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1328:"We all admit that the book of Nature and the book of Revelation come alike from God, and that consequently there can be no real discrepancy between the two if rightly interpreted. The provisions of Science and Revelation are, for the most part, so distinct that there is little chance of collision. But if an apparent discrepancy should arise, we have no right on principle, to exclude either in favour of the other. For however firmly convinced we may be of the truth of revelation, we must admit our liability to err as to the extent or interpretation of what is revealed; and however strong the scientific evidence in favour of a theory may be, we must remember that we are dealing with evidence which, in its nature, is probable only, and it is conceivable that wider scientific knowledge might lead us to alter our opinion".
1204:
the assistance rendered was so real that pupils were glad to consult him, even after they had become colleagues, on mathematical and physical problems in which they found themselves at a loss. Then during the thirty years he acted as secretary of the Royal
Society, he exercised an enormous if inconspicuous influence on the advancement of mathematical and physical science, not only directly by his own investigations, but indirectly by suggesting problems for inquiry and inciting men to attack them, and by his readiness to give encouragement and help.
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676:. Alongside a lifelong commitment to his Protestant faith, Stokes's childhood in Skreen had a strong influence on his later decision to pursue fluid dynamics as a research area. His daughter, Isabella Humphreys, wrote that her father "told me that he was nearly carried away by one of these great waves when bathing as a boy off the coast of Sligo, and this first attracted his attention to waves".
3379:
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of light of the same wavelength. He modestly disclaimed "any part of
Kirchhoff's admirable discovery," adding that he felt some of his friends had been over-zealous in his cause. It must be said, however, that English men of science have not accepted this disclaimer in all its fullness, and still attribute to Stokes the credit of having first enunciated the fundamental principles of
1361:
1245:
819:
1183:
933:, which were little understood. However, by cleverly truncating the series (i.e., ignoring all except the first few terms of the series), Stokes obtained an accurate approximation to the integral that was far easier to evaluate than the integral itself. Stokes's research on asymptotic series led to fundamental insights about such series.
994:
1256:, where he gave evidence about the effects of wind loads on the bridge. The centre section of the bridge (known as the High Girders) was completely destroyed during a storm on 28 December 1879, while an express train was in the section, and everyone aboard died (more than 75 victims). The Board of Inquiry listened to many
857:, which can be measured by the time it takes to pass two marks on the tube. Electronic sensing can be used for opaque fluids. Knowing the terminal velocity, the size and density of the sphere, and the density of the liquid, Stokes's law can be used to calculate the viscosity of the fluid. A series of steel
1267:
into the effect of wind pressure on structures. The effects of high winds on large structures had been neglected at that time, and the commission conducted a series of measurements across
Britain to gain an appreciation of wind speeds during storms, and the pressures they exerted on exposed surfaces.
1203:
In another way, too, Stokes did much for the progress of mathematical physics. Soon after he was elected to the
Lucasian chair he announced that he regarded it as part of his professional duties to help any member of the university with difficulties he might encounter in his mathematical studies, and
1224:
in May 1847, and he served as a member of the subsequent Royal
Commission into the use of cast iron in railway structures. He contributed to the calculation of the forces exerted by moving engines on bridges. The bridge failed because a cast iron beam was used to support the loads of passing trains.
1195:
by at least seven or eight years. Stokes, however, in a letter published some years after the delivery of this address, stated that he had failed to take one essential step in the argument—not perceiving that emission of light of definite wavelength not merely permitted, but necessitated, absorption
723:
of mathematics at
Cambridge, a position he held until his death in 1903. On 1 June 1899, the jubilee of this appointment was celebrated there in a ceremony attended by numerous delegates from European and American universities. A commemorative gold medal was presented to Stokes by the chancellor of
702:
In accordance with the college statutes, Stokes had to resign the fellowship when he married in 1857. Twelve years later, under new statutes, he was re-elected to the fellowship and he retained that place until 1902, when on the day before his 83rd birthday, he was elected as the college's Master.
803:
on a new footing, and provided a key not only to the explanation of many natural phenomena, such as the suspension of clouds in the air, and the subsidence of ripples and waves in water, but also to the solution of practical problems, such as the flow of water in rivers and channels, and the skin
757:
Stokes's original work began about 1840, and is distinguished for its quantity and quality. The Royal
Society's catalogue of scientific papers gives the titles of over a hundred memoirs by him published down to 1883. Some of these are only brief notes, others are short controversial or corrective
1345:
on 4 July 1857. They had five children: Arthur Romney, who inherited the baronetcy; Susanna
Elizabeth, who died in infancy; Isabella Lucy (Mrs Laurence Humphry) who contributed the personal memoir of her father in "Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of the Late George Gabriel Stokes, Bart"; Dr
1174:
stated his belief that the application of the prismatic analysis of light to solar and stellar chemistry had never been suggested directly or indirectly by anyone else when Stokes taught it to him at
Cambridge University some time prior to the summer of 1852, and he set forth the conclusions,
799:. To the theory of sound he made several contributions, including a discussion of the effect of wind on the intensity of sound and an explanation of how the intensity is influenced by the nature of the gas in which the sound is produced. These inquiries together put the science of
5774:
1505:
Stokes's mathematical and physical papers (see external links) were published in a collected form in five volumes; the first three (Cambridge, 1880, 1883, and 1901) under his own editorship, and the two last (Cambridge, 1904 and 1905) under that of Sir
1318:
and was actively involved in doctrinal debates concerning missionary work. However, although his religious views were mostly orthodox, he was unusual among
Victorian evangelicals in rejecting eternal punishment in hell, and instead was a proponent of
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794:
and some cases of fluid motion. These were followed in 1845 by one on the friction of fluids in motion and the equilibrium and motion of elastic solids, and in 1850 by another on the effects of the internal friction of fluids on the motion of
743:, of which he had been one of the secretaries since 1854. As he was also Lucasian Professor at this time, Stokes was the first person to hold all three positions simultaneously; Newton held the same three, although not at the same time.
1190:
These statements, containing as they do the physical basis on which spectroscopy rests, and the way in which it is applicable to the identification of substances existing in the sun and stars, make it appear that Stokes anticipated
60:
1724:
3281:
640:. Stokes's extensive correspondence and his work as Secretary of the Royal Society has led him to be referred to as a gatekeeper of Victorian science, with his contributions surpassing his own published papers.
1346:
William George Gabriel, physician, a troubled man who committed suicide aged 30 while temporarily insane; and Dora Susanna, who died in infancy. His male line and hence his baronetcy have since become extinct.
5108:
2553:"Notice of the researches of the late Rev. William Vernon Harcourt, on the conditions of transparency in glass, and the connexion between the chemical constitution and optical properties of different glasses"
5789:
1938:
Report of the Twenty-seventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Dublin in August and September 1857: Notices and Abstracts of Miscellaneous Communications to the
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2557:
Report of the Forty-first Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Edinburgh in August 1871: Notices and Abstracts of Miscellaneous Communications to the Sections
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1001:
In the same year, 1852, there appeared the paper on the composition and resolution of streams of polarised light from different sources, and in 1853 an investigation of the metallic
868:
The same theory explains why small water droplets (or ice crystals) can remain suspended in air (as clouds) until they grow to a critical size and start falling as rain (or snow and
5819:
5101:
2751:"On the cause of the light border frequently noticed in photographs just outside the outline of a dark body seen against the sky; with some introductory remarks on phosphorescence"
683:. Of all his family he was closest to his sister Elizabeth. Their mother was remembered in the family as "beautiful but very stern". After attending schools in Skreen, Dublin and
1342:
973:, which describes this conversion, is named in Stokes's honour. A mechanical model, illustrating the dynamical principle of Stokes's explanation was shown. The offshoot of this,
1107:; his explanation of the light border frequently noticed in photographs just outside the outline of a dark body seen against the sky (1882); and, still later, his theory of the
3394:
853:, in which the fluid is stationary in a vertical glass tube. A sphere of known size and density is allowed to descend through the liquid. If correctly selected, it reaches
4505:
1111:, which he suggested might be transverse waves travelling as innumerable solitary waves, not in regular trains. Two long papers published in 1849 – one on attractions and
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736:
621:
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1123:—also demand notice, as do his mathematical memoirs on the critical values of sums of periodic series (1847) and on the numerical calculation of a class of definite
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1489:
In 1909, the Stokes Society at Pembroke College was founded as an academic hub for undergraduate scientists across the University. It remains active as of 2023.
1009:. About 1860 he was engaged in an inquiry on the intensity of light reflected from, or transmitted through, a pile of plates; and in 1862 he prepared for the
5749:
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1151:
Many of Stokes's discoveries were not published, or were only touched upon in the course of his oral lectures. One such example is his work in the theory of
3056:"Report of the Court of Inquiry and Report of Mr Rothery Upon the Circumstances attending the Fall of a Portion of the Tay Bridge on the 28th December 1879"
5764:
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3399:
735:
Stokes, who was made a baronet in 1889, further served his university by representing it in parliament from 1887 to 1892 as one of the two members for the
5729:
334:
1059:. A still later paper connected with the construction of optical instruments discussed the theoretical limits to the aperture of microscope objectives.
4747:
4533:
3842:
1552:
5784:
5704:
4779:
3638:
1412:, his lectures on light, which were published in 1884–1887, dealt with its nature, its use as a means of investigation, and its beneficial effects.
1048:, he investigated the relation between the chemical composition and the optical properties of various glasses, with reference to the conditions of
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823:
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being the other two, who especially contributed to the fame of the Cambridge school of mathematical physics in the middle of the 19th century.
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of 1899, the greater part of it was concerned with waves and the transformations imposed on them during their passage through various media.
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3704:
2559:. Report of the ... Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1833). London, England: John Murray. pp. 38–41.
1941:. Report of the ... Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1833). London, England: John Murray. pp. 22–23.
252:
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of different diameters is normally used in the classic experiment to improve the accuracy of the calculation. The school experiment uses
1520:
1045:
985:, Lord Kelvin said he had heard an account of it from Stokes many years before, and had repeatedly but vainly begged him to publish it.
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theoretical and practical, which he learnt from Stokes at that time, and which he afterwards gave regularly in his public lectures at
669:
664:, and his wife Elizabeth Haughton, daughter of the Reverend John Haughton. Stokes's home life was strongly influenced by his father's
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620:, then the most prestigious scientific prize in the world, "for his researches and discoveries in physical science". He represented
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Report of the Thirty-second Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Cambridge in October 1862
1613:
Baldwin, Melinda (2014). "Tyndall and Stokes: Correspondence, Referee Reports, and the Physical Sciences in Victorian Britain".
1017:, a phenomenon where certain crystals show different refractive indices along different axes. Perhaps the best known crystal is
5041:
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4950:
2993:
Report of the Forty-first Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Edinburgh in August 1871
1430:
1298:, which had been founded to defend evangelical Christian principles against challenges from the new sciences, especially the
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Stokes did not hold that position for long, for he died at Cambridge on 1 February the following year, and was buried in the
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Notices of the Proceedings at the Meetings of the Members of the Royal Institution, with Abstracts of the Discourses
2271:
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1463:
2522:"On the application of the optical properties of bodies to the detection and discrimination of organic substances"
1884:"On the theories of the internal friction of fluids in motion and of the equilibrium and motion of elastic solids"
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must be perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Two years later he discussed the colours of thick plates.
1028:
A paper on the long spectrum of the electric light bears the same date, and was followed by an inquiry into the
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3724:
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2217:, vol. 10, part I, pp. 105–124. After its presentation, an Appendix was added to this paper; see pages 125–128.
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Stokes's first published papers, which appeared in 1842 and 1843, were on the steady motion of incompressible
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led to his calculating the terminal velocity for a sphere falling in a viscous medium. This became known as
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However, Hoppe did not provide an illustration of blood's absorption spectrum, which Stokes did provide:
872:). Similar use of the equation can be made in the settlement of fine particles in water or other fluids.
865:
as the fluid, and the technique is used industrially to check the viscosity of fluids used in processes.
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929:. Airy's findings involved an integral that was awkward to evaluate. Stokes expressed the integral as a
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1112:
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appeared in 1845 and 1846, and were followed in 1848 by one on the theory of certain bands seen in the
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1642:"Sir George Gabriel Stokes in Skreen: how a childhood by the sea influenced a giant in fluid dynamics"
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Lewis, Peter R.; Gagg, Colin (2004). "Aesthetics versus function: the fall of the Dee bridge, 1847".
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Stokes generally held conservative religious values and beliefs. In 1886, he became president of the
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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relating to the breaking of railway bridges (1849), research related to his evidence given to the
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George Stokes was the youngest son of the Reverend Gabriel Stokes (died 1834), a clergyman in the
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bodies by their optical properties was treated in 1864; and later, in conjunction with the Rev.
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in 1852 in recognition of his inquiries into the wavelength of light, and later, in 1893, the
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exhibited by certain non-metallic substances. The research was to highlight the phenomenon of
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Edited by Mark McCartney, Andrew Whitaker, and Alastair Wood, Oxford University Press, 2019.
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named a building after Stokes in recognition of his contributions to physics and mathematics.
632:. Stokes also served as president of the Royal Society from 1885 to 1890 and was briefly the
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Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silvery Tay: Reinvestigating the Tay Bridge Disaster of 1879
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attached together in such a way so that the lenses can be rotated relative to one another.
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Perhaps his best-known researches are those which deal with the wave theory of light. His
843:
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399:
3633:
3505:
3461:
3159:
3099:
3027:
2833:
2766:
2727:
2639:
2314:
2299:"On the composition and resolution of streams of polarized light from different sources"
2178:"Supplement to a paper, "On the intensity of light in the neighbourhood of a caustic," "
2147:
1996:
1918:
1657:
1260:, and concluded that the bridge was "badly designed, badly built and badly maintained".
679:
John and George were always close, and George lived with John while attending school in
565:
from 1849 until his death in 1903. As a physicist, Stokes made seminal contributions to
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2361:"On the intensity of the light reflected from or transmitted through a pile of plates"
1452:
His academic distinctions included honorary degrees from many universities, including
668:
Protestantism: three of his brothers entered the Church, of whom the most eminent was
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2782:
2673:
2212:"On the discontinuity of arbitrary constants which appear in divergent developments,"
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1756:'The Abbey Scientists' Hall, A.R. p. 58: London; Roger & Robert Nicholson (1966).
1507:
1467:
1457:
1379:
1375:
1220:
Stokes was involved in several investigations into railway accidents, especially the
962:
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740:
732:. At 54 years, Stokes's tenure as the Lucasian Professor was the longest in history.
613:
546:
468:
320:
262:
3521:
2945:"On the numerical calculation of a class of definite integrals and infinite series,"
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2202:"On the numerical calculation of a class of definite integrals and infinite series,"
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2966:"Discussion of a differential equation relating to the breaking of railway bridges"
2572:"On the question of a theoretical limit to the apertures of microscopic objectives"
1697:
Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of the late Sir George Gabriel Stokes Volume 1
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A calcite crystal laid upon a paper with some letters showing the double refraction
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Stokes married Mary Susanna Robinson, the only daughter of Irish astronomer Rev
1171:
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work began at an early period in his scientific career. His first papers on the
602:
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377:
287:
116:
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge
3513:
2453:[On the behavior of the pigment of blood in the spectrum of sunlight].
605:, and showed colour changes produced by the aeration of haemoglobin solutions.
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Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of the Late Sir George Gabriel Stokes ...
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Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society
2345:
2035:
1954:"On the communication of vibration from a vibrating body to a surrounding gas"
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950:
850:
839:
217:
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3403:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 951–953.
3191:
Notes by the President on the Origin of the Books of Revelation and of Nature
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Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin
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1969:
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
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2537:
1985:"On the effect of internal friction of fluids on the motion of pendulums"
1907:"On the effect of internal friction of fluids on the motion of pendulums"
1466:
on 6 September 1902, when they celebrated the centennial of the birth of
1263:
As a result of his evidence, he was appointed a member of the subsequent
1124:
796:
774:
In scope, Stokes's work covered a wide range of physical inquiry but, as
2330:"On the metallic reflection exhibited by certain nonmetallic substances"
1780:"La théorie des ondes lumineuses: son influence sur la physique moderne"
5449:
5284:
5184:
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3660:
2466:
2451:"Ueber das Verhalten des Blutfarbstoffes im Spectrum des Sonnenlichtes"
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3341:. Student Run Computing Facility, Cambridge University. February 2023.
3253:
London Metropolitan Archive; Reference Number: COL/CHD/FR/02/2275-2278
2648:
1782:[The theory of light waves: its influence on modern physics].
5143:
5133:
3036:
2842:
2487:"On the reduction and oxidation of the colouring matter of the blood"
1615:
The Age of Scientific Naturalism: John Tyndall and His Contemporaries
1280:
1241:, and many other similar bridges had to be demolished or reinforced.
965:, materials which he viewed as having the power to convert invisible
896:
680:
657:
144:
3448:
Craik, A.D.D. (2005), "George Gabriel Stokes on water wave theory",
2622:
Ferrer-Altabás, Sara; Thibos, Larry; Micó, Vicente (14 March 2022).
1415:
On 18 April 1888 he was admitted as a Freeman of the City of London.
1402:
In 1883 he was elected an International Member of the United States
699:, achievements that earned him election as a fellow of the college.
59:
3193:: Journal of Transactions of the Victoria Institute 22 (1888–1889).
3118:
Conflict and crisis in the religious life of late victorian England
993:
728:
were formally offered to Pembroke College and to the university by
5610:
5359:
5234:
5224:
5194:
3384:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3262:
1275:
1243:
1211:
1157:
1108:
1086:
992:
940:
817:
791:
765:
1075:. It is a lens combination consisted of equal but opposite power
838:. He derived an expression for the frictional force (also called
5650:
5479:
5314:
5304:
3144:"Stokes: Victorian Britain's Most Important Religious Scientist"
2989:"Address of Sir William Thomson, Knt., LL.D., F.R.S., President"
869:
5090:
4487:
4287:
3838:
3204:"George Gabriel Stokes | American Academy of Arts and Sciences"
1396:
In 1874 he was elected an International Honorary Member of the
5254:
3338:
2165:"On the intensity of light in the neighbourhood of a caustic,"
880:
36:
910:
In 1849 he published a long paper on the dynamical theory of
1359:
1095:
In other areas of physics may be mentioned his paper on the
3322:"Honorary doctorates from the University of Oslo 1902–1910"
2445:(1825–1895) had examined the absorption spectrum of blood:
1819:
1817:
969:
into radiation of longer wavelengths that are visible. The
746:
Stokes was the oldest of the trio of natural philosophers,
531:
3416:
Kelvin and Stokes A Comparative Study in Victorian Physics
3352:
DCU names three buildings after inspiring women scientists
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
3121:. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 46.
2903:"On the variation of gravity at the surface of the Earth"
2415:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
2254:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
2078:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
1958:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
1740:
1738:
1630:, history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Accessed 28 January 2023.
1422:
as Sir George Gabriel Stokes of Lensfield Cottage in the
1137:
Royal Commission on the Use of Iron in Railway structures
3530:
Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847
3012:"Prof. Stokes on the early history of spectrum analysis"
2925:"On the critical values of the sums of periodic series,"
707:. There is also a memorial to him in the north aisle at
612:
by the British monarch in 1889. In 1893 he received the
1429:
In 1889, he was elected an International Member of the
1378:, of which he became a fellow in 1851, he received the
758:
statements, but many are long and elaborate treatises.
5790:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
3310:. No. 36867. London. 8 September 1902. p. 4.
2854:"The Wilde Lecture: On the nature of the Röntgen rays"
1326:
As President of the Victoria Institute, Stokes wrote:
601:, first demonstrated the oxygen transport function of
5671:
People whose names are used in chemical element names
5667:
Scientists whose names are used in physical constants
2074:"On the theory of certain bands seen in the spectrum"
537:
534:
525:
1699:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 31.
1440:
lecturer, he published a volume on Natural Theology.
528:
5539:
5489:
5334:
5153:
5122:
5033:
4854:
4715:
4624:
4525:
3630:
from the University of Michigan Digital Collection.
2995:. London, England: John Murray. pp. lxxxiv–cv.
2970:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2948:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2928:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2907:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2303:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2215:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2205:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2181:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2168:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2140:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2117:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
1989:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
1911:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
1888:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
1865:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
1842:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
1784:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
486:
462:
450:
431:
405:
395:
387:
373:
301:
230:
216:
208:
182:
172:
155:
131:
126:
110:
98:
79:
34:
3010:Whitmell, C.T.L.; Stokes, G. G. (6 January 1876).
2805:Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
5825:Presidents of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
3148:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
2398:. London, England: John Murray. pp. 253–282.
1934:"On the effect of wind on the intensity of sound"
557:, Ireland, Stokes spent all of his career at the
545:; 13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903) was an Irish
5725:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
5663:List of scientists whose names are used as units
3666:contributions in Parliament by Sir George Stokes
3651:Works by or about Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet
2943:G. G. Stokes (presented: 1850; published: 1856)
2923:G. G. Stokes (presented: 1847; published: 1849)
2240:(1926–2010), who investigated asymptotic series.
2210:G. G. Stokes (presented: 1857; published: 1864)
2200:G. G. Stokes (presented: 1850; published: 1856)
2051:"On Fresnel's theory of the aberration of light"
1356:List of things named after George Gabriel Stokes
1838:"On the steady motion of incompressible fluids"
842:) exerted on spherical objects with very small
5810:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
3544:George Gabriel Stokes: Life, Science and Faith
3306:"Foreign degrees for British men of Science".
3061:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 44.
2238:obituary of mathematician Robert Balson Dingle
1512:Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of Stokes
949:In 1852, in his famous paper on the change of
5820:Members of the American Philosophical Society
5102:
4499:
4299:
3850:
2884:The Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal
2693:The Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal
1408:From 1883 to 1885 he was Burnett lecturer at
724:the university and marble busts of Stokes by
27:Irish mathematician and physicist (1819–1903)
8:
3596:Biography on Dublin City University Web site
1709:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1103:(1851) and his inquiries in connection with
849:His work is the basis of the falling sphere
739:. In 1885–1890 he was also president of the
2880:"On attractions, and on Clairaut's theorem"
2251:"On the change of refrangibility of light,"
5109:
5095:
5087:
4506:
4492:
4484:
4306:
4292:
4284:
3857:
3843:
3835:
3670:
2755:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
2716:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
2576:Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society
2491:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
2365:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
58:
31:
3643:(1891), Adam and Charles Black. (1891–93
3167:
3035:
2841:
2647:
2587:
2502:
2426:
1418:On 6 July 1889 Queen Victoria made him a
953:of light, he described the phenomenon of
5117:Scientists whose names are used as units
3366:
2411:"On the long spectrum of electric light"
2228:See, for example, Knowledge's articles "
2113:"On the dynamical theory of diffraction"
1823:
1765:
1744:
1314:. He was also the vice-president of the
1252:He appeared as an expert witness at the
1181:
887:, was named in recognition of his work.
5476:John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
3769:Professional and academic associations
3585:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
2689:"On the conduction of heat in crystals"
1605:
1595:List of presidents of the Royal Society
1516:
914:, in which he showed that the plane of
5720:Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge
5715:Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge
4151:Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
3470:10.1146/annurev.fluid.37.061903.175836
1702:
585:. As a mathematician, he popularised "
511:Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet
5710:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
3817:Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge
2712:"On certain movements of radiometers"
1510:, who also selected and arranged the
1398:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1119:at the surface of the Earth (1849) –
719:In 1849, Stokes was appointed to the
7:
3104:. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh.
2270:Thomson, William (2 February 1883).
1725:"Stokes, George Gabriel (STKS837GG)"
1115:, and the other on the variation of
5750:19th-century British mathematicians
2002:The formula for terminal velocity (
1426:; the title became extinct in 1916.
1393:meeting of the British Association.
1166:In his presidential address to the
981:. In 1883, during a lecture at the
691:. Four years later he graduated as
5765:Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
4315:Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
3626:Mathematical and physical papers,
2816:Stokes, G. G. (3 September 1896).
2624:"Astigmatic Stokes lens revisited"
2589:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1878.tb05472.x
830:Stokes's work on fluid motion and
25:
5730:19th-century Irish mathematicians
5617:René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
3612:Mathematical and physical papers
3494:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
3142:Mathieson, Stuart (8 June 2020).
2866: ; see especially pp. 24–25.
2603:Wunsh, Stuart E. (10 July 2016).
2441:In 1862, the German physiologist
1558:Table of contents to Volume I of
1369:Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
1316:British and Foreign Bible Society
1216:The Dee Bridge after its collapse
737:Cambridge University constituency
687:, in 1837 Stokes matriculated at
593:and contributed to the theory of
563:Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
434:Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
253:Stokes's law of sound attenuation
3737:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
3675:Parliament of the United Kingdom
3580:"Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet"
3450:Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
3377:
2207:, vol. 9, part I, pages 166–188.
2136:"On the colours of thick plates"
1576:Mathematical and Physical Papers
1567:
1560:Mathematical and Physical Papers
1551:
1544:Mathematical and Physical Papers
1535:
1528:Mathematical and Physical Papers
1519:
1424:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1248:Fallen Tay Bridge from the north
628:from 1887 to 1892, sitting as a
521:
492:
5785:Presidents of the Royal Society
5705:19th-century Anglo-Irish people
3263:http://www.hereditarytitles.com
2801:"On the nature of Röntgen rays"
2526:Journal of the Chemical Society
2008:appears on p. , equation (127).
1861:"On some cases of fluid motion"
1640:Kearins, Aoife (26 June 2020).
1628:George Gabriel Stokes Biography
1514:published at Cambridge in 1907.
1131:(1850) and his discussion of a
1040:The chemical identification of
925:'s mathematical description of
335:International membership of NAS
198:
5805:Recipients of the Copley Medal
5466:Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet
3785:President of the Royal Society
3601:George Gabriel Stokes (1907).
3565:Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet
3115:Schlossberg, Herbert. (2009).
2848: ; see especially p. 430.
1431:American Philosophical Society
1343:St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh
82:President of the Royal Society
1:
5735:19th-century Irish physicists
5526:William John Macquorn Rankine
5456:Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille
3569:Mathematics Genealogy Project
2749:Stokes, G. G. (25 May 1882).
2392:"Report on double refraction"
1389:In 1869 he presided over the
1067:In 1849, Stokes invented the
822:Creeping flow past a sphere:
65:
5780:Fellows of the Royal Society
5700:Scientists from County Sligo
3725:Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb
3716:Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb
2020:"On the aberration of light"
1404:National Academy of Sciences
1208:Contributions to engineering
5181:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
3532:, Tempus Publishing (2007)
3429:Roche, John (26 May 1988).
2570:Stokes, G. G. (July 1878).
1729:A Cambridge Alumni Database
689:Pembroke College, Cambridge
638:Pembroke College, Cambridge
391:Pembroke College, Cambridge
224:Pembroke College, Cambridge
5841:
4095:Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
4071:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
3514:10.1179/030801804225012563
3395:Stokes, Sir George Gabriel
3098:Stokes, Sir G. G. (1891).
2359:Stokes, George G. (1862).
1731:. University of Cambridge.
1695:Larmor, Larmor, J (1907).
1574:First page of Volume I of
1542:Title page to Volume I of
1464:Royal Frederick University
1353:
811:
5660:
5506:Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
4919:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
4903:Charles Scott Sherrington
4321:
3873:
3823:
3814:
3806:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3747:
3742:
3735:
3721:
3694:Member of Parliament for
3692:
3680:
3673:
2987:Thomson, William (1871).
2346:10.1080/14786445308647395
2036:10.1080/14786444508645215
921:Stokes also investigated
504:
500:
491:
482:
478:
474:
439:
427:
423:
419:
366:
362:
122:
87:
75:
57:
4959:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
3688:Alexander Beresford Hope
3609:(1907), ed. by J. Larmor
3590:University of St Andrews
3268:13 December 2004 at the
2142:. 9 (part ii): 147–176.
1321:Christian conditionalism
1121:Stokes's gravity formula
762:Contributions to science
626:British House of Commons
577:, with notable works on
5516:Johann Heinrich Lambert
5416:Johann Heinrich Lambert
5281:Rolf Maximilian Sievert
4780:Benjamin Collins Brodie
4756:Marquess of Northampton
4039:Julius Robert von Mayer
3634:Life and work of Stokes
3400:Encyclopædia Britannica
3355:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1371:at Cambridge University
1052:and the improvement of
1046:William Vernon Harcourt
571:Navier–Stokes equations
559:University of Cambridge
243:Navier–Stokes equations
5647:Evangelista Torricelli
4724:William Hyde Wollaston
4111:James Joseph Sylvester
3927:Michel Eugène Chevreul
3887:Alexander von Humboldt
3754:(of Lensfield Cottage)
3169:10.1098/rsta.2019.0518
2964:Stokes, G. G. (1849).
2901:Stokes, G. G. (1849).
2878:Stokes, G. G. (1849).
2852:Stokes, G. G. (1897).
2799:Stokes, G. G. (1896).
2775:10.1098/rspl.1882.0012
2736:10.1098/rspl.1877.0076
2710:Stokes, G. G. (1877).
2687:Stokes, G. G. (1851).
2551:Stokes, G. G. (1872).
2520:Stokes, G. G. (1864).
2504:10.1098/rspl.1863.0080
2485:Stokes, G. G. (1864).
2428:10.1098/rstl.1862.0030
2409:Stokes, G. G. (1862).
2390:Stokes, G. G. (1863).
2377:10.1098/rspl.1860.0119
2334:Philosophical Magazine
2328:Stokes, G. G. (1853).
2297:Stokes, G. G. (1852).
2111:Stokes, G. G. (1849).
2090:10.1098/rstl.1848.0016
2072:Stokes, G. G. (1848).
2055:Philosophical Magazine
2024:Philosophical Magazine
2018:Stokes, G. G. (1845).
1983:Stokes, G. G. (1851).
1970:10.1098/rstl.1868.0017
1905:Stokes, G. G. (1851).
1836:Stokes, G. G. (1842).
1778:Cornu, Alfred (1899).
1666:10.1098/rsta.2019.0516
1494:Dublin City University
1364:
1339:Thomas Romney Robinson
1291:
1249:
1217:
1187:
1163:
1092:
998:
967:ultra-violet radiation
946:
827:
771:
721:Lucasian professorship
5547:Alexander Graham Bell
5446:Hans Christian Ørsted
5346:Anders Jonas Ångström
4828:George Gabriel Stokes
4215:George Gabriel Stokes
4119:Charles Adolphe Wurtz
4055:Hermann von Helmholtz
4023:Henri Victor Regnault
3903:Johannes Peter Müller
3895:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
3810:Charles Edward Searle
2818:"On the Röntgen rays"
2449:Hoppe, Felix (1862).
2249:Stokes, G. G. (1852)
2234:asymptotic expansions
2134:Stokes, G.G. (1851).
2049:Stokes, G.G. (1846).
1991:. 9, part ii: 8–106.
1952:Stokes, G.G. (1868).
1932:Stokes, G.G. (1858).
1913:. 9, part ii: 8–106.
1882:Stokes, G.G. (1845).
1859:Stokes, G.G. (1843).
1486:, is named after him.
1456:Doctor mathematicae (
1363:
1354:Further information:
1302:theory of biological
1279:
1247:
1215:
1185:
1161:
1133:differential equation
1090:
1013:a valuable report on
996:
944:
821:
804:resistance of ships.
770:Stokes at a later age
769:
597:. Stokes, along with
595:asymptotic expansions
188:Mary Susanna Robinson
5540:Non-systematic units
5386:Carl Friedrich Gauss
5321:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
5231:James Prescott Joule
4812:William Spottiswoode
4804:Joseph Dalton Hooker
4657:Earl of Macclesfield
4199:Stanislao Cannizzaro
4167:Joseph Dalton Hooker
4031:James Prescott Joule
3943:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
3729:Sir John Eldon Gorst
3696:Cambridge University
3576:Robertson, Edmund F.
3286:search.amphilsoc.org
3282:"APS Member History"
3073:"Lucasian Chair.org"
2722:(179–184): 546–555.
2605:"The Cross Cylinder"
2538:10.1039/js8641700304
1448:Order Pour le Mérite
1147:Unpublished research
674:Archdeacon of Armagh
622:Cambridge University
5436:James Clerk Maxwell
4927:William Henry Bragg
4820:Thomas Henry Huxley
4796:George Biddell Airy
4398:George Biddell Airy
4350:Nicholas Saunderson
4271:Marcellin Berthelot
4263:John William Strutt
4247:Albert von Kölliker
4175:Thomas Henry Huxley
4159:Franz Ernst Neumann
4007:Karl Ernst von Baer
3919:Henri Milne-Edwards
3777:Thomas Henry Huxley
3574:O'Connor, John J.;
3506:2004ISRv...29..177L
3462:2005AnRFM..37...23C
3160:2020RSPTA.37890518M
3028:1876Natur..13..188W
2834:1896Natur..54R.427.
2767:1882RSPS...34...63S
2728:1877RSPS...26..546S
2640:2022OExpr..30.8974F
2315:1851TCaPS...9..399S
2272:"The size of atoms"
2148:1851TCaPS...9..147S
1997:1851TCaPS...9....8S
1919:1851TCaPS...9....8S
1768:, pp. 951–952.
1658:2020RSPTA.37890516K
1484:kinematic viscosity
1306:. He gave the 1891
1254:Tay Bridge disaster
1222:Dee Bridge disaster
1168:British Association
1141:Dee Bridge disaster
1030:absorption spectrum
1011:British Association
901:aberration of light
885:kinematic viscosity
748:James Clerk Maxwell
670:John Whitley Stokes
561:, where he was the
105:Thomas Henry Huxley
5745:Optical physicists
5740:British physicists
5271:Werner von Siemens
5130:André-Marie Ampère
5066:Venki Ramakrishnan
5015:Sir Michael Atiyah
4983:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
4935:Henry Hallett Dale
4534:Viscount Brouncker
4015:Charles Wheatstone
3827:Arthur James Mason
3711:Henry Cecil Raikes
3684:Henry Cecil Raikes
3414:Wilson, David B.,
3230:"George G. Stokes"
3210:. 10 February 2023
3079:on 16 October 2013
2954:(part 1): 166–188.
2761:(220–223): 63–68.
2467:10.1007/bf01939277
2443:Felix Hoppe-Seyler
2176:G. B. Airy (1849)
2163:G. B. Airy (1838)
1652:(2174): 20190516.
1365:
1350:Legacy and honours
1296:Victoria Institute
1292:
1250:
1218:
1188:
1164:
1113:Clairaut's theorem
1105:Crookes radiometer
1097:conduction of heat
1093:
1091:Crookes Radiometer
1077:cylindrical lenses
1007:light polarisation
999:
977:, is the basis of
957:, as exhibited by
947:
828:
776:Marie Alfred Cornu
772:
705:Mill Road cemetery
608:Stokes was made a
599:Felix Hoppe-Seyler
177:Mill Road Cemetery
5755:Fluid dynamicists
5677:
5676:
5201:Louis Harold Gray
5084:
5083:
4911:Ernest Rutherford
4542:Joseph Williamson
4481:
4480:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4281:
4280:
4087:James Dwight Dana
3866:Copley Medallists
3833:
3832:
3824:Succeeded by
3802:Academic offices
3792:Succeeded by
3761:Succeeded by
3722:Succeeded by
3607:University press.
3538:978-0-7524-4266-2
3481:, Tempus (2004).
3433:Kelvin and Stokes
3234:www.nasonline.org
3128:978-1-4128-1027-2
2999:see pp. xcv–xcvi.
2828:(1401): 427–430.
2649:10.1364/OE.450062
2236:" as well as the
1471:Niels Henrik Abel
1285:Church of Ireland
1036:Chemical analysis
1015:double refraction
983:Royal Institution
855:terminal velocity
709:Westminster Abbey
650:Church of Ireland
508:
507:
396:Academic advisors
368:Scientific career
283:Stokes parameters
278:Stokes phenomenon
18:Sir George Stokes
16:(Redirected from
5832:
5815:Senior Wranglers
5795:UK MPs 1886–1892
5301:Alessandro Volta
5154:SI derived units
5111:
5104:
5097:
5088:
5077:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5045:
5026:
5018:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4986:
4978:
4975:Patrick Blackett
4970:
4962:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4890:
4882:
4879:Archibald Geikie
4874:
4866:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4598:Robert Southwell
4593:
4590:Earl of Pembroke
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4550:Christopher Wren
4545:
4537:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4485:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4382:Robert Woodhouse
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4285:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4231:Karl Weierstrass
4226:
4223:Edward Frankland
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
4047:Friedrich Wöhler
4042:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3836:
3807:Preceded by
3774:Preceded by
3681:Preceded by
3671:
3655:Internet Archive
3645:Gifford Lectures
3640:Natural Theology
3622:Internet Archive
3608:
3592:
3525:
3472:
3442:
3435:by David Wilson"
3404:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3339:"Stokes Society"
3335:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3278:
3272:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3101:Natural Theology
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3075:. Archived from
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:10.1038/013188c0
3022:(323): 188–189.
3007:
3001:
2996:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2961:
2955:
2941:
2935:
2934: : 533–583.
2921:
2915:
2914:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2847:
2845:
2843:10.1038/054427b0
2812:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2651:
2634:(6): 8974–8990.
2619:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2478:
2461:(3–4): 446–449.
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2294:
2288:
2286:see pp. 207–208.
2283:
2267:
2261:
2247:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2195:
2189:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2015:
2009:
2000:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1792:
1791:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1571:
1555:
1539:
1523:
1312:natural theology
1272:Work on religion
1265:Royal Commission
1258:expert witnesses
1193:Gustav Kirchhoff
979:Raman scattering
931:divergent series
844:Reynolds numbers
778:remarked in his
726:Hamo Thornycroft
697:Smith's prizeman
569:, including the
544:
543:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
518:
496:
465:
453:
444:
406:Notable students
273:Stokes relations
226:
202:
200:
162:
141:
139:
127:Personal details
113:
101:
92:
70:
67:
62:
52:
32:
21:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5760:Irish Anglicans
5680:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5656:
5627:Wilhelm Röntgen
5587:Michael Faraday
5535:
5496:
5485:
5406:Heinrich Kayser
5396:William Gilbert
5376:Galileo Galilei
5335:Non-SI metric (
5330:
5191:Michael Faraday
5161:Henri Becquerel
5149:
5118:
5115:
5085:
5080:
5072:
5064:
5056:
5048:
5040:
5029:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4943:Robert Robinson
4941:
4933:
4925:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4893:
4887:William Crookes
4885:
4877:
4869:
4863:William Huggins
4861:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4772:Lord Wrottesley
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4620:
4612:
4606:Charles Montagu
4604:
4596:
4588:
4582:Earl of Carbery
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4521:
4512:
4482:
4477:
4454:Stephen Hawking
4446:James Lighthill
4406:Charles Babbage
4342:William Whiston
4317:
4312:
4282:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4255:William Huggins
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4135:William Thomson
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4103:Rudolf Clausius
4101:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3863:
3829:
3820:
3812:
3797:
3795:William Thomson
3788:
3779:
3764:
3757:
3752:
3731:
3727:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3690:
3686:
3600:
3573:
3561:
3491:
3475:Peter R Lewis,
3447:
3428:
3411:
3409:Further reading
3393:, ed. (1911). "
3389:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3270:Wayback Machine
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2942:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2851:
2815:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2497:(66): 355–364.
2484:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2248:
2244:
2227:
2223:
2196:
2192:
2173:(3): 379 – 403.
2159:
2155:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2017:
2016:
2012:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1795:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1526:Volumes I-V of
1524:
1503:
1358:
1352:
1335:
1308:Gifford lecture
1274:
1210:
1149:
1129:infinite series
1085:
1065:
1038:
991:
939:
893:
816:
810:
788:
764:
717:
693:senior wrangler
646:
591:vector calculus
587:Stokes' theorem
575:physical optics
567:fluid mechanics
524:
520:
514:
463:
451:
445:
440:
412:
400:William Hopkins
380:
358:
297:
238:Stokes' theorem
222:
204:
201: 1857)
196:
192:
189:
164:
160:
159:1 February 1903
143:
137:
135:
111:
99:
93:
88:
71:
68:
53:
44:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5838:
5836:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5682:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5644:
5634:
5624:
5621:degree Réaumur
5614:
5604:
5597:Heinrich Mache
5594:
5584:
5574:
5564:
5554:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5530:degree Rankine
5523:
5513:
5502:
5500:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5473:
5463:
5453:
5443:
5433:
5426:Samuel Langley
5423:
5413:
5403:
5393:
5383:
5373:
5363:
5353:
5342:
5340:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5318:
5308:
5298:
5288:
5278:
5268:
5258:
5248:
5238:
5228:
5221:Heinrich Hertz
5218:
5208:
5198:
5188:
5178:
5171:Anders Celsius
5168:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5070:
5062:
5058:Sir Paul Nurse
5054:
5046:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5023:Sir Aaron Klug
5019:
5011:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4971:
4963:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4931:
4923:
4915:
4907:
4899:
4891:
4883:
4875:
4867:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4840:
4832:
4824:
4816:
4808:
4800:
4792:
4784:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4748:Duke of Sussex
4744:
4740:Davies Gilbert
4736:
4728:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4665:Earl of Morton
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4239:Carl Gegenbaur
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4207:Rudolf Virchow
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4079:Claude Bernard
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3999:Julius Plücker
3995:
3991:Michel Chasles
3987:
3983:Charles Darwin
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3822:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3723:
3720:
3691:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3657:
3648:
3636:
3631:
3628:volumes 1 to 5
3624:
3610:
3598:
3593:
3571:
3560:
3559:External links
3557:
3556:
3555:
3540:
3526:
3500:(2): 177–191.
3489:
3473:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3391:Chisholm, Hugh
3372:
3371:
3369:, p. 953.
3359:
3344:
3330:
3327:(in Norwegian)
3313:
3298:
3273:
3255:
3246:
3221:
3208:www.amacad.org
3195:
3183:
3134:
3127:
3107:
3090:
3064:
3052:Rothery, Henry
3043:
3002:
2979:
2956:
2936:
2916:
2893:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2849:
2813:
2788:
2741:
2702:
2679:
2628:Optics Express
2614:
2595:
2582:(3): 139–142.
2562:
2543:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2480:
2479:
2434:
2401:
2382:
2351:
2336:. 4th series.
2320:
2289:
2262:
2242:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2174:
2153:
2126:
2103:
2064:
2057:. 3rd series.
2041:
2026:. 3rd series.
2010:
1975:
1944:
1924:
1897:
1874:
1851:
1828:
1826:, p. 952.
1793:
1790:: xvii–xxviii.
1770:
1758:
1749:
1747:, p. 951.
1734:
1716:
1687:
1632:
1620:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:In July 2017,
1490:
1487:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1450:
1443:Member of the
1441:
1434:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1372:
1351:
1348:
1334:
1331:
1273:
1270:
1209:
1206:
1148:
1145:
1084:
1081:
1064:
1061:
1037:
1034:
1021:, transparent
990:
987:
938:
935:
892:
889:
812:Main article:
809:
806:
801:fluid dynamics
787:
786:Fluid dynamics
784:
763:
760:
716:
713:
652:who served as
645:
642:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
489:
488:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
460:
459:
454:
448:
447:
437:
436:
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
407:
403:
402:
397:
393:
392:
389:
385:
384:
375:
371:
370:
364:
363:
360:
359:
357:
356:
350:
344:
341:Actonian Prize
338:
332:
328:Pour le Mérite
324:
318:
312:
305:
303:
299:
298:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
268:Stokes problem
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
234:
232:
228:
227:
220:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
194:
190:
187:
186:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
163:(aged 83)
157:
153:
152:
142:13 August 1819
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
85:
84:
77:
76:
73:
72:
63:
55:
54:
43:
40:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5837:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5637:J. J. Thomson
5635:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5366:Loránd Eötvös
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5333:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5261:Blaise Pascal
5259:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:SI base units
5121:
5112:
5107:
5105:
5100:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5007:George Porter
5004:
5000:
4999:Andrew Huxley
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4967:Howard Florey
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4895:J. J. Thomson
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4871:Lord Rayleigh
4868:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4845:
4844:Joseph Lister
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4788:Edward Sabine
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4764:Earl of Rosse
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4649:Martin Folkes
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4519:Royal Society
4516:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4471:
4470:Michael Cates
4468:
4463:
4462:Michael Green
4460:
4455:
4452:
4447:
4444:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4430:Joseph Larmor
4428:
4423:
4422:George Stokes
4420:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4390:Thomas Turton
4388:
4383:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4367:
4366:Edward Waring
4364:
4359:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4191:Simon Newcomb
4188:
4184:
4183:George Salmon
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4127:Arthur Cayley
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4063:Louis Pasteur
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3975:Adam Sedgwick
3972:
3968:
3967:Thomas Graham
3964:
3960:
3959:Louis Agassiz
3956:
3952:
3951:Robert Bunsen
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3935:Charles Lyell
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3911:Léon Foucault
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3763:Arthur Stokes
3756:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3719:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3553:0-19-882286-3
3550:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3487:0-7524-3160-9
3484:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3439:New Scientist
3436:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3424:0-85274-526-5
3421:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3386:public domain
3375:
3374:
3368:
3367:Chisholm 1911
3363:
3360:
3357:, 5 July 2017
3356:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3154:(2174): 7–8.
3153:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3094:
3091:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2457:(in German).
2456:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2061:(184): 76–81.
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2030:(177): 9–15.
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1824:Chisholm 1911
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1786:(in French).
1785:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:Chisholm 1911
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:Chisholm 1911
1741:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:Joseph Larmor
1500:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1468:mathematician
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:honoris causa
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:Rumford Medal
1377:
1376:Royal Society
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1333:Personal life
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:Ophthalmology
1062:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
995:
988:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:uranium glass
960:
956:
952:
943:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
890:
888:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
866:
864:
860:
859:ball bearings
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
825:
820:
815:
808:Creeping flow
807:
805:
802:
798:
793:
785:
783:
781:
777:
768:
761:
759:
755:
753:
749:
744:
742:
741:Royal Society
738:
733:
731:
727:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
643:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Royal Society
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:mathematician
542:
517:
512:
503:
499:
495:
490:
485:
481:
477:
473:
470:
469:Joseph Larmor
467:
461:
458:
455:
449:
443:
438:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
411:
410:Lord Rayleigh
408:
404:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
376:
372:
369:
365:
361:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
321:Rumford Medal
319:
316:
313:
310:
309:Smith's Prize
307:
306:
304:
300:
294:
293:Stokes (unit)
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Stokes number
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
185:
181:
178:
175:
173:Resting place
171:
167:
158:
154:
150:
146:
134:
130:
125:
121:
118:
115:
109:
106:
103:
97:
91:
86:
83:
78:
74:
61:
56:
51:
47:
41:George Stokes
38:
33:
30:
19:
5567:Pierre Curie
5520:foot-lambert
5465:
5291:Nikola Tesla
5241:Isaac Newton
5211:Joseph Henry
5074:Adrian Smith
5034:21st century
4855:20th century
4827:
4732:Humphry Davy
4716:19th century
4705:Joseph Banks
4697:John Pringle
4689:James Burrow
4673:James Burrow
4633:Isaac Newton
4625:18th century
4574:Samuel Pepys
4558:John Hoskyns
4526:17th century
4421:
4374:Isaac Milner
4334:Isaac Newton
4326:Isaac Barrow
4214:
3879:Richard Owen
3815:
3782:
3755:
3748:
3744:New creation
3743:
3709:
3693:
3659:
3639:
3603:
3583:
3542:
3529:
3497:
3493:
3477:
3456:(1): 23–42,
3453:
3449:
3438:
3432:
3415:
3398:
3362:
3347:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3307:
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3285:
3276:
3258:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3233:
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3207:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3117:
3110:
3100:
3093:
3081:. Retrieved
3077:the original
3067:
3046:
3019:
3015:
3005:
2992:
2982:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2919:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2861:
2857:
2825:
2821:
2808:
2804:
2791:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2608:
2598:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2556:
2546:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2494:
2490:
2458:
2454:
2437:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2395:
2385:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2193:
2183:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2156:
2139:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1988:
1978:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1910:
1900:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1761:
1752:
1728:
1719:
1696:
1690:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1623:
1614:
1608:
1575:
1559:
1543:
1527:
1511:
1504:
1501:Publications
1482:, a unit of
1455:
1436:In 1891, as
1384:Copley Medal
1336:
1327:
1325:
1293:
1289:County Sligo
1262:
1251:
1219:
1202:
1198:spectroscopy
1189:
1165:
1153:spectroscopy
1150:
1136:
1094:
1066:
1050:transparency
1039:
1027:
1019:Iceland spar
1000:
989:Polarization
971:Stokes shift
955:fluorescence
948:
937:Fluorescence
920:
916:polarisation
909:
894:
874:
867:
848:
829:
789:
780:Rede Lecture
773:
756:
745:
734:
718:
701:
678:
662:County Sligo
647:
630:Conservative
618:Copley Medal
607:
583:fluorescence
579:polarisation
555:County Sligo
510:
509:
464:Succeeded by
441:
388:Institutions
367:
353:Copley Medal
326:
258:Stokes shift
161:(1903-02-01)
149:County Sligo
112:Succeeded by
89:
69: 1860s
29:
5695:1903 deaths
5690:1819 births
5607:John Napier
5577:John Dalton
5557:Marie Curie
5356:Peter Debye
5140:Lord Kelvin
4951:Lord Adrian
4836:Lord Kelvin
4641:Hans Sloane
4614:Lord Somers
4566:Cyril Wyche
4414:Joshua King
4358:John Colson
4143:Carl Ludwig
3868:(1851–1900)
3664:1803–2005:
3431:"Review of
2864:(15): 1–28.
2532:: 304–318.
2421:: 599–619.
2371:: 545–556.
2340:: 393–403.
2309:: 399–416.
2230:Stokes line
2084:: 227–242.
1964:: 447–463.
1590:Stokes flow
1530:(1880-1905)
1172:Lord Kelvin
1162:Lord Kelvin
1073:astigmatism
1069:Stokes lens
975:Stokes line
923:George Airy
912:diffraction
836:Stokes' law
826:and forces.
824:streamlines
814:Stokes' law
752:Lord Kelvin
730:Lord Kelvin
666:evangelical
603:haemoglobin
457:Joshua King
452:Preceded by
414:Horace Lamb
378:Mathematics
288:Stokes wave
248:Stokes' law
117:Lord Kelvin
100:Preceded by
5684:Categories
5510:Fahrenheit
5311:James Watt
4681:James West
4515:Presidents
4438:Paul Dirac
3821:1902–1903
3789:1885–1890
3758:1889–1903
3718:from 1891
3528:PR Lewis,
2976:: 707–735.
2913:: 672–695.
2890:: 194–219.
2811:: 215–216.
2699:: 215–238.
2282:: 185–213.
2260:: 463–562.
2186:: 595–600.
1894:: 287–319.
1871:: 105–137.
1848:: 439–453.
1617:: 171–186.
1601:References
1139:after the
1083:Other work
1071:to detect
1057:telescopes
1054:achromatic
1032:of blood.
1025:crystals.
1003:reflection
951:wavelength
851:viscometer
840:drag force
695:and first
553:. Born in
218:Alma mater
138:1819-08-13
5800:Viscosity
5497:customary
5251:Georg Ohm
5165:becquerel
5050:Lord Rees
4991:Lord Todd
3620:from the
3418:, (1987)
3308:The Times
2783:140690553
2674:245785084
2658:1094-4087
2098:110243475
1705:cite book
1674:1364-503X
1462:from the
1374:From the
1304:evolution
1300:Darwinian
1227:Cast iron
1186:Kirchhoff
1170:in 1871,
1143:of 1847.
1125:integrals
959:fluorspar
945:Fluorspar
863:glycerine
832:viscosity
797:pendulums
644:Biography
573:; and to
551:physicist
487:Signature
446:1849–1903
442:In office
432:13th
347:Baronetcy
231:Known for
168:, England
166:Cambridge
151:, Ireland
94:1885–1890
90:In office
80:35th
5631:roentgen
5508:(degree
5491:Imperial
5350:angstrom
5173:(degree
5042:Lord May
3618:volume 2
3614:volume 1
3522:17907426
3291:10 April
3266:Archived
3239:10 April
3214:10 April
3178:32507092
3054:(1880).
2666:35299337
2609:Ento Key
2475:39108151
2284: ;
1939:Sections
1682:32507089
1584:See also
1445:Prussian
1410:Aberdeen
1101:crystals
927:rainbows
905:spectrum
883:unit of
209:Children
64:Stokes,
5641:thomson
5591:faraday
5450:oersted
5440:maxwell
5430:langley
5420:lambert
5400:gilbert
5339:) units
5285:sievert
5275:siemens
5185:coulomb
5175:Celsius
4517:of the
3750:Baronet
3713:to 1891
3661:Hansard
3653:at the
3567:at the
3502:Bibcode
3458:Bibcode
3388::
3156:Bibcode
3083:8 April
3024:Bibcode
2830:Bibcode
2763:Bibcode
2724:Bibcode
2636:Bibcode
2311:Bibcode
2232:" and "
2144:Bibcode
2123:: 1–62.
1993:Bibcode
1915:Bibcode
1654:Bibcode
1438:Gifford
1420:Baronet
1239:bending
1235:tension
1231:brittle
1177:Glasgow
1117:gravity
1042:organic
1023:calcite
897:optical
879:", the
685:Bristol
624:in the
610:baronet
382:Physics
203:
195:
191:
5581:dalton
5470:stokes
5410:kayser
5370:eotvos
5265:pascal
5245:newton
5144:kelvin
5134:ampere
5076:(2020)
5068:(2015)
5060:(2010)
5052:(2005)
5044:(2000)
5025:(1995)
5017:(1990)
5009:(1985)
5001:(1980)
4993:(1975)
4985:(1970)
4977:(1965)
4969:(1960)
4961:(1955)
4953:(1950)
4945:(1945)
4937:(1940)
4929:(1935)
4921:(1930)
4913:(1925)
4905:(1920)
4897:(1915)
4889:(1913)
4881:(1908)
4873:(1905)
4865:(1900)
4846:(1895)
4838:(1890)
4830:(1885)
4822:(1883)
4814:(1878)
4806:(1873)
4798:(1871)
4790:(1861)
4782:(1858)
4774:(1854)
4766:(1848)
4758:(1838)
4750:(1830)
4742:(1827)
4734:(1820)
4726:(1820)
4707:(1778)
4699:(1772)
4691:(1772)
4683:(1768)
4675:(1768)
4667:(1764)
4659:(1752)
4651:(1741)
4643:(1727)
4635:(1703)
4616:(1698)
4608:(1695)
4600:(1690)
4592:(1689)
4584:(1686)
4576:(1684)
4568:(1683)
4560:(1682)
4552:(1680)
4544:(1677)
4536:(1662)
4473:(2015)
4465:(2009)
4457:(1979)
4449:(1969)
4441:(1932)
4433:(1903)
4425:(1849)
4417:(1839)
4409:(1828)
4401:(1826)
4393:(1822)
4385:(1820)
4377:(1798)
4369:(1760)
4361:(1739)
4353:(1711)
4345:(1702)
4337:(1669)
4329:(1664)
4273:(1900)
4265:(1899)
4257:(1898)
4249:(1897)
4241:(1896)
4233:(1895)
4225:(1894)
4217:(1893)
4209:(1892)
4201:(1891)
4193:(1890)
4185:(1889)
4177:(1888)
4169:(1887)
4161:(1886)
4153:(1885)
4145:(1884)
4137:(1883)
4129:(1882)
4121:(1881)
4113:(1880)
4105:(1879)
4097:(1878)
4089:(1877)
4081:(1876)
4073:(1875)
4065:(1874)
4057:(1873)
4049:(1872)
4041:(1871)
4033:(1870)
4025:(1869)
4017:(1868)
4009:(1867)
4001:(1866)
3993:(1865)
3985:(1864)
3977:(1863)
3969:(1862)
3961:(1861)
3953:(1860)
3945:(1859)
3937:(1858)
3929:(1857)
3921:(1856)
3913:(1855)
3905:(1854)
3897:(1853)
3889:(1852)
3881:(1851)
3708:With:
3551:
3536:
3520:
3485:
3422:
3382:
3176:
3125:
3016:Nature
2822:Nature
2781:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2473:
2096:
1680:
1672:
1578:(1880)
1562:(1880)
1546:(1880)
1480:stokes
1391:Exeter
1281:Skreen
1109:x-rays
877:stokes
792:fluids
715:Career
681:Dublin
658:Skreen
654:rector
634:Master
374:Fields
355:(1893)
349:(1889)
343:(1886)
337:(1883)
331:(1879)
323:(1852)
317:(1851)
311:(1841)
302:Awards
183:Spouse
145:Skreen
5611:neper
5601:Mache
5571:curie
5561:curie
5499:units
5460:poise
5390:gauss
5360:debye
5325:weber
5295:tesla
5235:joule
5225:hertz
5215:henry
5195:farad
3783:35th
3518:S2CID
3441:: 73.
3059:(PDF)
2795:See:
2779:S2CID
2670:S2CID
2471:S2CID
2197:See:
2160:See:
2094:S2CID
1341:, at
891:Light
589:" in
197:(
193:
48:
5651:torr
5493:and
5480:rayl
5315:watt
5305:volt
5205:gray
3705:1892
3701:1887
3616:and
3549:ISBN
3534:ISBN
3483:ISBN
3420:ISBN
3293:2024
3241:2024
3216:2024
3174:PMID
3123:ISBN
3085:2008
2662:PMID
2654:ISSN
1711:link
1678:PMID
1670:ISSN
1478:The
1127:and
961:and
870:hail
750:and
581:and
549:and
156:Died
132:Born
5551:bel
5380:gal
5337:cgs
5255:ohm
3510:doi
3466:doi
3397:".
3164:doi
3152:378
3032:doi
2838:doi
2771:doi
2732:doi
2644:doi
2584:doi
2534:doi
2499:doi
2463:doi
2423:doi
2419:152
2373:doi
2342:doi
2258:142
2086:doi
2082:138
2032:doi
1966:doi
1962:158
1662:doi
1650:378
1310:on
1287:in
1237:or
1233:in
1229:is
1099:in
881:CGS
660:in
656:of
636:of
616:'s
516:FRS
315:FRS
50:PRS
37:Sir
5686::
5669:·
5665:·
5495:US
3703:–
3588:,
3582:,
3578:,
3516:.
3508:.
3498:29
3496:.
3464:,
3454:37
3452:,
3437:.
3284:.
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1788:18
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1703:{{
1676:.
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