387:
These might be nine separate targets, or perhaps three targets which the shooter will "sweep" three times. They then lay the rifle back down on the hay bale with action open and chamber empty and runs to the right where their shotgun is staged. Since shotguns are always staged open and empty, the shooter retrieves their gun and loads it with a maximum of two rounds (regardless of the type of shotgun) and engages two knock-down targets, reloads and engages two more knock-down targets (which must fall to score). The shooter then lays their open and empty shotgun back on the hay bale and draws their second revolver. This time the shooter engages three revolver targets in what is known as a "Nevada sweep" (left, center, right, center, left) for a total of five rounds.
343:
436:(shooting glasses) must be worn at all times. In a typical stage the shooter, who is next in line to compete, will load their guns at a loading table under the supervision of a designated loading official. Western-style "six-shooters" are always loaded with only five rounds with the empty chamber under the hammer. The shooter's rifle will also be loaded with the requisite number of rounds with the hammer down on an empty chamber. Shotguns are always left unloaded, then loaded "on the clock".
335:
138:
453:"sack of gold" from a safe and carry it in one hand while shooting with their other hand. Another stage may have a shooter rescuing a baby (doll) and having to carry the "child" through the entire stage while engaging the targets. Other props may include buckboards, chuck wagons, stagecoaches, and "horses" as well as jail cells, oak barrels, hitching posts, swinging saloon doors, etc.
440:
theme of the Old West's cowboy attire, all shooters must wear safety glasses while on the firing line in addition to other important safety rules and more than some other shooting sports have. Many of these safety requirements are due to the nature of reproduction single action revolvers with fixed cylinders, and repeating rifles with non-removable tubular magazines.
639:. All ammunition for pistols or rifles must also meet a minimum power factor of 150, calculated by multiplying the bullet weight in grains and the muzzle velocity in feet per second and then dividing the result by 1,000. Additionally, maximum muzzle velocities are limited to 1,000 ft/s for pistol ammunition and 1,400 ft/s for rifle ammunition.
351:
plates that ring when hit. Sometimes reactive targets such as steel knockdown plates or clay birds are used. Misses add five seconds to the competitor's time; safety violations and other procedural violations add 10 seconds. Competition is close and contested with the national and world championships attracting over 700 competitors.
366:
Each shooter's "raw" time for the stage is increased by five seconds for each missed target and ten seconds for any procedural penalty incurred. The fastest adjusted time wins. Targets shot out of proper order incur a procedural penalty, though only one procedural penalty can be assessed per shooter
439:
At a typical cowboy action range, all guns are kept unloaded except when the shooter prepares at the loading table, shoots the stage, then proceeds to the unloading table to unload the revolvers and prove that all guns are empty. Whether guns are loaded or empty, CAS emphasizes safety. Even with the
390:
After the competitor is finished shooting, the range officer tells the shooter to take their long guns and go to the unloading table where another shooter supervises the unloading and verifies that the guns are unloaded. The shooter's time is then recorded and any misses or penalties added. Targets
382:
When coming to the line, the shooter places their guns as required by the stage description. When the competitor steps to the start position, the range officer conducting the stage asks if the shooter understands the course of fire and clarifies any questions the shooter may have. The range officer
370:
In "rank-point scoring" the top shooter of a match is determined by adding up each shooter's ranking for each stage, with the lowest score winning. For example, if a shooter places first in every stage in a 10-stage match, the shooter's score would be 10 (a 1 for each stage) and would be the lowest
290:
outfit and apparel. One exception to this is that safety glasses and hearing protection must be worn when shooting. Depending on the standards of the sanctioning organization, clothing may be historically accurate for the late 19th century or may just be suggestive of the Old West. Some groups allow
452:
In addition to requiring shooters to wear Old West attire, the
Western theme of the matches is enhanced by having suitable targets and props for the stages. For example, a stage may be set in a bank and the shooter will be required to shoot through a barred "teller" window, then perhaps retrieve a
362:
Shooters are timed using electronic timers which record the duration for each stage to one one-hundredth of a second. The timer starts when the range officer pushes the button which beeps to signal that the shooter may proceed. The timer has a built-in microphone and records the time when each shot
765:
An offshoot of cowboy action shooting is cowboy mounted shooting, also sometimes called
Western mounted shooting, or simply mounted shooting. Events require that the contestant ride a horse through a course of fire while carrying the same guns used in cowboy action shooting. The rider shoots up to
350:
Competition involves a number of separate shooting scenarios known as "stages". Stages are always different, each typically requiring ten revolver rounds (shooters generally carry two single-action revolvers), nine or ten rifle rounds, and two to eight shotgun rounds. Targets typically are steel
443:
The range officer is responsible for safely conducting the shooter through the stage. The range officer's attention is not on the targets but rather on the shooter and their firearms. One important duty of the range officer is to immediately stop the shooter if the shooter's gun or ammunition is
666:
In recent years, various clubs that host wild bunch matches have begun expanding and developing other categories using various other rifles in lieu of a pistol-caliber lever-action rifle. Though these categories are not yet officially sanctioned by SASS, they have proven to be quite popular with
386:
An example of a stage might have the shooter draw their first revolver and engage five steel targets, then holster their first revolver and move to the left to where their rifle is staged. They retrieve the rifle and engage the rifle targets, which are set farther away than the pistol targets.
589:
being very popular. Ammunition is generally loaded at medium to full power levels, although many junior shooters or women prefer to shoot lighter calibers (such as .32 and .38). A noted trend among some shooters is to use light loads to reduce recoil and improve their times. This tends to run
176:. Cowboy action shooting is now practiced in many places with several sanctioning organizations including the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS), Western Action Shootists Association (WASA), and National Congress of Old West Shooters (NCOWS), and Single Action Shooting Australia (SASA).
417:
Many countries have their own respective national championship including: Australia, New
Zealand, Canada, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, The Nederlands, Denmark, Italy, Hungary, South Africa, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Serbia.
317:
out of the Old West or have an "old west flair". Aliases are registered with the sanctioning body so they are unique to the participant. Many find it necessary to be creative in selecting an alias as virtually all historical names such as
541:
Classic cowboy/Classic cowgirl – Shooters have specific clothing requirements and shoot
Duelist or Double Duelist style using .40 caliber or larger, rimmed cartridges; shotguns must be external hammer double barrel, single shot, or lever
647:
Wild bunch has two primary SASS-sanctioned categories based upon the style of 1911 pistol and the shooter's grip style that are used. Each main category has respective divisions for men, women and junior participants.
242:
Competition in a CAS match generally requires four guns: two revolvers, a shotgun, and a rifle chambered in a centerfire revolver caliber of a type in use prior to 1899. Some CAS matches also offer side events for
238:
lever-action shotguns are also allowed. Both original and reproduction guns are acceptable. All CAS handguns must be "single-action", meaning that the hammer must be manually cocked before each shot can be fired.
383:
asks if the shooter is ready, tells the shooter to "stand by", and starts the timer within two to five seconds. When started, the timer gives an audible electronic tone and the shooter begins the stage.
187:-themed" courses of fire for time and accuracy. Participants must dress in appropriate theme or era costumes, as well as use gear and accessories as mandated by the respective sanctioning group rules.
616:
According to SASS, this form uses "firearms typical of those used in the taming of the Old West just after the turn of the 20th century". The revolvers used in normal SASS events are replaced with a
747:
In SASS-sanctioned wild bunch shooting events, the typical attire worn by participants is that of early-20th century military, late-19th to early-20th century western (such as that worn in the film
379:
Every stage at a match is intended to be different. Sometimes only two types of guns are used or perhaps even only one. Occasionally a shooter is required to reload a firearm while being timed.
371:
score possible. There is some controversy as to whether "rank points" or "total time" is a better system. SASS in 2017 moved to total time scoring and discarded the rank point scoring system.
346:
Steel targets down range at the stage. The shooter engages the targets with different weapons, using a rifle for the distant red targets, and revolvers for the closer blue targets.
359:
Shooters compete one at a time against the clock. Most matches are scored simply by "total time" minus bonuses and plus penalties. Other matches are scored by "rank points".
472:
There are many other categories, especially at the local level, but the below are representative of the main types of categories one finds at cowboy action shooting events.
573:
Gunfighter – Shooter uses two revolvers at once when the stage allows, otherwise shoots right-side revolver with right hand only and left-side revolver with left hand only
1171:
1181:
1153:
469:
All of the below categories may also be shot as lady categories; there is no men's category (all are considered open), and ladies may shoot in open categories.
654:• Modern – Uses either an original-design M1911/M1911A1 pistol or a modern-style 1911 pistol. Participants may use either a traditional one-handed or a
141:
A CAS shooter engages a target with his lever-action rifle. To the left, the range officer with a timer that measures the shooter's stage time.
849:
779:
1191:
789:
705:– Named after the 26th president of the United States, and, notably, the leader of the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry; known as the "
674:– Named after the famed infantryman of World War I, this category uses the bolt-action military rifles of the era. Rifles such as the
1070:
461:
No money or merchandise prizes are offered in CAS, but often there are drawings and prizes, ensuring a more family-oriented sport.
1201:
256:
402:
Land Run – United States
National Championship of Cowboy Action Shooting at the Oklahoma City Gun Club, Arcadia, Oklahoma, US
44:
651:• Traditional – Uses an original-design M1911/M1911A1 pistol, and the participant must use a traditional one-handed grip.
1140:
235:
724:– Named after the heralded World War II veteran and Medal of Honor recipient, this category uses a semiautomatic
173:
1196:
411:
Australia
National Championship. Australia and New Zealand also have their own respective state championships.
399:
End of Trail – World
Championship of Cowboy Action Shooting at Ben Avery Shooting Range, Phoenix, Arizona, US
1176:
1027:
998:
969:
940:
911:
882:
760:
363:
happens. When there is no more noise, the timer continues to display the final time which is the raw score.
342:
276:
251:, speed shotgun, and other specialty shooting events. Replica firearms are available from companies such as
215:
1186:
231:
636:
625:
621:
227:
39:
526:
B-Western – Shooters wear clothing inspired by the B-Western films of the 1930s and 1940s, starring
702:
635:, rifles must be chambered for pistol cartridges of .40 caliber or greater, and shotguns must be
326:
have long since been claimed. Registered names cannot sound the same as another registered name.
200:
116:
628:
pump-action shotguns are allowed. As in traditional CAS, originals and replicas are acceptable.
334:
1111:
1066:
1060:
845:
675:
287:
17:
767:
655:
550:
531:
296:
272:
264:
126:
405:
Regionals – Western, Four
Corners, Midwest, Northwest, Southwest, Southeast, and Northeast
1144:
260:
709:". This category uses a rifle-caliber lever-action rifle chambered in cartridges such as
784:
604:
433:
169:
137:
76:
560:
revolvers, shot duelist style, and side-by-side double-barrel or lever-action shotguns
1165:
691:
323:
222:– with or without external hammers, although automatic ejectors are not allowed), or
106:
721:
706:
679:
617:
557:
546:
207:
1056:
729:
687:
582:
578:
577:
In addition to percussion (cap and ball) weapons, many firearms are center-fire
408:
State
Championships – Each State holds their own respective state championship.
244:
223:
770:
certified to break a target balloon within twenty feet instead of live rounds.
725:
527:
319:
248:
183:
match using a combination of handguns, rifles, and shotguns in a variety of "
736:
535:
314:
219:
538:" type gunbelt/holster rigs are required, and the shooter must wear spurs.
172:
that originated in the early 1980s, at the Coto de Caza
Shooting Range in
865:
671:
586:
301:
203:
184:
180:
1137:
1149:
1089:
695:
632:
292:
268:
211:
196:
94:
86:
710:
482:
842:
The Gun Digest Book of Cowboy Action Shooting: Guns · Gear · Tactics
570:
Duelist/Double duelist– Shooter uses only one hand to fire revolvers
714:
341:
333:
252:
136:
90:
683:
291:
for costume similar to that worn by characters in a Western
1106:
1101:
1065:. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. pp. 299–300.
1037:. Single Action Shooting Society. October 2010. p. 11
1116:
1008:. Single Action Shooting Society. October 2010. p. 9
979:. Single Action Shooting Society. October 2010. p. 6
950:. Single Action Shooting Society. October 2010. p. 4
921:. Single Action Shooting Society. October 2010. p. 3
892:. Single Action Shooting Society. October 2010. p. 1
698:
and other World War I bolt-action rifles, are permitted.
631:
In SASS Wild Bunch matches, pistols must be chambered in
121:
End of Trail World Championship of Cowboy Action Shooting
286:
Competitors are required to wear an Old West-style or
739:
in Garand action military match (GAMM) side matches.
598:
One variant of CAS, currently sanctioned by SASS, is
414:
European National Championship – Days of Truth (DOT)
565:
Categories based on how the shooter fires their guns
125:
115:
105:
100:
82:
72:
64:
59:
51:
37:
751:), Roosevelt's "Rough Riders", or Mexican period.
581:or larger with revolvers and rifles chambered in
620:; lever-action rifles remain in use, while only
391:are scored by three observers who count misses.
497:Silver senior/Lady silver senior: age 65 and up
8:
226:shotguns with external hammers (such as the
32:
877:
875:
503:Cattle baron/Cattle baroness: age 75 and up
491:Forty-niner/Lady forty-niner: age 49 and up
31:
500:Elder statesman/Grand dame: age 70 and up
444:defective in any potentially unsafe way.
199:typical of the mid-to-late 19th century:
1172:Games and sports introduced in the 1980s
801:
590:contrary to the "spirit of the game".
1182:Reenactment of the late modern period
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
780:List of shooting sports organizations
488:Wrangler/Lady wrangler: age 36 and up
7:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
790:Shooting ranges in the United States
602:; inspired by the 1969 western film
479:Junior boy/Junior girl: 16 and under
179:Cowboy action shooting is a type of
1102:SASS Single Action Shooting Society
1035:Wild Bunch Action Shooting Handbook
1006:Wild Bunch Action Shooting Handbook
977:Wild Bunch Action Shooting Handbook
948:Wild Bunch Action Shooting Handbook
919:Wild Bunch Action Shooting Handbook
890:Wild Bunch Action Shooting Handbook
424:Badlands Bar3 – Comin' Back At Cha
545:Frontier cartridge – Shooters use
25:
844:. Gun Digest Books. p. 256.
494:Senior/Lady senior: age 60 and up
476:Buckaroo/Buckarette: 13 and under
883:"Single Action Shooting Society"
766:ten balloon targets. Events use
485:/ Cowgirl – shooters of all ages
195:CAS requires competitors to use
45:Single Action Shooting Society
18:Single Action Shooting Society
1:
338:Props surrounding a CAS stage
275:, Pietta, Armi San Marco and
1154:Bund Deutscher Sportschützen
1124:Cowboy Fast Draw Association
556:Frontiersman – Shooters use
313:Participants must select an
299:or a television series like
1192:North American martial arts
1127:World Fast Draw Association
1117:Mounted Shooters of America
667:participants in the sport.
210:rifles chambered in pistol
1218:
1143:November 12, 2010, at the
941:"1911 Pistol Requirements"
758:
684:Karabiner Model 1931 (K31)
600:wild bunch action shooting
27:Competitive shooting sport
912:"SASS Firearms Covenants"
735:Wild bunch also uses the
676:M1903/M1903A3 Springfield
174:Orange County, California
1090:CowboyActionShooting.com
234:slide-action rifles and
216:double-barreled shotguns
1112:Cowboy Mounted Shooting
761:Cowboy mounted shooting
755:Cowboy mounted shooting
728:rifle chambered in the
662:Unsanctioned categories
277:U.S. Fire Arms Mfg. Co.
154:Western action shooting
1202:Shooting sports events
1059:(September 28, 2005).
999:"Shotgun Requirements"
347:
339:
158:single action shooting
146:Cowboy action shooting
142:
33:Cowboy action shooting
1062:Single Action Sixguns
840:Taffin, John (2005).
686:, as well as various
643:Sanctioned categories
626:Winchester Model 1912
622:Winchester Model 1897
534:" Boyd, and others. "
421:Other major matches:
345:
337:
218:(also referred to as
140:
1152:, a division of the
1150:BDS-Westernschiessen
1132:International groups
970:"Rifle Requirements"
232:1884 Colt Lightning
214:, and side-by-side
168:) is a competitive
117:World Championships
40:governing body
34:
680:Mosin-Nagant M1891
348:
340:
247:"buffalo rifles",
143:
851:978-0-89689-140-1
658:two-handed grip.
553:in all their guns
288:Victorian fashion
135:
134:
16:(Redirected from
1209:
1077:
1076:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1003:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
974:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
945:
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
916:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
887:
879:
870:
869:
862:
856:
855:
837:
768:blank ammunition
711:30–30 Winchester
551:smokeless powder
532:Hopalong Cassidy
297:Hopalong Cassidy
152:, also known as
35:
21:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1197:Shooting sports
1162:
1161:
1145:Wayback Machine
1086:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1001:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
972:
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
943:
939:
938:
934:
924:
922:
914:
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
885:
881:
880:
873:
864:
863:
859:
852:
839:
838:
803:
798:
776:
763:
757:
745:
703:Teddy Roosevelt
664:
645:
614:
596:
523:: age 85 and up
513:: age 80 and up
467:
459:
450:
430:
397:
377:
357:
332:
311:
284:
236:Winchester 1887
228:Winchester 1897
193:
60:Characteristics
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Cowboy culture
1174:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1084:External links
1082:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1048:
1019:
990:
961:
932:
903:
871:
868:. sassnet.com.
866:"Alias Lookup"
857:
850:
800:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
787:
785:Bridgeport rig
782:
775:
772:
759:Main article:
756:
753:
749:The Wild Bunch
744:
741:
663:
660:
644:
641:
613:
610:
605:The Wild Bunch
595:
592:
575:
574:
571:
562:
561:
554:
543:
539:
524:
514:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
480:
477:
466:
463:
458:
455:
449:
446:
434:safety glasses
429:
426:
396:
393:
376:
373:
356:
353:
331:
328:
310:
307:
283:
280:
192:
189:
170:shooting sport
133:
132:
129:
123:
122:
119:
113:
112:
109:
103:
102:
98:
97:
84:
80:
79:
77:Shooting sport
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1214:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Muzzleloading
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1121:Western 3-Gun
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:Organizations
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1072:1-4402-2694-6
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1007:
1000:
994:
991:
978:
971:
965:
962:
949:
942:
936:
933:
920:
913:
907:
904:
891:
884:
878:
876:
872:
867:
861:
858:
853:
847:
843:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
802:
795:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
771:
769:
762:
754:
752:
750:
742:
740:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
692:Schmidt-Rubin
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
661:
659:
657:
652:
649:
642:
640:
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
611:
609:
607:
606:
601:
593:
591:
588:
584:
580:
572:
569:
568:
567:
566:
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
522:
518:
515:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
464:
462:
456:
454:
447:
445:
441:
437:
435:
427:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
395:Major matches
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
354:
352:
344:
336:
329:
327:
325:
324:Butch Cassidy
321:
316:
308:
306:
304:
303:
298:
294:
289:
281:
279:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
201:single-action
198:
190:
188:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
166:Western 3-gun
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
130:
128:
124:
120:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
99:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
41:
36:
30:
19:
1131:
1130:
1095:
1094:
1061:
1057:Taffin, John
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1034:
1028:"Ammunition"
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
993:
981:. Retrieved
976:
964:
952:. Retrieved
947:
935:
923:. Retrieved
918:
906:
894:. Retrieved
889:
860:
841:
764:
748:
746:
734:
722:Audie Murphy
719:
707:Rough Riders
700:
669:
665:
653:
650:
646:
630:
615:
603:
599:
597:
576:
564:
563:
558:cap and ball
549:rather than
547:black powder
520:
516:
510:
506:
471:
468:
460:
451:
442:
438:
431:
423:
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
389:
385:
381:
378:
369:
365:
361:
358:
349:
312:
300:
285:
241:
208:lever-action
194:
178:
165:
162:cowboy 3-gun
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:
29:
732:cartridge.
730:.30 Carbine
688:Lee-Enfield
618:1911 pistol
583:.38 Special
579:.32 caliber
530:, William "
367:per stage.
330:Competition
245:single-shot
224:pump-action
1166:Categories
1156:in Germany
1138:CAS Europe
796:References
726:M1 carbine
594:Wild bunch
528:Roy Rogers
511:La patrona
465:Categories
432:Foremost,
320:Wyatt Earp
295:, such as
249:Derringers
220:coach guns
127:Paralympic
737:M1 Garand
536:Buscadero
507:El patron
265:Pedersoli
204:revolvers
83:Equipment
55:SASS, CAS
52:Nicknames
1141:Archived
1107:CAS City
774:See also
672:Doughboy
637:12 gauge
612:Firearms
587:.45 Colt
521:La reina
302:Gunsmoke
212:calibers
197:firearms
191:Firearms
185:Old West
181:multigun
101:Presence
38:Highest
1041:May 23,
1012:May 23,
983:May 23,
954:May 23,
925:May 23,
896:May 23,
743:Costume
696:Arisaka
633:.45 ACP
542:actions
355:Scoring
293:B-movie
282:Costume
273:Chiappa
269:Stoeger
107:Olympic
95:shotgun
87:Handgun
65:Contact
1069:
848:
656:modern
517:El rey
483:Cowboy
457:Prizes
448:Themes
428:Safety
375:Events
261:Uberti
164:, and
93:, and
47:(SASS)
1031:(PDF)
1002:(PDF)
973:(PDF)
944:(PDF)
915:(PDF)
886:(PDF)
715:45-70
315:alias
309:Alias
253:Ruger
91:rifle
1067:ISBN
1043:2011
1014:2011
985:2011
956:2011
927:2011
898:2011
846:ISBN
713:and
624:and
585:and
322:and
257:Colt
73:Type
230:).
150:CAS
1168::
1033:.
1004:.
975:.
946:.
917:.
888:.
874:^
804:^
720:•
717:.
701:•
694:,
690:,
682:,
678:,
670:•
608:.
305:.
271:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
255:,
206:,
160:,
156:,
131:No
111:No
89:,
68:No
1075:.
1045:.
1016:.
987:.
958:.
929:.
900:.
854:.
519:/
509:/
148:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
