253:
2069:
59:
2041:
521:
1315:
425:
2081:
577:
and is twice the value of the longitudinal stress which occurs along the length of the cylinder. The precise value depends only on the wall thickness and the internal pressure. His work was published in the
Proceedings of the Royal Society and was of great help in analysing failures in steam boilers
538:. His report on the collapse of a mill at Oldham showed the poor design methods used by architects when specifying cast iron girders for supporting heavily loaded floors, for example. In another report, he condemned the use of trussed cast iron girders, and advised
512:, where a single large diameter shell was replaced by multiple smaller, and less stressed, shells. Eventually this would lead to the near-universal adoption of water-tube boilers with small tubes for high pressures, replacing the older fire-tube designs.
1448:
557:
Fairbairn conducted some of the first serious studies of the effects of repeated loading of wrought and cast iron girders, showing that fracture could occur by crack growth from incipient defects, a problem now known as
582:, which quickly became recognised as setting national standards for high-pressure steam boilers. As the "Associated Offices Technical Committee" of British insurers the MSUA remains a national certification authority.
2161:
382:
at
Manchester in 1830. The difficulties which were encountered in the construction of iron ships in an inland town like Manchester led to the removal of this branch of the business to
2176:
2186:
1434:
429:
631:
2181:
87:
391:
2044:
2019:
1967:
1457:
1408:
601:
2191:
2141:
140:
2171:
664:
1441:
579:
550:
in 1846. The bridge collapsed in May 1847, killing 5 people who were passengers on the local train passing over the structure at the time. The
2166:
2121:
1071:
647:
608:
887:
1803:
1382:
933:
908:
504:
This knowledge of how hoop stress increased with diameter, and how stresses were independent of drum length led to his invention of the
194:
2196:
2131:
896:
31:
2126:
2116:
1161:
1055:
1024:
823:
Experiments to determine the effect of impact, vibratory action, and long continued changes of load on wrought iron girders, (1864)
654:
530:
Fairbairn was one of the first engineers to conduct systematic investigations of failures of structures, including the collapse of
986:
The
Fouling and Corrosion of Iron Ships: Their Causes and Means of Prevention, with Mode of Application to the Existing Iron-Clads
2156:
1666:
1225:
449:
284:
2136:
873:
1289:
295:, he retained both Fairbairn and Hodgkinson as consultants. It was Fairbairn who conceived the idea of a rectangular tube or
265:
554:
raised concerns about the integrity of many other railway bridges already built or about to be built on the rail network.
441:
2059:
2146:
1629:
1319:
2111:
1624:
1378:
1078:
591:
170:
64:
49:
913:
501:. When a cylindrical boiler failed, it usually fractured along its length owing to the high hoop stress in the wall.
241:
327:. The tube bridge ultimately proved far too costly a concept for widespread use owing to the sheer mass and cost of
1329:
1700:
1521:
1512:
273:
505:
315:
and at the site of the bridge, showing how such a tube should be constructed. The design was first used in
1107:
1983:
1714:
1655:
2073:
1735:
1613:
1601:
1583:
1560:
962:
760:
714:
445:
984:
569:
He also conducted experiments on pressurized cylinders of glass and was able to show that the highest
2151:
2106:
2101:
1988:
1891:
1730:
1695:
1619:
1607:
1589:
1577:
1554:
1418:
625:
413:
364:
363:. Perceiving a ship as a floating tubular beam, he criticised existing design standards dictated by
316:
257:
401:
and other vessels for the
British Government, and many others, introducing iron shipbuilding on the
377:
233:
1834:
1767:
640:
551:
524:
498:
332:
252:
221:
182:
1082:
17:
1863:
1811:
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1566:
1342:
1197:
1182:
716:
Two
Lectures: The Construction of Boilers, and on Boiler Explosions, with the means of prevention
618:
559:
395:
312:
128:
1426:
1263:
1047:
1041:
408:
Fairbairn drew on his experience with the construction of iron-hulled ships when designing the
1886:
1775:
1722:
1371:
1157:
1130:
Complete list of the members and officers of the
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1051:
1020:
892:
658:
539:
462:
288:
225:
190:
186:
2085:
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570:
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409:
324:
280:
269:
58:
1998:
1793:
1783:
1751:
1650:
1634:
1503:
1486:
444:. By 1862 the company had constructed more than 400 at Millwall for companies such as the
206:
109:
1128:
1759:
1660:
1644:
1595:
1571:
563:
562:. He built large-scale testing apparatus for the studies, and was partly funded by the
452:. However, as the works had no rail access, any locomotives had to be shipped by road.
374:
178:
1219:
667:. The number of people present at his funeral was estimated at from 50,000 to 70,000.
291:, the son of his youthful friend George, was trying to develop a way of crossing the
2095:
1934:
1874:
1740:
471:
467:
1857:
1825:
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1532:
531:
520:
509:
479:
402:
360:
328:
292:
237:
1249:
849:
831:
806:
788:
770:
742:
724:
695:
677:
1993:
1687:
1671:
1527:
663:
Fairbairn is one of several notable engineers to be buried in the churchyard of
574:
494:
304:
386:, London in 1834–35. Here Fairbairn constructed over eighty vessels, including
2003:
1234:
356:
308:
296:
229:
217:
214:
82:
635:
348:
78:
74:
1314:
697:
An
Account of the Construction of the Britannia and Conway Tubular Bridges
483:
383:
300:
175:
240:. In 1817, he launched his mill-machinery business with James Lillie as
1549:
614:
547:
166:
46:
352:
344:
335:
which used some of the ideas he had developed in the tubular bridge.
210:
424:
493:
He experimented with glass cylinders and was able to show that the
283:. They designed, for example, the bridge over Water Street for the
519:
487:
475:
437:
423:
320:
251:
213:, Fairbairn showed an early mechanical aptitude and served as an
744:
On the
Application of Cast and Wrought Iron to Building Purposes
371:
277:
1430:
1043:
Engineering
Catastrophes: Causes and Effects of Major Accidents
597:
President of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1854–1855.
1019:. Boston, Massachusetts: Butterworth Heinemann. p. 793.
542:
not to use the concept in a bridge then being built over the
436:
Fairbairn began building railway locomotives in 1839 with an
772:
Iron, Its History, Properties, and Processes of Manufacture
573:
in the wall occurs around the diameter. It is known as the
989:. Chronology of Iron Ships. London: London Drawing Assoc.
851:
The Principles of Mechanism and Machinery of Transmission
825:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
833:
Treatise on Iron Ship Building: Its History and Progress
621:), 2 November 1869; he had declined a knighthood in 1861
405:. In 1848 he retired from this branch of his business.
682:. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green. 1831
2057:
632:
Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland
2162:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1046:(2 ed.). Cambridge, England: Woodhead. p.
836:(1st ed.). London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1865
2012:
1976:
1957:
1906:
1680:
1496:
1473:
1466:
146:
136:
117:
95:
41:
1229:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
1218:
88:British Association for the Advancement of Science
331:needed. Fairbairn himself developed wrought iron
351:, Fairbairn diversified into the manufacture of
264:Fairbairn was a lifelong learner and joined the
2177:People educated at Kelso High School, Scotland
1459:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1002:A biographical dictionary of railway engineers
30:For other people named William Fairbairn, see
2187:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1442:
1409:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1290:"Life of Sir William Fairbairn Chapter XXIII"
602:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
163:Sir William Fairbairn, 1st Baronet of Ardwick
8:
884:William Fairbairn: The Experimental Engineer
287:, which opened in 1830. In the 1840s, when
2182:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame inductees
811:. London: Longmans, Green and Company. 1871
793:. London: Longmans, Green and Company. 1863
1470:
1449:
1435:
1427:
1325:
630:Conferred with Honorary Membership of the
174:(19 February 1789 – 18 August 1874) was a
57:
38:
1220:"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
775:. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black. 1861
957:
955:
875:The Life of Sir William Fairbairn, Bart.
747:(1st ed.). London: John Weale. 1854
466:in 1844. In 1861, at the request of the
2064:
1364:Professional and academic associations
1269:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1264:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter F"
1226:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
925:
854:. Philadelphia: Henry Carey Baird. 1871
808:Treatise on Mills and Millwork, Part II
268:in 1830. In the 1820s and 30s, he and
27:Scottish civil engineer and shipbuilder
790:Treatise on Mills and Millwork, Part I
185:and shipbuilder. In 1854 he succeeded
1799:Prof. Thomas Bertram Lonsdale Webster
1015:Channing, John; Ridley, John (2003).
648:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
609:Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
486:and showing that a static load of 12
193:to become the third president of the
7:
1887:Prof. Donald Stephen Lowell Cardwell
1004:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
888:Railway and Canal Historical Society
2192:19th-century British businesspeople
2142:People from Kelso, Scottish Borders
1383:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
983:Young, C.F.T. (1867). "Chapter 3".
909:Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company
580:Manchester Steam Users' Association
482:cylinder 3,000,000 times before it
470:, he conducted early research into
195:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
1081:. 18 November 2004. Archived from
729:. London: W. Clowes and Sons. 1851
578:and pipes. In 1854 he founded the
323:, and followed by the much larger
272:conducted a search for an optimal
242:Fairbairn and Lillie Engine Makers
73:On the strength and properties of
32:William Fairbairn (disambiguation)
25:
18:Sir William Fairbairn, 1st Baronet
655:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame
2079:
2067:
2040:
2039:
1760:Prof. Sir William Lawrence Bragg
1330:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1313:
762:Useful Information for Engineers
607:Elected in February 1860 to the
450:London and North Western Railway
299:to bridge the large gap between
285:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
2027:Who's Who of Greater Manchester
1736:Prof. Sir Henry Alexander Miers
1186:. 8 October 1869. p. 5446.
934:"William Fairbairn (1789–1874)"
646:Foreign Honorary Member of the
490:was needed for such an effect.
392:Peninsular and Oriental Company
370:Fairbairn and Lillie built the
2172:19th-century British engineers
1816:Sir Peter Percy F. R. Venables
1731:Prof. Sir Grafton Elliot Smith
1696:Prof. Sir William Boyd Dawkins
1156:. Thomas Telford. p. 65.
594:elected 1850 (Gold Medal 1860)
430:Companhia Central e Peninsular
266:Institution of Civil Engineers
224:where he befriended the young
69:Observations of the Cold blast
1:
1752:Rev. Aloysius Laurence Cortie
1133:. Manchester. 1896. p. 9
940:. Public Catalogue Foundation
442:Manchester and Bolton Railway
307:. He conducted many tests on
2167:Fellows of the Royal Society
2122:British structural engineers
1854:Anthony Edmund Rivers Goulty
1812:Prof. Sir Geoffrey Jefferson
1784:Prof. Douglas Rayner Hartree
1776:Prof. Reginald William James
1715:Prof. Frederick Ernest Weiss
1630:Robert Dukinfield Darbishire
1250:UK public library membership
914:McConnel & Kennedy Mills
1625:William Crawford Williamson
1079:Health and Safety Executive
1072:"Steam boiler examinations"
713:Fairbairn, William (1851).
679:Remarks on Canal Navigation
665:St Mary's Church, Prestwich
592:Fellow of the Royal Society
474:, raising and lowering a 3
65:Benjamin Rawlinson Faulkner
2213:
1935:Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick
1931:Prof. Kenneth M. Letherman
1875:Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick
1858:Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson
1826:Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson
1804:Dr Eric John Francis James
700:. London: John Weale. 1849
497:in the wall was twice the
29:
2197:Scottish company founders
2132:Engineers from Manchester
2035:
1896:Prof. Alexander Donnachie
1789:Prof. Herbert John Fleure
1768:Prof. Bernard Mouat Jones
1723:Prof. Sydney John Hickson
1651:Prof. Sir Arthur Schuster
1415:
1405:
1399:
1389:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1340:
1335:
1328:
765:. London: Longmans. 1856.
726:On Tubular Girder Bridges
56:
2127:Scottish civil engineers
2117:British naval architects
1764:Charles Edmond Stromeyer
1746:Prof. Harold Baily Dixon
1706:Prof. Harold Baily Dixon
1701:Sir William Henry Bailey
1620:Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe
1040:Lancaster, John (2000).
460:Fairbairn developed the
428:Locomotive CP 02049 (Ex
2157:Ships built in Millwall
2021:Memoirs and Proceedings
1892:Dr Edward Fletcher Cass
1851:Dr Edward Noah Abrahart
1661:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1645:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1596:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1572:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1198:"Sir William Fairbairn"
1000:Marshall, John (1978).
390:of 1,250 tons, for the
256:The western end of the
2137:Shipbuilding in London
1871:Dr Lionel J. R. Postle
1845:Dr George N. Burkhardt
1152:Watson, Garth (1989).
882:Richard Byrom (2017).
527:
433:
261:
1880:Dr Brian S. H. Rarity
1848:Dr George James Kynch
1794:Prof. Michael Polanyi
1688:Prof. Sir Horace Lamb
1672:Prof. Sir Horace Lamb
1614:Edward William Binney
1602:Edward William Binney
1584:Edward William Binney
1567:Dr Robert Angus Smith
1561:Edward William Binney
1546:Sir William Fairbairn
1235:10.1093/ref:odnb/9067
1108:"Presidents' gallery"
878:, (ed. W. Pole, 1877)
523:
446:Great Western Railway
427:
414:Conwy Railway Bridges
255:
43:Sir William Fairbairn
1839:Horace Hayhurst (II)
1780:Robert Henry Clayton
1741:Thomas Alfred Coward
1608:James Prescott Joule
1590:James Prescott Joule
1578:James Prescott Joule
1555:James Prescott Joule
1419:James Prescott Joule
1322:at Wikimedia Commons
626:Manchester Town Hall
258:Conwy Railway Bridge
232:in 1813 to work for
67:, in the foreground
2147:Royal Medal winners
1964:Honorary Membership
1835:Margaret Pilkington
1808:Horace Hayhurst (I)
1667:James Cosmo Melvill
641:British Association
624:A statue stands in
552:Dee Bridge disaster
525:Dee bridge disaster
499:longitudinal stress
420:Railway locomotives
347:industry fell into
222:Newcastle upon Tyne
183:structural engineer
150:Structural ironwork
86:, presented at the
2112:Fairbairn baronets
1943:Dr Susan R. Hilton
1940:Dr Diana M. Leitch
1928:David J. Higginson
1925:Mary, Lady Mallick
1922:Vivienne Blackburn
1916:Angus G. D. Yeaman
1864:Harry M. Fairhurst
1756:Herbert Levinstein
1504:Dr Thomas Percival
1487:Dr Thomas Percival
1183:The London Gazette
653:Inducted into the
528:
434:
262:
260:next to the castle
248:Structural studies
129:Moor Park, Farnham
77:obtained from the
2055:
2054:
1953:
1952:
1913:Iain E. Gillespie
1883:Philip G. Livesey
1719:Francis Nicholson
1425:
1424:
1416:Succeeded by
1407:President of the
1390:Succeeded by
1372:Robert Stephenson
1354:Succeeded by
1320:William Fairbairn
1318:Media related to
1248:(Subscription or
963:"Past Presidents"
639:President of the
600:President of the
540:Robert Stephenson
536:boiler explosions
510:five-tube boilers
463:Lancashire boiler
365:Lloyd's of London
313:Millwall shipyard
289:Robert Stephenson
226:George Stephenson
191:Robert Stephenson
187:George Stephenson
160:
159:
156:Lancashire Boiler
16:(Redirected from
2204:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2042:
1919:Keith D. Buckley
1640:Osborne Reynolds
1538:Eaton Hodgkinson
1480:Peter Mainwaring
1471:
1460:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1428:
1400:Preceded by
1393:Joseph Whitworth
1369:Preceded by
1357:Thomas Fairbairn
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738:
736:
734:
720:
709:
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705:
691:
689:
687:
506:Fairbairn-Beeley
410:Britannia Bridge
325:Britannia Bridge
270:Eaton Hodgkinson
173:
124:
106:19 February 1789
105:
103:
61:
39:
21:
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2008:
1972:
1949:
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1868:David G. Wilson
1727:William Thomson
1676:
1635:Balfour Stewart
1533:Dr Edward Holme
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1395:
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1288:Pole, William.
1287:
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1154:The Smeatonians
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1088:on 31 July 2008
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868:Further reading
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99:
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71:, referring to
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1497:19th Century
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2102:1789 births
1946:Ian Cameron
1822:C. E. Young
1656:Henry Wilde
1528:John Dalton
1295:9 September
1240:25 November
1203:9 September
1178:"No. 23544"
604:(1855–1859)
575:hoop stress
495:hoop stress
379:Lord Dundas
357:locomotives
305:North Wales
209:to a local
154:Locomotives
137:Nationality
2096:Categories
2004:Manchester
1772:John Allan
1542:John Moore
1467:Presidents
1402:John Moore
1387:1854–1855
1351:1869–1874
1252:required.)
920:References
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432:(CCeP) 14)
309:prototypes
297:box girder
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112:, Scotland
102:1789-02-19
83:Cold blast
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1092:7 January
544:river Dee
484:fractured
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359:and into
349:recession
343:When the
131:, England
75:cast iron
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1977:Lectures
1413:1855–59
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903:See also
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508:and his
448:and the
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301:Anglesey
205:Born in
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1137:7 March
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586:Honours
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355:for
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