically (although this depends by culture and era), and divorce especially became very difficult to obtain after the fall of the Roman Empire, in Medieval Europe, due to strong involvement of
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who are raising their children with little support from the families, society or state are challenging the dominant male breadwinner and provider model while redefining the heteronormative model of parenting.
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unmarried women. In 2000, 11% of children were living with parents who had never been married, 15.6% of children lived with a divorced parent, and 1.2% lived with a parent who was widowed. The results of the
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Thomas, George; Farrell, Michael P.; Barnes, Grace M. (1 January 1996). "The Effects of Single-Mother Families and Nonresident Fathers on Delinquency and Substance Abuse in Black and White Adolescents".
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households were single-parent families. In Australia 2011, out of all families 15.9% were single parent families. Out of these families 17.6% of the single parents were males, whilst 82.4% were females.
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showed that 27% of children live with one parent, consistent with the emerging trend noted in 2000. The most recent data of December 2011 shows approximately 13.7 million single parents in the U.S.
123:. Historical estimates indicate that in French, English, or Spanish villages in the 17th and 18th centuries at least one-third of children lost one of their parents during childhood; in 19th-century
251:, Patrick Fagan, Mitch Pearlstein David Popenoe and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, living in a single parent family is strongly correlated with school failure and problems of delinquency, drug use,
1344:
Baker, A.L.; Ben-Ami, N. (2011). "Adult Recall of Childhood psychological maltreatment in "Adult Children of divorce": Prevalence and associations with concurrent measures of well being".
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is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in the upbringing or support of the child. Reasons for becoming a single parent include
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divorce if they have a smooth adjustment period. One way to make this adjustment easier on children is to let them "remain in the same neighborhoods and schools following divorce."
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study, only 9% of children lived with single parents in the 1960s—a figure that increased to 28% in 2012. Single parent households became more common after legislation allowing
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Some women use artificial insemination to become single mothers by choice. Others choose to adopt. Men may also choose to become single fathers through adoption or surrogacy.
968:; Cox, Brian J.; Enns, Murray W. (2006-02-09). "Mental health profiles among married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers in a nationally representative sample".
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M. Pearlstein From Family Collapse to America's Decline: The Educational, Economic, and Social Costs of Family Disintegration Rowman & Littlefield, New York, NY (2011)
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Hilton, J.; Desrochers, S.; Devall, E. (2001). "Comparison of Role Demands, Relationships, and Child Functioning is Single-Mother, Single-Father, and Intact Families".
2009:
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231:. The family structure can become a trigger for mental health issues in single mothers. They are especially at risk for having higher levels of depressive symptoms.
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Greece (4%), Switzerland (4%), Bulgaria (5), Croatia (5%), Germany (5%), Italy (5%) and Cyprus (5%). The proportion was 9% in both Ireland and the United Kingdom.
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131:, almost one-third of boys had lost one parent or both by the age of 15. Such single parenthood was often short in duration, since remarriage rates were high.
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Single parents in Australia are eligible for support payments from the government, but only if they are caring for at least one child under the age of eight.
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1936:
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Among children living in a single-parent household, most live primarily with their mother, others primarily with their father, while other children have a
1439:
Hess, Robert D.; Camara, Kathleen A. (1979-10-01). "Post-Divorce Family Relationships as Mediating Factors in the Consequences of Divorce for Children".
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Mulkey, L.; Crain, R; Harrington, A.M. (January 1992). "One-Parent Households and Achievement: Economic and Behavioral Explanations of a Small Effect".
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was more pronounced among single mothers at 28.7% compared to partnered mothers at 15.7%. These mental disabilities include but are not limited to
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Pong SL. Family structure, school context, and eighth-grade math and reading achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1997 Aug 1:734-46.
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Amato, Paul R., Sarah Patterson, and Brett Beattie. "Single-Parent Households And Children’S Educational Achievement: A State-Level Analysis."
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has shown that a high proportion of American children from single parent families perform poorly on mathematics and reading achievement tests.
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Spain (23%), Sweden (24%), Romania (25%) and the United States (25%). These numbers were not provided for Canada, Australia or New Zealand.
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Lavie, Smadar (2014). Wrapped in the Flag of Israel: Mizrahi Single Mothers and Bureaucratic Torture. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
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Kawewe, Saliwe M.; Moyo, Otrude N. (2009). "Lone motherhood in Zimbabwe: The cocioeconomic conditions of lone parents and their children".
2229:
1019:
Jayakody, Rukmalie; Stauffer, Dawn (2000-01-01). "Mental Health Problems Among Single Mothers: Implications for Work and Welfare Reform".
498:, the number of single-parent households has risen in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries due to a variety of factors, including the
1200:
D. Popenoe Families without Fathers: Fathers, Marriage, and Children in American Society Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ (2009)
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stated that married couples were preferred, but there were "exceptional circumstances" where single parent adoptions were permissible.
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1985:
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Single Mothers, Patriarchy and Citizenship in India: Rethinking Lone Motherhood through the Lens of Socio-legal and Policy Framework
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Pong SL. The school compositional effect of single parenthood on 10th-grade achievement. Sociology of education. 1998 Jan 1:23-42.
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Dupaquier J, Helin E, Laslett P, Livi-Bacci M, Marriage and remarriage in populations of the past, London: Academic Press, 1981.
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to be unhappy, and are also more likely to engage in anti-social behavior, abuse substances and engage in juvenile deliquency.
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Bankston, Carl L.; Caldas, Stephen J. (1998). "Family Structure, Schoolmates, and Racial Inequalities in School Achievement".
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Blankenhorn, 1995 D. Blankenhorn Fatherless America: Confronting Our Most Urgent Social Problem Basic Books, New York (1995)
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Kingdom (23%), Belgium (25%), Lithuania (25%), United States (27%) and Latvia (28%). It was 19% in Ireland and Canada.
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Joint Physical Custody and Communication with Parents: A Cross-National Study of Children in 36 Western Countries
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https://www.academia.edu/6799750/Wrapped_in_the_Flag_of_Israel_Mizrahi_Single_Mothers_and_Bureaucratic_Torture
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The Role of Social Security in Respecting and Protecting Dignity of Lone Mothers in South Africa: Final Report
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2173:"Requirement of father's name of applicant not mandatory for issuing passport, mother's name sufficient..."
2147:"Asking sperm donor's name violates right to privacy, says Kerala high court | Kochi News - Times of India"
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Quinlan, Robert J. (November 2003). "Father absence, parental care, and female reproductive development".
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Pong, Suet-ling (1998). "The School Compositional Effect of Single Parenthood on 10th Grade Achievement".
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OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Family Database,
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OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Family Database,
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3167:; Park, Kyung (November 1988). "Just The Two of Us: Parent-Child Relationships in Single-Parent Homes".
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leads the nation with the highest percent of births to unmarried mothers with 54% in 2014, followed by
2073:"Single mothers in India not compelled to disclose father's identity: Supreme Court | DW | 07.07.2015"
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Thomas, D.A.; Woodside, M. (2011). "Resilience in adult children of divorce: A multiple case study".
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2122:"No need for single mother conceiving via IVF to give father's name on birth certificate: Kerala HC"
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808:, OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, June 12, 2016.
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2003:
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Shireman, Joan F.; Johnson, Renny R. (1985). "Single Parent Adoptions: A Longitudinal Study".
1816:
1787:"Single Mothers by Choice: Mother–Child Relationships and Children's Psychological Adjustment"
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Brown, George W.; Moran, Patricia M. (1997-01-01). "Single mothers, poverty and depression".
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3222:"Social and Economic Characteristics of Currently Unmarried Women with a Recent Birth, 2011"
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refers to which parent is allowed to make important decisions about the children involved.
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Wright, Gemma; Noble, Michael; Ntshongwana, Phakama; Neves, David; Helen, Barnes (2014),
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Gove, Walter R.; Crutchfield, Robert D. (1982). "The Family and Juvenile Delinquency*".
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Ntoimo, Lorretta Favour Chizomam; Mutanda, Nyasha (2020), Odimegwu, Clifford O. (ed.),
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741:. Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society. Internet FAQ Archives.
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Historically, death of a partner was a common cause of single parenting. Diseases and
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2606:"The Number of Births to Unmarried Mothers in Massachusetts is Higher than You Think"
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The best intentions: unintended pregnancy and the well-being of children and families
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2790:"Demography of single parenthood in Africa: patterns, determinants and consequences"
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255:, poverty, and welfare dependency in the United States. Using multilevel modelling,
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828:. US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012. Archived from
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have recognized the rights of single mothers to give birth and raise children. The
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Sacks, G. (September 4, 2005). "Boys without fathers is not a logical new idea".
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127:, about half of all children lost at least one parent by age 20; in 19th-century
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2736:"What is no-fault divorce, and why do some conservatives want to get rid of it?"
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2340:"South African single mothers' experiences of raising a child with a disability"
2024:"Department for Child Protection – Western Australia – Thinking about adoption?"
1530:
1100:
Peden, Ann R.; Rayens, Mary Kay; Hall, Lynne A.; Grant, Elizabeth (2004-12-01).
564:
466:
2987:, National Statistics Online, National Statistics, United Kingdom, July 7, 2005
2941:, National Statistics Online, National Statistics, United Kingdom, July 7, 2005
2844:
2440:– see Table 3.6, Family type, and marital status of lone parents: 1971 to 2005.
1078:
4813:
4743:
4616:
4578:
4440:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4367:
4355:
4295:
4251:
4002:
3896:
3699:
3624:
3568:
3538:
3475:
3373:
2852:, Centre for the Analysis of South African Social Policy, University of Oxford
2825:
2484:
981:
927:
629:
625:
572:
1755:
1696:
1688:
1639:
1582:
1460:
1127:
1086:
1040:
989:
935:
486:
to have children due to the social stigma of being a women with no children.
482:, a 1994 study observed that it was socially acceptable for unmarried single
4803:
4515:
4392:
4141:
3693:
3664:
3639:
3523:
3378:
3292:
2632:
Current Population Survey, 2006 Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement
2560:"More Young Adults are Living in Their Parents' Home, Census Bureau Reports"
2355:
1032:
568:
511:
413:
147:
3133:
Richards, Leslie N.; Schmiege, Cynthia J. (July 1993). "Family Diversity".
2833:
2373:
1820:
1763:
1714:
1657:
1600:
1242:
The living conditions of children with shared residence–the Swedish example
1135:
997:
3241:
3012:
1746:
1729:
1631:
1574:
943:
4611:
4548:
4543:
4520:
4465:
4425:
4211:
3982:
3916:
3323:
2969:
Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (20 July 2005).
1169:"How Broken Families Rob Children of Their Chances for Future Prosperity"
611:
112:
68:
2048:"Parenting Payment – Australian Government Department of Human Services"
1984:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
4538:
4445:
4415:
4328:
4223:
4218:
3619:
3583:
3096:
3067:
2694:"The Majority of Children Live With Two Parents, Census Bureau Reports"
1802:
1557:
Waldfogel, Jane; Craigie, Terry-Ann; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne (2010-01-01).
1492:
576:
332:
310:
223:
their mental health was much poorer than those in higher income areas.
134:
104:
64:
37:"Single father" and "Single mother" redirect here. For other uses, see
3188:
3156:
2920:
2638:, Washington: United States Bureau of the Census, 2006, archived from
2395:
1295:
1102:"Negative Thinking and the Mental Health of Low-Income Single Mothers"
4848:
4668:
4663:
4318:
4300:
4228:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4125:
3843:
3762:
3358:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3221:
2679:"How America's Marriage Crisis Makes Income Inequality So Much Worse"
1836:"'I always wanted to be a dad': the rise of single fathers by choice"
143:
3088:
3059:
899:
Barns boende (växelvis boende, hos mamma, hos pappa, etc.) 2012—2017
30:"Single Parents" redirects here. For the ABC television series, see
3180:
3148:
2912:
1287:
4653:
4256:
4201:
1677:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1256:"Single-parent families double likelihood of child mental illness"
1065:
Belle, Deborah (1990-03-01). "Poverty and women's mental health".
389:
292:
128:
124:
76:
60:
4583:
4323:
4260:
3450:
2971:"America's Children: Family Structure and Children's Well-Being"
1476:"The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children: An Update"
1209:
B.D. Whitehead The Divorce Culture Alfred Knopf, New York (1997)
801:
172:
84:
4098:
3265:
99:
Single parenthood has been common historically due to parental
4206:
3724:
2455:, United Kingdom Department of Work and Pensions, 14 June 2012
2422:, United Kingdom Office for National Statistics, 23 March 2006
2419:
Labour Market Statistics, Labour Market Review 2006 – archived
108:
2984:
Geographic Distribution: London has most lone-parent families
2562:(Press release). United States Census Bureau. 3 November 2011
1508:"Single Parent Households – How Does it Affect the Children?"
91:
is a family with children that is headed by a single parent.
87:, childbirth by a single person or single-person adoption. A
3261:
2797:
Family demography and post-2015 development agenda in Africa
2098:"Need to understand the rights of a single mother by choice"
723:
The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia,
550:
506:
within the country, and the social changes brought about by
2325:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2277:
2265:
888:, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2011, 42:871-890.
4094:
2534:
America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-being
1730:"Child gender and father involvement in fragile families"
301:, dedicated to war widows who raised their children alone
1728:
Lundberg, Shelly; McLanahan, Sara; Rose, Elaina (2007).
1937:"Single Parent Adoption: Challenges of Single Adoption"
2222:"2013 Census QuickStats about families and households"
363:, however such marriages fail more often than others.
867:
Table SF1.3.A. Living arrangements of children by age
227:
regularities of drug abuse, personality disorder and
2582:"The Most Important Statistics About Single Parents"
855:
Chart SF1.2.A. Living arrangements of children, 2017
819:"Table 1337. Single-Parent Households: 1980 to 2009"
4786:
4687:
4646:
4597:
4514:
4406:
4366:
4309:
4274:
4239:
4175:
4041:
3950:
3867:
3791:
3743:
3602:
3499:
3394:
3299:
3249:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
3220:Shattuck, Rachel M.; Kreider, Rose M. (May 2012).
2938:Dependent Children: 1 in 4 in lone-parent families
2500:"The Rise – and Fall? – of Single-Parent Families"
2438:, Office for National Statistics, 28 November 2006
1673:"Fragile Families and the Reproduction of Poverty"
1529:
150:and other forms of separation were more common).
48:"Motherless" redirects here. For other uses, see
3207:"Group Resists Korean Stigma for Unwed Mothers"
1614:McLanahan, Sara; Beck, Audrey N. (2010-01-01).
2261:
2259:
970:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
214:mothers. The occurrence of moderate to severe
4110:
3277:
2467:"Paying the price: The long road to recovery"
2250:
8:
2008:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1616:"Parental relationships in fragile families"
1536:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
1236:Fransson E, LĂĄftman SB, Ă–stberg V, Hjern A,
2954:"Family Life: Stresses of Single Parenting"
2338:Mbanjwa, Siya; Harvey, Clare (2023-11-17).
1528:Eisenberg, Leon; Brown, Sarah Hart (1995).
1244:. Child Indicators Research. 2017 Jan:1-23.
806:SF1.1:Family size and household composition
205:percentage in Sweden had increased to 28%.
180:increased from 20% in 1980 to 30% in 2008.
4594:
4117:
4103:
4095:
3284:
3270:
3262:
2771:
2759:
2363:
1810:
1745:
1704:
1647:
1590:
1491:
1117:
780:. University of Oregon. 24 February 2012
420:Single people are eligible to apply for
3240:Solomon-Fears, Carmen (July 30, 2014).
2200:. India: We the People Network, Delhi.
680:
2452:Households Below Average Income (HBAI)
2001:
1559:"Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing"
797:
795:
713:Single Parent Law and Legal Definition
2658:"The Bachelor Life Includes a Family"
2656:Navarro, Mireya (September 5, 2008).
2435:General Household Survey, 2005 Report
2171:SCC Online, SCC Times (20 May 2016).
1060:
1058:
909:
907:
547:Family structure in the United States
359:acceptable, they sometimes result in
7:
2536:. www.childstats.gov. Archived from
1939:. Adoptions Together. Archived from
590:According to a 2016 report from the
2956:. American Academy of Pediatricians
2734:Williamson, AJ (27 November 2023).
1862:"Single Parent Adoptions: Why Not?"
1346:Journal of Divorce & Remarriage
761:Kent's Commentaries on American Law
541:Single parents in the United States
4084:Parents Against Child Exploitation
3205:Sang-Hun, Choe (October 7, 2009).
3169:Journal of Marriage and the Family
3035:hardback; 978-1-78238-223-2 ebook.
2901:Journal of Marriage and the Family
2530:"Single Parent Success Foundation"
1889:Children and Youth Services Review
1453:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1979.tb00814.x
1323:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1982.tb01014.x
25:
4054:Mothers Apart from Their Children
3001:Journal of Divorce and Remarriage
2485:"FastStats – Births and Natality"
2228:. 4 November 2014. Archived from
2196:Nigam, Shalu (18 February 2024).
1119:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04061.x
644:Single Parents in UK Parliaments
628:
3912:Management of domestic violence
3758:Corporal punishment in the home
2698:The United States Census Bureau
2677:Thompson, Derek (Oct 1, 2013).
1834:Kale, Sirin (29 January 2020).
763:, p. 125, n. 1 (14th ed. 1896).
309:not infrequently resulted in a
156:Child Welfare League of America
4622:Genealogical numbering systems
4069:National Fatherhood Initiative
3243:Nonmarital Births: An Overview
2071:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche.
1967:Australian Social Trends, 2007
1864:. Adopting.org. Archived from
1671:McLanahan, Sara (2009-01-01).
1276:Journal of Marriage and Family
1106:Journal of Nursing Scholarship
277:Office for National Statistics
43:Single Mother (disambiguation)
39:Single Father (disambiguation)
1:
4761:International Day of Families
4421:Australian Aboriginal kinship
4074:National Parents Organization
3799:Adverse childhood experiences
3126:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00039-4
2344:African Journal of Disability
1901:10.1016/S0190-7409(85)80005-0
1418:. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
465:At the 2013 census, 17.8% of
3839:Effects of domestic violence
3481:Social emotional development
3106:Evolution and Human Behavior
2889:Resources in other libraries
2813:Social Work in Public Health
1860:Cake-Hanson-Cormell (2001).
1393:10.1080/01494929.2011.586300
1381:Marriage & Family Review
1358:10.1080/10502556.2011.556973
778:The Adoption History Project
3655:Identification (psychology)
1416:Public and Private Families
877:Bjarnason T, Arnarsson AA.
699:Collins English Dictionary
592:United States Census Bureau
284:Causes of single-parenthood
50:Motherless (disambiguation)
4911:
4079:Parent–teacher association
3854:Parental abuse by children
3735:Positive Parenting Program
3685:Parent management training
3680:Normative social influence
2498:O'Hare, Bill (July 2001).
1311:The Sociological Quarterly
1254:David Batty (2006-02-21).
1079:10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.385
687:Miriam-Webster Dictionary
544:
538:
351:
321:
297:Statue of a mother at the
47:
36:
32:Single Parents (TV series)
29:
4722:National Grandparents Day
4132:
4064:National Childbirth Trust
3859:Stress in early childhood
3579:Taking children seriously
3411:Applied behavior analysis
3198:Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
2884:Resources in your library
2826:10.1080/19371910802569732
2681:– via The Atlantic.
2251:Ntoimo & Mutanda 2020
982:10.1007/s00127-005-0005-3
928:10.1017/s0033291796004060
774:"Single Parent Adoptions"
561:2010 United States Census
394:A single mother and child
3720:The talk (sex education)
3431:Developmental psychology
3200:. Little Rock, Arkansas.
2052:www.humanservices.gov.au
1915:"Single Parent Adoption"
1689:10.1177/0002716208324862
1441:Journal of Social Issues
1414:Cherlin, Andrew (2010).
1021:Journal of Social Issues
171:Among all households in
4824:Sociology of the family
4664:Philia (brotherly love)
4240:Second-degree relatives
3927:Parental responsibility
3887:Cost of raising a child
2722:SocINDEX with Full Text
2718:Social Science Research
2356:10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1321
2096:A, Aruna (2021-09-14).
1785:Fiese, Barbara (2016).
1474:Amato, Paul R. (2014).
1173:The Heritage Foundation
1033:10.1111/0022-4537.00188
649:Cost of raising a child
614:has had a tradition of
324:Implications of divorce
4669:Storge (familial love)
4275:Third-degree relatives
4177:First-degree relatives
3077:Sociology of Education
3048:Sociology of Education
2772:Kawewe & Moyo 2009
2760:Kawewe & Moyo 2009
2724:. Web. 18 March. 2017.
2394:. 2010. Archived from
2226:Statistics New Zealand
2126:The New Indian Express
1620:The Future of Children
1563:The Future of Children
1480:Društvena Istraživanja
916:Psychological Medicine
725:Single-Parent Families
555:
438:Supreme Court of India
395:
302:
18:Single-parent families
4819:Middle child syndrome
4778:National Adoption Day
4654:Agape (parental love)
4049:Families Need Fathers
3610:After-school activity
3534:Concerted cultivation
3529:Buddha-like parenting
3461:Nature versus nurture
3426:Cognitive development
3013:10.1300/j087v35n01_02
1963:"One Parent Families"
1747:10.1353/dem.2007.0007
1632:10.1353/foc.2010.0007
1575:10.1353/foc.2010.0002
1067:American Psychologist
554:
393:
296:
140:ecclesiastical courts
4859:Sibling estrangement
4839:Dysfunctional family
4829:Museum of Motherhood
4766:National Family Week
4632:Quarters of nobility
3907:Right to family life
3834:Dysfunctional family
3544:Free-range parenting
3519:Attachment parenting
3509:Achievement ideology
2720:53.(2015): 191–202.
1986:"QuickStats details"
901:, November 11, 2018.
446:High Court of Kerala
442:High Courts of India
412:In 2003, 14% of all
354:Unintended pregnancy
348:Unintended pregnancy
89:single parent family
4895:Living arrangements
4799:Wedding anniversary
4756:American Family Day
4712:Father–Daughter Day
4659:Eros (marital love)
4408:Kinship terminology
3922:Parental alienation
3849:Narcissistic parent
3773:Positive discipline
3594:Work at home parent
3574:Strict father model
3559:Nurturant parenting
3466:Parental investment
3301:Kinship terminology
3118:2003EHumB..24..376Q
2540:on 16 November 2011
2398:on 24 December 2012
2232:on 13 November 2014
2153:. TNN. Aug 17, 2021
1917:. Adoption Services
897:Statistics Sweden,
835:on 18 February 2015
727:, Sage Publications
689:single parent, noun
275:The United Kingdom
253:teenage pregnancies
4564:collateral descent
3968:T. Berry Brazelton
3705:Social integration
3441:Identity formation
3226:U.S. Census Bureau
3212:The New York Times
3165:Risman, Barbara J.
2799:, pp. 147–169
2692:US Census Bureau.
2663:The New York Times
2610:Infinity Law Group
2326:Wright et al. 2014
2314:Wright et al. 2014
2302:Wright et al. 2014
2290:Wright et al. 2014
2278:Wright et al. 2014
2266:Wright et al. 2014
2151:The Times of India
1868:on 6 December 2008
1803:10.1037/fam0000188
1493:10.5559/di.23.1.01
884:2017-11-19 at the
556:
504:economic migration
396:
303:
243:Impact on children
121:maternal mortality
4872:
4871:
4844:Domestic violence
4642:
4641:
4559:Lineal descendant
4529:Bilateral descent
4282:Great-grandparent
4167:Matrifocal family
4092:
4091:
3902:Family disruption
3824:Cinderella effect
3804:Child abandonment
3778:Tactical ignoring
3675:Moral development
3554:Helicopter parent
3549:Gatekeeper parent
3514:Atlas personality
3491:Social psychology
3436:Human development
3421:Child development
3406:Attachment theory
3033:978-1-78238-222-5
2870:Library resources
2028:www.dcp.wa.gov.au
1543:978-0-309-05230-6
1425:978-0-07-340435-6
804:Family Database,
500:HIV/AIDs epidemic
249:David Blankenhorn
216:mental disability
209:Impact on parents
81:domestic violence
16:(Redirected from
4902:
4834:Astronaut family
4595:
4496:Iroquois kinship
4486:Sudanese kinship
4481:Hawaiian kinship
4456:Family of choice
4287:Great-grandchild
4162:Immediate family
4119:
4112:
4105:
4096:
3942:Shared parenting
3753:Blanket training
3745:Child discipline
3385:In loco parentis
3364:Shared parenting
3286:
3279:
3272:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3216:
3201:
3192:
3175:(4): 1049–1062.
3160:
3136:Family Relations
3129:
3100:
3071:
3024:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2978:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2932:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2837:
2820:(1–2): 161–177.
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2506:. Archived from
2504:Population Today
2495:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2469:. Archived from
2463:
2457:
2456:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:. 16 August 2021
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1943:on 24 April 2014
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1749:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1245:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1016:
1010:
1009:
966:Afifi, Tracie O.
962:
956:
955:
911:
902:
895:
889:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
834:
823:
815:
809:
799:
790:
789:
787:
785:
770:
764:
758:
752:
749:
743:
742:
734:
728:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
638:
633:
632:
600:no fault divorce
454:Delhi High Court
337:Physical custody
331:in reference to
318:Divorced parents
269:shared parenting
198:shared parenting
21:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4864:Sibling rivalry
4782:
4683:
4638:
4627:Seize quartiers
4593:
4534:Common ancestor
4518:
4510:
4476:Chinese kinship
4471:Nurture kinship
4461:Fictive kinship
4402:
4362:
4351:daughter-in-law
4305:
4270:
4235:
4171:
4157:Conjugal family
4152:Extended family
4128:
4123:
4093:
4088:
4037:
4018:Matthew Sanders
3973:Rudolf Dreikurs
3946:
3932:Parents' rights
3892:Deadbeat parent
3869:
3863:
3787:
3739:
3715:The talk (race)
3598:
3589:Tiger parenting
3495:
3390:
3339:Extended family
3295:
3290:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3204:
3195:
3163:
3132:
3103:
3089:10.2307/2673220
3074:
3060:10.2307/2112692
3045:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2981:
2968:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2942:
2935:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2864:Further reading
2855:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2715:
2711:
2702:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1018:
1017:
1013:
964:
963:
959:
913:
912:
905:
896:
892:
886:Wayback Machine
876:
872:
864:
860:
852:
848:
838:
836:
832:
821:
817:
816:
812:
800:
793:
783:
781:
772:
771:
767:
759:
755:
750:
746:
736:
735:
731:
722:
718:
710:
706:
698:
694:
686:
682:
677:
654:Family planning
634:
627:
624:
608:
549:
543:
537:
525:
492:
476:
463:
434:
410:
405:
388:
380:
361:forced marriage
356:
350:
326:
320:
299:Yasukuni Shrine
291:
289:Widowed parents
286:
245:
211:
190:
169:
164:
97:
53:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4885:Single parents
4877:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4732:Children's Day
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4614:
4609:
4607:Pedigree chart
4603:
4601:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Patrilineality
4571:
4569:Matrilineality
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Eskimo kinship
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4343:
4341:Sibling-in-law
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4147:Nuclear family
4144:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:Mothers' Union
4056:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4033:Benjamin Spock
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4013:Penelope Leach
4010:
4008:Annette Lareau
4005:
4000:
3998:Alan E. Kazdin
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3958:Mary Ainsworth
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3870:social aspects
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3635:Dishabituation
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Slow parenting
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3395:Theories
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3376:
3374:Blended family
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3354:Nuclear family
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3237:
3217:
3202:
3193:
3181:10.2307/352114
3161:
3149:10.2307/585557
3143:(3): 277–285.
3130:
3112:(6): 376–390.
3101:
3072:
3037:
3036:
3025:
2996:
2979:
2966:
2950:
2933:
2913:10.2307/353540
2907:(3): 715–723.
2892:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2839:
2838:
2807:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2726:
2709:
2684:
2669:
2648:
2622:
2597:
2573:
2551:
2521:
2510:on 26 May 2013
2490:
2476:
2473:on 2014-12-17.
2458:
2442:
2425:
2409:
2379:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2270:
2255:
2243:
2213:
2206:
2188:
2163:
2138:
2113:
2088:
2063:
2039:
2015:
1990:www.abs.gov.au
1976:
1954:
1928:
1906:
1895:(4): 321–334.
1879:
1852:
1826:
1797:(4): 409–418.
1777:
1720:
1683:(1): 111–131.
1663:
1606:
1549:
1542:
1520:
1499:
1466:
1431:
1424:
1406:
1387:(4): 213–234.
1371:
1352:(4): 203–219.
1336:
1317:(3): 301–319.
1301:
1288:10.2307/353977
1282:(4): 884–894.
1265:
1246:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1160:
1151:
1141:
1112:(4): 337–344.
1092:
1073:(3): 385–389.
1054:
1027:(4): 617–634.
1011:
976:(2): 122–129.
957:
903:
890:
870:
858:
846:
826:www.census.gov
810:
791:
765:
753:
744:
729:
716:
704:
692:
679:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
640:
639:
636:Society portal
623:
620:
607:
604:
581:South Carolina
539:Main article:
536:
533:
529:United Kingdom
524:
523:United Kingdom
521:
516:child benefits
491:
488:
475:
472:
462:
459:
433:
430:
409:
406:
404:
401:
387:
384:
379:
376:
352:Main article:
349:
346:
319:
316:
307:maternal death
290:
287:
285:
282:
257:Suet-Ling Pong
244:
241:
210:
207:
189:
186:
168:
165:
163:
160:
117:work accidents
101:mortality rate
96:
93:
27:Type of parent
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4907:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4854:Sibling abuse
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4794:Single parent
4792:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:Relationships
4645:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4589:Royal descent
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4506:Omaha kinship
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Consanguinity
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:Parent-in-law
4334:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4311:Family-in-law
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:Organizations
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:B. F. Skinner
4026:
4024:
4023:William Sears
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Thomas Gordon
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Child support
3880:
3878:
3877:Child custody
3875:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Child neglect
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Homeschooling
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Socialization
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Paternal bond
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3456:Maternal bond
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:Single parent
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Alloparenting
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2955:
2951:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2875:Single parent
2871:
2863:
2848:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2774:, p. 172
2773:
2768:
2765:
2762:, p. 166
2761:
2756:
2753:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2645:on 2013-03-04
2641:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2487:. 2018-08-08.
2486:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2253:, p. 150
2252:
2247:
2244:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2207:9798879683103
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2142:
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2117:
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2099:
2092:
2089:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2005:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1973:. 2007-07-08.
1972:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1880:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:J Fam Psychol
1788:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1602:
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1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:(2): 87–112.
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1521:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
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1435:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1417:
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1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
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1297:
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1285:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
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1247:
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1233:
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1120:
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1103:
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945:
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748:
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720:
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693:
690:
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667:
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664:Single person
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
637:
631:
626:
621:
619:
617:
613:
610:Historically
605:
603:
601:
597:
593:
588:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
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548:
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535:United States
534:
532:
530:
522:
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:, increasing
501:
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489:
487:
485:
481:
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468:
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455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
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429:
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418:
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400:
392:
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383:
377:
375:
372:
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364:
362:
355:
347:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
329:Child custody
325:
317:
315:
312:
308:
300:
295:
288:
283:
281:
278:
273:
270:
265:
264:Emma Fransson
260:
258:
254:
250:
247:According to
242:
240:
236:
235:high as 60%.
232:
230:
224:
221:
217:
208:
206:
202:
199:
194:
187:
185:
181:
177:
174:
166:
161:
159:
157:
151:
149:
146:life (though
145:
141:
136:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
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78:
74:
70:
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58:
57:single parent
51:
44:
40:
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4793:
4727:Parents' Day
4717:Siblings Day
4707:Father's Day
4695:Mother's Day
4679:Polyfidelity
4674:Filial piety
4599:Family trees
4501:Crow kinship
4451:Estrangement
4346:Child-in-law
4266:Niece/Nephew
3978:David Elkind
3829:Codependency
3814:Child labour
3670:Latchkey kid
3660:Introjection
3446:Introjection
3396:
3383:
3368:
3349:Noncustodial
3251:. Retrieved
3242:
3229:. Retrieved
3210:
3197:
3172:
3168:
3140:
3134:
3109:
3105:
3083:(1): 23–42.
3080:
3076:
3054:(1): 48–65.
3051:
3047:
3038:
3004:
3000:
2989:, retrieved
2983:
2975:Backgrounder
2974:
2958:. Retrieved
2943:, retrieved
2937:
2904:
2900:
2874:
2854:, retrieved
2845:
2817:
2811:
2801:, retrieved
2796:
2782:Bibliography
2767:
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2701:. Retrieved
2697:
2687:
2672:
2661:
2651:
2640:the original
2631:
2625:
2614:. Retrieved
2612:. 2016-03-28
2609:
2600:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2538:the original
2533:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2508:the original
2503:
2493:
2479:
2471:the original
2461:
2451:
2445:
2434:
2428:
2418:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2396:the original
2388:"Statistics"
2382:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2328:, p. 41
2321:
2316:, p. 39
2309:
2304:, p. 38
2297:
2292:, p. 37
2285:
2280:, p. 36
2273:
2268:, p. 40
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2230:the original
2216:
2197:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2150:
2141:
2130:. Retrieved
2125:
2116:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:
2091:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:
2066:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:
2018:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1979:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:the original
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1909:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1866:the original
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1840:The Guardian
1839:
1829:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1740:(1): 79–92.
1737:
1733:
1723:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1626:(2): 17–37.
1623:
1619:
1609:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1531:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1502:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1447:(4): 79–96.
1444:
1440:
1434:
1415:
1409:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1260:the Guardian
1259:
1249:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1154:
1144:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1070:
1066:
1024:
1020:
1014:
973:
969:
960:
922:(1): 21–33.
919:
915:
893:
873:
861:
849:
837:. Retrieved
830:the original
825:
813:
782:. Retrieved
777:
768:
760:
756:
747:
737:Gay Brunet.
732:
719:
707:
695:
683:
669:Sole custody
659:Marriage gap
609:
596:Child Trends
589:
585:
557:
526:
496:South Africa
493:
490:South Africa
480:Sierra Leone
477:
474:Sierra Leone
464:
440:and various
435:
427:
419:
411:
397:
381:
373:
369:
365:
357:
342:
327:
304:
274:
261:
246:
237:
233:
225:
212:
203:
195:
191:
182:
178:
170:
162:Demographics
152:
133:
98:
88:
56:
54:
4809:Birth order
4554:Inheritance
4539:Family name
4398:Stepsibling
4292:Great-uncle
4247:Grandparent
3988:Haim Ginott
3963:John Bowlby
3809:Child abuse
3729:educational
3645:Habituation
3630:Co-sleeping
3416:Behaviorism
3344:Foster care
3334:Coparenting
2392:Gingerbread
2236:11 December
2181:26 February
1238:Bergström M
565:Mississippi
508:colonialism
484:Mende women
467:New Zealand
461:New Zealand
262:In Sweden,
75:, becoming
73:abandonment
4879:Categories
4814:Only child
4744:Family Day
4617:Ahnentafel
4579:Progenitor
4441:Disownment
4386:stepmother
4381:stepfather
4376:Stepparent
4368:Stepfamily
4356:son-in-law
4296:Great-aunt
4252:Grandchild
4003:Truby King
3897:Disownment
3710:Television
3700:Role model
3625:Child care
3603:Techniques
3569:Soccer mom
3539:Enmeshment
3476:Pediatrics
3231:2 December
2960:8 November
2856:2024-06-18
2803:2024-06-19
2703:2018-12-07
2616:2016-03-28
2591:2017-12-06
2586:The Spruce
2544:9 November
2514:9 November
2402:8 November
2176:SCC Online
2157:2021-11-27
2132:2021-11-27
2107:2021-11-27
2082:2021-11-27
2057:2016-05-17
2033:2016-05-17
1995:2016-05-17
1734:Demography
1178:2017-01-18
839:4 November
711:US Legal,
675:References
573:New Mexico
545:See also:
414:Australian
403:By country
322:See also:
167:Households
4890:Parenting
4804:Godparent
4516:Genealogy
4393:Stepchild
4142:Household
3937:Paternity
3868:Legal and
3768:Grounding
3665:Kommune 1
3640:Education
3615:Allowance
3524:Baby talk
3379:Surrogacy
3293:Parenting
3021:145109403
3007:: 29–56.
2929:144979354
2102:Legal Bay
1756:0070-3370
1697:0002-7162
1640:1054-8289
1583:1054-8289
1461:1540-4560
1401:144236587
1366:143613787
1331:143647741
1128:1547-5069
1087:1935-990X
1041:1540-4560
990:0933-7954
936:1469-8978
739:"Orphans"
569:Louisiana
512:apartheid
408:Australia
148:annulment
4688:Holidays
4612:Genogram
4549:Heredity
4544:Heirloom
4466:Marriage
4431:Affinity
4426:Adoption
4212:daughter
3983:Jo Frost
3917:Marriage
3783:Time-out
3359:Orphaned
3324:Adoptive
3253:7 August
2834:19229781
2566:23 April
2374:38059152
2365:10696581
2350:: 1321.
2004:cite web
1947:23 April
1921:23 April
1872:23 April
1821:26866836
1772:21148498
1764:17461337
1715:20204078
1658:20964130
1601:20964133
1513:23 April
1486:: 5–24.
1136:15636414
1006:37493744
998:16467954
952:22273721
882:Archived
784:23 April
622:See also
616:polygamy
612:Zimbabwe
606:Zimbabwe
422:adoption
386:Adoption
188:Children
113:homicide
69:break-up
4787:Related
4521:lineage
4446:Divorce
4416:Kinship
4329:husband
4224:brother
4219:Sibling
4137:History
3951:Experts
3727: (
3692: (
3620:Bedtime
3584:Theybie
3114:Bibcode
3097:2673220
3068:2112692
2991:17 July
2945:17 July
2745:19 June
1845:17 June
1812:4886836
1706:2831755
1649:3053572
1592:3074431
1049:2946124
944:9122302
577:Florida
527:In the
333:divorce
311:widower
220:anxiety
135:Divorce
105:disease
103:due to
95:History
77:widowed
65:divorce
4849:Incest
4749:Canada
4319:Spouse
4301:Cousin
4229:sister
4195:father
4190:mother
4185:Parent
4126:Family
3844:Incest
3763:Curfew
3501:Styles
3319:Father
3314:Mother
3309:Parent
3189:352114
3187:
3157:585557
3155:
3095:
3066:
3031:
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2927:
2921:353540
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2872:about
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2077:DW.COM
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988:
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452:. The
378:Choice
144:family
4737:Japan
4257:Uncle
4202:Child
3792:Abuse
3399:Areas
3247:(PDF)
3185:JSTOR
3153:JSTOR
3093:JSTOR
3064:JSTOR
3017:S2CID
2925:S2CID
2917:JSTOR
2850:(PDF)
2793:(PDF)
2643:(PDF)
2636:(PDF)
1768:S2CID
1397:S2CID
1362:S2CID
1327:S2CID
1292:JSTOR
1149:78–95
1045:S2CID
1002:S2CID
948:S2CID
833:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
432:India
129:China
125:Milan
61:death
4700:U.S.
4584:Clan
4519:and
4324:wife
4261:Aunt
3694:date
3690:Play
3451:Love
3255:2014
3233:2013
3029:ISBN
2993:2006
2962:2012
2947:2006
2830:PMID
2747:2024
2568:2014
2546:2011
2516:2011
2404:2012
2370:PMID
2238:2014
2202:ISBN
2183:2024
2010:link
1971:4102
1949:2014
1923:2014
1874:2014
1847:2024
1817:PMID
1760:PMID
1752:ISSN
1711:PMID
1693:ISSN
1654:PMID
1636:ISSN
1597:PMID
1579:ISSN
1538:ISBN
1515:2014
1457:ISSN
1420:ISBN
1132:PMID
1124:ISSN
1083:ISSN
1037:ISSN
994:PMID
986:ISSN
940:PMID
932:ISSN
841:2014
802:OECD
786:2014
579:and
510:and
436:The
229:PTSD
173:OECD
119:and
109:wars
85:rape
41:and
4207:son
3725:Toy
3177:doi
3145:doi
3122:doi
3085:doi
3056:doi
3009:doi
2909:doi
2822:doi
2740:CNN
2360:PMC
2352:doi
1897:doi
1807:PMC
1799:doi
1742:doi
1701:PMC
1685:doi
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1644:PMC
1628:doi
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1571:doi
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1449:doi
1389:doi
1354:doi
1319:doi
1284:doi
1114:doi
1075:doi
1029:doi
978:doi
924:doi
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478:In
450:IVF
142:in
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2100:.
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2006:}}
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