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1140:, Monash was "the only general of creative originality produced by the First World War." Monash's impact on Australian military thinking was significant in three areas. First, he was the first Australian to fully command Australian forces and he took, as following Australian commanders did, a relatively independent line with his British superiors. Second, he promoted the concept of the commander's duty to ensure the safety and well-being of his troops to a pre-eminent position in a philosophy of "collective individualism". And finally, he, along with staff officer
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purchased two houses, a large one in Yarra St
Hawthorn, and a smaller one in Clifton St Richmond, residing in the smaller one and renting out the larger one. The young John was sent to St Stephen's School on Docker's Hill in Richmond, and he was remembered as a bright and alert schoolboy with a special interest in English, some skill in drawing, a keen sense of fun, and no interest whatsoever in organised sport. At home his mother taught him piano, and encouraged him to read to her in English, French and German. The family spoke German as their
877:, British III Corps under Butler and British Cavalry Corps under Kavanagh), attacked the Germans. The Australian Corps sprearheaded the allied attack. Monash gave them, as a key objective in the first phase, the capture of enemy artillery, in order to minimize the potential harm to the attacking forces. The battle was a strong, significant victory for the Allies, the first decisive win for the British Army of the war, causing the Germans to recognise that for them the War was lost. The defeated German leader, General
924:. Of the battle of Mt St Quentin and the subsequent taking of the town of Peronne, Charles Bean was to write in the Official History that 'the dash, intelligence, and persistence of the troops dealt a stunning blow to five German divisions, drove the enemy from one of its key positions in France, and took 2,600 prisoners at a cost of slightly over 3,000 casualties.' Monash had 208,000 men under his command, including 50,000 inexperienced Americans. Monash planned the attack on the German defences in the
1144:, forcefully demonstrated the benefit of thorough planning and integration of all arms of the forces available, and of all of the components supporting the front line forces, including logistical, medical and recreational services. Troops later recounted that one of the most extraordinary things about the Battle of Hamel was not the use of armoured tanks, nor the tremendous success of the operation, but the fact that in the midst of battle Monash had arranged delivery of hot meals up to the front line.
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705:. In November, the 4th Brigade returned to Gallipoli, occupying a "quiet sector" around Bauchop's Hill. Monash used his engineering knowledge to improve his brigade's position to withstand the winter, and he worked to improve the conditions that his troops would have to endure, but in mid-December the order to evacuate the peninsula came.
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mountainous terrain defeated them. Elsewhere, the offensive also stalled, resulting in disaster for the last co-ordinated effort to defeat the
Turkish forces on the Gallipoli Peninsula. By mid-August, Monash's brigade was down to just 1,400 men out of the 3,350 it had begun the campaign with. On 21 August, Monash led them in an attack on
44:
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his juniors had strictly to adhere." Later, in a long diary-letter sent home by Monash and known by him to be illegal in Army terms, Monash implied that he was "one of the very last off
Gallipoli" whereas "he had left for the beach nearly five hours before the last. It was a clumsy deception as so many people knew the facts."
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Bean later wrote of his own 'high intentioned but ill-judged intervention' and that 'those who took action (relating to Monash's appointment) did so as I afterwards realised, without adequate appreciation of Monash, who, though his reputation as a front line soldier had been poor, was never the less
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On 8 April 1891, Monash married Hannah
Victoria Moss (1871–1920), and their only child, Bertha, was born in 1893. Monash had previously engaged in an affair with Annie Gabriel, the wife of one of his colleagues, which ended as an active matter after his conscious choice of 'Vic' for marriage (though
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and aeroplanes; to advance with as little impediment as possible; to be relieved as far as possible of the obligation to fight their way forward; to march, resolutely, regardless of the din and tumult of battle, to the appointed goal; and there to hold and defend the territory gained; and to gather
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By the end of the war, Monash had acquired an outstanding reputation for intellect, personal magnetism, management and ingenuity. He also won the respect and loyalty of his troops: his motto was "Feed your troops on victory". Monash was regarded with great respect by the
British – a British captain
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Bean had reservations about Monash's 'ideals'. and was said to have a general prejudice against Monash's
Prussian Jewish background. According to Kelly, Bean's core motivation at that time was that Brudenell White's appointment was in the best interest of the AIF, and that it would be a big mistake
469:. As might have been expected from a man brought up by cultivated German parents who had arrived in Australia barely two years before John's birth, Monash spoke, read, and wrote German fluently. However, from 1914 until his death, he had no good reason to attract attention to his German background.
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Monash's time on
Gallipoli and his departure from it were not, however, without controversy for reasons unrelated to the fighting. While on Gallipoli he "wrote very freely to his wife revealing much current information" and "opened himself to the criticism that he would not keep the rules by which
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in 1884, and he became a lieutenant in the North
Melbourne battery on 5 April 1887. He was promoted to captain in 1895 and in April 1897 was promoted to major and given command of the battery. On 7 March 1908, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in the intelligence corps. He was given command of
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In
October 1918, towards the end of the war, Australian War Historian, Charles Bean, had urged Prime Minister William Hughes to cause a plan of repatriation to be drawn up by the AIF and to put Monash in charge of it. Soon after the cessation of hostilities in November 1918, Hughes requested that
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during his raid there in 1879. Monash attended the state school and his intelligence was recognised. The family was advised to move back to
Melbourne to let John reach his full potential, which they did in 1877. Although his parents had largely abandoned religious practice, Monash celebrated his
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was the first Australian to command a division and become a corps commander, being promoted to lieutenant general a year before Monash. James added: "I have yet to meet or even hear of who supports the Monash promotion proposal". Three days after James' comments the Australian Prime Minister,
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in recognition of his long and distinguished service with the Australian military forces on Armistice Day 11 November 1929. On 14 April 2018, Neil James, Executive Director of the Australian Defence Association, suggested that posthumously promoting Monash was unnecessary and "would demean his
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and pronounced with the emphasis on the second syllable. The young family soon relocated from Dudley St to larger premises on the nearby Victoria Parade, before moving to a third rental property in Church St Richmond. In 1873 Bertha received a large inheritance from her mother, with which she
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Following on the outstanding contribution of Sir John Monash to state and nation before, during and after World War I and reflecting the fact that Sir John Monash received no Australian awards or honours post 11 November 1918, the Prime Minister approve by government gazette publication the
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that was launched by the Allies to break the deadlock on the peninsula, Monash's brigade was to conduct a "left hook" to the capture of Hill 971, the highest point on the Sari Bair range. On the evening of 6/7 August, the brigade launched its attack, but poor maps, heavy resistance and the
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noted that Monash was more effective the higher he rose within the Army. His depth of knowledge not only of military matters, but also of engineering and business, ensured that his operational plans were the product of meticulous preparation and thorough and rigorous scrutiny.
1156:). Monash's success in part reflected the tolerance of Australian society, but to a larger degree his success – in the harshest experience the young nation had suffered – shaped that tolerance and demonstrated to Australians that the Australian character was diverse,
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Monash died in Melbourne on 8 October 1931 from a heart attack, and he was given a state funeral. An estimated 300,000 mourners, the nation's largest funeral crowd to that time, came to pay their respects. After a Jewish service, and a 17-gun salute, he was buried in
444:. His birth certificate records his date of birth as 23 June 1865, however this is probably a mistake as he was almost certainly born on June 27. He was the first child of Louis Monash and his wife Bertha, née Manasse, who had arrived in Melbourne on the
948:'s 8th Division described Monash as "a great bullock of a man... though his manners were pleasant and his behaviour far from rough, I have seen few men who gave me such a sensation of force... a fit leader for the wild men he commanded". Field Marshal
1115:. Monash was honoured with numerous awards and decorations from universities and foreign governments. According to his biographer Geoffrey Serle: "n the 1920s Monash was broadly accepted, not just in Victoria, as the greatest living Australian".
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to have command of the Australian Corps were Australia's Official War Correspondent and later Official Historian, Charles Bean, and journalist Keith Murdoch, although historian Justin Chadwick has written that Bean was one of many of that view.
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to the British Fifth Army. Historian Burness noted that Bean did recognise Monash's ability and was not concerned that he should be promoted, but he considered Brudenell White was better fitted to command the fighting corps. In this climate
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When the First World War broke out in August 1914, Monash became a full-time army officer, accepting an appointment as the chief censor in Australia. Monash did not enjoy the job, and was keen for a field command. In September, after the
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881:, described it in the following words: "August 8th was the black day of the German Army in the history of the war". These operations were just a start of a broad Allied offensive across the Western Front. On 12 August 1918, at
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posthumous promotion of one step in rank of General Sir John Monash to the rank of Australian field marshal, with effect 11 November 1930, one year after Sir John Monash was eventually promoted to the rank of general.
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in July, although the news was marred by spiteful rumours that were passed in Cairo, Melbourne and London about him being a "German spy". His promotion was gazetted in September, with effect from 15 September 1914.
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1164:, as recounted by Monash's biographer, Geoffrey Serle, Monash's "presence and prestige...made anti-Semitism...impossible in Australia". He is also honoured in a Cantata for chorus, soloists and orchestra called
987:. The Australian Government honoured Monash with promotion to the full rank of general explicitly "in recognition of his long and distinguished service with the Australian military forces" on 11 November 1929.
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which was published in 1920. "It was propaganda, but not far off the truth." and "(it) laid the groundwork for the popular narrative of 'Monash- the-war-winner.'" Monash was, nevertheless, a noted advocate of
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1341:. According to Fischer, Monash was denied promotion during his life due to discrimination, including as a result of his German-Jewish ancestry and his status as a reservist rather than professional soldier.
1600:
Cecil Edwards "John Monash" (State Electricity Commission of Victoria, 1970), page 3. In the 1970s the house was offices of a brewing company; since the 1980s, the house has been a brothel called "The Main
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Monash return to London to take up the appointment as Director-General of Repatriation and Demobilisation, heading a newly-created department to carry out the repatriation of Australian troops from Europe.
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Following the withdrawal from Gallipoli, Monash returned to Egypt where the AIF underwent a period of reorganisation and expansion. This process resulted in the 4th Brigade being split and providing a
1123:. In a final sign of humility, despite his achievements, honours and titles, he instructed that his tombstone simply bear the words "John Monash". He was survived by his daughter, Bertha (1893–1979).
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1056:, and other bloody fields)—but on the contrary, to advance under the maximum possible protection of the maximum possible array of mechanical resources, in the form of guns, machine-guns, tanks,
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to Australian engineering practice. He initially worked for private contractors on bridge and railway construction, and as their advocate in contract arbitrations. Following a period with the
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862:, commanded the 4th Australian Division, supported by the British 5th Tank Brigade, along with a detachment of American troops, to win a small but operationally significant victory for the
680:, and the valley behind this line became known as "Monash Valley". There he made a name for himself with his independent decision-making and his organisational ability. He was promoted to
3149:
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He returned to Australia on 26 December 1919 to an enthusiastic welcome. Monash was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 1 January 1920 and returned to the reserves.
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2839:
Stobo, R. M. 'Feed the Troops on Victory': A Study Of the Australian Corps and its Operations during August and September 1918', University of New South Wales, Canberra, 2020. p. 157
626:. His appointment was met with some protest within the military, in part due to his German and Jewish ancestry, but Monash was supported by numerous high-ranking officers, including
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Shortly after his return, on 27 February 1920, Monash's wife, Vic, died of cervical cancer. Later, Monash worked in prominent civilian positions, the most notable being head of the
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Ludendorff's Own Story: August 1914 – November 1918; the Great War from the Siege of Liège to the Signing of the Armistice as Viewed from the Grand Headquarters of the German Army
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Dexter: An Infantryman of the Australian Expeditionary Force supporting with his exterior hand a Rifle Sinister: An Artilleryman of the Australian Expeditionary Force all proper.
843:, prepared to replace Monash – but, after consulting with senior officers, and after seeing the superb power of planning and execution displayed by Monash, he changed his mind.
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764:, with some successes, but with the usual heavy casualties. The British High Command was impressed by Monash and according to biographer Geoffery Serle, while dining with
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was launched. Allied troops under the command of Haig, predominantly Rawlinson's British 4th Army (consisting of the Australian Corps under Monash, Canadian Corps under
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For his services during the war, and in addition to his creation as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, Monash was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the
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1111:. He was one of the principal organisers of the annual observance of ANZAC Day and oversaw the planning for Melbourne's monumental war memorial, the
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record." James also wrote that the campaign to do so highlighted the problem of "emotive mythology about our military history." He pointed out that
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In fact, Monash was recognised after November 1918 by the Australian Government, and was promoted to the full rank of general by the Prime Minister
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676:. Assigned the role of divisional reserve, Monash came ashore early on 26 April. The brigade initially defended the line between Pope's Hill and
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and industrial chemist John Gibson to form the Reinforced Concrete & Monier Pipe Construction Co, and in 1906 with them and businessmen from
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752:. He trained the division in England with attention to detail, and after the division was sent to the Western Front in November 1916, including
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778:, the 3rd Division was deployed to undertake defensive operations around Amiens. Throughout April and May, the division undertook several
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728:. On 25 April 1916, the first anniversary of the landing at Gallipoli, while at Tel-el-Kebir, Monash and his men solemnly observed
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2592:
Chadwick, Justin, Sword and Baton: Senior Australian Army Officers from Federation to 2001. Big Sky Publishing, NSW, 2017, p. 470.
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Azure a Fess between in chief five Mullets of eight points three and two and in base a Sword within two branches of Laurel all Or.
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Monash's division spent the winter of 1917–1918 around Ploegsteert. Early the following year, after the Germans launched their
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from 1923 until his death eight years later. Monash was a founding member of the Rotary Club of Melbourne, Australia's first
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1321:. Monash would be the fourth person, and only second Australian-born person, to hold this rank. The movement was led by
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1040:... the true role of infantry was not to expend itself upon heroic physical effort, not to wither away under merciless
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732:. Monash distributed red ribbons to soldiers present at the first landing and blue ribbons to those who came later.
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Council unanimously adopted the "Jerilderie Proposition", calling on the Australian Government to promote Monash:
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556:, to form the S. A. Reinforced Concrete Co. He took a leading part in his profession and became president of the
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1204:, a teaching hospital in Melbourne (and location of his bust, which was originally located in former SECV town
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on 1 January 1919. He also received numerous foreign honours – the French appointed him a Grand Officer of the
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Monash's promotion was not without contention. Among those who considered and advocated for Major General
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In recognition of his enduring influence, Monash's face is on Australia's highest value currency note (
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as consultants and contractors. When the partnership was dissolved in 1905 he joined with the builder
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At the Battle of Hamel on 4 July 1918, Monash, with the support of the British 4th Army commander
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794:'s 13th Brigade, and Harold Elliott's 15th Brigade, were both heavily involved in the operation.
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3219:"Posthumously promoting Sir John Monash to field marshal is invalid, ahistoric and unnnecessary"
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later wrote: "I would name Sir John Monash as the best general on the western front in Europe".
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Monash and Chauvel: How Australia's Two Greatest Generals Changed the Course of World History
508:, where he passed the matriculation examination when only 14 years of age. At age 16, he was
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Kelly, Paul "Charles Bean; Man of his time and for all time". The Australian. (23 May 2018).
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The Australians then achieved under Monash a series of victories against the Germans at
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on 25 April 1918 after the Germans had overrun the 8th British Division under General
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Since 2013, there has been a movement to posthumously promote Monash to the rank of
724:. After a period of training, Monash's brigade undertook defensive duties along the
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3242:"Turnbull government decides against posthumous promotion for war hero John Monash"
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he was "the only general of creative originality produced by the First World War".
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645:, sailed in October, the 4th Brigade remained behind. Training was undertaken at
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General Monash Branch – Royal Canadian Legion (Branch #115) Winnipeg, Mb, Canada
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and a blend of the traditions of the "bush" and the "city". According to author
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818:, at the time the largest individual corps on the Western Front, was confirmed.
748:. On 10 July, Monash was promoted to major general and placed in command of the
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Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Connor, John (1995),
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2815:"Monash, John | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)"
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1371:, announced that Monash would not be promoted posthumously to field marshal.
1220:, annually awarded to outstanding Australians for postgraduate study overseas
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before the war and then, shortly after its outbreak, became commander of the
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between 16 September and 5 October 1918. The Allies eventually breached the
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2940:"They Shall Grow Not Old: A Who's Who of Brighton Cemetery (Armed Forces)"
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Two Men I Knew: William Bridges and Brudenell White Founders of the A.I.F.
1048:, nor to tear itself to pieces in hostile entanglements—(I am thinking of
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Burness, Peter 'Notes from the Western Front', Wartime, Issue 84, p. 63.)
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3475:, Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications,
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Sword and Baton: Senior Australian Army Officers from Federation to 2001
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Sword and Baton: Senior Australian Army Officers from Federation to 2001
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Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Sword and Baton Senior Australian Army Officers from Federation to 2001
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701:, Monash took leave in Egypt, where he learned of his appointment as a
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3207:
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, 14 November 1929 (No.105), p. 2331.
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Graves of Hannah Victoria and John Monash at Brighton General Cemetery
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Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
3119:"Indi voice behind Jerilderie Proposition to promote Sir John Monash"
1956:"Military Forces of the Commonwealth – Appointments, Promotions, etc"
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in 1923 to organise "special constables" to restore order during the
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668:. After a period of training, in April, the brigade took part in the
484:, where his father ran a store. Monash later claimed to have met the
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2996:
Peace – A Cantata for John Monash, first performed in September 2017
2169:, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1982, 2002 edition, p. 247.
2156:, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1982, 2002 edition, p. 209.
1333:, and supported by other Australian Members of Parliament including
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1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
3150:"John Monash should be promoted to Field Marshal, says Tim Fischer"
1198:, a Federal electoral division covering part of Gippsland, Victoria
771:, Monash was informed that Haig "wanted him as a corps commander".
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A demi Lion Gules holding between the paws a pair of compasses Or.
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Bean diary, entry 2 June 1918, AWM38, 3DRL 606/ 113/1 opp. p. 53.
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in the form of prisoners, guns and stores, the fruits of victory.
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Bean diary, entry 13 October 1918, AWM38, 3DRL 606/117/1, p. 54.
2472:, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, (1957), pp. 170–171 and footnote.
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operations. Monash later described the recapture of the town of
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congratulating Lieutenant General Sir John Monash, August 1918.
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communication continued many years afterwards). He worked as a
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in northwestern France and in May 1918 became commander of the
3076:"Monash's Western Front feats make him a worthy field marshal"
2795:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
2483:"The Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910–1954) – 11 Oct 1931 – p. 13"
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by 5 October, and the war was essentially over. On 5 October,
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460:(now Krotoszyn, Poland); the family name was originally spelt
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Defenders of Australia: The 3rd Australian Division 1916–1991
3050:"'We must remember': PM opens $ 100m Monash centre in France"
2397:
Bean diary, entry 18 June 1918, AWM38, 3DRL 606/115/1, p. 56.
2385:
Bean diary, entry 12 June 1918, AWM38, 3DRL 606/114/1. p. 93.
1080:(SECV) from October 1920. He was also vice-chancellor of the
936:, on behalf of the German Government, asked for an immediate
740:
In June 1916, Monash and his command were transferred to the
2204:"Australian Imperial Forces – Appointments, Promotions, etc"
1226:, a specialist science secondary school in Clayton, Victoria
2446:
Bean. Official History. Vol II, The Story of Anzac, p. 588.
1462:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
262:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
3764:
Australian War Memorial, digitized records for John Monash
3578:
Well May We Say... : The Speeches That Made Australia
2616:, address to the Beefsteak Club, Melbourne, 30 March 1926.
372:
363:
3676:"Monash, Sir John KCMG KCB, (General, b. 1865 – d. 1931)"
3627:
Maestro John Monash: Australia's Greatest Citizen General
2863:"Australian Military Forces – Promotions, Transfers, etc"
1392:
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
1331:
Maestro John Monash: Australia's Greatest Citizen General
369:
653:
in January 1915, Monash's brigade established itself at
4442:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
1546:(1st supplement). 19 August 1919. pp. 10607–10608.
1380:
Coat of arms of General Sir John Monash, GCMG, KCB, VD
649:, before embarking in December 1914. After arriving in
2904:. Journal of the Australian Jewish Historical Society.
2410:, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1982, p. 298.
4417:
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
4302:
602:
was formed, he was appointed as the commander of the
366:
4437:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
3289:"Framed coat of arms : General Sir John Monash"
2324:"NAA: B2455, Monash Sir John, pp. 3 & 29 of 101"
971:, the Belgians appointed him a Grand Officer of the
830:
for White to leave the Australian Corps and go with
641:
When the first contingent of Australian troops, the
3316:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
2779:, Big Sky Publishing Pty. Ltd. Sydney 2017, p. 471.
885:, Monash was knighted as a Knight Commander of the
380:; 27 June 1865 – 8 October 1931) was an Australian
360:
357:
305:
257:
190:
164:
154:
144:
136:
124:
116:
103:
86:
59:
34:
4397:Grand Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
3734:"First World War Service Record – Sir John Monash"
2687:(Supplement). 28 January 1919. pp. 1445–1445.
2509:"Battle of Hamel still considered 'turning point'"
1982:"First World War Service Record – Sir John Monash"
1930:"Military Forces of the Commonwealth – Promotions"
1743:
1103:He was called upon by the Victorian Government of
855:a much greater man than most of us then thought.'
576:in 1912, and was promoted colonel on 1 July 1913.
400:. In July 1916 he took charge of the newly raised
3605:The Australians in Nine Wars: Waikato to Long Tan
3561:, Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press,
3416:, Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press,
2789:Serle, Geoffrey. "Monash, Sir John (1865–1931)".
3318:, Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press,
4447:Vice-chancellors of the University of Melbourne
3518:, North Sydney, New South Wales: Random House,
2979:
2977:
2803:– via Australian Dictionary of Biography.
2747:(Supplement). 12 July 1919. pp. 8937–8938.
2707:(Supplement). 21 July 1919. pp. 9219–9221.
2086:. No. 111. 18 September 1915. p. 2338
1852:John Monash—Engineering enterprise prior to WW1
1038:
472:In 1874, the family moved to the small town of
2869:. No. 102. 18 November 1920. p. 2177
2757:Sydney Morning Herald, 12 November 1929, p. 11
2393:
2391:
2210:. No. 176. 30 November 1916. p. 3246
1011:In August 1919, while in London, Monash wrote
3904:
1962:. No. 62. 6 September 1913. p. 2609
500:and sang in its choir. He was educated under
8:
4427:People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne
4387:Australian military personnel of World War I
3729:Gravesite at Brighton General Cemetery (Vic)
2228:
1811:
1754:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
960:
567:Monash joined the university company of the
4472:Founders of Australian schools and colleges
4432:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
2667:(Supplement). 1 January 1919. p. 4200.
810:On 1 June 1918, the promotion of Monash to
544:, in 1894 he entered into partnership with
4382:Australian people of German-Jewish descent
3911:
3897:
3889:
3767:
3433:The Australian Victories in France in 1918
3338:, Melbourne, Victoria: Brolga Publishing,
2902:"Isaacs and Monash: The Jewish Connection"
2641:
2582:(Supplement). 28 December 1917. p. 1.
2556:
2263:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
1848:"Monash's Engineering Career prior to WW1"
1846:Alan Holgate; Geoff Taplin; Lesley Alves.
1664:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
1378:
1013:The Australian Victories in France in 1918
42:
31:
3098:"Promote Monash to field marshal says MP"
2727:(Supplement). 1 April 1919. p. 4200.
2255:"Glasgow, Sir Thomas William (1876–1955)"
2080:"Australian Imperial Forces – Promotions"
1936:. No. 15. 28 March 1908. p. 645
1532:
1530:
1456:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
1168:by composer/conductor Dr David Ian Kram.
536:, and played a major role in introducing
266:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
2983:
2645:
2560:
1799:
1099:Commemoration on Sir John Monash's Grave
1078:State Electricity Commission of Victoria
983:, and the United States awarded him the
396:in Egypt, with whom he took part in the
311:State Electricity Commission of Victoria
4309:
3690:Pegram, Aaron. (2019). "Monash, John",
3172:"Push grows to promote Sir John Monash"
3013:
2617:
2240:
1751:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1526:
1450:Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown
428:Portrait Monash aged 3, Melbourne, 1868
408:, at the time the largest corps on the
289:Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown
4402:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
2849:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1379:
1044:fire, not to impale itself on hostile
2968:
2926:
2914:
2887:
2601:
2544:
2532:
2310:
2190:
2178:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1787:
1711:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1468:Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour
790:as the turning-point of the war. Sir
716:of experienced personnel to form the
516:: a Master of Engineering in 1893; a
512:of the school. He graduated from the
440:Monash was born in 58 Dudley Street,
279:Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour
7:
4457:People from West Melbourne, Victoria
4407:Jewish Australian military personnel
4357:Burials at Brighton General Cemetery
2629:
1214:, a major urban freeway in Melbourne
3148:Nicholson, Brendan (29 July 2016).
1517:– charity match suggested by Monash
1313:Movement for posthumous recognition
977:Grand-Officier Ordre de la Couronne
659:New Zealand and Australian Division
27:Australian Army officer (1865–1931)
4462:People from the Colony of Victoria
3516:Monash: The Outsider Who Won A War
3496:, Milsons Point, New South Wales:
3494:Monash: The Outsider Who Won A War
3395:, Richmond, Victoria: Hutchinson,
2792:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2459:. NSW: Big Sky Publishing. p. 457.
2351:. NSW: Big Sky Publishing. p. 613.
2260:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1661:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1576:Dictionary of Australian Biography
1180:, a public research university in
703:Companion of the Order of the Bath
498:East Melbourne Hebrew Congregation
25:
4362:Military personnel from Melbourne
3782:Director General of Repatriation
3269:. The Australian Heraldry Society
3170:Grimson, Ken (13 November 2015).
2867:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
2819:encyclopedia.1914–1918-online.net
2366:www.firstworldwar.com – Who's Who
2208:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
2084:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1960:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1934:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1438:Order of St Michael and St George
1166:Peace – A Cantata for John Monash
957:Order of St Michael and St George
839:arrived at the front, before the
798:Commander of the Australian Corps
744:, being sent to the front around
593:Monash during the First World War
4324:
4312:
3712:
3240:Shields, Bevan (17 April 2018).
3221:. Australian Defence Association
3027:"Monash Country Club – About us"
2507:McLintock, Penny (4 July 2008).
1327:Australian Deputy Prime Minister
720:. It was also reassigned to the
558:Victorian Institute of Engineers
353:
4477:University and college founders
3747:National Library of Australia,
1494:First Australian Imperial Force
1136:According to British historian
1090:Zionist Federation of Australia
657:, where it was assigned to the
448:on 5 June 1864. He was born to
3755:Monash, John (Sir) (1865–1931)
3749:Trove, People and Organisation
3745:Monash, John (Sir) (1865–1931)
3738:National Archives of Australia
3048:Crowe, David (24 April 2018).
2328:National Archives of Australia
2265:Australian National University
1986:National Archives of Australia
1854:. Alan Holgate. Archived from
1745:"Monash, Sir John (1865–1931)"
1666:Australian National University
1656:"Monash, Sir John (1865–1931)"
1412:An open forward facing helmet.
562:Institution of Civil Engineers
384:and military commander of the
1:
3391:Hetherington, Mollie (1983),
3217:James, Neil (12 April 2018).
3074:Fischer, Tim (29 July 2016).
1189:, a local government area in
999:Statue of Sir John Monash in
926:Battle of the Hindenburg Line
762:First Battle of Passchendaele
638:, and his appointment stood.
228:First Battle of Passchendaele
49:
3694:. Freie Universität Berlin.
3631:Monash University Publishing
3534:Monash as Military Commander
3454:A Concise History of Warfare
3375:1918: A Very British Victory
1775:UK public library membership
1515:1916 Pioneer Exhibition Game
1265:horse race run each July at
1109:1923 Victorian Police strike
456:in the Prussian province of
4422:Melbourne Law School alumni
3837:General Officer Commanding
3809:General Officer Commanding
3727:Sir John Monash (1865–1931)
3159:– via The Australian.
3107:– via The Australian.
3085:– via The Australian.
1732:Cecil Edwards, op. cit. p.6
1474:Distinguished Service Medal
985:Distinguished Service Medal
299:Distinguished Service Medal
245:Battle of St. Quentin Canal
4493:
4372:Australian civil engineers
3538:Melbourne University Press
3198:, 12 November 1929, p. 11.
1910:. 12 April 1897. p. 5
1610:Cecil Ewards, op. cit. p.5
1571:"Monash, General Sir John"
1488:John Monash commanded the
1406:Mantling Argent and Azure.
1291:306 Monash Army Cadet Unit
1224:John Monash Science School
1036:. As he wrote in the book:
606:, which consisted of four
4367:Australian businesspeople
3927:
3877:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3845:
3835:
3830:
3817:
3807:
3798:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3607:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3377:, London: Phoenix Books,
3291:. Australian War Memorial
3246:The Sydney Morning Herald
3054:The Sydney Morning Herald
2455:Chadwick, Justin (2017).
2347:Chadwick, Justin (2017).
1884:. 6 April 1887. p. 7
1285:Sir John Monash Drive in
1121:Brighton General Cemetery
961:
846:In the Official History,
600:Australian Imperial Force
506:Scotch College, Melbourne
109:Brighton General Cemetery
41:
4467:Australian city founders
4392:Engineers from Melbourne
3559:John Monash: A Biography
3532:Pedersen, P. A. (1985),
3471:Palazzo, Albert (2002),
3352:Gilbert, Martin (2008),
2408:John Monash: A Biography
2167:John Monash: A Biography
2154:John Monash: A Biography
1329:and author of the book,
1287:Caulfield East, Victoria
1218:John Monash Scholarships
442:West Melbourne, Victoria
3871:University of Melbourne
3684:Australian War Memorial
3603:Firkins, Peter (1972).
3575:Warhaft, Sally (2004),
3514:Perry, Roland (2007) ,
3449:Montgomery, Bernard Law
1825:"Passions of a warrior"
1442:From left to right are
1271:Monash Country Club in
1082:University of Melbourne
750:Australian 3rd Division
514:University of Melbourne
317:University of Melbourne
274:Mentioned in Despatches
218:Battle of Passchendaele
3751:record for John Monash
3436:, London: Hutchinson,
3356:, London: Black Swan,
3332:Ferguson, Ian (2012),
1760:10.1093/ref:odnb/35060
1390:Knighted in 1918 as a
1355:
1295:Sir John Monash Centre
1259:Sir John Monash Stakes
1242:("Monash village") in
1100:
1073:
1063:
1052:and Stormy Trench and
1004:
979:) and awarded him the
905:
869:On 8 August 1918, the
807:
792:Thomas William Glasgow
647:Broadmeadows, Victoria
594:
542:Melbourne Harbor Trust
437:
429:
3760:28 April 2017 at the
3700:10.15463/ie1418.11379
3629:. Clayton, Victoria:
3536:, Carlton, Victoria:
3430:Monash, John (1920),
3196:Sydney Morning Herald
3096:AAP (26 April 2013).
3029:. Monash Country Club
3001:7 August 2017 at the
2362:"Sir Brudenell White"
2253:Harry, Ralph (1983).
1742:Bridge, Carl (2004).
1581:Angus & Robertson
1350:
1344:In October 2015, the
1202:Monash Medical Centre
1113:Shrine of Remembrance
1098:
1071:
998:
899:
883:Château de Bertangles
814:and commander of the
805:
592:
574:13th Infantry Brigade
526:Doctor of Engineering
435:
427:
390:13th Infantry Brigade
223:Battle of Broodseinde
184:13th Infantry Brigade
137:Years of service
111:, Victoria, Australia
99:, Victoria, Australia
3803:Sir William Birdwood
3721:at Wikimedia Commons
3581:, Melbourne: Black,
3176:The Daily Advertiser
1723:Cecil Edwards, ibid.
1267:Caulfield Racecourse
1018:the co-ordinated use
967:and awarded him the
780:peaceful penetration
604:4th Infantry Brigade
560:and a member of the
436:Monash as a teenager
270:Volunteer Decoration
179:4th Infantry Brigade
4377:Australian generals
3920:Australian generals
3850:Sir John Gellibrand
3821:Lieutenant General
3457:, London: Collins,
3129:on 14 November 2016
1790:, pp. 7–8, 193
1381:
1299:interpretive centre
934:Prinz Max von Baden
860:Sir Henry Rawlinson
538:reinforced concrete
452:parents, both from
388:. He commanded the
3790:Brigadier General
3740:. 23 October 2013.
3393:Famous Australians
2944:Defending Victoria
2929:, pp. 514–516
2775:Chadwick, Justin,
2744:The London Gazette
2724:The London Gazette
2704:The London Gazette
2684:The London Gazette
2664:The London Gazette
2579:The London Gazette
2181:, pp. 238–239
2143:, pp. 230–235
2045:, pp. 154–161
2033:, pp. 151–153
2009:, pp. 148–151
1858:on 10 October 2008
1827:. 10 November 2008
1543:The London Gazette
1303:Villers-Bretonneux
1196:Division of Monash
1101:
1074:
1005:
973:Order of the Crown
950:Bernard Montgomery
906:
812:lieutenant general
808:
784:Villers-Bretonneux
670:Gallipoli campaign
595:
502:Alexander Morrison
438:
430:
398:Gallipoli campaign
213:Battle of Messines
203:Gallipoli Campaign
77:Colony of Victoria
4300:
4299:
4262:Sinclair-MacLagan
3887:
3886:
3881:Sir James Barrett
3878:Succeeded by
3862:Preceded by
3857:Academic offices
3846:Succeeded by
3818:Succeeded by
3788:Succeeded by
3771:Military offices
3717:Media related to
3666:978-1-76029-143-3
3657:Allen & Unwin
3640:978-1-922235-59-6
3614:978-0-07-021065-3
3525:978-1-74166-847-6
3410:Ludendorff, Erich
3402:978-0-09-148280-0
3384:978-0-7538-2689-8
3363:978-0-552-77428-4
3354:Israel: A History
3345:978-1-922175-21-2
3335:Aussie War Heroes
3267:"Sir John MONASH"
2614:Leadership in War
2274:978-0-522-84459-7
2243:, pp. 37–41.
2229:Dennis et al 1995
2165:Serle, Geoffrey,
2152:Serle, Geoffrey,
1988:. 23 October 2013
1904:"News of the Day"
1812:Hetherington 1983
1773:(Subscription or
1675:978-0-522-84459-7
1506:
1505:
1178:Monash University
1092:and New Zealand.
887:Order of the Bath
875:Sir Arthur Currie
682:brigadier general
546:J. T. N. Anderson
323:
322:
16:(Redirected from
4484:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4257:Sinclair-Burgess
4147:Macarthur-Onslow
3913:
3906:
3899:
3890:
3825:
3823:Sir Talbot Hobbs
3811:Australian Corps
3799:Preceded by
3768:
3741:
3716:
3687:
3670:
3644:
3618:
3591:
3571:
3550:
3528:
3510:
3485:
3467:
3444:
3426:
3405:
3387:
3366:
3348:
3328:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3125:. Archived from
3123:Cathy McGowan MP
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2950:on 13 March 2019
2946:. Archived from
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2900:Apple, Raymond.
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2786:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2655:
2649:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2570:
2564:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2406:Serle, Geoffrey
2404:
2398:
2395:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1648:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1563:
1548:
1547:
1534:
1490:Australian Corps
1476:(United States).
1466:Neck badge of a
1460:Neck badge of a
1454:Neck badge of a
1448:Neck badge of a
1382:
1369:Malcolm Turnbull
1346:Jerilderie Shire
1297:, commemorative
1277:Northern Beaches
966:
965:
963:Légion d'honneur
944:on the staff of
879:Erich Ludendorff
871:Battle of Amiens
816:Australian Corps
776:Spring Offensive
769:Sir Douglas Haig
690:August offensive
666:Alexander Godley
522:Bachelor of Laws
518:Bachelor of Arts
406:Australian Corps
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
350:
345:
338:
315:Vice-Chancellor
240:Battle of Amiens
169:Australian Corps
126:
93:
69:
67:
54:
51:
46:
32:
21:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4301:
4296:
3937:Anderson, S. M.
3932:Anderson, R. M.
3923:
3917:
3883:
3874:
3867:Vice-Chancellor
3852:
3842:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3805:
3794:
3784:
3762:Wayback Machine
3732:
3709:
3680:Personal Papers
3673:
3667:
3647:
3641:
3621:
3615:
3602:
3599:
3597:Further reading
3594:
3589:
3574:
3569:
3555:Serle, Geoffrey
3553:
3548:
3531:
3526:
3513:
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3003:Wayback Machine
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2642:Montgomery 1972
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2612:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2557:Ludendorff 1971
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2160:
2151:
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2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1844:
1840:
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1823:
1822:
1818:
1810:
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1798:
1794:
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1782:
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1764:
1762:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1676:
1652:Serle, Geoffrey
1650:
1649:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1567:Serle, Percival
1565:
1564:
1551:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1524:
1511:
1498:First World War
1480:Croix de guerre
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1444:Croix de guerre
1441:
1377:
1335:Josh Frydenberg
1315:
1235:South Australia
1174:
1150:
1148:Cultural impact
1138:A. J. P. Taylor
1134:
1132:Military impact
1129:
993:
981:Croix de Guerre
969:Croix de Guerre
946:William Heneker
930:Hindenburg Line
914:Mont St Quentin
841:Battle of Hamel
823:Brudenell White
800:
788:William Heneker
738:
678:Courtney's Post
587:
582:
580:First World War
554:South Australia
524:in 1895, and a
482:New South Wales
467:native language
446:Empire of Peace
422:
414:A. J. P. Taylor
412:. According to
386:First World War
356:
352:
343:
336:
332:
329:Sir John Monash
314:
306:Other work
301:(United States)
297:
294:Croix de Guerre
292:
287:
284:Croix de Guerre
282:
277:
272:
268:
264:
253:
235:Battle of Hamel
198:First World War
182:
177:
172:
131:Australian Army
112:
95:
91:
71:
65:
63:
55:
52:
37:
36:Sir John Monash
28:
23:
22:
18:Sir John Monash
15:
12:
11:
5:
4490:
4488:
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4474:
4469:
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4459:
4454:
4449:
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4414:
4409:
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4399:
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4374:
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4364:
4359:
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4349:
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4334:
4333:
4321:
4298:
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4295:
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4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:Drake-Brockman
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3952:Bessell-Browne
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:of World War I
3918:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3848:Major General
3847:
3844:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3819:
3816:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3752:
3742:
3730:
3723:
3722:
3708:
3707:External links
3705:
3704:
3703:
3688:
3674:Monash, John.
3671:
3665:
3645:
3639:
3619:
3613:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3572:
3567:
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3329:
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3308:
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3280:
3258:
3232:
3209:
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3188:
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3140:
3110:
3088:
3066:
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3018:
3006:
2988:
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2907:
2892:
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2831:
2806:
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2768:
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2690:
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2650:
2634:
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2606:
2594:
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2565:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2499:
2474:
2461:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2399:
2387:
2378:
2353:
2340:
2315:
2313:, p. xiii
2303:
2273:
2245:
2233:
2231:, p. 405.
2221:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1973:
1947:
1921:
1895:
1878:"6 April 1887"
1869:
1838:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1704:
1674:
1612:
1603:
1593:
1549:
1525:
1523:
1522:Reference list
1520:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1486:
1483:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1388:
1376:
1373:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1269:
1256:
1246:
1237:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1212:Monash Freeway
1209:
1199:
1193:
1187:City of Monash
1184:
1173:
1170:
1162:Colin MacInnes
1149:
1146:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
992:
989:
806:Monash in 1918
799:
796:
737:
734:
586:
583:
581:
578:
550:David Mitchell
534:civil engineer
421:
418:
382:civil engineer
321:
320:
307:
303:
302:
259:
255:
254:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
237:
232:
231:
230:
225:
215:
205:
194:
192:
188:
187:
166:
162:
161:
158:
156:Service number
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
107:
105:
101:
100:
94:(aged 66)
90:8 October 1931
88:
84:
83:
81:British Empire
61:
57:
56:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4489:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4310:
4306:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3813:
3812:
3804:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3649:Perry, Roland
3646:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3588:1-86395-277-2
3584:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3568:0-522-84239-9
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:0-522-84267-4
3543:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3507:1-74051-364-9
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3490:Perry, Roland
3487:
3484:
3482:1-876439-03-3
3478:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3464:0-00-192149-5
3460:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:0-8369-5956-6
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:0-19-553227-9
3321:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3041:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3016:, p. 137
3015:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2984:Ferguson 2012
2980:
2978:
2974:
2971:, p. 518
2970:
2965:
2962:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2917:, p. 491
2916:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2890:, p. 471
2889:
2884:
2881:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2648:, p. 294
2647:
2646:Pedersen 1985
2643:
2638:
2635:
2632:, p. 257
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2604:, p. 443
2603:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2563:, p. 247
2562:
2561:Pedersen 1985
2558:
2553:
2550:
2547:, p. xii
2546:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2193:, p. 245
2192:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2131:, p. 222
2130:
2125:
2122:
2119:, p. 221
2118:
2113:
2110:
2107:, p. 209
2106:
2101:
2098:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2069:, p. xiv
2068:
2063:
2060:
2057:, p. 183
2056:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2021:, p. 151
2020:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1814:, p. 156
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:Pedersen 1985
1796:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
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1457:
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1432:
1430:Marte et Arte
1429:
1426:
1423:
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1414:
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1405:
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1399:
1396:
1393:
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1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1364:Harry Chauvel
1360:
1359:James Scullin
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1339:Cathy McGowan
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:field marshal
1312:
1307:
1304:
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1296:
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1142:Thomas Blamey
1139:
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1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1002:
1001:King's Domain
997:
991:After the war
990:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
964:
958:
953:
951:
947:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
898:
894:
892:
891:King George V
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
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852:
849:
844:
842:
838:
833:
827:
824:
819:
817:
813:
804:
797:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
767:
766:Field Marshal
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:Western Front
736:Western Front
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
706:
704:
700:
696:
691:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
663:Major General
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
591:
584:
579:
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547:
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419:
417:
415:
411:
410:Western Front
407:
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395:
391:
387:
383:
377:
349:
342:
335:
330:
327:
318:
312:
308:
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208:Western Front
206:
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98:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
62:
58:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
4186:
3865:
3839:3rd Division
3836:
3831:
3808:
3781:
3776:
3748:
3691:
3679:
3652:
3626:
3623:Fischer, Tim
3604:
3577:
3558:
3533:
3515:
3498:Random House
3493:
3472:
3453:
3432:
3413:
3392:
3374:
3353:
3334:
3315:
3293:. Retrieved
3283:
3271:. Retrieved
3261:
3249:. Retrieved
3245:
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3212:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3127:the original
3122:
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3053:
3043:
3031:. Retrieved
3021:
3014:Gilbert 2008
3009:
2991:
2964:
2952:. Retrieved
2948:the original
2943:
2934:
2922:
2910:
2895:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2866:
2857:
2852:, p. 96
2845:
2834:
2822:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2791:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2742:
2733:
2722:
2713:
2702:
2693:
2682:
2673:
2662:
2653:
2637:
2625:
2620:, p. 81
2618:Warhaft 2004
2613:
2609:
2597:
2588:
2577:
2568:
2552:
2540:
2535:, p. xv
2528:
2516:. Retrieved
2512:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2486:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2381:
2369:. Retrieved
2365:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2318:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2258:
2248:
2241:Palazzo 2002
2236:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2083:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1959:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1907:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1881:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1851:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1819:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1763:. Retrieved
1749:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1659:
1606:
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1574:
1541:
1356:
1351:
1343:
1330:
1316:
1165:
1158:multi-ethnic
1151:
1135:
1117:
1105:Harry Lawson
1102:
1075:
1064:
1039:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1003:, Melbourne.
976:
954:
942:
907:
868:
857:
853:
848:Charles Bean
845:
828:
820:
809:
773:
739:
722:4th Division
718:12th Brigade
711:
707:
687:
672:against the
643:1st Division
640:
636:Ian Hamilton
596:
566:
530:
471:
461:
445:
439:
402:3rd Division
328:
324:
191:Battles/wars
174:3rd Division
92:(1931-10-08)
70:27 June 1865
53: 1920s
29:
4352:1931 deaths
4347:1865 births
4207:Pethebridge
3832:New command
3777:New command
3719:John Monash
3371:Hart, Peter
3295:6 September
3273:6 September
3181:13 November
3155:13 November
3133:13 November
3103:13 November
3081:13 November
2986:, Chapter 5
2850:Monash 1920
2739:"No. 31451"
2719:"No. 31263"
2699:"No. 31465"
2679:"No. 31150"
2659:"No. 31092"
2644:, cited in
2574:"No. 30450"
2559:, cited in
1831:28 February
1802:, p. 8
1765:28 November
1714:, p. 1
1538:"No. 31514"
1496:during the
1323:Tim Fischer
1240:Kfar Monash
1086:Rotary Club
1042:machine-gun
758:Broodseinde
746:Armentières
688:During the
632:James McCay
628:James Legge
494:Bar Mitzvah
394:4th Brigade
319:(1923–1931)
313:(1920–1931)
186:(1913–1914)
181:(1914–1916)
176:(1916–1918)
4341:Categories
4222:Ramaciotti
4042:Gellibrand
3875:1923–1931
3843:1916–1918
3785:1918–1919
3225:1 November
2969:Perry 2007
2927:Perry 2007
2915:Perry 2007
2888:Perry 2007
2602:Perry 2004
2545:Perry 2004
2533:Perry 2004
2311:Perry 2004
2191:Perry 2007
2179:Perry 2007
2141:Perry 2007
2129:Perry 2007
2117:Perry 2007
2105:Perry 2007
2067:Perry 2007
2055:Perry 2007
2043:Perry 2007
2031:Perry 2007
2019:Perry 2007
2007:Perry 2007
1862:15 January
1788:Serle 1982
1777:required.)
1712:Serle 1982
1579:. Sydney:
1482:(Belgium).
1452:(Belgium).
1421:Supporters
1415:Escutcheon
1248:Suburb of
1054:Bullecourt
922:Hargicourt
760:, and the
726:Suez Canal
655:Heliopolis
608:battalions
564:, London.
486:bushranger
480:region of
474:Jerilderie
454:Krotoschin
420:Early life
117:Allegiance
66:1865-06-27
4331:Australia
4319:Biography
4237:Rosenthal
4232:Robertson
4157:MacLaurin
4067:Griffiths
3992:Christian
3792:Carl Jess
3442:563884172
3412:(1971) ,
2954:27 August
2824:31 August
2799:31 August
2630:Hart 2008
2518:7 January
2492:31 August
2371:31 August
2283:1833-7538
1992:8 October
1882:The Argus
1684:1833-7538
1485:Symbolism
1470:(France).
1446:(France).
1325:, former
1273:Ingleside
1191:Melbourne
1030:artillery
938:armistice
730:Anzac Day
585:Gallipoli
528:in 1921.
489:Ned Kelly
296:(Belgium)
291:(Belgium)
140:1884–1920
120:Australia
97:Melbourne
73:Melbourne
4252:Sellheim
4212:Phillips
4182:Meredith
4177:McNicoll
4122:Johnston
4072:Grimwade
4047:Glasfurd
3957:Birdwood
3801:General
3758:Archived
3651:(2017).
3625:(2014).
3557:(1982),
3492:(2004),
3451:(1972),
3373:(2008),
3251:25 April
3059:25 April
3033:25 April
2999:Archived
2873:30 March
2513:ABC News
2296:12 March
2291:70677943
2214:30 March
2090:30 March
1966:30 March
1940:30 March
1914:30 March
1888:30 March
1697:12 March
1692:70677943
1654:(1986).
1601:Course."
1586:12 March
1569:(1949).
1509:See also
1440:circlet.
1305:, France
1254:Canberra
1229:Town of
1206:Yallourn
1182:Victoria
1050:Pozières
1046:bayonets
1026:aircraft
1022:infantry
910:Chuignes
902:George V
832:Birdwood
754:Messines
478:Riverina
309:Manager
286:(France)
281:(France)
165:Commands
125:Service/
4305:Portals
4272:Stewart
4197:Parnell
4172:McGlinn
4082:Herring
4057:Goddard
4052:Glasgow
4032:Forsyth
4022:Elliott
3987:Chauvel
3972:Bridges
3947:Bennett
3869:of the
3307:Sources
1908:The Age
1492:of the
1275:on the
1263:Group 3
1172:Eponyms
1058:mortars
918:Peronne
695:Hill 60
569:militia
496:at the
476:in the
462:Monasch
326:General
149:General
48:Monash
4292:Wisdom
4287:Wilson
4227:Rankin
4187:Monash
4162:Martin
4152:Mackay
4117:Jobson
4107:Irving
4102:Hughes
4092:Holmes
4037:Foster
4007:Davies
3982:Cannan
3977:Browne
3962:Blamey
3942:Antill
3663:
3637:
3611:
3585:
3565:
3544:
3522:
3504:
3479:
3461:
3440:
3420:
3399:
3381:
3360:
3342:
3322:
2468:Bean,
2333:14 May
2289:
2281:
2271:
1771:
1690:
1682:
1672:
1433:Orders
1281:Sydney
1250:Monash
1244:Israel
1231:Monash
1127:Legacy
864:Allies
837:Hughes
699:Lemnos
661:under
610:: the
450:Jewish
258:Awards
171:(1918)
127:branch
104:Buried
4282:White
4277:Tivey
4267:Smith
4247:Ryrie
4202:Paton
4192:Moore
4167:McCay
4137:Lloyd
4132:Legge
4127:Leane
4097:Howse
4087:Hobbs
4077:Heane
4062:Grant
4027:Foott
4012:Dodds
4002:Coxen
3967:Brand
3815:1918
2487:Trove
1427:Motto
1403:Torse
1397:Crest
1387:Notes
1261:is a
1154:$ 100
1034:tanks
900:King
714:cadre
674:Turks
651:Egypt
458:Posen
346:
344:,
339:
337:,
4242:Ryan
4217:Pope
4142:Long
4112:Jess
3661:ISBN
3635:ISBN
3609:ISBN
3583:ISBN
3563:ISBN
3542:ISBN
3520:ISBN
3502:ISBN
3477:ISBN
3459:ISBN
3438:OCLC
3418:ISBN
3397:ISBN
3379:ISBN
3358:ISBN
3340:ISBN
3320:ISBN
3297:2024
3275:2024
3253:2018
3227:2020
3183:2016
3157:2016
3135:2016
3105:2016
3083:2016
3061:2018
3035:2018
2956:2013
2875:2020
2826:2022
2801:2022
2520:2017
2494:2022
2373:2022
2335:2019
2298:2011
2287:OCLC
2279:ISSN
2269:ISBN
2216:2020
2092:2020
1994:2014
1968:2020
1942:2020
1916:2020
1890:2020
1864:2009
1833:2017
1767:2008
1699:2011
1688:OCLC
1680:ISSN
1670:ISBN
1588:2011
1478:The
1472:The
1436:The
1409:Helm
1375:Arms
1337:and
1032:and
920:and
634:and
624:16th
622:and
620:15th
616:14th
612:13th
572:the
520:and
334:GCMG
145:Rank
87:Died
60:Born
3997:Cox
3696:doi
1756:doi
1301:at
1279:of
1252:in
1233:in
1020:of
889:by
510:dux
504:at
341:KCB
276:(6)
4343::
3736:.
3682:.
3678:.
3659:.
3655:.
3633:.
3540:,
3500:,
3244:.
3174:.
3121:.
3052:.
2976:^
2942:.
2865:.
2817:.
2741:.
2721:.
2701:.
2681:.
2661:.
2576:.
2511:.
2485:.
2390:^
2364:.
2326:.
2285:.
2277:.
2267:.
2257:.
2206:.
2082:.
1984:.
1958:.
1932:.
1906:.
1880:.
1850:.
1748:.
1686:.
1678:.
1668:.
1658:.
1615:^
1573:.
1552:^
1540:.
1529:^
1028:,
1024:,
940:.
916:,
912:,
893:.
866:.
756:,
630:,
618:,
614:,
348:VD
331:,
160:52
79:,
75:,
50:c.
4307::
3912:e
3905:t
3898:v
3702:.
3698::
3686:.
3669:.
3643:.
3617:.
3299:.
3277:.
3255:.
3229:.
3185:.
3137:.
3063:.
3037:.
2958:.
2877:.
2828:.
2522:.
2496:.
2375:.
2337:.
2300:.
2218:.
2094:.
1996:.
1970:.
1944:.
1918:.
1892:.
1866:.
1835:.
1769:.
1758::
1701:.
1590:.
1500:.
1464:.
1458:.
1394:.
1208:)
975:(
376:/
373:ʃ
370:æ
367:n
364:ɒ
361:m
358:ˈ
355:/
351:(
68:)
64:(
20:)
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