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shortage of ships due to wartime losses, whereas in reality, the total tonnage of the
British merchant fleet in 1919 was only 700,000 gross tons less than it had been in 1913, while the worldwide merchant fleet had actually increased. Many ships were still operating on government wartime contracts far from their normal commercial trading routes, reducing the number available to service the civilian trade. From March 1919, the government began deregulating the shipping market as it released ships from its service. In May 1919, the British government lowered the excess profit duty from 80 to 40 per cent. These factors in combination with post-war optimism lead to vastly inflated ship values to create a boom which lasted until the late spring of 1920.
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expand, establishing the Oakwin
Shipping Co. Ltd in 1920 with capital of £100,000. In 1926, its ships were transferred to the St Just Steamship Company. As a result of this transfer of assets, the Oakwin became the largest shareholder in the St Just. Expansion still continued, with the Unity Shipping & Trading Co. Ltd being created in September 1921 with capital of £30,000 to operate only one ship, the
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Shipping Co and the remainder transferred to the St Just
Steamship Co. In response to what had been his most disastrous maritime venture, Reardon Smith offered as compensation one share from his personal shareholding in the financially sound St Just Steamship Co Ltd for every three Cornborough shares. In December 1923, the offer, which was worth £48,000, was accepted by the Cornborough shareholders.
474:, of a department which would provide training for boys between the ages of 13 and 16 whose ambitions were set upon a career at sea. By the end of March 1921, he had collected the considerable sum of £18,000. As a result, on 3 October of that year, the Smith Junior Nautical School accepted its first cadets. Four years later, he acquired a large yacht, the
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up. Following her delivery in March 1906, she was placed in the traditional exporting of coal and transporting back grain under the command of his brother John Smith with John's son Harry serving as second mate. Under
Reardon Smith's careful management, she was profitable from the start with the first two voyages giving a return of 8% per share.
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from Napier & Miller. While the former had four-cylinder
Doxford engines, the latter had six-cylinder engines from Harland & Wolff/Burmeister & Wain. While both vessels gave very satisfactory service, the Doxford engines proved to be superior, leading to the building of seven more Doxford
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Wartime losses were initially replaced in 1919 when seven ships were acquired from the
Swansea-based Letricheux & David Co and then in 1920–1921 by nine German vessels surrendered as war reparations which were purchased for £468,000. Immediately following the end of the war, there was a perceived
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was blown ashore at
Nanjizal, not far from Land's End, in a ferocious gale on 12 March 1912. All 27 of the crew were saved. While staying at a hotel in St Just, as he assessed the wreck, Reardon Smith became aware that the area was a potential source of investors as there was still much wealth in the
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In 1916, the Instow
Steamship Co Ltd was merged with the St Just Steamship Co Ltd in 1916 and the name was disestablished. In the early years of the war his fleet continued to expand, with ships ordered just prior to the war being delivered in 1915. However, as the war continued and it became almost
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Reardon Smith followed the common practice of the time in
Cardiff of expanding his fleet by floating separate public companies in which his privately owned W. R. Smith would take a share. This allowed him to tap new sources of capital while also reducing the liability. The first such company was the
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In 1905, together with his son Willie, he founded his own company, W. R. Smith & Sons Ltd, based in
Cardiff. W. R. Smith & Son operated from 1905 to 1909 before being succeeded by W. R. Smith & Sons between 1909 and 1922, and then finally Sir W. R. Smith & Sons Ltd from 1923 onwards.
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from Ropner & Son. To pay for her, he floated the Bradford Steamship Co Ltd in 1910 with a nominal capital of £33,250. The company's name and that of the later Leeds Shipping Co Ltd was in reference to the many investors that Reardon Smith had signed up for his previous public company and hoped
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from Ropner & Son at Stockton-on-Tees. Despite a large mortgage from the builder, Reardon Smith struggled to raise sufficient capital to pay for her. However, after the Holman family from Topsham in Devon showed their faith in him by buying a large number of shares the remainder were soon taken
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By 1921 the good times were over, with shipowners chasing maritime trade that had decreased by 20 per cent since 1913. The resulting shipping recession was to run almost to the outbreak of the Second World War. Despite the grim economic outlook, Reardon Smith misjudged the market and continued to
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This boom resulted in a massive increase from 1919 onwards, when 88 shipping company prospectuses were issued at Cardiff, fuelled by the belief that the freight rates which had been inflated by wartime requirements would continue indefinitely. Reardon Smith was not immune to such a belief, and in
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A major purchase was that of eight ships of the London and Northern Steamship Co Ltd in early 1917. Although he had to pay a high price it was still worthwhile for as long as the war continued and in the immediate period afterwards the price of ships continued to increase. During the war, Reardon
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As a result of the collapse of freight rates, both the Leeds and Cornborough had financial problems which led to the Cornborough collapsing in 1923 with liabilities of over £400,000, and yet its eight ships only had a combined value of £190,000. Two ships were sold, two transferred to the Oakwin
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and served as the museum's treasurer (1925–1928) and president (1928–1932). During his involvement with the museum, he transformed the museum's poor finances and oversaw the completion of museum's east wing in Cardiff. As a result, the east wing's new lecture theatre was named the Reardon Smith
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Reardon Smith had a great sentimental attachment to his birthplace of Appledore. Up until the Second World War, all of the working boats and lifeboats for the company's new ships were built by long-established Appledore boat builders. Once finished, the boats were rowed on the flood tide up the
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Reardon Smith died peacefully in his eightieth year after a short illness on the evening of 23 December 1935 at his home, Cornborough in Cardiff, surrounded by his family. In his will he left over £200,000. By the time of Reardon Smith's death in 1935, his various business interests owned
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To reduce costs, the downturn gave a stimulus to innovation, and in particular to use of the marine diesel engine. Despite British tramp owners being notoriously distrustful of foreign-designed machinery, Reardon Smith eventually ordered two motor ships and had delivered in 1928 the
221:'s examination in Plymouth on 6 June 1879 and being sufficiently trusted by Hogarth to superintend the building of three of his ships. For his last four years at sea, Reardon Smith forsook Hogarth for the Cardiff-based Anning Brothers who had Devon connections and lastly
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In the late 1920s, in response to the continued deterioration in maritime trade, Reardon Smith began to reduce the size of his fleet, with seventeen of the older ships eventually being sold. He did, however, purchase some replacements including four
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August 1919 floated the Leeds Shipping Company, followed in October by the Cornborough Shipping Line, both with a massive nominal capital of £400,000. While both companies were well subscribed, both had to pay very high prices to acquire ships.
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Reardon Smith married Ellen Hamlyn (1857 – 9 August 1939), the daughter of Thomas Pickard Hamlyn, on 16 May 1880. They had five children: Lillian "Lily" Nellie Smith, Gertrude "Gertie" Smith, Elizabeth Hamlyn Smith, Grace Hamlyn Smith,
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was selling baronetcies for £15,000 and Cardiff had the reputation of being the "city of dreadful knights", there is no conclusive evidence that Reardon Smith paid for his. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son, Willie.
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Lecture Theatre in his honour in 1932. Between 1915 and 1935, he and his wife Ellen donated approximately £50,000 to the museum. In addition to his personal donations, he also worked tirelessly to raise funds from elsewhere.
150:, the youngest son of Thomas Reardon Smith, a sailing ship captain, and his wife Elizabeth (née Green; died January 1906). After her husband and eldest son Philip Green Smith were lost at sea when the schooner
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In 1921, Reardon Smith also established the Reardon Smith Line with capital of £1,000. It was renamed the Reardon Smith Navigation Co Ltd in May 1928 following the renaming of the St Just Steamship Co Ltd.
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Reardon Smith's companies prospered, and by the outbreak of the First World War he owned nine tramp steamers, divided amongst five companies, with all engaged in the exporting of coal from south Wales.
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area inherited from the fortunes made from Cornish mining. As a result, in 1912 he established the St Just Steamship Co Ltd, with capital of £90,000. The venture was well-supported. As the name
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In the latter part of his life, Reardon Smith gave generously to hospitals in Bideford and Cardiff. Other donations were made to the Exeter University and the National Library of Wales.
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twenty-eight ships. In addition to his direct business interests, Reardon Smith had also served at various times on the boards of numerous maritime related organisations and businesses.
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In 1913, Reardon Smith established the Great City Steamship Co Ltd with capital of £60,000, which was subsequently amalgamated with the St Just Steamship Company in 1917 and wound up.
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Once settled in Cardiff, he entered into a partnership with William Seager, a Cardiff ship's chandler, to establish the Tempus Shipping Co Ltd, which then ordered their first ship the
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By 1922, the fleet had increased to 39 vessels trading worldwide and operated by six Reardon Smith companies, which made it the largest Cardiff shipping company.
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sank off the coast of South Wales in October 1859, his mother was forced to bring up her surviving eight children alone on her income as a dressmaker.
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impossible to order new ships, Reardon Smith purchased second-hand vessels to continue his expansion and to replace his losses due to enemy action
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In June 1923, Reardon Smith established Reardon Smith (Union of South Africa) Ltd with capital of £250,000. In 1926, he was a founding member of
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In 1932, Reardon Smith was made a member of the Worshipful Company of Shipwrights (which brought with it the Freedom of the City of London).
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Early in 1921, Reardon Smith launched an appeal amongst his fellow shipowners at Cardiff to fund the establishment, initially within
378:, which had been purchased from Greek shipowner C. D. Calafatis. When this was sold in 1929 to C. Lemos, the company was wound up.
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In 1928, Reardon Smith established a pension fund for his seagoing staff employees and later extended it to cover all employees.
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to continue to attract from Yorkshire. The company was subsequently amalgamated with the St Just Steamship Co Ltd in 1917.
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He left the sea in December 1900 and joined his wife Ellen, who had recently relocated the family home from Appledore to
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Instow Steamship Co Ltd, created in 1905 with a proposed capital of £32,800. The company's first ship was
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owned by Glasgow-based Hugh Hogarth in 1878. He remained with Hogarth for eighteen years, passing his
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As a result of his philanthropy, Reardon Smith was made a freeman of the city of Cardiff. He was
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and then taken from the water and transported by rail to the shipyard constructing the new ship.
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In 1916, Reardon Smith bought the Coniston Water Steamship Co Ltd and its only vessel the
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as a cabin boy and served from August to December 1870. He then moved to the 37-ton sloop
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had already been bestowed on a second-hand purchase, the company's first ship was called
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by the age of 20 (after passing his examination on 11 August 1876) and then later became
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Fenton, Roy (October 2018), "Reardon Smith: Forging a Reputation in Cardiff Shipping",
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in recognition of shipping services during the First World War. Although, at the time,
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From Ship's Cook to Baronet: Sir William Reardon Smith's Life in Shipping, 1856-1935
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511:(26 May 1887 – 24 November 1950) and Douglas Smith (10 April 1894 – 6 June 1961).
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Reardon Smith went to sea at the age of 12, joining the crew of the 32-ton wooden
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134:(7 August 1856 – 23 December 1935) was an English shipowner and philanthropist.
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Smith was able to acquire a total of twelve more ships, but ten were lost.
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diesel-engined motor ships before the outbreak of the Second World War.
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as well as carrying railway lines to the US and copper ore from Chile.
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651:"House flag, Sir William Reardon Smith & Sons (AAA0340)"
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Among the sailing and steam ships he commanded were the
691:"Shipmates: Reardon Smith Seafarer's Newsletter No.37"
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862:(Supplement). 4 June 1920. p. 6314.
832:"Sir William Reardon Smith (1856-1935)"
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890:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
132:Sir William Reardon Smith, 1st Baronet
394:Honourable Company of Master Mariners
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696:. Reardon Smith Ships. December 2005
27:English shipowner and philanthropist
620:"Sir William Reardon Smith, 1st Bt"
306:built in 1908 by Ropner & Son.
180:in Spring 1871, the 38-ton polacca
995:English businesspeople in shipping
225:, who had been born in Appledore.
157:Reardon Smith was educated at the
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240:(November 1894 to October 1896),
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309:In August 1909, he ordered the
298:Instow's second vessel was the
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252:(June 1899 to February 1900).
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18:Sir William Smith, 1st Baronet
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990:People from Torridge District
412:from William Doxford and the
427:Reardon Smith was buried in
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236:(June 1890 to April 1892),
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125:Shipowner, philanthropist
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36:Sir William Reardon Smith
793:Jenkins, pages 88 to 89.
659:National Maritime Museum
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886:Jenkins, David (2011).
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962:William Reardon Smith
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759:"Reardon Smith Line"
740:, Guðmundur Helgason
509:Willie Reardon Smith
926:Reardon Smith Ships
910:, 24 December 1935.
523:of Glamorganshire.
451:, Cardiff City Hall
921:Reardon Smith Line
859:The London Gazette
820:Jenkins, page 132.
761:. Allen Collection
655:Collections Online
640:Jenkins, page 159.
490:was sold in 1932.
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872:Jenkins, page 95.
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402:motor ships
204:second mate
189:Ocean Pearl
185:Joe Abraham
165:Sea service
114:Nationality
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956:1920–1935
904:Obituary,
880:References
664:23 January
488:Margherita
486:meant the
476:Margherita
328:Devon City
300:Leeds City
265:House flag
246:Lady Lewis
208:first mate
182:brigantine
138:Early life
74:1856-08-07
907:The Times
737:uboat.net
558:Footnotes
414:West Lynn
410:East Lynn
242:Starcross
178:Seraphina
144:Appledore
88:, England
82:Appledore
462:Bideford
361:Post-war
159:Wesleyan
55:Bust by
948:Baronet
602:: 46–50
530:in the
528:baronet
515:Honours
433:Cardiff
273:Cardiff
250:Shandon
210:of the
117:British
108:, Wales
106:Cardiff
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546:Legacy
376:Meropi
280:Tempus
212:barque
152:Hazard
694:(PDF)
193:Scout
174:Unity
171:sloop
148:Devon
86:Devon
892:ISBN
840:2018
767:2018
746:2022
702:2018
666:2009
628:2018
317:The
94:Died
68:Born
460:to
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215:May
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