603:
647:
587:
627:
571:
169:
720:
212:
283:
347:
499:
259:. Another newer benefit of DOHC engine design is the ability to independently change/phase the timing between each camshaft and the crankshaft. This affords better fuel economy by allowing a broader torque curve. Although each major manufacturer has their own trade name for their specific system of variable cam phasing systems, overall they are all classified as
38:
563:
Most of these engines used a shaft to transfer drive from the crankshaft up to the camshaft at the top of the engine. Large aircraft engines— particularly air-cooled engines— experienced considerable thermal expansion, causing the height of the cylinder block to vary during operating conditions. This
298:
made from rubber and kevlar to drive the camshaft. Timing belts are inexpensive, produce minimal noise and have no need for lubrication. A disadvantage of timing belts is the need for regular replacement of the belt; recommended belt life typically varies between approximately 50,000–100,000 km
138:
at higher engine speeds (RPM). A downside is that the system used to drive the camshaft (usually a timing chain in modern engines) is more complex in an OHC engine, such as the 4-chain valvetrain of the Audi 3.2 or the 2 meter chain on Ford cammers. Another disadvantage of OHC engines is that during
243:
requires four camshafts to function as a DOHC engine, since having two camshafts in total would result in only a single camshaft per cylinder bank for these engine layouts. Some V engines with four camshafts have been marketed as "quad-cam" engines, however technically "quad-cam" would require four
813:
were/are a SOHC configuration with four valves per cylinder. This was achieved by the camshaft being located in the center of the cylinder head, with equal length rocker arms actuating the intake and exhaust valves. This arrangement was used to provide four valves per cylinder while minimising the
310:
racing specials built for the SCCA H-modified racing series in the United States. These engines were based on
Panhard OHV flat-twin engines, which were converted to SOHC engines using components from Norton motorcycle engines. The first production car to use a timing belt was the 1962
155:
The other main advantage of OHC engines is that there is greater flexibility to optimise the size, location and shape of the intake and exhaust ports, since there are no pushrods that need to be avoided. This improves the gas flow through the engine, increasing power output and
564:
expansion caused difficulties for pushrod engines, so an overhead camshaft engine using a shaft drive with sliding spline was the easiest way to allow for this expansion. These bevel shafts were usually in an external tube outside the block, and were known as "tower shafts".
1713:
761:
In the 1980s, the need for increased performance while reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions saw increasing use of DOHC engines in mainstream vehicles, beginning with
Japanese manufacturers. By the mid-2000s, most automotive engines used a DOHC layout.
602:
255:. A DOHC design permits a wider angle between intake and exhaust valves than in SOHC engines, which improves the air-fuel mixture's flow through the engine. A further benefit is that the spark plug can be placed at the optimum location, which in turn improves
99:(DOHC, also known as "twin-cam") engines have two camshafts per bank. The first production car to use a DOHC engine was built in 1910. Use of DOHC engines slowly increased from the 1940s, leading to many automobiles by the early 2000s using DOHC engines.
326:. By the early 1960s most production automobile overhead camshaft designs used chains to drive the camshaft(s). Timing chains do not usually require replacement at regular intervals, however the disadvantage is that they are noisier than timing belts.
231:
engine has two camshafts over each bank of the cylinder head, one for the intake valves and another for the exhaust valves. Therefore there are two camshafts for a straight engine and a total of four camshafts for a V engine or a flat engine.
410:
four cylinder was the last automotive engine to use the shaft tower design to drive the camshaft, from 1946 to 1952; the rights to the
Crosley engine format were bought by a few different companies, including
586:
626:
199:
Most SOHC engines have two valves per cylinder, one intake valve and one exhaust valve. Motion of the camshaft is usually transferred to the valves either directly (using a tappet) or indirectly via a
338:
system between the crankshaft and the camshaft is commonly used in diesel overhead camshaft engines used in heavy trucks. Gear trains are not commonly used in engines for light trucks or automobiles.
532:
car (which won the 1914 French Grand Prix) became the starting point for both
Mercedes' and Rolls-Royce's aircraft engines. Mercedes created a series of six-cylinder engines which culminated in the
134:
Compared with OHV engines with the same number of valves, there are fewer reciprocating components and less valvetrain inertia in an OHC engine. This reduced inertia in OHC engines results in less
1431:
2194:
1106:
151:, so that with the same displacement as an OHV engine, the OHC engine will end up being the physically larger of the two mostly due to the enlarged cylinder head.
1885:
1694:
742:
Use of a DOHC configuration gradually increased after World War II, beginning with sports cars. Iconic DOHC engines of this period include the 1948–1959
2100:
2851:
536:. Rolls-Royce reversed-engineered the Mercedes cylinder head design based on a racing car left in England at the beginning of the war, leading to the
2187:
1655:
1068:
528:
air forces, sought to quickly apply the overhead camshaft technology of motor racing engines to military aircraft engines. The SOHC engine from the
570:
147:
needs to be reset. In addition, an OHC engine has a large cylinder head to accommodate the camshaft or an extra set of valves to increase the
2762:
1953:
1465:
1417:
1387:
735:
was arguably the first
American mass-produced car to use an SOHC engine. This small mass-production engine powered the winner of the 1950
467:
SOHC engine built in the United States. The first DOHC engine was a
Peugeot inline-four racing engine which powered the car that won the
2180:
1838:
2701:
1869:
1632:
1598:
1492:
1328:
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1241:
1098:
921:
893:
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racing engine was introduced in 1933. This inline-four engine dominated North
American open-wheel racing from 1934 until the 1970s.
131:
to transfer the motion from the camshaft up to the valves, whereas an OHC engine has the valves directly actuated by the camshaft.
427:
in 1966, after
Crosley closed the automotive factory doors, and they continued to produce the same engine for several more years.
960:
885:
1353:
2379:
1814:
1747:
2676:
989:
672:
In the United States, Duesenberg added DOHC engines (alongside their existing SOHC engines) with the 1928 release of the
2260:
688:
666:
548:
V12 engine, which closely followed the later
Mercedes D.IIIa design's partly-exposed SOHC valvetrain design; and the
2138:
1684:
2203:
1614:
1538:
968:
824:
751:
1128:
123:. The valves in both OHC and OHV engines are located above the combustion chamber; however an OHV engine requires
2812:
2726:
2671:
2623:
2531:
806:
743:
173:
251:
Many DOHC engines have four valves per cylinder. The camshaft usually operates the valves directly via a bucket
2807:
2648:
658:
An early
American overhead camshaft production engine was the SOHC straight-eight engine used in the 1921–1926
487:
2108:
758:
inline-four engine was one of the first DOHC engines to use a toothed timing belt instead of a timing chain.
2582:
646:
2404:
1752:
1422:
1357:
994:
480:
472:
468:
460:
363:
277:
78:
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2152:
1527:
War Department, Bureau of Aircraft Production, Airplane Engineering Department – via Google Books.
786:
781:
511:
260:
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148:
112:
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31:
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1542:
976:
840:
832:
736:
677:
524:
300:
299:(31,000–62,000 mi). If the timing belt is not replaced in time and fails and the engine is an
916:. Heinmann Work-Based Learning. Babcock International Group and Graham Stoakes. pp. 208–209.
168:
2587:
2384:
1985:
1524:
673:
659:
108:
74:
2072:
1846:
1590:
719:
680:
was another early American luxury car to use a DOHC engine. Also in the United States, the DOHC
306:
The first known automotive application of timing belts to drive overhead camshafts was the 1953
244:
camshafts per cylinder bank (i.e. eight camshafts in total), therefore these engines are merely
2389:
2329:
2280:
2047:
2029:
1959:
1949:
1865:
1820:
1810:
1628:
1594:
1556:
1523:
Department, United States Bureau of Aircraft Production Airplane Engineering (March 4, 1918).
1498:
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1324:
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917:
889:
828:
537:
464:
435:
1943:
1939:
1911:
1622:
1618:
1377:
1188:
490:— built in Italy from 1910–1914— was one of the first production cars to use an SOHC engine.
442:. A two-rod system with counterweights at both ends was used by many models of the 1958-1973
2681:
2638:
2597:
2546:
2511:
2432:
2419:
747:
1926:
The overhead camshafts are driven by bevel gears and vertical shafts known as tower shafts.
1779:
Brooks, Philip C. (2009). Carpenter, Rhonda; Iwalani, Kahikina (eds.). "The Mighty Sixes".
430:
A camshaft drive using three sets of cranks and rods in parallel was used in the 1920–1923
211:
2792:
2503:
2352:
2309:
651:
593:
577:
541:
439:
367:
185:
157:
116:
2020:
1711:, John Godfrey Parry Thomas, "Internal Combustion Engine", issued 1924-05-27
282:
17:
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810:
609:
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391:
42:
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972:
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519:
431:
424:
403:
399:
323:
144:
140:
92:
70:
62:
636:'s upper valvetrain, showing the similarity to the later-production Mercedes design
346:
2447:
2442:
2409:
2314:
2304:
2240:
2224:
1886:"1913 Isotta Fraschini 100-120 hp Tipo KM 4 Four-Seat Torpedo Tourer - Auction Lot"
771:
633:
617:
545:
434:
luxury car built in the United Kingdom. A similar system was used in the 1926-1930
412:
371:
120:
82:
498:
1276:
184:(SOHC) design. A SOHC engine has one camshaft per bank of cylinders, therefore a
2825:
2709:
2526:
2478:
2437:
2394:
2324:
1547:
1034:
681:
557:
503:
387:
240:
193:
135:
2797:
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2736:
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2541:
2473:
2399:
2339:
2270:
2107:. European Car Magazine, Source Interlink Media. February 2009. Archived from
1743:
1727:
1460:(e-book ed.). Poundbury, Dorchester, UK: Veloce Publishing. p. 210.
1413:
1349:
937:
708:
359:
351:
335:
307:
291:
200:
128:
107:
In an OHC engine, the camshaft is located at the top of the engine, above the
2172:
2033:
1560:
1206:
1047:
1007:
938:"OHV, OHC, SOHC and DOHC (twin cam) engine - Automotive illustrated glossary"
2752:
2493:
2488:
2275:
2255:
1680:
704:
443:
379:
375:
312:
1781:
The International Club for Rolls-Royce & Bentley Owners Desk Diary 2010
2018:
Simanaitis, Dennis (January 1994). Bryant, Thos L. (ed.). "Tech Tidbits".
596:
SOHC aircraft engine with "tower shafts" at the rear of each cylinder bank
2775:
2771:
2643:
2374:
2299:
2265:
2130:
692:
553:
549:
420:
236:
189:
81:(OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion chamber in the
66:
2802:
2686:
1913:
A text book on aviation: the new cadet system of ground school training
776:
732:
724:
613:
407:
124:
37:
2613:
2592:
2369:
2319:
2101:"An Echo of the Past — the history and evolution of twin-cam engines"
1157:
416:
252:
676:, which was powered by a DOHC straight-eight engine. The 1931–1935
612:
upper valvetrain details sketch, its design features copied by the
318:
Another camshaft drive method commonly used on modern engines is a
1963:
1251:
718:
645:
497:
345:
281:
210:
167:
36:
2767:
1824:
1502:
912:
Stoakes, Graham; Sykes, Eric; Whittaker, Catherine (2011). "3".
2176:
2028:(6). Newport Beach, CA US: Hachette Filipacchi Magazines: 121.
2214:
884:(Academic text-book). Vol. Book 1. In association with: (
823:
However DOHC engines with two valves per cylinder include the
1525:"The Bulletin of the Airplane Engineering Department, U.S.A."
703:. Early overhead camshaft motorcycles included the 1925–1949
180:
The oldest configuration of overhead camshaft engine is the
1940:"Chapter 6 - Chariot of the Gods Duesenberg Straight Eight"
544:
V8 engine (with a fully enclosed-drivetrain), the American
196:
has a total of two camshafts (one for each cylinder bank).
1382:. Stamford, CT US: Cengage Learning. pp. 88–89, 362.
119:
configurations, where the camshaft is located down in the
1627:. St. Paul, MN US: Motorbooks International. p. 48.
560:
W12 engine was built in Great Britain beginning in 1918.
358:
Several OHC engines up until the 1950s used a shaft with
1281:. St. Paul MN US: MotorBooks International. p. 62.
459:
Among the first overhead camshaft engines were the 1902
814:
valvetrain mass and minimising the overall engine size.
687:
Other early SOHC automotive engines were the 1920–1923
669:
became the first production car to use a DOHC engine.
988:
Heseltine, Richard (June 2010). Roebuck, Nigel (ed.).
362:
to drive the camshaft. Examples include the 1908–1911
2095:
2093:
1803:
The New Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885 to the Present
1456:
Culshaw, David; Horrobin, Peter (2013) . "Maudslay".
463:
SOHC engine built in the United Kingdom and the 1903
1312:"Expanding on Excellence: The 5-Series and 3-Series"
1028:
Lewis, Jimmy (November 2001). Edwards, David (ed.).
914:
Principles of Light Vehicle maintenance & repair
540:
V12 engine. Other SOHC designs included the Spanish
2785:
2745:
2700:
2657:
2606:
2573:
2555:
2502:
2456:
2418:
2338:
2223:
1270:
1268:
1945:American Horsepower 100 Years of Great Car Engines
1805:(Third ed.). New York: E. P. Dutton. p.
1582:
1458:The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895 - 1975
1319:. Skokie, IL: Publications International. p.
1310:
1401:In most commercial diesels, OHCs are gear-driven.
1236:. Clifton Park, NY US: Thompson Delmar Learning.
1484:The complete handbook of automotive power trains
1983:"Talking of sports cars: Sunbeam three-litre".
1581:Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The A-Z of Motorcycles".
1418:"An Edwardian Overhead-Camshaft 25/30 Maudslay"
1189:"Saturday Mechanic: Replacing Your Timing Belt"
406:motorcycle engines have used bevel shafts. The
2188:
2013:
2011:
1916:. Vol. 3. Aviation Press. pp. 14–15
1187:Decker, John (June 1993). Oldham, Joe (ed.).
1152:
1150:
471:. Another Peugeot with a DOHC engine won the
8:
1948:. St. Paul, MN USA: Motorbooks. p. 51.
1738:
1736:
1129:"Technically Interesting: Ford Indy DOHC V8"
322:, constructed from one or two rows of metal
2048:"Crosley Engine Family Tree - Taylor Years"
1430:(8). London, UK: Teesdale Publishing: 909.
1278:Vintage American Road Racing Cars 1950-1969
2195:
2181:
2173:
2073:"Crosley Engine Family Tree - CoBra Years"
1589:. London, UK: Dorling Kindersley. p.
1451:
1449:
1275:Pace, Harold W.; Brinker, Mark R. (2004).
1225:
1223:
294:. Many 21st century engines use a toothed
290:The rotation of a camshaft is driven by a
30:"OHC" redirects here. For other uses, see
1182:
1180:
1178:
1042:(11). Hachette-Filipacchi Magazines: 62.
907:
905:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
2261:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
1989:. 147 (nbr 4221): 69–71. 1 October 1977.
1379:Modern Diesel Technology: Diesel Engines
1344:
1342:
1340:
882:Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology
805:However a few engines, such as the 1973
654:straight-eight grand prix racing engine
139:engine repairs where the removal of the
1862:Walter L Marr: Buick's Amazing Engineer
855:
798:
566:
888:) (6th ed.). Nelson Thornes Ltd.
750:straight-six engine and the 1954–1994
390:. In more recent times, the 1950-1974
286:Rubber timing belt during installation
1416:(August 1972). Boddy, William (ed.).
1365:(1). London, UK: Teesdale Publishing.
1069:"How It Works: Honda Unicam® Engines"
91:(SOHC) engines have one camshaft per
7:
1746:(March 1974). Boddy, William (ed.).
1434:from the original on 6 February 2015
2153:"Old Fiat ad with Aurelio Lampredi"
2141:from the original on 29 March 2013.
1783:. Tampa, FL USA: Faircount: 27, 32.
1109:from the original on 2 January 2015
1030:"New for '02: Honda CR250R CRF450R"
303:, major engine damage is possible.
2002:Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930
1697:from the original on 21 June 2013.
1585:The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle
754:inline-four engine. The 1966-2000
502:DOHC cylinder head of a 1917–1930
188:has a total of one camshaft and a
25:
1748:"How Did The Leyland Eight Rate?"
1233:TechOne: Automotive Engine Repair
1075:. 23 January 2013. Archived from
2852:Engine valvetrain configurations
1317:BMW - Bavaria's Driving Machines
1099:"2010 Honda VFR1200A First Ride"
625:
601:
585:
569:
479:with an SOHC engine winning the
350:Norton motorcycle engine with a
164:Single overhead camshaft (SOHC)
2363:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
1864:. Racemaker Press. p. 40.
1158:"Dan's motorcycle 'Cam Drives'"
961:Harley-Davidson Twin Cam engine
1354:"Random Thoughts About O.H.C."
1230:Dorries, Elisabeth H. (2005).
1201:(6). New York, NY US: Hearst.
880:Hillier, V.A.W. (2012) . "2".
807:Triumph Dolomite Sprint engine
556:straight-six engine. The DOHC
215:DOHC design (for a V12 engine)
77:. This contrasts with earlier
41:OHC cylinder head (for a 1987
1:
1910:Thorpe, Leslie Aaron (1936).
510:During World War I, both the
207:Dual overhead camshaft (DOHC)
111:. This contrasts the earlier
1801:. In Georgano, G. N. (ed.).
1376:Bennett, Sean (2014-01-01).
667:Sunbeam 3 litre Super Sports
518:; specifically those of the
342:Other camshaft drive systems
2004:. London: Grange-Universal.
1860:Kimes, Beverly Rae (2007).
744:Lagonda straight-six engine
608:Later production (1917-18)
2868:
2204:Internal combustion engine
2131:"Technical- Boxer History"
1624:Ducati Singles Restoration
1487:. Tab Books. p. 318.
969:Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine
841:Lotus Ford Twin Cam engine
825:Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine
419:in 1955, Crofton in 1959,
275:
272:Timing belt / timing chain
143:is required, the camshaft
29:
2821:
2672:Diesel particulate filter
2624:Idle air control actuator
2565:Engine control unit (ECU)
2210:
1709:A US patent 1495620 A
990:"Triumph Dolomite Sprint"
2737:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
2649:Throttle position sensor
2358:Overhead camshaft layout
811:Honda J Series V6 Engine
488:Isotta Fraschini Tipo KM
182:single overhead camshaft
172:SOHC design (for a 1973
89:Single overhead camshaft
27:Valvetrain configuration
18:Single overhead camshaft
2276:Core plug (freeze plug)
2077:www.crosleyautoclub.com
2052:www.crosleyautoclub.com
2000:Georgano, G.N. (1985).
1839:"Marr Auto Car Company"
1481:Norbye, Jan P. (1981).
1309:Norbye, Jan P. (1984).
477:Mercedes-Benz 18/100 GP
174:Triumph Dolomite Sprint
2105:www.EuropeanCarWeb.com
1938:Mueller, Mike (2006).
1685:"Kawasaki W800 review"
1002:(6). London, UK: 122.
728:
655:
507:
481:1914 French Grand Prix
473:1913 French Grand Prix
469:1912 French Grand Prix
355:
287:
278:Timing belt (camshaft)
246:dual overhead camshaft
216:
177:
97:Dual overhead camshaft
79:overhead valve engines
46:
1728:U.S. patent 1,495,620
787:Variable valve timing
782:Overhead valve engine
722:
649:
501:
415:in 1952, followed by
354:shaft-driven camshaft
349:
285:
261:variable valve timing
257:combustion efficiency
214:
171:
149:Volumetric efficiency
113:overhead valve engine
40:
2517:Compression ignition
1543:"TDC: Little things"
965:Fiat Twin Cam engine
837:Volvo Modular engine
632:Detail closeup of a
580:SOHC aircraft engine
396:Ducati L-twin engine
384:Norton International
2667:Catalytic converter
1843:www.marrautocar.com
1683:(26 October 2011).
1105:. 19 October 2009.
1079:on 22 February 2014
977:Lotus-Ford Twin Cam
833:Ford I4 DOHC engine
752:Alfa Romeo Twin Cam
737:12 Hours of Sebring
701:Alfa Romeo 6C Sport
301:interference engine
225:double overhead cam
2793:Knocking / pinging
2385:Combustion chamber
729:
707:and the 1927–1939
705:Velocette K Series
699:and the 1928–1929
674:Duesenberg Model J
660:Duesenberg Model A
656:
552:-designed; German
530:Mercedes 18/100 GP
508:
475:, followed by the
438:and the 1930-1932
386:and the 1947-1962
380:Velocette K series
356:
288:
217:
178:
109:combustion chamber
75:combustion chamber
69:is located in the
47:
2839:
2838:
2808:Stratified charge
2575:Electrical system
2557:Engine management
2390:Compression ratio
2330:Starter ring gear
2229:rotating assembly
2157:www.kinja-img.com
2135:www.alfisti.co.uk
1955:978-0-7603-2327-4
1890:www.motorbase.com
1849:on 11 April 2018.
1467:978-1-845845-83-4
1389:978-1-285-44296-9
1194:Popular Mechanics
829:Jaguar XK6 engine
594:Hispano-Suiza 8Be
538:Rolls-Royce Eagle
436:Bentley Speed Six
221:dual overhead cam
93:bank of cylinders
51:overhead camshaft
16:(Redirected from
2859:
2682:Exhaust manifold
2547:Spark plug wires
2433:Boost controller
2420:Forced induction
2197:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2021:Road & Track
2015:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1845:. Archived from
1835:
1829:
1828:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1677:
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1643:
1641:
1611:
1605:
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1588:
1578:
1572:
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1567:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1352:(January 1964).
1346:
1335:
1334:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
985:
979:
958:
952:
951:
949:
948:
942:www.samarins.com
934:
928:
927:
909:
900:
899:
877:
844:
821:
815:
803:
746:, the 1949–1992
695:, the 1926–1935
691:, the 1928-1931
629:
605:
589:
578:Hispano-Suiza 8A
573:
525:Luftstreitkräfte
382:, the 1931-1957
378:, the 1925-1948
374:, the 1929-1932
21:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2817:
2813:Top dead centre
2781:
2741:
2696:
2653:
2602:
2576:
2569:
2558:
2551:
2498:
2452:
2414:
2370:Tappet / lifter
2353:Flathead layout
2343:
2334:
2228:
2219:
2206:
2201:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2111:on 3 March 2012
2099:
2098:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2017:
2016:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1817:
1795:Georgano, G. N.
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1660:www.kawasaki.eu
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1244:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1186:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1135:. 26 April 2018
1133:Bring a Trailer
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1103:www.moto123.com
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
987:
986:
982:
959:
955:
946:
944:
936:
935:
931:
924:
911:
910:
903:
896:
879:
878:
857:
853:
848:
847:
822:
818:
804:
800:
795:
768:
733:Crosley CC Four
717:
652:Bugatti Type 59
644:
637:
630:
621:
616:and the Allied
606:
597:
590:
581:
574:
542:Hispano-Suiza 8
506:aircraft engine
496:
457:
452:
440:Bentley 8 Litre
368:Bentley 3 Litre
344:
332:
315:compact coupe.
280:
274:
269:
209:
186:straight engine
166:
158:fuel efficiency
154:
117:flathead engine
105:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2702:Cooling system
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2659:Exhaust system
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Inlet manifold
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Fuel injection
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2251:Connecting rod
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2144:
2122:
2089:
2064:
2039:
2007:
1992:
1975:
1954:
1930:
1902:
1877:
1871:978-0976668343
1870:
1852:
1830:
1815:
1786:
1771:
1744:Boddy, William
1732:
1719:
1700:
1672:
1647:
1633:
1606:
1599:
1573:
1541:(March 2004).
1539:Cameron, Kevin
1530:
1515:
1493:
1473:
1466:
1445:
1414:Boddy, William
1405:
1388:
1368:
1350:Boddy, William
1336:
1329:
1301:
1287:
1264:
1242:
1219:
1174:
1162:www.dansmc.com
1146:
1120:
1090:
1060:
1020:
980:
953:
929:
922:
901:
894:
854:
852:
849:
846:
845:
816:
797:
796:
794:
791:
790:
789:
784:
779:
774:
767:
764:
731:The 1946–1948
716:
713:
643:
640:
639:
638:
631:
624:
622:
610:Mercedes D.III
607:
600:
598:
591:
584:
582:
575:
568:
534:Mercedes D.III
516:Central Powers
495:
492:
456:
453:
451:
448:
402:and 2011-2016
364:Maudslay 25/30
343:
340:
331:
328:
276:Main article:
273:
270:
268:
265:
208:
205:
165:
162:
104:
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2864:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:Water cooling
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2692:Oxygen sensor
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:Intake system
2605:
2599:
2598:Starter motor
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2537:Ignition coil
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Petrol engine
2467:
2465:
2464:Diesel engine
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:Blowoff valve
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2345:Cylinder head
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Balance shaft
2234:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1690:The Telegraph
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1636:
1634:0-7603-1734-8
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1600:0-7513-0206-6
1596:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:0-8306-2069-9
1490:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:0-517-42464-9
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1302:
1290:
1288:0-7603-1783-6
1284:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:1-4018-5941-0
1239:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1073:www.honda.com
1070:
1064:
1061:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
984:
981:
978:
974:
973:Quad 4 engine
970:
966:
962:
957:
954:
943:
939:
933:
930:
925:
923:9780435048167
919:
915:
908:
906:
902:
897:
895:9781408515181
891:
887:
883:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
856:
850:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
820:
817:
812:
808:
802:
799:
792:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
765:
763:
759:
757:
756:Fiat Twin Cam
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
726:
725:Crosley CoBra
721:
714:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:Singer Junior
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
665:In 1926, the
663:
661:
653:
648:
641:
635:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
604:
599:
595:
588:
583:
579:
572:
567:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
520:German Empire
517:
513:
505:
500:
493:
491:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Marr Auto Car
462:
454:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:Leyland Eight
428:
426:
425:Fisher Pierce
423:in 1961, and
422:
418:
414:
409:
405:
404:Kawasaki W800
401:
400:Kawasaki W650
397:
393:
392:Ducati Single
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:, the 1917-?
369:
365:
361:
353:
348:
341:
339:
337:
329:
327:
325:
324:roller chains
321:
316:
314:
309:
308:Devin-Panhard
304:
302:
297:
293:
284:
279:
271:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
242:
238:
233:
230:
226:
222:
213:
206:
204:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
170:
163:
161:
159:
152:
150:
146:
145:engine timing
142:
141:cylinder head
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:cylinder head
68:
65:in which the
64:
63:piston engine
60:
56:
52:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2722:Electric fan
2522:Coil-on-plug
2448:Turbocharger
2443:Supercharger
2357:
2315:Main bearing
2305:Firing order
2295:Displacement
2241:Block heater
2225:Engine block
2213:Part of the
2212:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:
2147:
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2104:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2025:
2019:
2001:
1995:
1984:
1978:
1967:. Retrieved
1944:
1933:
1925:
1918:. Retrieved
1912:
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1861:
1855:
1847:the original
1842:
1833:
1802:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1757:
1751:
1722:
1703:
1688:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1623:
1615:Walker, Mick
1609:
1584:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1552:
1546:
1533:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1483:
1476:
1457:
1436:. Retrieved
1427:
1421:
1408:
1400:
1393:. Retrieved
1378:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1316:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1277:
1255:. Retrieved
1232:
1210:. Retrieved
1198:
1192:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1137:. Retrieved
1132:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1102:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:the original
1072:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1039:
1033:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
999:
993:
983:
956:
945:. Retrieved
941:
932:
913:
881:
831:, the early
819:
801:
772:Cam-in-block
760:
741:
730:
715:1945–present
689:Wolseley Ten
686:
671:
664:
662:luxury car.
657:
634:Liberty L-12
618:Liberty L-12
562:
546:Liberty L-12
529:
523:
509:
485:
476:
458:
429:
413:General Tire
398:, 1999-2007
394:, 1973-1980
372:Liberty L-12
357:
333:
320:timing chain
319:
317:
305:
295:
289:
250:
245:
234:
228:
224:
220:
218:
198:
181:
179:
153:
133:
121:engine block
106:
96:
88:
87:
83:engine block
58:
54:
50:
48:
2746:Lubrication
2710:Air cooling
2527:Distributor
2479:Fuel filter
2457:Fuel system
2438:Intercooler
2405:Timing belt
2395:Head gasket
2325:Piston ring
2082:19 December
2057:19 December
1920:27 February
1895:29 December
1753:Motor Sport
1665:19 December
1656:"2015 W800"
1548:Cycle World
1423:Motor Sport
1358:Motor Sport
1294:27 February
1139:6 September
1035:Cycle World
995:Motor Sport
727:SOHC engine
682:Offenhauser
558:Napier Lion
504:Napier Lion
494:World War I
388:Norton Manx
360:bevel gears
296:timing belt
241:flat engine
194:flat engine
136:valve float
129:rocker arms
43:Honda D15A3
2798:Power band
2758:Oil filter
2732:Thermostat
2677:EGT sensor
2639:MAF sensor
2634:MAP sensor
2619:Air filter
2583:Alternator
2542:Spark plug
2474:Carburetor
2400:Rocker arm
2340:Valvetrain
2271:Crankshaft
2215:Automobile
2162:31 January
1969:2015-02-02
1964:2006017040
1816:0525932542
1799:"Maudslay"
1681:Ash, Kevin
1619:"4 Engine"
1438:6 February
1252:2004057974
947:2018-09-20
851:References
723:1946–1949
709:Norton CS1
678:Stutz DV32
592:1914–1918
576:1914–1918
336:gear train
330:Gear train
292:crankshaft
267:Components
248:engines.
201:rocker arm
115:(OHV) and
73:above the
2532:Glow plug
2494:Fuel tank
2489:Fuel pump
2256:Crankcase
2115:29 August
2034:0035-7189
1797:(1982) .
1764:3 January
1640:4 January
1617:(2003) .
1566:7 January
1561:0011-4286
1555:(3): 14.
1508:7 January
1395:4 January
1207:0032-4558
1167:29 August
1113:2 January
1083:2 January
1053:2 January
1048:0011-4286
1008:0027-2019
793:Footnotes
748:Jaguar XK
642:1919–1944
455:1900–1914
444:NSU Prinz
376:MG Midget
313:Glas 1004
2846:Category
2831:Category
2776:Dry sump
2772:Wet sump
2763:Oil pump
2727:Radiator
2644:Throttle
2504:Ignition
2375:Camshaft
2300:Flywheel
2281:Cylinder
2266:Crankpin
2139:Archived
1825:81-71857
1760:(3): 230
1695:Archived
1503:79026958
1432:Archived
1107:Archived
1013:29 March
839:and the
766:See also
693:MG 18/80
554:BMW IIIa
550:Max Friz
461:Maudslay
421:Homelite
237:V engine
229:twin-cam
190:V engine
125:pushrods
67:camshaft
2803:Redline
2687:Muffler
2588:Battery
2512:Magneto
1986:Autocar
1257:1 March
1212:1 March
777:Camless
620:engines
614:BMW III
450:History
408:Crosley
45:engine)
2826:Portal
2614:Airbox
2593:Dynamo
2320:Piston
2310:Stroke
2289:layout
2217:series
2032:
1962:
1952:
1868:
1823:
1813:
1715:
1631:
1597:
1559:
1501:
1491:
1464:
1428:XLVIII
1386:
1327:
1285:
1250:
1240:
1205:
1046:
1006:
920:
892:
835:, 10V
827:, the
512:Allied
417:Fageol
366:, the
253:tappet
103:Design
61:is a
59:engine
2786:Other
2410:Valve
2380:Chest
650:1933
352:bevel
227:, or
2768:Sump
2285:bank
2246:Bore
2164:2015
2117:2012
2084:2019
2059:2019
2030:ISSN
1960:LCCN
1950:ISBN
1922:2015
1897:2019
1866:ISBN
1821:LCCN
1811:ISBN
1766:2015
1667:2019
1642:2015
1629:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1568:2015
1557:ISSN
1510:2015
1499:LCCN
1489:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1440:2015
1397:2015
1384:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1296:2015
1283:ISBN
1259:2015
1248:LCCN
1238:ISBN
1214:2015
1203:ISSN
1169:2012
1141:2022
1115:2015
1085:2015
1055:2015
1044:ISSN
1015:2015
1004:ISSN
918:ISBN
890:ISBN
809:and
514:and
486:The
127:and
2753:Oil
2342:and
2227:and
1807:407
1591:144
1321:191
1199:170
886:IMI
522:'s
239:or
192:or
55:OHC
49:An
32:Ohc
2848::
2774:,
2287:,
2155:.
2137:.
2133:.
2103:.
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2050:.
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