Single parent - Knowledge (XXG)

374:"Fragile families" are usually caused by an unintended pregnancy out of wedlock. Usually in this situation the father is not completely in the picture and the relationship between the mother, father, and child is consistently unstable. As well as instability, "fragile families" are often limited in resources such as human capital and money. The kids that come from these families are more likely to be hindered within school and don't succeed as well as kids who have strictly single parents or two parent homes. Usually within these families the father plans to stick around and help raise the child but once the child is born the fathers do not stay for much longer and only one third stay after five years of the child's birth. Most of these fragile families come from low economic status to begin with and the cycle appears to continue; once the child grows up they are just as likely to still be poor. Most fragile families end with the mother becoming a single parent, leaving it even more difficult to come out of the poverty cycle. The gender of the baby seems to have no effect if the father is not living with the mother at the time of the birth, meaning they are still likely to leave after one year of the child's birth. Yet there is some evidence that suggests that if the father is living with the mother at the time of the birth he is more likely to stay after one year if the child is a son rather than a daughter. 239:

depression, anxiety, and other poor mental health outcomes. Researchers Copeland and Snyder (2011) addressed the barriers low-income single mothers have on receiving mental health care, "Visible barriers often include the lack of community resources, transportation, child care, convenient hours, and financial resources." Meanwhile, low-income single mothers are more likely to bring their children in for mental health treatment than themselves. Researchers Copeland and Snyder analyzed sixty-four African American mothers who brought their children in for mental health treatment. These mothers were then screened for mild, moderate, and severe depression and/or anxiety. After three months the researchers used an ethnographic interview to address whether or not the participants used mental health services that were referred to them. Results indicated that the majority of the participants did not use the referred mental health care services for reasons that included: fear of losing their children, being hospitalized and/or stigmatized by their community counterparts.

514:. As of 2012, 39% of children living in South Africa lived with their biological mother and not their father, and 4% lived with their biological father but not their mother. In South African academic literature, single mothers are studied as a part of the "female headed household" demographic. Colloquially, the term "single-parent household" or "single mother" is more widely used. The perception of single mothers within South African society varies depending on the cause of their situation. Women whose husbands died are not typically judged in the same way as divorced, separated, or unmarried women. Within South African media, the idea that unmarried women may seek to become pregnant in order to access 2789: 399:

when asked about fears, a high proportion of children feared illness or injury to the parent. When asked about happiness, half of the children talked about outings with their single adoptive parent. A single person wanting to adopt a child has to be mindful of the challenges they may face, and there are certain agencies that will not work with single adoptive parents at all. Single parents will typically only have their own income to live off of, and thus might not have a backup plan for potential children in case something happens to them. Traveling is also made more complex, as the child must either be left in someone else's care, or taken along.

294: 552: 531:, about 1 out of 4 families with dependent children are single-parent families, 8 to 11 percent of which have a male single-parent. UK poverty figures show that 52% of single parent families are below the Government-defined poverty line (after housing costs). Single parents in the UK are almost twice as likely to be in low-paid jobs as other workers (39% of working single parents compared with 21% of working people nationally). This is highlighted in a report published by Gingerbread, funded by Trust for London and Barrow Cadbury Trust. 594:, the percentage of children living in families with two parents decreased from 88 to 69 between 1960 and 2016. Of those 50.7 million children living in families with two parents, 47.7 million live with two married parents and 3.0 million live with two unmarried parents. The percentage of children living with single parents increased substantially in the United States during the second half of the 20th century. According to a 2013 391: 630: 154:

parent adoptions. During the mid 19th century many state welfare officials made it difficult if not impossible for single persons to adopt, as agencies searched for married heterosexual couples. In 1965, the Los Angeles Bureau of Adoptions sought single African-Americans for African-American orphans for whom married families could not be found. In 1968, the

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all involved parties' schedules and activities, and this is far less common. After a certain "crisis period," most children resume normal development; however, their future relationships are often affected, as they lack a model upon which to base a healthy long-term relationship. Nonetheless, as adults children of divorcees cope better with change.

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and 36% among the different OECD countries. It was highest in Belgium (17%), Iceland (19%), Slovenia (20%), France (22%), Norway (23%) and Sweden (36%), while it was lowest in Lithuania (4%), Ireland (5%), Poland (5%), Estonia (7%), Austria (7%) and the United Kingdom (8%). It was 15% in the United States.

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South African women who gave birth to children with disabilities were often rejected and left by their partners, their partner's family, and their own family. This is due to stigma disabilities have carried in South African society and the blame placed upon the women for having a child with a disability.

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has reported that children of single parents, after controlling for other variables like family income, are more likely to have problems, including being twice as likely to suffer from mental illness. Both British and American researchers show that children with no fathers are three times more likely

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Studies from the 1970s showed that single mothers who are not financially stable are more likely to experience depression. In a more current study it was proven that financial strain was directly correlated with high levels of depression. Among low-income single mothers, depressive symptoms may be as

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arrangement where they spend an approximately equal amount of time with their two parents. Among those living primarily with one single parent, most live with their mother. In 2016 (or latest year available), the proportion of 6-12 year olds living primarily with their single father ranged between 5%

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is a common one. To avoid social stigma, the families of unmarried women with children will often raise the child(ren) as their own. It is especially common for the child to be raised as a sibling of their mother. However, this is not the case when the child has a disability. A 2023 study found that

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countries in 2011, the proportion of single-parent households was in 3-11% the range, with an average of 7.5%. It was highest in Australia (10%), Canada (10%), Mexico (10%), United States (10%), Lithuania (10%), Costa Rica (11%), Latvia (11%) and New Zealand (11%), while it was lowest in Japan (3%),

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Single parent adoptions have existed since the mid 19th century. Men were rarely considered as adoptive parents, and were considered far less desired. Often, children adopted by a single person were raised in pairs rather than alone, and many adoptions by lesbians and gay men were arranged as single

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has held that "mother’s name is sufficient in certain cases like the present one to apply for passport, especially as a single woman can be a natural guardian and also a parent". Considering these socio-legal transformations, a study suggested that despite facing numerous challenges, single mothers

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Many out-of-wedlock births are unintentional. Out-of-wedlock births are frequently not acceptable to society, and they often result in single parenting. A partner may also leave as he or she may want to shirk responsibility of bringing up the child. This also may harm the child. Where they are not

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refers to which parent the child lives with. Among divorced parents, "parallel parenting" refers to parenting after divorce in which each parent does so independently; this is most common. In comparison, cooperative parenting occurs when the parents involved in the child's life work together around

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Single parent adoptions are controversial. They are, however, still preferred over divorcees, as divorced parents are considered an unnecessary stress on the child. In one study, the interviewers asked children questions about their new lifestyle in a single-parent home. The interviewer found that

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families were single-parent, of which five-sixths were headed by a female. Single-parent families in New Zealand have fewer children than two-parent families; 56% of single-parent families have only one child and 29% have two children, compared to 38% and 40% respectively for two-parent families.

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Keeping in touch with both parents and having a healthy relationship with both mother and father appears to have the most effect on a child's behavior; which leads to an easier time coping with the divorce as well as development through the child's life. Children will do better with their parents

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A similar study on the mental health of single mothers attempted to answer the question, "Are there differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, between married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers?" Statistically, never married, and separated/divorced mothers had the highest

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and depression. Financial hardships also affect the mental health of single mothers. Women, ages 15–24, were more likely to live in a low socio-economic area, have one child, and not to have completed their senior year of high school. These women reported to be in the two lowest income areas, and

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Among households with children in 2005/09, the proportion of single-parent households was 10% in Japan, 16% in the Netherlands, 19% in Sweden, 20% in France, 22% in Denmark, 22% in Germany, 23% in Ireland, 25% in Canada, 25% in the United Kingdom, and 30% in the United States. The U.S. proportion

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Inadequate access to mental health care services is prevalent amongst impoverished women. Low-income women are less likely to receive mental health care for numerous reasons. Mental health services remain inequitable for low-income, more so, low-income single women are more likely to suffer from

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Over 9.5 million American families are run by one woman. Single mothers are likely to have mental health issues, financial hardships, live in a low income area, and receive low levels of social support. All of these factors are taken into consideration when evaluating the mental health of single

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In all OECD countries, most single-parent households were headed by a mother. The proportion headed by a father varied between 9% and 25%. It was lowest in Estonia (9%), Costa Rica (10%), Cyprus (10%), Japan (10%), Ireland (10%) and the United Kingdom (12%), while it was highest in Norway (22%),

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In 2016/17, the proportion of children living in a single-parent household varied between 6% and 28% in the different OECD countries, with an OECD country average of 17%. It was lowest in Turkey (2015, 6%), Greece (8%), Croatia (8%) and Poland (10%), while it was highest in France (23%), United

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In the United States, since the 1960s, there has been a marked increase in the number of children living with a single parent. The jump was caused by an increase in births to unmarried women and by the increasing prevalence of divorces among couples. In 2010, 40.7% of births in the US were to

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In 2005/06, the proportion of 11- to 15-year-old children living in a shared parenting arrangement versus with only one of their parents varied between 1% and 17%, being the highest in Sweden. It was 5% in Ireland and the United States, and 7% in Canada and the United Kingdom. By 2016/17, the

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et al. have shown that children living with one single parent have worse well-being in terms of physical health behavior, mental health, peer friendships, bullying, cultural activities, sports, and family relationships, compared to children from intact families. As a contrast, children in a

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or widow responsible for children. At certain times wars might also deprive significant numbers of families of a parent. Improvements in sanitation and maternal care have decreased mortality for those of reproductive age, making death a less common cause of single parenting.

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Mothers with unintended pregnancies, and their children, are subject to numerous adverse health effects, including increased risk of violence and death, and the children are less likely to succeed in school and are more likely to live in poverty and be involved in crime.

618:, and so a second or third wife might run a household and take care of their children as a lone parent. In contrast to Western societies, financial support for single parents (especially single mothers) typically comes from extended family support systems. 586:

In 2006, 12.9 million families in the US were headed by a single parent, 80% of which were headed by a woman. Single-parent households are on average much poorer, a pattern largely explained by the lack of a second source of income in the home itself.

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Copeland, Valire C. & Kimberly Snyder. 2011. “Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Services for Low-Income African American Women Whose Children Receive Behavioral Health Services: An Ethnographic Investigation.” Social Work in Public Health 26:1,

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In the United States, the rate of unintended pregnancy is higher among unmarried couples than among married ones. In 1990, 73% of births to unmarried women were unintended at the time of conception, compared to about 44% of births overall.

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in all states of Australia, except for Queensland and South Australia. They are able to apply for adoption both to Australian born and international born children, although not many other countries allow single parent adoptions.

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arrangement that live approximately equal amount of time with their divorced mother and father have about the same well-being as children from intact families and better outcomes than children with only one custodial parent.

448:, has declared in a case argued by Advocate Aruna A. that, the birth registration authorities cannot insist on the details of the father for registration of birth of a child born to a single mother, conceived through 137:

was generally rare historically (although this depends by culture and era), and divorce especially became very difficult to obtain after the fall of the Roman Empire, in Medieval Europe, due to strong involvement of

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who are raising their children with little support from the families, society or state are challenging the dominant male breadwinner and provider model while redefining the heteronormative model of parenting.

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unmarried women. In 2000, 11% of children were living with parents who had never been married, 15.6% of children lived with a divorced parent, and 1.2% lived with a parent who was widowed. The results of the

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Thomas, George; Farrell, Michael P.; Barnes, Grace M. (1 January 1996). "The Effects of Single-Mother Families and Nonresident Fathers on Delinquency and Substance Abuse in Black and White Adolescents".

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households were single-parent families. In Australia 2011, out of all families 15.9% were single parent families. Out of these families 17.6% of the single parents were males, whilst 82.4% were females.

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showed that 27% of children live with one parent, consistent with the emerging trend noted in 2000. The most recent data of December 2011 shows approximately 13.7 million single parents in the U.S.

123:. Historical estimates indicate that in French, English, or Spanish villages in the 17th and 18th centuries at least one-third of children lost one of their parents during childhood; in 19th-century 251:, Patrick Fagan, Mitch Pearlstein David Popenoe and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, living in a single parent family is strongly correlated with school failure and problems of delinquency, drug use, 1344:

Baker, A.L.; Ben-Ami, N. (2011). "Adult Recall of Childhood psychological maltreatment in "Adult Children of divorce": Prevalence and associations with concurrent measures of well being".

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is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in the upbringing or support of the child. Reasons for becoming a single parent include

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divorce if they have a smooth adjustment period. One way to make this adjustment easier on children is to let them "remain in the same neighborhoods and schools following divorce."

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study, only 9% of children lived with single parents in the 1960s—a figure that increased to 28% in 2012. Single parent households became more common after legislation allowing

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Some women use artificial insemination to become single mothers by choice. Others choose to adopt. Men may also choose to become single fathers through adoption or surrogacy.

968:; Cox, Brian J.; Enns, Murray W. (2006-02-09). "Mental health profiles among married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers in a nationally representative sample". 1191:

M. Pearlstein From Family Collapse to America's Decline: The Educational, Economic, and Social Costs of Family Disintegration Rowman & Littlefield, New York, NY (2011)

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Hilton, J.; Desrochers, S.; Devall, E. (2001). "Comparison of Role Demands, Relationships, and Child Functioning is Single-Mother, Single-Father, and Intact Families".

2009: 881: 231:. The family structure can become a trigger for mental health issues in single mothers. They are especially at risk for having higher levels of depressive symptoms. 176:

Greece (4%), Switzerland (4%), Bulgaria (5), Croatia (5%), Germany (5%), Italy (5%) and Cyprus (5%). The proportion was 9% in both Ireland and the United Kingdom.

2678: 2953: 131:, almost one-third of boys had lost one parent or both by the age of 15. Such single parenthood was often short in duration, since remarriage rates were high. 428:

Single parents in Australia are eligible for support payments from the government, but only if they are caring for at least one child under the age of eight.

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Among children living in a single-parent household, most live primarily with their mother, others primarily with their father, while other children have a

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Hess, Robert D.; Camara, Kathleen A. (1979-10-01). "Post-Divorce Family Relationships as Mediating Factors in the Consequences of Divorce for Children".

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Mulkey, L.; Crain, R; Harrington, A.M. (January 1992). "One-Parent Households and Achievement: Economic and Behavioral Explanations of a Small Effect".

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was more pronounced among single mothers at 28.7% compared to partnered mothers at 15.7%. These mental disabilities include but are not limited to

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Pong SL. Family structure, school context, and eighth-grade math and reading achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1997 Aug 1:734-46.

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Amato, Paul R., Sarah Patterson, and Brett Beattie. "Single-Parent Households And Children’S Educational Achievement: A State-Level Analysis."

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has shown that a high proportion of American children from single parent families perform poorly on mathematics and reading achievement tests.

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Spain (23%), Sweden (24%), Romania (25%) and the United States (25%). These numbers were not provided for Canada, Australia or New Zealand.

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Lavie, Smadar (2014). Wrapped in the Flag of Israel: Mizrahi Single Mothers and Bureaucratic Torture. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.

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Kawewe, Saliwe M.; Moyo, Otrude N. (2009). "Lone motherhood in Zimbabwe: The cocioeconomic conditions of lone parents and their children".

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Jayakody, Rukmalie; Stauffer, Dawn (2000-01-01). "Mental Health Problems Among Single Mothers: Implications for Work and Welfare Reform".

498:, the number of single-parent households has risen in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries due to a variety of factors, including the 1200:

D. Popenoe Families without Fathers: Fathers, Marriage, and Children in American Society Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ (2009)

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stated that married couples were preferred, but there were "exceptional circumstances" where single parent adoptions were permissible.

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Single Mothers, Patriarchy and Citizenship in India: Rethinking Lone Motherhood through the Lens of Socio-legal and Policy Framework

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Pong SL. The school compositional effect of single parenthood on 10th-grade achievement. Sociology of education. 1998 Jan 1:23-42.

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Dupaquier J, Helin E, Laslett P, Livi-Bacci M, Marriage and remarriage in populations of the past, London: Academic Press, 1981.

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to be unhappy, and are also more likely to engage in anti-social behavior, abuse substances and engage in juvenile deliquency.

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Bankston, Carl L.; Caldas, Stephen J. (1998). "Family Structure, Schoolmates, and Racial Inequalities in School Achievement".

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Blankenhorn, 1995 D. Blankenhorn Fatherless America: Confronting Our Most Urgent Social Problem Basic Books, New York (1995)

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Kingdom (23%), Belgium (25%), Lithuania (25%), United States (27%) and Latvia (28%). It was 19% in Ireland and Canada.

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Joint Physical Custody and Communication with Parents: A Cross-National Study of Children in 36 Western Countries

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https://www.academia.edu/6799750/Wrapped_in_the_Flag_of_Israel_Mizrahi_Single_Mothers_and_Bureaucratic_Torture

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The Role of Social Security in Respecting and Protecting Dignity of Lone Mothers in South Africa: Final Report

724: 2507: 4854: 4813: 3886: 3276: 648: 323: 2970: 2387: 2173:"Requirement of father's name of applicant not mandatory for issuing passport, mother's name sufficient..." 2147:"Asking sperm donor's name violates right to privacy, says Kerala high court | Kochi News - Times of India" 1865: 3719: 3558: 3104:

Quinlan, Robert J. (November 2003). "Father absence, parental care, and female reproductive development".

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Pong, Suet-ling (1998). "The School Compositional Effect of Single Parenthood on 10th Grade Achievement".

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OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Family Database,

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OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Family Database,

507: 449: 437: 2888: 4777: 4136: 4048: 3609: 3533: 3460: 3425: 3167:; Park, Kyung (November 1988). "Just The Two of Us: Parent-Child Relationships in Single-Parent Homes". 805: 700: 421: 139: 1914: 1475: 567:

leads the nation with the highest percent of births to unmarried mothers with 54% in 2014, followed by

2073:"Single mothers in India not compelled to disclose father's identity: Supreme Court | DW | 07.07.2015" 1241: 866: 4833: 4818: 4765: 4721: 4631: 4563: 4109: 3906: 3833: 3782: 3543: 3518: 3508: 3113: 1379:

Thomas, D.A.; Woodside, M. (2011). "Resilience in adult children of divorce: A multiple case study".

773: 615: 441: 353: 2693: 2122:"No need for single mother conceiving via IVF to give father's name on birth certificate: Kerala HC" 1237: 808:, OECD -Social Policy Division -Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, June 12, 2016. 256: 4803: 4755: 4748: 4450: 4407: 3921: 3848: 3772: 3593: 3573: 3528: 3465: 3348: 3300: 252: 3206: 2605: 829: 4859: 3967: 3704: 3440: 3269: 3211: 3184: 3152: 3092: 3063: 3016: 2924: 2916: 2662: 1767: 1396: 1361: 1326: 1291: 1044: 1001: 947: 503: 120: 854: 4731: 4558: 4528: 4281: 4166: 4058: 3901: 3823: 3803: 3674: 3614: 3553: 3548: 3513: 3490: 3420: 3405: 3028: 2829: 2581: 2369: 2201: 2003: 1887:

Shireman, Joan F.; Johnson, Renny R. (1985). "Single Parent Adoptions: A Longitudinal Study".

1816: 1787:"Single Mothers by Choice: Mother–Child Relationships and Children's Psychological Adjustment" 1759: 1751: 1710: 1692: 1653: 1635: 1596: 1578: 1537: 1456: 1419: 1131: 1123: 1082: 1036: 993: 985: 939: 931: 445: 248: 80: 72: 914:

Brown, George W.; Moran, Patricia M. (1997-01-01). "Single mothers, poverty and depression".

688: 4823: 4495: 4485: 4480: 4455: 4286: 4265: 4161: 3941: 3777: 3752: 3744: 3500: 3384: 3363: 3222:"Social and Economic Characteristics of Currently Unmarried Women with a Recent Birth, 2011" 3176: 3144: 3121: 3084: 3055: 3008: 2908: 2821: 2359: 2351: 1896: 1806: 1798: 1741: 1700: 1684: 1643: 1627: 1586: 1570: 1487: 1448: 1388: 1353: 1318: 1283: 1113: 1074: 1028: 977: 923: 599: 453: 336: 268: 219: 197: 335:

refers to which parent is allowed to make important decisions about the children involved.

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Wright, Gemma; Noble, Michael; Ntshongwana, Phakama; Neves, David; Helen, Barnes (2014),

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Gove, Walter R.; Crutchfield, Robert D. (1982). "The Family and Juvenile Delinquency*".

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Ntoimo, Lorretta Favour Chizomam; Mutanda, Nyasha (2020), Odimegwu, Clifford O. (ed.),

2639: 1811: 1786: 1705: 1672: 1648: 1615: 1591: 1558: 1530: 1452: 1322: 741:. Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society. Internet FAQ Archives. 635: 580: 560: 528: 390: 306: 305:

Historically, death of a partner was a common cause of single parenting. Diseases and

116: 100: 3125: 2982: 2936: 1900: 4848: 4588: 4505: 4435: 4335: 4027: 3936: 3881: 3876: 3818: 3649: 3485: 3470: 3455: 3328: 3020: 2928: 2606:"The Number of Births to Unmarried Mothers in Massachusetts is Higher than You Think" 2450: 1532:

The best intentions: unintended pregnancy and the well-being of children and families

1400: 1365: 1330: 1118: 1101: 663: 328: 263: 2883: 2790:"Demography of single parenthood in Africa: patterns, determinants and consequences" 1771: 1005: 951: 255:, poverty, and welfare dependency in the United States. Using multilevel modelling, 4716: 4678: 4673: 4500: 4345: 3977: 3828: 3813: 3669: 3659: 3445: 1048: 828:. US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012. Archived from 738: 712: 668: 658: 595: 495: 483: 479: 444:

have recognized the rights of single mothers to give birth and raise children. The

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Sacks, G. (September 4, 2005). "Boys without fathers is not a logical new idea".

1392: 1357: 127:, about half of all children lost at least one parent by age 20; in 19th-century 4598: 4553: 4397: 4291: 4246: 3987: 3962: 3808: 3644: 3629: 3415: 3343: 3333: 2736:"What is no-fault divorce, and why do some conservatives want to get rid of it?" 2537: 2391: 2340:"South African single mothers' experiences of raising a child with a disability" 2024:"Department for Child Protection – Western Australia – Thinking about adoption?" 1100:

Peden, Ann R.; Rayens, Mary Kay; Hall, Lynne A.; Grant, Elizabeth (2004-12-01).

564: 466: 2987:, National Statistics Online, National Statistics, United Kingdom, July 7, 2005 2941:, National Statistics Online, National Statistics, United Kingdom, July 7, 2005 2844: 2440:– see Table 3.6, Family type, and marital status of lone parents: 1971 to 2005. 1078: 4798: 4743: 4616: 4578: 4440: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4367: 4355: 4295: 4251: 4002: 3896: 3699: 3624: 3568: 3538: 3475: 3373: 2852:, Centre for the Analysis of South African Social Policy, University of Oxford 2825: 2484: 981: 927: 629: 625: 572: 1755: 1696: 1688: 1639: 1582: 1460: 1127: 1086: 1040: 989: 935: 486:

to have children due to the social stigma of being a women with no children.

482:, a 1994 study observed that it was socially acceptable for unmarried single 17: 4808: 4515: 4392: 4141: 3693: 3664: 3639: 3523: 3378: 3292: 2632:

Current Population Survey, 2006 Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement

2560:"More Young Adults are Living in Their Parents' Home, Census Bureau Reports" 2355: 1032: 568: 511: 413: 147: 3133:

Richards, Leslie N.; Schmiege, Cynthia J. (July 1993). "Family Diversity".

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The living conditions of children with shared residence–the Swedish example

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Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (20 July 2005).

1169:"How Broken Families Rob Children of Their Chances for Future Prosperity" 611: 112: 68: 2048:"Parenting Payment – Australian Government Department of Human Services" 1984:

Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.

4538: 4445: 4415: 4328: 4223: 4218: 3619: 3583: 3096: 3067: 2694:"The Majority of Children Live With Two Parents, Census Bureau Reports" 1802: 1557:

Waldfogel, Jane; Craigie, Terry-Ann; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne (2010-01-01).

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their mental health was much poorer than those in higher income areas.

134: 104: 64: 37:"Single father" and "Single mother" redirect here. For other uses, see 3188: 3156: 2920: 2638:, Washington: United States Bureau of the Census, 2006, archived from 2395: 1295: 1102:"Negative Thinking and the Mental Health of Low-Income Single Mothers" 4828: 4668: 4663: 4318: 4300: 4228: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4125: 3843: 3762: 3358: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3221: 2679:"How America's Marriage Crisis Makes Income Inequality So Much Worse" 1836:"'I always wanted to be a dad': the rise of single fathers by choice" 143: 3088: 3059: 899:

Barns boende (växelvis boende, hos mamma, hos pappa, etc.) 2012—2017

30:"Single Parents" redirects here. For the ABC television series, see 3180: 3148: 2912: 1287: 4653: 4256: 4201: 1677:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

1256:"Single-parent families double likelihood of child mental illness" 1065:

Belle, Deborah (1990-03-01). "Poverty and women's mental health".

389: 292: 128: 124: 76: 60: 4583: 4323: 4260: 3450: 2971:"America's Children: Family Structure and Children's Well-Being" 1476:"The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children: An Update" 1209:

B.D. Whitehead The Divorce Culture Alfred Knopf, New York (1997)

801: 172: 84: 4098: 3265: 99:

Single parenthood has been common historically due to parental

4206: 3724: 2455:, United Kingdom Department of Work and Pensions, 14 June 2012 2422:, United Kingdom Office for National Statistics, 23 March 2006 2419:

Labour Market Statistics, Labour Market Review 2006 – archived

108: 2984:

Geographic Distribution: London has most lone-parent families

2562:(Press release). United States Census Bureau. 3 November 2011 1508:"Single Parent Households – How Does it Affect the Children?" 91:

is a family with children that is headed by a single parent.

87:, childbirth by a single person or single-person adoption. A 3261: 2797:

Family demography and post-2015 development agenda in Africa

2098:"Need to understand the rights of a single mother by choice" 723:

The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia,

550: 506:

within the country, and the social changes brought about by

2325: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2277: 2265: 888:, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2011, 42:871-890. 4094: 2534:

America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-being

1730:"Child gender and father involvement in fragile families" 301:, dedicated to war widows who raised their children alone 1728:

Lundberg, Shelly; McLanahan, Sara; Rose, Elaina (2007).

1937:"Single Parent Adoption: Challenges of Single Adoption" 2222:"2013 Census QuickStats about families and households" 363:, however such marriages fail more often than others. 867:

Table SF1.3.A. Living arrangements of children by age

227:

regularities of drug abuse, personality disorder and

2582:"The Most Important Statistics About Single Parents" 855:

Chart SF1.2.A. Living arrangements of children, 2017

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The occurrence of moderate to severe 4110: 3277: 2467:"Paying the price: The long road to recovery" 2250: 8: 2008:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1616:"Parental relationships in fragile families" 1536:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 1236:Fransson E, Låftman SB, Östberg V, Hjern A, 2954:"Family Life: Stresses of Single Parenting" 2338:Mbanjwa, Siya; Harvey, Clare (2023-11-17). 1528:Eisenberg, Leon; Brown, Sarah Hart (1995). 1244:. Child Indicators Research. 2017 Jan:1-23. 806:SF1.1:Family size and household composition 205:percentage in Sweden had increased to 28%. 180:increased from 20% in 1980 to 30% in 2008. 4594: 4117: 4103: 4095: 3284: 3270: 3262: 2771: 2759: 2363: 1810: 1745: 1704: 1647: 1590: 1491: 1117: 780:. University of Oregon. 24 February 2012 420:Single people are eligible to apply for 3240:Solomon-Fears, Carmen (July 30, 2014). 2200:. India: We the People Network, Delhi. 680: 2452:Households Below Average Income (HBAI) 2001: 1559:"Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing" 797: 795: 713:Single Parent Law and Legal Definition 2658:"The Bachelor Life Includes a Family" 2656:Navarro, Mireya (September 5, 2008). 2435:General Household Survey, 2005 Report 2171:SCC Online, SCC Times (20 May 2016). 1060: 1058: 909: 907: 547:Family structure in the United States 359:acceptable, they sometimes result in 7: 2536:. www.childstats.gov. Archived from 1939:. Adoptions Together. Archived from 590:According to a 2016 report from the 2956:. American Academy of Pediatricians 2734:Williamson, AJ (27 November 2023). 1862:"Single Parent Adoptions: Why Not?" 1346:Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 761:Kent's Commentaries on American Law 541:Single parents in the United States 4084:Parents Against Child Exploitation 3205:Sang-Hun, Choe (October 7, 2009). 3169:Journal of Marriage and the Family 3035:hardback; 978-1-78238-223-2 ebook. 2901:Journal of Marriage and the Family 2530:"Single Parent Success Foundation" 1889:Children and Youth Services Review 1453:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1979.tb00814.x 1323:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1982.tb01014.x 25: 4054:Mothers Apart from Their Children 3001:Journal of Divorce and Remarriage 2485:"FastStats – Births and Natality" 2228:. 4 November 2014. Archived from 2196:Nigam, Shalu (18 February 2024). 1119:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04061.x 644:Single Parents in UK Parliaments 628: 3912:Management of domestic violence 3758:Corporal punishment in the home 2698:The United States Census Bureau 2677:Thompson, Derek (Oct 1, 2013). 1834:Kale, Sirin (29 January 2020). 763:, p. 125, n. 1 (14th ed. 1896). 309:not infrequently resulted in a 156:Child Welfare League of America 4622:Genealogical numbering systems 4069:National Fatherhood Initiative 3243:Nonmarital Births: An Overview 2071:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 1967:Australian Social Trends, 2007 1864:. Adopting.org. Archived from 1671:McLanahan, Sara (2009-01-01). 1276:Journal of Marriage and Family 1106:Journal of Nursing Scholarship 277:Office for National Statistics 43:Single Mother (disambiguation) 39:Single Father (disambiguation) 1: 4761:International Day of Families 4421:Australian Aboriginal kinship 4074:National Parents Organization 3799:Adverse childhood experiences 3126:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00039-4 2344:African Journal of Disability 1901:10.1016/S0190-7409(85)80005-0 1418:. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 465:At the 2013 census, 17.8% of 3839:Effects of domestic violence 3481:Social emotional development 3106:Evolution and Human Behavior 2889:Resources in other libraries 2813:Social Work in Public Health 1860:Cake-Hanson-Cormell (2001). 1393:10.1080/01494929.2011.586300 1381:Marriage & Family Review 1358:10.1080/10502556.2011.556973 778:The Adoption History Project 3655:Identification (psychology) 1416:Public and Private Families 877:Bjarnason T, Arnarsson AA. 699:Collins English Dictionary 592:United States Census Bureau 284:Causes of single-parenthood 50:Motherless (disambiguation) 4881: 4079:Parent–teacher association 3854:Parental abuse by children 3735:Positive Parenting Program 3685:Parent management training 3680:Normative social influence 2498:O'Hare, Bill (July 2001). 1311:The Sociological Quarterly 1254:David Batty (2006-02-21). 1079:10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.385 687:Miriam-Webster Dictionary 544: 538: 351: 321: 297:Statue of a mother at the 47: 36: 32:Single Parents (TV series) 29: 4722:National Grandparents Day 4132: 4064:National Childbirth Trust 3859:Stress in early childhood 3579:Taking children seriously 3411:Applied behavior analysis 3198:Arkansas Democrat-Gazette 2884:Resources in your library 2826:10.1080/19371910802569732 2681:– via The Atlantic. 2251:Ntoimo & Mutanda 2020 982:10.1007/s00127-005-0005-3 928:10.1017/s0033291796004060 774:"Single Parent Adoptions" 561:2010 United States Census 394:A single mother and child 3720:The talk (sex education) 3431:Developmental psychology 3200:. Little Rock, Arkansas. 2052:www.humanservices.gov.au 1915:"Single Parent Adoption" 1689:10.1177/0002716208324862 1441:Journal of Social Issues 1414:Cherlin, Andrew (2010). 1021:Journal of Social Issues 171:Among all households in 4814:Sociology of the family 4664:Philia (brotherly love) 4240:Second-degree relatives 3927:Parental responsibility 3887:Cost of raising a child 2722:SocINDEX with Full Text 2718:Social Science Research 2356:10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1321 2096:A, Aruna (2021-09-14). 1785:Fiese, Barbara (2016). 1474:Amato, Paul R. (2014). 1173:The Heritage Foundation 1033:10.1111/0022-4537.00188 649:Cost of raising a child 614:has had a tradition of 324:Implications of divorce 4669:Storge (familial love) 4275:Third-degree relatives 4177:First-degree relatives 3077:Sociology of Education 3048:Sociology of Education 2772:Kawewe & Moyo 2009 2760:Kawewe & Moyo 2009 2724:. Web. 18 March. 2017. 2394:. 2010. Archived from 2226:Statistics New Zealand 2126:The New Indian Express 1620:The Future of Children 1563:The Future of Children 1480:Društvena Istraživanja 916:Psychological Medicine 725:Single-Parent Families 555: 438:Supreme Court of India 395: 302: 4778:National Adoption Day 4654:Agape (parental love) 4049:Families Need Fathers 3610:After-school activity 3534:Concerted cultivation 3529:Buddha-like parenting 3461:Nature versus nurture 3426:Cognitive development 3013:10.1300/j087v35n01_02 1963:"One Parent Families" 1747:10.1353/dem.2007.0007 1632:10.1353/foc.2010.0007 1575:10.1353/foc.2010.0002 1067:American Psychologist 554: 393: 296: 140:ecclesiastical courts 4834:Dysfunctional family 4819:Museum of Motherhood 4766:National Family Week 4632:Quarters of nobility 3907:Right to family life 3834:Dysfunctional family 3544:Free-range parenting 3519:Attachment parenting 3509:Achievement ideology 2720:53.(2015): 191–202. 1986:"QuickStats details" 901:, November 11, 2018. 446:High Court of Kerala 442:High Courts of India 412:In 2003, 14% of all 354:Unintended pregnancy 348:Unintended pregnancy 89:single parent family 4865:Living arrangements 4804:Wedding anniversary 4756:American Family Day 4712:Father–Daughter Day 4659:Eros (marital love) 4408:Kinship terminology 3922:Parental alienation 3849:Narcissistic parent 3773:Positive discipline 3594:Work at home parent 3574:Strict father model 3559:Nurturant parenting 3466:Parental investment 3301:Kinship terminology 3118:2003EHumB..24..376Q 2540:on 16 November 2011 2398:on 24 December 2012 2232:on 13 November 2014 2153:. TNN. Aug 17, 2021 1917:. Adoption Services 897:Statistics Sweden, 835:on 18 February 2015 727:, Sage Publications 689:single parent, noun 275:The United Kingdom 253:teenage pregnancies 4564:collateral descent 3968:T. Berry Brazelton 3705:Social integration 3441:Identity formation 3226:U.S. Census Bureau 3212:The New York Times 3165:Risman, Barbara J. 2799:, pp. 147–169 2692:US Census Bureau. 2663:The New York Times 2610:Infinity Law Group 2326:Wright et al. 2014 2314:Wright et al. 2014 2302:Wright et al. 2014 2290:Wright et al. 2014 2278:Wright et al. 2014 2266:Wright et al. 2014 2151:The Times of India 1868:on 6 December 2008 1803:10.1037/fam0000188 1493:10.5559/di.23.1.01 884:2017-11-19 at the 556: 504:economic migration 396: 303: 243:Impact on children 121:maternal mortality 4842: 4841: 4642: 4641: 4559:Lineal descendant 4529:Bilateral descent 4282:Great-grandparent 4167:Matrifocal family 4092: 4091: 3902:Family disruption 3824:Cinderella effect 3804:Child abandonment 3778:Tactical ignoring 3675:Moral development 3554:Helicopter parent 3549:Gatekeeper parent 3514:Atlas personality 3491:Social psychology 3436:Human development 3421:Child development 3406:Attachment theory 3033:978-1-78238-222-5 2870:Library resources 2028:www.dcp.wa.gov.au 1543:978-0-309-05230-6 1425:978-0-07-340435-6 804:Family Database, 500:HIV/AIDs epidemic 249:David Blankenhorn 216:mental disability 209:Impact on parents 81:domestic violence 16:(Redirected from 4872: 4824:Astronaut family 4595: 4496:Iroquois kinship 4486:Sudanese kinship 4481:Hawaiian kinship 4456:Family of choice 4287:Great-grandchild 4162:Immediate family 4119: 4112: 4105: 4096: 3942:Shared parenting 3753:Blanket training 3745:Child discipline 3385:In loco parentis 3364:Shared parenting 3286: 3279: 3272: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3216: 3201: 3192: 3175:(4): 1049–1062. 3160: 3136:Family Relations 3129: 3100: 3071: 3024: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2978: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2932: 2859: 2858: 2857: 2851: 2837: 2820:(1–2): 161–177. 2806: 2805: 2804: 2794: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2731: 2725: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2704: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2637: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2506:. Archived from 2504:Population Today 2495: 2489: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2469:. Archived from 2463: 2457: 2456: 2447: 2441: 2439: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2367: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2133: 2128:. 16 August 2021 2118: 2112: 2111: 2109: 2108: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2083: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2034: 2020: 2014: 2013: 2007: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1943:on 24 April 2014 1933: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1814: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1749: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1708: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1651: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1594: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1535: 1525: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1306: 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Dreikurs 3946: 3932:Parents' rights 3892:Deadbeat parent 3869: 3863: 3787: 3739: 3715:The talk (race) 3598: 3589:Tiger parenting 3495: 3390: 3339:Extended family 3295: 3290: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3230: 3228: 3219: 3204: 3195: 3163: 3132: 3103: 3089:10.2307/2673220 3074: 3060:10.2307/2112692 3045: 2998: 2990: 2988: 2981: 2968: 2959: 2957: 2952: 2944: 2942: 2935: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2864:Further reading 2855: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2809: 2802: 2800: 2792: 2787: 2784: 2779: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2715: 2711: 2702: 2700: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2613: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2590: 2588: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2565: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2300: 2296: 2288: 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4574:Patrilineality 4571: 4569:Matrilineality 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4491:Eskimo kinship 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4412: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4372: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4343: 4341:Sibling-in-law 4338: 4333: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4315: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4289: 4284: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4181: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4147:Nuclear family 4144: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4099: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4059:Mothers' Union 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4033:Benjamin Spock 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4013:Penelope Leach 4010: 4008:Annette Lareau 4005: 4000: 3998:Alan E. Kazdin 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3958:Mary Ainsworth 3954: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3870:social aspects 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3749: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3635:Dishabituation 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3564:Slow parenting 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3505: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3400: 3395:Theories 3392: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3381: 3376: 3374:Blended family 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3354:Nuclear family 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3274: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3237: 3217: 3202: 3193: 3181:10.2307/352114 3161: 3149:10.2307/585557 3143:(3): 277–285. 3130: 3112:(6): 376–390. 3101: 3072: 3037: 3036: 3025: 2996: 2979: 2966: 2950: 2933: 2913:10.2307/353540 2907:(3): 715–723. 2892: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2839: 2838: 2807: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2726: 2709: 2684: 2669: 2648: 2622: 2597: 2573: 2551: 2521: 2510:on 26 May 2013 2490: 2476: 2473:on 2014-12-17. 2458: 2442: 2425: 2409: 2379: 2330: 2318: 2306: 2294: 2282: 2270: 2255: 2243: 2213: 2206: 2188: 2163: 2138: 2113: 2088: 2063: 2039: 2015: 1990:www.abs.gov.au 1976: 1954: 1928: 1906: 1895:(4): 321–334. 1879: 1852: 1826: 1797:(4): 409–418. 1777: 1720: 1683:(1): 111–131. 1663: 1606: 1549: 1542: 1520: 1499: 1466: 1431: 1424: 1406: 1387:(4): 213–234. 1371: 1352:(4): 203–219. 1336: 1317:(3): 301–319. 1301: 1288:10.2307/353977 1282:(4): 884–894. 1265: 1246: 1229: 1220: 1211: 1202: 1193: 1184: 1160: 1151: 1141: 1112:(4): 337–344. 1092: 1073:(3): 385–389. 1054: 1027:(4): 617–634. 1011: 976:(2): 122–129. 957: 903: 890: 870: 858: 846: 826:www.census.gov 810: 791: 765: 753: 744: 729: 716: 704: 692: 679: 678: 676: 673: 672: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 640: 639: 636:Society portal 623: 620: 607: 604: 581:South Carolina 539:Main article: 536: 533: 529:United Kingdom 524: 523:United Kingdom 521: 516:child benefits 491: 488: 475: 472: 462: 459: 433: 430: 409: 406: 404: 401: 387: 384: 379: 376: 352:Main article: 349: 346: 319: 316: 307:maternal death 290: 287: 285: 282: 257:Suet-Ling Pong 244: 241: 210: 207: 189: 186: 168: 165: 163: 160: 117:work accidents 101:mortality rate 96: 93: 27:Type of parent 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4877: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4794:Single parent 4792: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647:Relationships 4645: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4589:Royal descent 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4506:Omaha kinship 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4436:Consanguinity 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4336:Parent-in-law 4334: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4311:Family-in-law 4308: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4115: 4113: 4108: 4106: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042:Organizations 4040: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4028:B. F. Skinner 4026: 4024: 4023:William Sears 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3993:Thomas Gordon 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3882:Child support 3880: 3878: 3877:Child custody 3875: 3874: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3819:Child neglect 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3650:Homeschooling 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3486:Socialization 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3471:Paternal bond 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3456:Maternal bond 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3369:Single parent 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3329:Alloparenting 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3245: 3244: 3238: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2955: 2951: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2875:Single parent 2871: 2863: 2848: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2808: 2798: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2774:, p. 172 2773: 2768: 2765: 2762:, p. 166 2761: 2756: 2753: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2699: 2695: 2688: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2645:on 2013-03-04 2641: 2634: 2633: 2626: 2623: 2611: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2494: 2491: 2487:. 2018-08-08. 2486: 2480: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2453: 2446: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2420: 2413: 2410: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2253:, p. 150 2252: 2247: 2244: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2209: 2207:9798879683103 2203: 2199: 2192: 2189: 2177: 2174: 2167: 2164: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2139: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2103: 2099: 2092: 2089: 2078: 2074: 2067: 2064: 2053: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2011: 2005: 1991: 1987: 1980: 1977: 1973:. 2007-07-08. 1972: 1968: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1942: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1883: 1880: 1867: 1863: 1856: 1853: 1841: 1837: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1791:J Fam Psychol 1788: 1781: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1724: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1569:(2): 87–112. 1568: 1564: 1560: 1553: 1550: 1545: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1524: 1521: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1435: 1432: 1427: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1375: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1305: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1206: 1203: 1197: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1174: 1170: 1164: 1161: 1155: 1152: 1145: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1015: 1012: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 961: 958: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 910: 908: 904: 900: 894: 891: 887: 883: 880: 874: 871: 868: 862: 859: 856: 850: 847: 831: 827: 820: 814: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 779: 775: 769: 766: 762: 757: 754: 748: 745: 740: 733: 730: 726: 720: 717: 714: 708: 705: 702: 701:single parent 696: 693: 690: 684: 681: 674: 670: 667: 665: 664:Single person 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 637: 631: 626: 621: 619: 617: 613: 610:Historically 605: 603: 601: 597: 593: 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 553: 548: 542: 535:United States 534: 532: 530: 522: 520: 517: 513: 509: 505: 502:, increasing 501: 497: 489: 487: 485: 481: 473: 471: 468: 460: 458: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 431: 429: 426: 423: 418: 415: 407: 402: 400: 392: 385: 383: 377: 375: 372: 368: 364: 362: 355: 347: 345: 341: 338: 334: 330: 329:Child custody 325: 317: 315: 312: 308: 300: 295: 288: 283: 281: 278: 273: 270: 265: 264:Emma Fransson 260: 258: 254: 250: 247:According to 242: 240: 236: 235:high as 60%. 232: 230: 224: 221: 217: 208: 206: 202: 199: 194: 187: 185: 181: 177: 174: 166: 161: 159: 157: 151: 149: 146:life (though 145: 141: 136: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 94: 92: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 57:single parent 51: 44: 40: 33: 19: 18:Single mother 4793: 4727:Parents' Day 4717:Siblings Day 4707:Father's Day 4695:Mother's Day 4679:Polyfidelity 4674:Filial piety 4599:Family trees 4501:Crow kinship 4451:Estrangement 4346:Child-in-law 4266:Niece/Nephew 3978:David Elkind 3829:Codependency 3814:Child labour 3670:Latchkey kid 3660:Introjection 3446:Introjection 3396: 3383: 3368: 3349:Noncustodial 3251:. 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