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481:, to the patronage of whose house the rise of the Scott family was largely owing. Bowes having contested Newcastle and lost it, presented an election petition against the return of his opponent. Young Scott was retained as junior counsel in the case, and though he lost the petition he did not fail to improve the opportunity which it afforded for displaying his talents. This engagement, at the start of his second year at the bar, and the dropping in of occasional fees, must have raised his hopes; and he now abandoned the scheme of becoming a provincial barrister. A year or two of dull drudgery and few fees followed, and he began to be much depressed. But in 1780, his prospects suddenly improved by his appearance in the case of
71:
497:, though the latter was the son of a peer and a most accomplished orator. He was now on the high way to fortune. His health, which had hitherto been but indifferent, strengthened with the demands made upon it; his talents, his power of endurance, and his ambition all expanded together. He enjoyed a considerable practice in the northern part of his circuit, before parliamentary committees and at the chancery bar. By 1787, his practice at the equity bar had so far increased that he was obliged to give up the eastern half of his circuit (which embraced six counties) and attend it only at Lancaster.
420:. He was not remarkable at school for application to his studies, though his wonderful memory enabled him to make good progress in them; he frequently played truant and was whipped for it, robbed orchards, and indulged in other questionable schoolboy pranks; nor did he always come out of his scrapes with honour and a character for truthfulness. When he had finished his education at the grammar school, his father thought of apprenticing him to his own business, to which an elder brother Henry had already devoted himself; and it was only through the influence of his elder brother William (afterwards
1846:
408:. His grandfather, William Scott of Sandgate, a street adjacent to the Newcastle quayside, was clerk to a fitter, a sort of water-carrier and broker of coals. His father, whose name also was William, began life as an apprentice to a fitter, in which service he obtained the freedom of Newcastle, becoming a member of the guild of Hostmen (coal-fitters); later in life he became a principal in the business, and attained a respectable position as a merchant in Newcastle, accumulating property worth nearly £20,000.
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marry; it was a blight on his son's prospects, depriving him of his fellowship and his chance of church preferment. But while the bride's family refused to associate with the couple, Scott, like a prudent man and an affectionate father, set himself to make the best of a bad matter, and received them kindly, settling on his son £2000.
644:'s insistence, in a decisive break with the High Tory past. Notwithstanding his frequent protests that he did not covet power, but longed for retirement, we find him again, so late as 1835, within three years of his death, in hopes of office under Peel. He spoke in parliament for the last time in July 1834.
824:
During Eldon's lifetime, journalist (George) Wingrave Cook observed: "Posterity will probably pass a severe judgement upon the memory of this statesman...there is no other instance of a man who was possessed of nearly absolute influence in the councils of the nation for a quarter of a century, and of
791:
Eldon was a loyal and tenacious supporter of the war against
Napoleon; but when the prospect of a new war arose in 1823, he expressed rather different concerns: "Men delude themselves by supposing that war consists only in a proclamation, a battle, a victory and a triumph. Of the soldiers' widows and
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In the latter year we find him conducting the negotiations which resulted in the dismissal of
Addington and the recall of Pitt to office as prime minister. Lord Eldon was continued in office as chancellor under Pitt; but the new administration was of short duration, for on 23 January 1806 Pitt died,
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The same year Bowes again retained him in an election petition; and in the year following Scott greatly increased his reputation by his appearance as leading counsel in the
Clitheroe election petition. From this time his success was certain. In 1782, he obtained a silk gown, and was so far cured of
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in
January 1773. In 1776, he was called to the bar, intending at first to establish himself as an advocate in his native town, a scheme which his early success led him to abandon, and he soon settled to the practice of his profession in London, and on the northern circuit. In the autumn of 1776, his
447:
On 18 November 1772, Scott, with the aid of a ladder and an old friend, carried off the lady from her father's house in the
Sandhill, across the border to Blackshields, in Scotland, where they were married. The father of the bridegroom objected not to his son's choice, but to the time he chose to
451:
John returned with his wife to Oxford, and continued to hold his fellowship for what is called the year of grace given after marriage, and added to his income by acting as a private tutor. After a time, Mr
Surtees was reconciled with his daughter, and made a liberal settlement of £3000.
632:, the chief advocate of Roman Catholic emancipation, that Lord Eldon, in the seventy-sixth year of his age, finally resigned the chancellorship in protest, being deeply opposed to the new prime minister's more liberal principles. When, after the two short administrations of Canning and
428:, that it was ultimately resolved that he should continue with his studies. Accordingly, in 1766, John Scott entered University College with the view of taking holy orders and obtaining a college living. In the year following he obtained a fellowship, graduated with a
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Although labelled a Tory by the opposition and by subsequent historians, Eldon placed himself long-term in the Whig tradition, defending "a doctrine essentially similar to that which ministerial Whigs had held since the days of
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whom it can be said that he never originated one measure that the next generation judged beneficial to his country, and never allowed one such measure to be discussed without his strenuous and generally fatal opposition."
485:, which became a leading case settling a rule of law; and the young Scott, having lost his point in the inferior court, insisted on arguing it, on appeal, against the opinion of his clients, and carried it before
537:, who then labored under a mental malady) and the delegation of his authority. It is said that he drafted the Regency Bill, which was introduced in 1789. In 1793, Sir John Scott was promoted to the office of
444:, known as "Bessie", was the eldest daughter of Aubone Surtees, a Newcastle banker. The Surtees family objected to the match, and attempted to prevent it; but a strong attachment had sprung up between them.
620:"Nothing would inflict on me greater pain in quitting this place, than the recollection that I had done anything to justify the reproach that the equity of this court varies like the Chancellor's foot."
663:, whose advocate he had formerly been, and partly through his reputation for zeal against the Roman Catholics. In the same year his brother William, who from 1798 had filled the office of judge of the
599:. The death of Fox, who became foreign secretary and leader of the House of Commons, soon, however, broke up the Grenville administration; and in the spring of 1807 Lord Eldon once more, under the
545:. These prosecutions, in most cases, were no doubt instigated by Sir John Scott, and were the most important proceedings in which he was ever professionally engaged. He has left on record, in his
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at Oxford, and enjoyed an extensive acquaintance with men of eminence in London, was in a position materially to advance his interests. Among his friends was the notorious Andrew Bowes of
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1345:
876:, he was stoned at Wareham by a mob of a hundred men. Although there were no injuries, it was stated that he might have died had not an umbrella deflected one of the stones from his head.
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John Scott's year of grace closed without any college living falling vacant; and with his fellowship he gave up the church and turned to the study of law. He became a student at the
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541:, in which it fell to him to conduct the memorable prosecutions for high treason against British sympathizers with French republicanism, among others, against the celebrated
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equally noted: "there is no absurdity in law, no intolerance in church government; no arbitrary state measure, of which he is not the surly, furious, and bigoted advocate."
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2283:
856:". As an Ultra-Tory, protesting against Catholic Emancipation, he sat with the Whigs during the 1830 parliamentary session and in 1825, following the defeat of the Tory
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600:
802:, challenged Eldon's sincerity: "Next came Fraud and he had on, Like Eldon, an ermined gown – His big tears, for he wept well – Turned to millstones as they fell".
567:
John Scott (1751–1838), afterwards 1st Earl of Eldon, Younger
Brother of Lord Stowell, Fellow (1767), Lord High Chancellor of England (1801–1806) by William C?Owen
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to construct a cabinet, Lord Eldon expected to be included, if not as chancellor, at least in some important office, but he was chagrined at being overlooked at
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detailed in precise figures how Eldon's "almost incredible wealth" was due to state "emoluments of which he and his family monopolize to an inordinate degree."
563:
587:, and the chief justice now ascended the woolsack. The chancellorship was given to him professedly on account of his notorious anti-Catholic zeal. From the
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on 13 January 1838. Eldon left an estate of £2,300,000 – at a time when even estates of a million pounds were exceedingly rare. John Wade, compiler of
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2026:
1976:
1818:
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533:, and was knighted, and at the close of this year he attracted attention by his speeches in support of Pitt's resolutions on the state of the king (
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India Bill. They were unsuccessful. In one he aimed at being brilliant; and becoming merely laboured and pedantic, he was covered with ridicule by
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falling vacant, Sir John Scott's claim to it was not overlooked; and after seventeen years' service in the Lower House, he entered the
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administration, returned to the woolsack, which, from that time, he continued to occupy for about twenty years, swaying the cabinet.
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872:". In 1831, while returning to Purbeck in an open carriage from the declaration at the Dorset county election in the company of
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in 1770, and in 1771 won the prize for the
English essay, the only university prize open in his time for general competition.
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as well as his belief in an unchanging
Britain anchored in the values of 1688, he epitomised the reactionary values of what
702:, whom he called Bessie, died before him, on 28 June 1831. They had had two sons and two daughters that survived childhood:
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of attempting to establish "representative government, the direct opposite of the government which is established here" .
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517:, which Lord Thurlow obtained for him without solicitation. In Parliament he gave a general and independent support to
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Lord Eldon himself survived almost all his immediate relations. His brother
William died in 1836. He himself died in
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his early modesty that he declined accepting the king's counselship if precedence over him were given to his junior,
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the soldiers' orphans, after the fathers and husbands have fallen in the field of battle, the survivors think not".
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In his second year at the bar his prospects began to brighten. His brother William, who by this time was the
821:, hence a cartoon of 1817 depicting him as leading a flight of lawyer-locusts descending on the law courts.
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English Society, 1688–1832: Ideology, Social Structure and Political Practice during the Ancien Regime
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529:, from whom he received a lesson which he did not fail to turn to account. In 1788, he was appointed
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Volume 2 – 1846 London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. Modern reprint by Kessinger Publishing
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father died, leaving him a legacy of £1000 over and above the £2000 previously settled on him.
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He himself was, however, criticised with equal force for not reforming the notoriously slow
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727:) on 6 April 1820. They had two sons, John Scott and Rev. Eldon Surtees. Their grandson was
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worn out with the anxieties of office, and his ministry was succeeded by a coalition, under
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Lady Elizabeth Repton John (1783 – 16 April 1862) married George Stanley Repton, son of
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John (8 March 1774 – 24 December 1805) married Henrietta Elizabeth Ridley, daughter of
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387:(4 June 1751 – 13 January 1838) was a British barrister and politician. He served as
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It was not until April 1827, when the premiership, vacant through the paralysis of
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591:(1802) until 1804, Lord Eldon appears to have interfered little in politics.
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17:
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1509:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–168.
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1553:
The Lives of Twelve Eminent Judges of the Last and of the Present Century
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During this time Lord Eldon was revered for his work in consolidating
2523:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
735:
691:
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1458: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
723:
Frances Jane (d. 6 August 1838) married Rev. Edward Bankes (son of
583:. In February 1801, the ministry of Pitt was succeeded by that of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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562:
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People educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
1800:
1478:. Vol. 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 49–56.
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in the House of Lords by a majority of 48, drank "the 48, the
489:, whose favorable consideration he won by his able argument.
1541:
Anthony L.J. Lincoln & Robert Lindley McEwen (editors):
1401:
Dorset County Chronicle, Thursday 26 May 1831, p.4 column 1.
745:
Eldon's title subsequently passed to his eldest grandson,
1134:
Multum In Parvo, Liverpool Mercury, 16 February 1838, p3.
521:. His first parliamentary speeches were directed against
763:
Lord Eldon and his wife are buried in the churchyard in
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between 1801 and 1806 and again between 1807 and 1827.
1529:
John Scott, Lord Eldon, 1751–1838 The Duty of Loyalty
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2015:
1998:
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1315:"The campaign for Catholic Emancipation, 1823–1829"
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308:
287:
267:
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1259:Lord Eldon, Carlisle Journal, 3 February 1838, p4.
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879:Nevertheless, in his unstinting opposition to the
810:Eldon notoriously accused the political reformer
2558:Peers of the United Kingdom created by George IV
1580:contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Eldon
710:. He had one son, John, later heir to the title.
2334:Secretaries of State for Constitutional Affairs
1531:– 1999 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press –
1524:– 3 volumes 1844 London: John Murray Publishers
1175:The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy
667:, was raised to the peerage under the title of
1001:Several ships were named in his honour, e.g.,
549:, a defence of his conduct in regard to them.
1812:
27:British barrister and politician, (1751–1838)
8:
2513:Peers of Great Britain created by George III
1159:The Black Book, or Corruption Unmasked, 1820
610:into a working body of legal principles. In
571:In 1799, the office of chief justice of the
424:), who had already obtained a fellowship at
2018:Heads of the Judiciary in England and Wales
1862:Heads of the Judiciary in England and Wales
2518:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
2012:
1856:
1819:
1805:
1797:
1584:
868:, and the glorious and immortal memory of
69:
38:
2444:List of lord chancellors and lord keepers
1438:British History in the Nineteenth Century
1321:. University College Cork. Archived from
1313:Doherty, Gillian M.; O'Riordan, Tomás A.
1235:British History in the Nineteenth Century
2498:Solicitors general for England and Wales
418:Newcastle upon Tyne Royal Grammar School
102:14 April 1801 – 7 February 1806
2503:Attorneys general for England and Wales
1031:
713:William Henry John (d. 1832) unmarried.
339: 1772; died 1831)
30:For other people named John Scott, see
1835:Lord High Chancellors of Great Britain
1545:– 1960 London: Stevens & Sons Ltd.
1271:The Black Book, or Corruption Unmasked
740:The Black Book, or Corruption Unmasked
1717:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
1690:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
887:called "the stupid old Tory party" .
708:Sir Matthew White Ridley, 2nd Baronet
647:In 1821, Lord Eldon had been created
389:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
170:1 April 1807 – 12 April 1827
90:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
7:
2483:Alumni of University College, Oxford
2473:Politicians from Newcastle upon Tyne
1051:
505:In 1782, he entered Parliament for
475:Camden professor of ancient history
2493:Chief justices of the Common Pleas
1319:Multitext Project in Irish History
1177:(Cambridge 1922) p. 394 and p. 446
25:
2508:Lord chancellors of Great Britain
1603:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
1378:A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?
1145:Bath Chronicle And Weekly Gazette
1114:A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?
1101:A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?
2354:Secretaries of State for Justice
2000:
1989:
1844:
1828:
1483:
1475:Dictionary of National Biography
1453:
1103:(Oxford 2008) p. 309 and p. 372
336:
2016:Speakers of the House of Lords
1860:Speakers of the House of Lords
1464:Rigg, James McMullen (1897). "
1302:. Cambridge: CUP. p. 408.
698:Lord Eldon's wife, the former
1:
1735:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1522:Life of Lord Chancellor Eldon
436:Elopement with Bessie Surtees
365:John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon
2548:Fellows of the Royal Society
2488:18th-century English lawyers
1381:. Oxford: OUP. p. 196.
997:Vessels named for Lord Eldon
1220:Quoted in G. M. Trevelyan,
991:s suit for copyright (1822)
554:Fellow of the Royal Society
32:John Scott (disambiguation)
2574:
1543:Lord Eldon's Anecdote Book
1356:. London: John Murray: 113
958:(1806) 2 Bos & PNR 269
426:University College, Oxford
353:University College, Oxford
29:
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1987:
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1776:
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1745:
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1663:
1652:
1644:
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1625:
1619:
1609:
1600:
1592:
1587:
806:Political and legal views
552:In 1793 he was elected a
358:
258:
163:
95:
84:
68:
1766:Peerage of Great Britain
1549:William Charles Townsend
1147:, 20 September 1838, p3.
966:(1812) 1 Ves & B 154
131:William Pitt the Younger
1648:Sir Archibald Macdonald
1563:. See pages 366 to 520.
1506:Encyclopædia Britannica
1466:Scott, John (1751-1838)
1143:Will Of Peter Holford,
1090:(1818) 2 Swans 402, 414
665:High Court of Admiralty
2553:Scott family (England)
2020:Members of the Cabinet
1864:Members of the Cabinet
1344:Twiss, Horace (1844).
783:
695:
622:
568:
416:Eldon was educated at
2543:British MPs 1796–1800
2538:British MPs 1790–1796
2533:British MPs 1784–1790
2528:British MPs 1780–1784
1967:William Henry Ashurst
1683:The Lord Loughborough
1375:Hilton, Boyd (2008).
1298:Clark, J C D (1985).
1248:Hogarth to Cruikshank
1237::(London 1922) p. 199
1211:(London 2007) p. 56-7
1192:The Liberal Awakening
902:Circumlocution Office
787:War, peace and sorrow
778:
729:Sir John Eldon Bankes
682:
618:
573:Court of Common Pleas
566:
228:The Earl of Liverpool
200:George, Prince Regent
146:The Lord Loughborough
1628:Chancellor of Durham
1440:(London 1922) p. 215
1427:(London 1926) p. 475
1414:(London 2013) p. 146
1350:The Quarterly Review
1346:"Life of Lord Eldon"
1288:(London 2013) p. 128
1250:(London 1967) p. 195
1224:(London 1926) p. 564
1116:(Oxford 2008) p. 379
947:Higginbotham v Holme
931:(1801) 6 Ves Jun 173
559:Lord High Chancellor
501:Member of Parliament
218:The Duke of Portland
44:The Right Honourable
1971:Sir Beaumont Hotham
1325:on 12 December 2015
1246:M. Dorothy George,
1194:(London 1961)p. 173
1125:1861 England Census
858:Sir Francis Burdett
406:Newcastle upon Tyne
281:Newcastle upon Tyne
1727:The Lord Lyndhurst
1675:Political offices
1425:History of England
1222:History of England
974:(1818) 2 Swans 402
921:Ackroyd v Smithson
798:, however, in his
784:
696:
638:Duke of Wellington
601:Duke of Portland's
569:
483:Ackroyd v Smithson
469:At the English bar
404:Eldon was born in
253:The Lord Lyndhurst
2450:
2449:
2437:
2436:
1985:
1984:
1795:
1794:
1786:Succeeded by
1755:Succeeded by
1724:Succeeded by
1697:Succeeded by
1655:Solicitor General
1635:Succeeded by
1613:Sir Richard Arden
1610:Succeeded by
1527:Rose A. Melikan:
1501:Eldon, John Scott
1436:G. M. Trevelyan,
1423:G. M. Trevelyan,
1412:Perilous Question
1286:perilous Question
1233:G. M. Trevelyan,
1065:"Fellows details"
982:(1821) 3 Swan 400
955:Lucena v Craufurd
907:Charles Wetherell
862:Emancipation Bill
819:Court of Chancery
800:Masque of Anarchy
779:Bust of Eldon at
700:Elizabeth Surtees
636:, it fell to the
531:Solicitor General
509:close borough of
362:
361:
325:Elizabeth Surtees
48:The Earl of Eldon
16:(Redirected from
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1710:The Lord Erskine
1707:Preceded by
1700:The Lord Erskine
1680:Preceded by
1666:Attorney General
1645:Preceded by
1638:Sir John Mitford
1620:Preceded by
1593:Preceded by
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1173:A. W. Ward ed.,
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987:William Lawrence
939:(1803) 8 Ves 337
928:Evans v Bicknell
881:Great Reform Act
835:Party allegiance
765:Kingston, Dorset
756:on his house in
649:Viscount Encombe
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464:Political career
430:Bachelor of Arts
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1594:
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1588:Legal offices
1583:
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1569:
1568:External links
1566:
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1520:Horace Twiss:
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2357:2007–present
2092:
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2031:
2027:Loughborough
1977:Loughborough
1960:
1950:
1935:
1915:
1895:
1891:Macclesfield
1875:
1777:
1773:New creation
1772:
1746:
1742:New creation
1741:
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1377:
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1358:. Retrieved
1353:
1349:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1318:
1308:
1299:
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1285:
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1205:Douglas Hurd
1199:
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1144:
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1121:
1113:
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1095:
1085:
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1069:. Retrieved
1059:
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823:
816:
812:Thomas Hardy
809:
799:
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790:
762:
751:
744:
739:
733:
725:Henry Bankes
697:
669:Lord Stowell
668:
652:
648:
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623:
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504:
491:
487:Lord Thurlow
482:
472:
454:
450:
446:
439:
422:Lord Stowell
415:
403:
364:
363:
248:Succeeded by
165:
153:Succeeded by
97:
75:Portrait by
36:
2468:1838 deaths
2463:1751 births
2304:Q. Hailsham
2299:Elwyn-Jones
2294:Q. Hailsham
2249:D. Hailsham
2239:D. Hailsham
2114:St Leonards
1921:Northington
1779:Baron Eldon
1578:1803–2005:
1470:Lee, Sidney
1448:Attribution
1410:A. Fraser,
1284:A. Fraser,
1273:, 1820, p37
1269:John Wade,
1209:Robert Peel
1188:Élie Halévy
870:William III
754:blue plaque
752:There is a
684:Blue plaque
642:Robert Peel
581:Baron Eldon
543:Horne Tooke
271:4 June 1751
238:Preceded by
203:(1811–1820)
141:Preceded by
2457:Categories
2219:Birkenhead
2209:Buckmaster
2144:Chelmsford
2124:Chelmsford
1963:James Eyre
1789:John Scott
1783:1799–1838
1758:John Scott
1752:1821–1838
1721:1807–1827
1694:1801–1806
1670:1793–1799
1659:1788–1793
1632:1787–1788
1607:1799–1801
1360:6 November
1329:6 November
1203:Quoted in
1186:Quoted in
1157:John Wade,
1026:References
1019:Lord Eldon
1013:, and the
1010:Lord Eldon
942:17 Ves 320
885:Palmerston
760:, London.
628:, fell to
616:he wrote,
535:George III
440:His wife,
400:Background
395:Early life
348:Alma mater
295:1838-01-14
275:1751-06-04
181:George III
111:George III
2394:Lidington
2337:2003–2007
2259:Caldecote
2189:Herschell
2179:Herschell
2154:Hatherley
2139:Cranworth
2119:Cranworth
2088:Cottenham
2083:Lyndhurst
2078:Cottenham
2072:Bosanquet
2057:Lyndhurst
2047:Lyndhurst
1911:Hardwicke
1052:Rigg 1897
950:19 Ves 88
866:year 1688
829:John Wade
657:George IV
585:Addington
442:Elizabeth
412:Education
304:, England
283:, England
185:George IV
166:In office
98:In office
2404:Buckland
2379:Grayling
2364:Falconer
2344:Falconer
2324:Falconer
2289:Gardiner
2284:Dilhorne
2199:Loreburn
2194:Halsbury
2184:Halsbury
2174:Halsbury
2169:Selborne
2159:Selborne
2134:Westbury
2129:Campbell
2099:Shadwell
2095:Langdale
2068:Shadwell
2052:Brougham
1941:Bathurst
1881:Harcourt
1071:30 April
891:See also
634:Goderich
527:Sheridan
175:Monarchs
79:, c.1826
2429:Mahmood
2279:Kilmuir
2274:Simonds
2254:Maugham
2229:Haldane
2204:Haldane
2037:Erskine
1956:Thurlow
1946:Thurlow
1622:Unknown
1575:Hansard
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511:Weobley
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1886:Cowper
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854:Potter
850:Gibson
842:Burnet
771:Legacy
736:London
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302:London
195:Regent
2424:Chalk
2414:Lewis
2399:Gauke
2389:Truss
2369:Straw
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1362:2015
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1073:2016
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268:Born
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