1856:
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only credited
Fleming along with several other Marconi employees, saying he did some work on the "power plant". Marconi also forgot a promise to give Fleming 500 shares of Marconi stock if the project was successful. Fleming was bitter about his treatment. He honoured his agreement and did not speak about it throughout Marconi's life, but after his death in 1937 said Marconi had been "very ungenerous".
867:
63:
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448:
896:. The triode was vital in the creation of long-distance telephone and radio communications, radars, and early electronic digital computers (mechanical and electro-mechanical digital computers already existed using different technology). The court battle over these patents lasted for many years with victories at different stages for both sides. Fleming also contributed in the fields of
1835:
802:, the inventor of radiotelegraphy, decided to attempt transatlantic radio communication. This would require a scale-up in power from the small 200–400 watt transmitters Marconi had used up to then. He contracted Fleming, an expert in power engineering, to design the radio transmitter. Fleming designed the world's first large
563:
Even as a boy he wanted to become an engineer. At 11 he had his own workshop where he built model boats and engines. He even built his own camera, the start of a lifelong interest in photography. Training to become an engineer was beyond the family's financial resources, but he reached his goal via a
821:
Although
Fleming was responsible for the design, the director of the Marconi Co. had made Fleming agree that: "If we get across the Atlantic, the main credit will be and must forever be Mr. Marconi's". Accordingly, the worldwide acclaim that greeted this landmark accomplishment went to Marconi, who
782:
alternating current systems. In 1884 Fleming joined
University College London taking up the Chair of Electrical Technology, the first of its kind in England. Although this offered great opportunities, he recalls in his autobiography that the only equipment provided to him was a blackboard and piece
1000:
Today, descendants of the original valve (or vacuum tube) still play an important role in a range of applications. They can be found in the power stages of radio and television transmitters, in musical instrument amplifiers (particularly electric guitar and bass amplifiers), in some high-end audio
637:'s last Course". Maxwell's lectures, he admitted, were difficult to follow. Maxwell, he said, often appeared obscure and had "a paradoxical and allusive way of speaking". On occasions Fleming was the only student at those lectures. Fleming again graduated, this time with a
1805:
Buckingham, James Silk; Sterling, John; Maurice, Frederick
Denison; Stebbing, Henry; Dilke, Charles Wentworth; Hervey, Thomas Kibble; Dixon, William Hepworth; MacColl, Norman; Rendall, Vernon Horace; Murry, John Middleton (28 March 1908).
1626:
The electronics age may be said to have been ushered in with the invention of the vacuum diode valve in 1902 by the Briton John
Fleming (himself coining the word "electronics"), the immediate application being in the field of
1398:
1960:
921:
Fleming retired from
University College London in 1927 at the age of 77. He remained active, becoming a committed advocate of the new technology of Television which included serving as the second president of the
965:
in Great
Britain, for a device called the Thermionic Valve. When inserted together with a galvanometer, into a tuned electrical circuit, it could be used as a very sensitive rectifying detector of
2243:
1953:
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in 1933 for "the conspicuous part he played in introducing physical and engineering principles into the radio art". A note from eulogy at the
Centenary celebration of the invention of the
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1946:
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370:. Fleming bequeathed much of his estate to Christian charities, especially those for the poor. He was a noted photographer, painted watercolours, and enjoyed climbing the
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997:" and were the main device used to create the electronics industry of today. They remained dominant until the transistor took dominance in the early 1970s.
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1105:. Fleming's archive spans 521 volumes and 12 boxes; it contains his laboratory notebooks, lecture notes, patent specifications, and correspondence.
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later invalidated the patent because of an improper disclaimer and, additionally, maintained the technology in the patent was known art when filed.
406:
in 1879 and a BA from
Cambridge in 1881, before becoming a fellow of St John's in 1883. He went on to lecture at several universities including the
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On the power factor and conductivity of dielectrics when tested with alternating electric currents of telephonic frequency at various temperatures
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626:. After saving £400, and securing a grant of £50 a year, in October 1877 at the age of 27, he once again enrolled as a student, this time at
465:
1115:
Electric Lamps and
Electric Lighting: A course of four lectures on electric illumination delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain
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in 1882, Fleming took up the post of "electrician" to the Edison Electrical Light Company, advising on lighting systems and the new
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1089:. Fleming's library, which totals around 950 items, includes first editions of works by prominent scientists and engineers such as
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414:, and University College London, where he was the first professor of electrical engineering. He was also a consultant to the
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423:
268:
31:
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143:
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Some memories of Professor James Clerk Maxwell, pp. 116–124, in: James Clerk Maxwell: A Commemorative Volume, 1831–1931
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728:
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valve and many related structures, it can also be considered to be the device that gave birth to modern electronics.
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1983:
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1038:
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595:'s battery, which became the subject of his first scientific paper. This was the first paper to be read to the new
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836:, which he called the oscillation valve, for which he received a patent on 16 November. It became known as the
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Financial problems again forced him to work for a living and in the summer of 1874 he became science master at
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238:
125:
1910:
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In 1904, working for the Marconi company to improve transatlantic radio reception, Fleming invented the first
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of chalk. In 1897 the Pender Laboratory was founding at University College London and Fleming took up the
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On 11 June 1887, he married Clara Ripley (1856/7–1917), daughter of Walter Freake Pratt, a solicitor from
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544:
Fleming started school at about the age of ten, attending a private school where he particularly enjoyed
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552:, a popular book of the day – even as an adult he would quote from it. His schooling continued at the
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wireless currents, known as radio waves. It was a major step forward in the 'wireless revolution'.
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2019:
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548:. Prior to that his mother tutored him and he had learned, virtually by heart, a book called the
383:
344:
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1183:
The Wonders of Wireless Telegraphy : Explained in simple terms for the non-technical reader
1906:
Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, UCL – home of the original Fleming valve
888:, leading Fleming to accuse him of infringing his patents. De Forest's tube developed into the
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1887:
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1807:
1615:
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1245:(1938) Marshall Morgan and Scott, 114 pages, ASIN: B00089BL7Y – outlines objections to Darwin.
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818:, UK, which transmitted the first radio transmission across the Atlantic on 12 December 1901.
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as a demonstrator of mechanical engineering before being appointed as the first Professor of
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1995:
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One century ago, in November 1904, John Ambrose Fleming FRS, Pender Professor at UCL, filed
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248:
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Fleming was a Christian creationist who argued against evolution. He was President of the
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degree in chemistry and physics. He then obtained a DSc from London and served one year at
62:
2097:
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1554:
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415:
363:
329:
1600:
J.Summerscale (ed.) (1965). "The Penguin Encyclopedia", Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, UK.
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Cornwall Archaeological Society. "Cornish archaeology". Cornwall Archaeological Society.
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with which the first transatlantic radio transmission was made, and also established the
1876:
347:, Lancashire, and baptised on 11 February 1850. A devout Christian, he once preached at
17:
1319:
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656:. On 27 July 1928 he married the popular young singer Olive May Franks (b. 1898/9), of
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and Mathematics at University College Nottingham, but he left after less than a year.
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1641:"Ships built by the Burntisland Shipbuilding Company Ltd: arranged by date of launch"
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where, although accomplished at maths, he habitually came bottom of the class at
1900:
1847:
1371:
Brittain, J. E. (2007). "Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame: John A. Fleming".
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J. T. MacGregor-Morris (1955). "Sir Ambrose Fleming (Jubilee of the Valve)".
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1429:
1296:
1189:
The Wireless Telegraphist's Pocket Book of Notes, Formulae and Calculations
810:
powered by a 25 kW alternator driven by a combustion engine, built at
1834:
1582:"Misreading the Supreme Court: A Puzzling Chapter in the History of Radio"
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The Thermionic Valve and its Development in Radio Telegraphy and Telephony
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The Propagation of Electric Currents in Telephone and Telegraph Conductors
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He was among the "two or perhaps three University students who attended
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1045:, to mark 100 years since the invention of the thermionic radio valve.
702: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
661:
657:
646:
472: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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He was the eldest of seven children of James Fleming DD (died 1879), a
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1938:
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of the US added a control "grid" to the valve to create an amplifying
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radiation, and in sensitive equipment that must be "radiation-hard".
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856:
811:
934:, Devon in 1945. His contributions to electronic communications and
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1612:
The Penguin encyclopedia of modern warfare: 1850 to the present day
1911:
100 Years of Electronics 2004 – The Centenary of the Fleming Valve
935:
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833:
618:.) His own scientific research continued and he corresponded with
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109:
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In 1945 Fleming's widow donated Fleming's library and papers to
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1942:
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603:) and appears on page one of volume one of their Proceedings.
441:
426:. In 1892, Fleming presented an important paper on electrical
43:
1610:
Macksey, Kenneth; Woodhouse, William (1991). "Electronics".
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In 1894 and 1917 Ambrose Fleming was invited to deliver the
1905:
1171:
An Elementary Manual of Radiotelegraphy and Radiotelephony
1141:
A Handbook for the Electrical Laboratory and Testing Room
908:(radio), and electrical measurements. He coined the term
571:, graduated in 1870, and studied under the mathematician
1143:"The Electrician" Printing and Publishing Company (1901)
1131:"The Electrician" Printing and Publishing Company (1896)
1129:
The Alternate Current Transformer in Theory and Practice
859:
for many decades afterwards, until it was superseded by
1489:"Electronic Notes: Ambrose Fleming Facts & Quotes"
564:
path that alternated education with paid employment.
27:
English electrical engineer and physicist (1849–1945)
1075:
Our Useful Servants : Magnetism and Electricity
1976:
1874:; Salaza-Palma, Magdalena; Sengupta, Dipak (eds.).
1866:Mitchell, John; Griffiths, Hugh; Boyd, Ian (2006).
1639:Anderson, James B (2008). Sommerville, Iain (ed.).
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In November 1905, he patented the "Fleming Valve" (
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855:. Fleming's diode was used in radio receivers and
851:is often considered to have been the beginning of
614:, earning £400 per year. (He later also taught at
312:(29 November 1849 – 18 April 1945) was an English
2244:People educated at Lancaster Royal Grammar School
1227:(3 volumes), The New Era Publishing Co Ltd (1927)
1213:Introduction to Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony
993:In the ensuing years, valves quickly superseded "
1719:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
1418:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
1284:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
1207:Electrons, Electric Waves and Wireless telephony
1185:Society for promoting Christian Knowledge (1913)
985:). As a rectifying diode, and forerunner to the
863:electronic technology more than 50 years later.
1219:Mercury-arc Rectifiers and Mercury-vapour Lamps
1882:. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. pp.
398:, where he obtained a BSc in 1870. He entered
1954:
787:after the £5000 was endowed as a memorial to
8:
2224:People educated at University College School
1147:Waves and Ripples in Water, Air, and Aether
1012:commemorated Fleming by naming a new 1,555
320:who invented the first thermionic valve or
1961:
1947:
1939:
1810:The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy
1753:UCL Special Collections (23 August 2018).
1179:(1912) Gresham, 82 pages, ASIN: B0008CJBIC
1161:(1906), Longmans Green, London, 671 pages.
1159:The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy
1155:Christian Knowledge Society: London (1904)
579:. He became a student of chemistry at the
418:Wireless Telegraph Company, Swan Company,
61:
38:
2194:Academics of the University of Nottingham
1507:UCL Electronic and Electrical Engineering
1352:. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
1173:(1911) Longmans Green, London, 340 pages.
914:to describe the true power flowing in an
762:Learn how and when to remove this message
532:Learn how and when to remove this message
30:For other people named John Fleming, see
1001:amplifiers, as detectors of optical and
1266:
2234:Alumni of the Royal College of Science
2229:History of radio in the United Kingdom
2204:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
2189:Academics of University College London
1857:Works by or about John Ambrose Fleming
1550:
1539:
1460:"Encyclopedia of John Ambrose Fleming"
1503:"History: The early years, 1885–1950"
1215:Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd. (1924)
567:Fleming enrolled for a BSc degree at
7:
938:were of vital importance in winning
700:adding citations to reliable sources
470:adding citations to reliable sources
343:minister, and his wife Mary Ann, at
2199:Alumni of University College London
1239:Marshall, Morgan & Scott (1934)
1067:Royal Institution Christmas Lecture
432:Institution of Electrical Engineers
1399:"Fleming, John Ambrose (FLM877JA)"
1326:. The History of Computing Project
842:Supreme Court of the United States
422:, Edison Telephone, and later the
25:
2159:People from Lancaster, Lancashire
1916:Life and Times of Ambrose Fleming
1714:"John Ambrose Fleming. 1849-1945"
1279:"John Ambrose Fleming. 1849-1945"
930:in 1929, and died at his home in
2214:European amateur radio operators
1833:
1591:. November 1998, Mercurians.org.
676:
446:
402:in 1877, gaining a DSc from the
1668:The Quarterly Review of Biology
1233:Television Press London. (1928)
1153:The Evidence of Things Not Seen
1071:The Work of an Electric Current
687:needs additional citations for
660:, daughter of George Franks, a
457:needs additional citations for
2209:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
2154:British Christian creationists
1320:"Ambrose J. Fleming biography"
388:Lancaster Royal Grammar School
351:in London on evidence for the
1:
1901:IEEE History Center biography
1848:Works by John Ambrose Fleming
1237:Memories of a Scientific life
1135:Magnets and Electric Currents
424:Edison Electric Light Company
412:University College Nottingham
32:John Fleming (disambiguation)
2249:Recipients of Franklin Medal
2219:Fellows of the Royal Society
2174:English electrical engineers
1318:Harr, Chris (23 June 2003).
1167:(1908) Constable, 316 pages.
400:St John's College, Cambridge
382:Ambrose Fleming was born in
1403:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1346:"Right and left hand rules"
1137:E. & F. N. Spon. (1898)
870:John Ambrose Fleming (1906)
668:Activities and achievements
285:Other notable students
2265:
1405:. University of Cambridge.
1201:Fifty Years of Electricity
1039:Norman Lockyer Observatory
942:. Fleming was awarded the
597:Physical Society of London
591:). There he first studied
550:Child's Guide to Knowledge
368:Evolution Protest Movement
29:
1934:University College London
1925:University College London
1779:UCL Special Collections.
1755:"Fleming Book Collection"
1473:Fleming, Ambrose (1931).
1385:10.1109/JPROC.2006.887329
1249:Mathematics for Engineers
1209:The Wireless Press (1923)
1203:The Wireless Press (1921)
1191:The Wireless Press (1915)
1087:University College London
569:University College London
554:University College School
396:University College London
392:University College School
298:
249:Edison Electric Light Co.
234:University College London
209:
144:Fleming's right-hand rule
122:University College London
60:
2032:Stanford Caldwell Hooper
1587:19 December 2009 at the
1257:George Newnes Ltd (1941)
1251:George Newnes Ltd (1938)
776:University of Nottingham
581:Royal College of Science
305:Sir John Ambrose Fleming
239:University of Nottingham
149:Fleming's left-hand rule
126:Royal College of Science
18:Sir John Ambrose Fleming
2074:Alfred Norton Goldsmith
1921:Fleming Book Collection
1759:UCL Special Collections
1614:. Viking. p. 110.
1373:Proceedings of the IEEE
1350:Tutorials, Magnet Lab U
1225:The Electrical Educator
882:RF detector called the
438:Education and marriages
408:University of Cambridge
349:St Martin-in-the-Fields
188:Duddell Medal and Prize
2164:People from Maida Vale
2044:George Ashley Campbell
2014:Gustave-Auguste Ferrié
1785:UCL Archives Catalogue
1732:10.1098/rsbm.1945.0014
1645:Welcome to Burntisland
1549:Cite journal requires
1477:. New York: Macmillan.
1430:10.1098/rsnr.1955.0004
1297:10.1098/rsbm.1945.0014
1243:Evolution or Creation?
1029:On 27 November 2004 a
991:
871:
847:This invention of the
711:"John Ambrose Fleming"
481:"John Ambrose Fleming"
2038:Balthasar van der Pol
2020:Arthur Edwin Kennelly
1567:Fleming Valve patent
1324:Pioneers of Computing
1255:Physics for Engineers
1221:London. Pitman (1925)
972:
892:the first electronic
869:
366:helped establish the
293:Balthasar van der Pol
87:Lancaster, Lancashire
2110:Lawrence C. F. Horle
2026:John Ambrose Fleming
1984:Greenleaf W. Pickard
1870:; Mailloux, Robert;
1842:at Wikimedia Commons
1840:John Ambrose Fleming
1674:(4): 452–491. 1935.
1037:was unveiled at the
1035:Institute of Physics
1010:London Power Company
832:, the two-electrode
696:improve this article
643:Cambridge University
624:Cambridge University
601:Institute of Physics
466:improve this article
404:University of London
244:Cambridge University
48:John Ambrose Fleming
2008:Peder Oluf Pedersen
1970:IEEE Medal of Honor
1878:History of Wireless
1570:U.S. patent 803,684
1509:. 24 September 2018
1091:James Clerk Maxwell
1057:from 1927 to 1942.
906:wireless telegraphy
639:First Class Honours
620:James Clerk Maxwell
577:George Carey Foster
394:, London, and then
314:electrical engineer
2169:English physicists
1647:. Iain Sommerville
1117:(1894) 228 pages,
1055:Victoria Institute
944:IRE Medal of Honor
924:Television Society
872:
793:Cable and Wireless
774:After leaving the
608:Cheltenham College
575:and the physicist
573:Augustus De Morgan
254:Victoria Institute
194:IRE Medal of Honor
2179:English inventors
2131:
2130:
2068:Lloyd Espenschied
2056:John H. Dellinger
1852:Project Gutenberg
1838:Media related to
1812:by J. A. Fleming"
1666:"Brief Notices".
1621:978-0-670-82698-8
1149:MacMillan (1902).
1033:presented by the
808:spark transmitter
804:radio transmitter
800:Guglielmo Marconi
791:, the founder of
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326:radio transmitter
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275:Doctoral students
269:Frederick Guthrie
211:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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2239:Knights Bachelor
2122:Frederick Terman
2080:Albert H. Taylor
2050:Melville Eastham
2002:George W. Pierce
1996:Jonathan Zenneck
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1861:Internet Archive
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1820:(4196): 386–387.
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1781:"Fleming Papers"
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1103:Shelford Bidwell
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948:thermionic valve
806:, a complicated
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593:Alessandro Volta
589:Imperial College
585:South Kensington
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386:and educated at
358:In 1932, he and
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264:Doctoral advisor
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1990:Louis W. Austin
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1726:(14): 231–242.
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685:This section
683:
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664:businessman.
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455:This section
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1788:. Retrieved
1784:
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1649:. Retrieved
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1542:cite journal
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1506:
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1095:Oliver Lodge
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1008:In 1941 the
1007:
999:
992:
973:
957:GB 190424850
940:World War II
920:
911:power factor
909:
883:
873:
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824:
820:
797:
785:Pender Chair
773:
758:
752:January 2023
749:
739:
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718:
706:
694:Please help
689:verification
686:
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522:January 2023
519:
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502:
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476:
464:Please help
459:verification
456:
381:
357:
353:resurrection
338:
304:
303:
227:Institutions
210:
176:Albert Medal
170:Hughes Medal
100:(1945-04-18)
36:
2149:1945 deaths
2144:1849 births
1379:: 313–315.
1099:James Dewar
1081:Collections
1049:Creationism
1031:Blue Plaque
902:electronics
880:vacuum tube
861:solid state
853:electronics
849:vacuum tube
830:vacuum tube
789:John Pender
434:in London.
428:transformer
378:Early years
322:vacuum tube
2138:Categories
2116:Ralph Bown
1790:6 December
1764:6 December
1513:13 January
1262:References
1231:Television
898:photometry
827:thermionic
722:newspapers
492:newspapers
165:FRS (1892)
79:1849-11-29
1977:1926–1950
1808:"Review:
1740:192193265
1696:201792104
1446:143665764
1305:192193265
977:US 803684
926:. He was
894:amplifier
874:In 1906,
628:Cambridge
599:(now the
384:Lancaster
345:Lancaster
318:physicist
112:, England
89:, England
1712:(1945).
1585:Archived
1356:30 April
1330:30 April
1277:(1945).
1061:Lectures
1043:Sidmouth
932:Sidmouth
928:knighted
918:system.
916:AC power
816:Cornwall
798:In 1899
780:Ferranti
546:geometry
420:Ferranti
332:used in
106:Sidmouth
1859:at the
1688:2808468
1651:16 June
1534:8562888
1197:(1919).
1123:8202914
1020:collier
1017:coastal
736:scholar
662:Cardiff
658:Bristol
647:Physics
635:Maxwell
506:scholar
416:Marconi
334:physics
221:Physics
2124:(1950)
2118:(1949)
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2100:(1945)
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2028:(1933)
2022:(1932)
2016:(1931)
2010:(1930)
2004:(1929)
1998:(1928)
1992:(1927)
1986:(1926)
1890:
1886:–326.
1738:
1694:
1686:
1627:radio.
1618:
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1438:530956
1436:
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1121:
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890:triode
885:Audion
857:radars
840:. The
812:Poldhu
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217:Fields
202:(1935)
196:(1933)
190:(1930)
184:(1928)
178:(1921)
172:(1910)
158:Awards
1736:S2CID
1692:S2CID
1684:JSTOR
1442:S2CID
1434:JSTOR
1301:S2CID
936:radar
834:diode
743:JSTOR
729:books
558:Latin
513:JSTOR
499:books
110:Devon
1888:ISBN
1792:2023
1766:2023
1653:2011
1616:ISBN
1555:help
1530:OCLC
1515:2023
1358:2008
1332:2008
1119:OCLC
1101:and
1073:and
715:news
654:Bath
610:, a
485:news
372:Alps
362:and
316:and
95:Died
73:Born
1932:at
1923:at
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1676:doi
1426:doi
1381:doi
1293:doi
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