Thomas Erpingham - Knowledge (XXG)

631: 1139:—in proportion to the number of men-at-arms present, the number of English archers was high. Because of the authority his seniority would carry, Erpingham was given command of the archers. The men-at-arms were positioned fours ranks deep in the centre of the gap between the two woods. Most of the archers were positioned on the flanks of the men-at-arms, but a few archers were placed amongst them, and 200 were hidden in a clearing in the Tramecourt woods, close to the French lines. Each archer had a stake, double-pointed and 6 feet (1.8 m) long, which was planted deep into the ground and—according to an eye-witness account—"sloping towards the enemy higher than a man's waist above the ground". The stakes gave protection against a charge by the French cavalry. 701: 56: 1143:... the King of England, who had appointed a knight called Sir Thomas Erpingham to place his archers in front in two wings, trusted entirely to him, and Sir Thomas, to do his part, exhorted every one to do well in the name of the king, begging them to fight vigorously against the French in order to secure and save their own lives. And thus the knight, who rode with two others only in front of the battalion, seeing that the hour was come, for all things were well arranged, threw up a baton which he held in his hand, saying " Nestrocq," which was the signal for attack; then dismounted and joined the king, who was also on foot in the midst of his men, with his banner before him. 403: 1185: 1450:. According to the Shakespearean scholar Thomas M. Cranfill, Erpingham plays a "considerable, affecting role". Just after the beginning of Scene 1, Erpingham enters and is acknowledged by the King. As the old man departs, Henry replies (probably out of Erpingham's hearing), "God-a-mercy, old heart! thou speak'st cheerfully", a line, as historian Lawrence Danson writes, "poised at gratitude and irony, admiration and desperation": Later in the same scene, Erpingham re-enters to inform the King that his nobles are looking for him, and in a simple line conveys the burden of being a ruler. Erpingham is a counterpart to the character of 1324: 1227:, the archers abandoned their bows and attacked the flanks of the mass of the French with any weapons to hand. This, and their failing position to their front, caused the French to break, and many were cut down or captured by pursuing English archers and men-at-arms. Not all the French had engaged in the fighting and only the vanguard had been defeated. When much of the main French battle were destroyed by the English men-at-arms and the re-armed archers firing into them, the largely leaderless French army withdrew from the field, except for a group of 600 men who were killed or captured when they charged the English. 525: 1037: 1278: 991:. Monmouth had replaced Erpingham as warden of the Cinque Ports in 1409, but relationships between the two men remained good, and after the coronation on 9 April 1413, Erpingham was appointed steward of the household, a post he held until at least 1415. After Henry IV's reign, which had been marked by banditry and rioting, Henry V acted quickly to restore law and order throughout the country. This was achieved within a year. Henry's administrators—Erpingham included—were unusually talented, and order was maintained in England throughout his reign. 1399: 904: 1209:

archers to start firing into the French flanks. The French plan was to use mounted men-at-arms to overcome the English archers, leaving the battles and the men in the wings to attack their heavily outnumbered English counterparts. This plan failed when the cavalry were halted by the storm of arrow fire and the stakes planted by the archers; their retreat was disrupted by the advancing French foot soldiers. The chaos that ensued allowed the English men-at-arms to penetrate the French battles.

1300:, manors sometimes being held in joint possession with his neighbours or relatives. Curry lists over 40 manors he held during his life, some permanently: three were inherited from his father, such as the manor at Erpingham; seven came to him during the 1370s and 1380s; eight manors were given to him in 1399 by Henry IV and a further seven were acquired that year by other means; another seven were acquired during the 1400s; and he purchased twelve manors from 1410 to 1421. He also lost the 791: 1338:, sometime before 1389; Erpingham was widowed in 1404. His second marriage was to Joan Walton, the daughter of Sir Richard Walton, and widow of Sir John Howard, who died in 1409 or 1410. Joan died in 1425. Evidence that Erpingham was twice married comes in part from a window opposite the chantry of Norwich Cathedral, which once displayed him and his two wives, as well as church records, which state he was buried with both of his wives. Both marriages were childless. 1293:, with his land going down to the river. The house was acquired from Sir Robert Berney in 1409. Known variously as 'Berney's Inn', 'the Erpingham' or 'Calthorpe's House', it was only accurately located in 1981. No remains survive, although it was a major source of employment for the local area during the time that it was occupied by Erpingham. It was inherited by his niece. In the 17th century, the house and its associated land was subdivided and built upon. 5022: 4986: 1221:

when they reached the English. Those killed or knocked down at the front hindered others behind them, causing men to pile up. The immobilised French were killed where they stood, the English suffering far fewer casualties. Any of the French attempting to retreat were blocked by their advancing comrades; if they tried to move to the flanks they were targets for the English archers. At this stage in the

4998: 895:. Supposedly, Erpingham was spared from persecution by the Church because he was favoured by Henry IV, and so merely paid a fine, which financed the construction of the Erpingham Gate. The historian Veronica Sekules considers it unlikely that Erpingham supported Wycliffe, and suggests that if he had such a dispute with the Church, it was more likely over Erpingham's arrest of Despenser. 1002:, Edward had a claim to the French throne. In November 1414, Henry launched a campaign to recover Aquitaine and France. It was an effective way of establishing his authority as king at the start of his reign. Strategic planning for the expedition in February 1415 involved discussions with Erpingham and other soldiers in Henry's inner circle, part of what the historian 5010: 1513:. The number of indentured retainers was probably never large. Most were expected to fight, in return for payment and compensation of costs, the lord receiving a share of the profits the retainer gained. The relationship was stable and strictly binding—obligations were rarely relaxed, and the allegiance was usually for life. A personal and voluntary 766:, the ambush was devised by Northumberland and carried out by his men, led by Erpingham. When Richard saw armed men everywhere, Northumberland's plans were revealed to him, and: "As he spoke, Erpingham came up with all the people of the Earl, his trumpets sounding aloud." Taken to London under armed guard and kept under Erpingham's custody in the 1091:, and at 60 was one of the oldest men present. Although having never experienced a pitched battle before, he had taken part in lesser actions and, as noted by Curry, was "undoubtedly one of the most experienced soldiers present" at Agincourt. He is not mentioned in any contemporaneous English versions of the battle, but three French chroniclers, 4974: 927:

and his position in the centre of government, Erpingham held a prominent position in East Anglian society; he was named to every commission of the peace in Norfolk during the reign of Henry IV. During the 1400s, Erpingham's authority in north Norfolk was extended to other parts of the county and into

781:

after Henry's accession, a post which made him the head of the royal household with overall responsibility for the arrangement of Henry's domestic affairs, and which he held until 1404. His appointment as lord warden and constable involved the command of a garrison at the castle, and gave Erpingham a

389:

left legacies to all the friars of Norwich. He was buried near the south door of Erpingham church. Sir John de Erpingham succeeded his father Robert, but did not survive him long, dying later that same year on 1 August 1370. He was buried in the church at Erpingham in the east end of the south aisle.

1521:

by both parties. Most contracts stated that the indentured man could be summoned at any time; in the case of the Duke of Lancaster's contracts for instance, his retainers were to serve “wherever he will”, i.e. overseas. A freedom existed in their choice of each other, which served to ensure that the

1208:

When the English advanced with a great shout, the French responded by beginning their own advance, each army moving roughly the same distance. The English paused and the main body of archers replanted their stakes. They then began to continuously discharge their arrows, which signalled the concealed

1176:

After the French army failed to attack, Erpingham was ordered to warn the army that it was about to advance to within bowshot of the French. He threw his baton upwards as a signal to advance, and commanded "Now strike!". Erpingham's strong Norfolk accent may have caused the French to mishear him, as

974:

At Despenser's hearing in London, Erpingham was publicly congratulated by the King for his loyalty to the Crown. Despenser was forced to accept Henry's authority and publicly rebuked; he was later pardoned. Henry awarded the city a new charter, and Norwich showed its gratitude by showering Erpingham

879:

Despite the military nature of the office of constable of Dover, Erpingham took little part in the warfare of the early years of Henry IV's reign, and he generally remained at court. He campaigned in Scotland in August 1400, when Henry made a futile attempt to make the Scots acknowledge him as king

1571:

of February to June 1388, the Appellants orchestrated a period of bloodletting against the King's courtiers, which Richard, deprived of his authority to rule for a year, was powerless to oppose. By May 1389 the alliance the Appellants had made was fractured and Richard had regained power; over the

388:

His grandfather died in 1370, after 8 March but before 1 August, the date of death of the father of Thomas. On 8 March 1370 at Erpingham, Sir Robert de Erpingham and his son Sir John, both signed their names and left seals on a charter of an inescutcheon between eight martlets. In his will, Robert

1482:

and his white hair—in contrast with that of the youthful looking Henry and his courtiers—Branagh includes Erpingham to good effect in the court scenes set in England, as well as during the battle and its aftermath. The character is given a more central (if largely silent) role by Branagh, without

1220:

was the most important part of the battle. Once the men-at-arms in the two armies engaged, the English archers fired into the flanks of the French. Evidence suggests the English vanguard, led by York, who was killed, bore most of the fighting. Advancing through deep mud, the French were exhausted

661:

between the two men. During the five months before 16 September, the day the trial was due to take place, Bolingbroke travelled throughout England on a tour of the Lancastrian lands. Richard stopped the contest as it was about to begin and banished Bolingbroke from the kingdom for ten years, and

560:. Erpingham, one of the most trusted and experienced of Lancaster's men, belonged to what the historian Douglas Biggs describes as "the 'adult' portion of Henry's force"—older men who were probably sent by Lancaster to guide and protect his son. The "crusade" resulted in an unsuccessful siege of 846:

Art thou the traitor Erpingham? Thou art more false than I am or ever was; and thou liest, false knight as though art . . . thou utterest thy false spleen like a false and disloyal traitor; for by thee, and by the false traitor, the Earl of Rutland, the noble knighthood of England is destroyed.

677:

Erpingham was one of 17 named companions who volunteered to accompany Henry Bolingbroke into exile. He entrusted his lands and property to Sir Robert Berney and others. The party headed for Paris, where they were welcomed by Charles VI and presented with lavish gifts. Following the death of his

476:

agreed to release the funds needed for Lancaster to lead a Castilian campaign. Lancaster's royal status gave him a prominence in affairs of state that created tension between him and Richard, and the cost of the Castilian campaign was seen by the King's advisers as a price worth paying for the

1365:

From 1417, Erpingham seems to have retired and lived out his remaining years in Norfolk, having relinquished his position as steward that May. King Henry died in 1422, after which Erpingham had no further contact with the court. He died on 27 June 1428, and was buried on the north side of the

311:

On becoming king in 1413, Henry IV's son Henry of Monmouth appointed Erpingham as steward of the royal household. Henry IV's reign had been marked by lawlessness, but Henry V and his administrators proved to be unusually talented, and within twelve months law and order had been re-established

229:, and whose military career spanned four decades. After the Lancastrian usurpation of the English throne in 1399, his career in their service was transformed as he rose to national prominence, and through his access to royal patronage he acquired great wealth and influence. 689:, probably at the end of June 1399. Whilst Bolingbroke was gaining support for his cause to restore his rightful inheritance of the Duchy of Lancaster as he moved across northern and central England, Richard was delayed in Ireland. He eventually found ships to cross the 1458:

contrasting with the much larger part given to Falstaff. Henry emphasises the knight's old age and marks him apart by consistently referring him by his full name, and the character is used to accentuate the connection between old age and goodness.

521:, half way through the tournament, Erpingham was struck violently on his shield by his opponent, and was knocked off his horse. Stunned by the blow, he managed to recover and continue the joust, "to the satisfaction of the king and his lords". 360:

in 1316 and Erpingham and Wickmere in 1346. Sir Robert represented Norfolk in Parliaments during the 1330s and 1340s. In 1350, Sir Robert and his son Sir John de Erpingham both witnessed a deed of feoffment by Nicholas de Snyterle, rector of

448:

is unknown, but he is likely to have been at least 21. In June 1380 he was named as 'Sir Thomas' in an order of payment made by Lancaster, the earliest known date at which his knighthood is referred to. The payment, provided by the ducal

504:

joined with Lancaster in March 1387, but because of a lack of food for their animals, and the successful defensive tactics employed by the Castilians, their campaign was abandoned after six weeks. In 1388, Erpingham participated before

1349:

to become a member of Henry IV's personal household; William's brother John held a similar position at the court of Henry of Monmouth. The brothers remained closely attached to their uncle. William and Erpingham were often recorded as

3857: 376:

in Conisford Lane, now King Street. Thomas, who would have known the house, was possibly born there. The identity of Erpingham's mother is not mentioned by his biographers. In September 1368 he may have travelled with his father to

1478:, used the character more often and in, according to Curry, in a way that was "notably more inventive" than Olivier and showed more of an awareness of Erpingham's place in history. Identifiable in both films by his distinctive 1508:

Indentured retainers first appeared in England at the end of the 13th century. There were three distinct types: resident household attendants; men bound by written indenture; and those who accepted fees and wore their lord's

678:

father on 3 February 1399, Bolingbroke's inheritance was confiscated by Richard, and his banishment was increased by the King to life. On 17 June 1399, Erpingham witnessed a secret pact made in Paris between Bolingbroke and

3449: 1585:

in Norfolk, when Gaunt marched with Richard II's army to Scotland in 1385. Erpingham appointed Berney as the deputy constable of Dover Castle in 1400. Berney remained there until he was replaced by Sir Andrew Butler in

1406:

Erpingham was a benefactor to the city of Norwich. In 1420 he had built the cathedral gate which bears his name, opposite the west door of Norwich Cathedral leading into Cathedral Close. He funded the rebuilding of the

3517: 4462: 335:

Erpingham married twice, but both marriages were childless. He was a benefactor to the city of Norwich, where he had built the main cathedral gate which bears his name. He died on 27 June 1428, and was buried in

457:, was for a considerable annual income of £20—it has been estimated that during the 15th century only 12,000 households in England had an income of between £10 and £300. Erpingham was with Lancaster during the 1422:. The window contained eight panes, containing dedications to 107 noblemen or knights who died without producing an heir since the reign of Edward III. The building was demolished in 1547 after the priory was 418: 1362:. The family's fortunes improved still further when Henry of Monmouth became king, although John died at Harfleur in 1415. His brother was knighted on the eve of the coronation and later fought at Agincourt. 441:, with whom Salisbury had recently served. Indentured retainers gave their allegiance for life in a personal written contract—conditions of service and payment were agreed, and these were rarely relaxed. 871:

was authorised to negotiate a permanent peace settlement between the French and the English. A mission led by Erpingham went to Paris the following month, and were lavishly entertained by members of the

923:

Sir Thomas Erpingham was one of Henry IVs closest associates, and after 1399, influence in Norfolk shifted from Despenser to Erpingham and his friends. Due to his local connections, his links with the

1247:

and 22 knights—and 900 archers who garrisoned the town over the winter. The seniority of the men-at-arms was a reflection of how important it was to Henry that the town was not lost to the French.

975:

with lavish gifts "for bearing his word to the King for the honour of the city and for having his counsel". The city authorities cooperated with him as an important member of Henry's inner circle.

623:

in the summer of 1381. He had a part in supervising the defence of Norfolk in 1385, when a French invasion seemed imminent. In 1396 Lancaster granted him the legal right to use the land within the

3412:"Former Dominican Friary (Blackfriars) Norwich: St Andrew's Hall and Blackfriars' Hall, The Crypt, the south range, the East Garth and east cloister walk, the West Garth, and west boundary wall" 273: 4497: 1304:

of some of his lands, a common occurrence at the time when manors were awarded 'for life'; the hundred, which included his home village, was lost in 1398, when King Richard gave to

3693: 3505: 851:

Henry rewarded Erpingham with the custody for life of a house called 'le Newe Inne' in London. The following year, Erpingham was appointed as guardian of the King's second son,

630: 2344: 838:(the disparaging term given to a large group of noblemen, many of whom had received titles from Richard). Erpingham supervised the execution of two of the leading rebels, 1408: 5054: 971:

for actively supporting the rebels; at Erpingham's suggestion, Norwich petitioned Henry with charges against Despenser, which were presented to the King by Erpingham.

3165: 1415:

in 1413. Today it forms part of the most complete friary surviving in England. The west tower of St. Mary's Church, in the village of Erpingham, was paid for by him.

828:

during the procession to the abbey. He was one of 11 men who petitioned Henry in person to have Richard killed. He was a commander in the army that suppressed the

5069: 4190: 940:

became controller of Prince Henry's household in 1403. Other beneficiaries of Erpingham's friendship included Sir Ralph Shelton, John Payn, and John Raynes of

5074: 4372: 1312:

with their villeinages etc. there and in all other towns in Norfolk sometime of Robert Erpingham knight". In 1407 Berney helped Erpingham to buy the manor at

1785: 1581:

Berney, who lived at Gunton, was Erpingham's neighbour in North Norfolk. They fought together in the retinue of John of Gaunt, and were discharged from the

1547:

against five men close to the King, with the aim of bringing them to trial. Gloucester, Arundel and Warwick were later joined by Henry Bolingbroke and

4864: 1532: 4142: 682:, the brother of Charles VI, stating that as allies they would support each other against each other's enemies—the kings of England and France excepted. 469: 5059: 852: 285: 1296:

Erpingham's connections with the Lancastrians and his increasing wealth led to his acquisition of lands, rents and services in Norfolk, Suffolk and

964: 666:

from arising, but chroniclers (writing after Henry IV's accession) considered Richard's decision an act of revenge. Bolingbroke, as one of the five

1638: 755: 708: 700: 3415: 4922: 4888: 4016:

Chronicles of England, France, Spain, and the Adjoining Countries, from the Latter Part of the Reign of Edward II to the Coronation of Henry IV

1548: 1540: 654: 642: 422: 5079: 4655: 4631: 4605: 4582: 4556: 4532: 4491: 4341: 4315: 4281: 4118: 4043: 3988: 3851: 3827: 3764: 3668: 3642: 3597: 1617: 1536: 571:

Erpingham was with Bolingbroke when he returned unnecessarily to Prussia in July 1392—a peace was being made in Lithuania between its ruler,

1517:

was involved, conditions were agreed, and the payment of an annual fee was specified, the terms being written in two identical copies, and

3679: 4937: 2180: 736: 458: 414: 1841: 1824: 1807: 928:

Suffolk. Gentry from East Anglia who were associated with Erpingham benefited from his powerful position at court: Sir John Strange of

1544: 1341:

Erpingham had a profound influence on the careers of the two sons of his sister Julian, who married Sir William Phelip (or Philip) of

825: 579:, and the crusaders who had supported Vytautas had already left. Bolingbroke and his reduced retinue journeyed through Europe and the 568:

women and children, who were then converted to Christianity. It is not known if Erpingham was present with Bolingbroke at the siege.

1346: 968: 662:

exiled Mowbray for life. Those assembled were told that the trial had been stopped to avoid dishonouring the loser and to prevent a

305: 202: 113: 55: 45: 615:

as a "disparate collection” that lacked coherence or a single identity. Erpingham rose to become the most important of Lancaster's

572: 4720: 4676: 4641: 4403: 3717: 3307: 842:

and Sir Benedict Kely. As Blount watched his own bowels being burnt before him, he cursed Erpingham for being a "false traitor":

434: 245: 2336: 1184: 619:

in the region. He was appointed to a commission of peace, and given powers to preserve order in Norfolk in the aftermath of the

524: 402: 4944: 4845: 4353:"Proceedings, 1921. Includes accounts of Elsing Hall, Melton Constable Hall, Aylsham church, Felbrigg Hall, and Blickling Hall" 1556: 1112: 774: 5064: 1659:

Other interpretations of his command are "Now stretch", "knee stretch" or "I do know what". The command is variously written

1423: 4645: 4287: 3994: 1945: 1748: 1390:. Erpingham specified that "all my armour and the harness of my person to be delivered up to the Holy Trinity in Norwich". 1323: 1100: 1036: 3161: 556:. The expedition was abandoned when Charles VI refused him permission to travel through France. Bolingbroke then went on a 4964: 1883: 1243:, embarked from Calais on 16 November and returned to England. Erpingham was among 300 men-at arms—which included four 770:, Richard was given no option by Bolingbroke and his representatives—including Erpingham—but to relinquish the throne. 4053: 3841: 1135:

protected by the woods of Tramecourt and Azincourt, the army consisted of 5,000 archers and 800 dismounted

1006:

describes as the King's "strong infrastructure and amply supply of manpower". Erpingham was indentured to serve as a

679: 4442: 4352: 3905: 3795: 2176: 1181:". He then dismounted and moved with his banner to join the King, where he remained during the rest of the battle. 596: 4251: 4093: 3958: 1250:

On his return to England, Erpingham's reward for the services he rendered had during the war included the farm of

782:

position in the King's council when strategic matters were discussed; as constable, he was paid over £300 a year.

4763: 4393: 1777: 1367: 1308:, third wife of the Duke of Lancaster, "the manors of Erpingham and Wyckmere, and of all lands, rents, services, 1168: 839: 804: 728: 624: 955:

The principal citizens of Norwich had become disillusioned with Richard II's policies, the city having lost its

693:, and reached Wales by around 24 July. Realising the strength of the threat posed by his rival, he deserted his 4709: 4665: 4303: 4267: 4129: 1634: 1120: 1096: 565: 289: 253: 1277: 1072:, shadowed by the French, who forced them to divert away from the coast. The English successfully forded the 739:. At Berkeley, York deserted the King's cause and joined Bolingbroke. Shortly afterwards, Erpingham arrested 4878: 4518: 3513: 1560: 994:

Henry's great-grandfather Edward III had lost Aquitaine in 1337 when it was confiscated from the English by

382: 1595:

According to a contemporary French chronicle, translated by Benjamin Williams in 1846, the men included an

932:

became controller of the royal household in 1408; Sir Robert Gurney of Gunton became Erpingham's deputy at

1612:

of some of the knights of the Garter created before 1415, including that of Erpingham, can be seen in the

1418:

In 1419, Erpingham paid for the east chancel window of the church of St. Austin's Friary in Norwich to be

5026: 4671:"John [John of Gaunt], duke of Aquitaine and duke of Lancaster, styled king of Castile and León" 1265:. In July 1416, in his capacity as the steward of the royal household, he travelled back to Calais with 704: 514: 473: 438: 1398: 1269:, the bishop of Norwich. There they welcomed the Duke of Burgundy, before his meeting with King Henry. 1193: 903: 743:, bishop of Norwich and one of the few remaining supporters of Richard prepared to resist Bolingbroke. 657:, after Mowbray had attempted to ambush and kill Lancaster, and which the King ordered be settled by a 4757: 4546: 3632: 1285:

When staying in Norwich, Erpingham and his family and servants lived in a large house located between

5049: 5044: 3411: 1613: 1568: 1470:. Erpingham first appears near the end of the film, during the night before the battle of Agincourt. 557: 506: 272:, after his lands had been forfeited by Richard. Bolingbroke rewarded Erpingham by appointing him as 4808:"The Erpingham House, Saint Martin's at Palace, Norwich, the city residence of Sir Thomas Erpingham" 4868: 4566: 3681:

Three armies in Britain: the Irish campaign of Richard II and the usurpation of Henry IV, 1397–1399

1582: 1475: 1467: 1435: 1189: 1088: 1031: 999: 995: 856: 799: 638: 620: 616: 541: 329: 264:. Erpingham accompanied Bolingbroke into exile in October 1398, and was with him when he landed at 222: 4481: 1555:

the Appellants—named after the Appeal of Treason—decided to act against the King's favourite

5002: 4954: 4434: 4243: 4235: 4085: 3950: 3897: 3787: 1609: 1375: 1305: 1131:

On 25 October, the day of the battle, the English army was in position by dawn. With both of its

1104: 1060:, a landing point likely to have been decided on beforehand. Erpingham's men were present during 1041: 924: 762:, but during the journey his party was ambushed and he was taken prisoner. According to a French 740: 501: 465: 297: 293: 226: 218: 214: 88: 4858: – 'Educating people about the story of Sir Thomas Erpingham' at the village of 790: 4884: 4849: 4827: 4786: 4767: 4733: 4689: 4651: 4627: 4601: 4578: 4552: 4528: 4487: 4468: 4426: 4364: 4337: 4311: 4277: 4227: 4182: 4114: 4077: 4039: 4020: 3984: 3942: 3847: 3823: 3760: 3756:

The King, the Crown, and the Duchy of Lancaster: Public Authority and Private Power, 1399–1461

3730: 3685: 3664: 3638: 3616: 3593: 2172: 1446: 1328: 1286: 1132: 1061: 1027: 984: 868: 821: 533: 337: 269: 107: 4392: 1378:, "inherited his substantial possessions in Norfolk". Dated 25 March 1427, the will contains 1068:

and presided over the truce that led to its surrender. The English army then marched towards

967:

had been executed for his part in the Epiphany Rising. Erpingham attempted to have Despenser

4978: 4912: 4819: 4725: 4681: 4219: 4174: 4069: 3974: 3934: 3889: 3722: 1531:

The Lords Appellant were five nobles who rebelled against Richard II. In November 1387, the

1463: 1419: 1335: 937: 778: 417:

in 1372 and was with Suffolk in France the following year. In 1379 he was serving under the

277: 1949: 1752: 1681: 1522:

relationship was, according to the historian N.B. Lewis, “congenial enough to be enduring”

1471: 1262: 1103:, all give detailed descriptions of his role in the battle. The three main divisions (or ' 1007: 988: 912: 881: 829: 809: 767: 759: 720: 667: 658: 537: 497: 317: 281: 4759:

A Collection of the Chronicles and Ancient Histories of Great Britain, now called England

1859:

Sir Thomas Erpingham K.G. (1357-1428): A Knight In The Service Of The House Of Lancaster.

1722:

Sir Thomas Erpingham K.G. (1357-1428): A Knight In The Service Of The House Of Lancaster.

536:

and went into his service. In 1390 he was with Bolingbroke's retinue when it crossed the

5014: 4990: 4873: 4753: 4542: 4388: 4010: 1685: 1621: 1440: 1240: 1148: 1092: 1065: 949: 873: 518: 356:, England. His grandfather, Sir Robert de Erpingham was recorded as holding Erpingham 5038: 4780: 4247: 4137: 3628: 1518: 1451: 1266: 1018:

where they obtained provisions, consisted of two knights, 17 squires and 60 archers.

888: 485: 4624: