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Gabal Al–Dakrour, to eat together, sing chants while thanking God, and reconcile with one another; all Siwi houses co-operate in preparing and cooking food, in this day Siwian people eat fattah (rice, toasted bread and meat), after Dohr prayer (12:00 PM) all Siwian youth gather to set the banquet, nobody is allowed to eat before the caller announces to start eating so they can all eat together, the women stay behind in the village, and celebrate with dancing, singing, and drums. The food for the festival is bought collectively, with funds gathered by the oasis' mosques, celebrations last for 3 Qamari days, and in the early morning of the fourth day, siwian men form a big march, while holding flags and singing spiritual songs. The march starts from Gabal El – Dakrour and ends in Sidi
Solayman square – in the center of Siwa – declaring ending of festivals, and beginning of a new year without hatred or grudge, and with love, respect and reconciliation.
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Siwans were still living inside their walled town, none of these bachelors was allowed to spend the night in the town and had to sleep outside the gates...Under such circumstances it is not surprising that homosexuality was common among them....Up to the year CE.1928, it was not unusual that some kind of written agreement, which was sometimes called a marriage contract, was made between two males; but since the visit of King Fu'ad to this oasis it has been completely forbidden...However, such agreements continued, but in great secrecy, and without the actual writing, until the end of World War II. Now the practice is not followed."
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of their fights arise from homosexual competition....Prominent men lend their sons to each other. All Siwans know the matings which have taken place among their sheiks and their sheiks' sons....Most of the boys used in sodomy are between 12 and 18 years of age." After an expedition to Siwa, the archaeologist Count Byron de Prorok reported in CE.1937 "an enthusiasm could not have been approached even in Sodom... Homosexuality was not merely rampant, it was raging...Every dancer had his boyfriend... chiefs had harems of boys".
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1864:(CE.2001), the tribal council demanded that he blank out the material in the current edition of the book and remove it from future editions, or be expelled from the community. Malim reluctantly agreed and physically deleted the passages in the first edition of his book, and excluded them from the second. A newer book,
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explored the Oasis in CE.1900 and reported that pederastic relations were common and often extended to a form of marriage: "The feast of marrying a boy was celebrated with great pomp, and the money paid for a boy sometimes amounted to fifteen pounds, while the money paid for a woman was a little over
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As a result of this isolation, Siwis developed a unique natural culture manifested in its crafts of basketry, pottery, silverwork and embroidery and in its style of dress. The most visible and celebrated examples of this were the bridal silver and the ensemble of silver ornaments and beads that women
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The traditional culture of Siwa shows many unique elements, some reflecting its longstanding links with the isolated Oasis life and the fact that the inhabitants are Siwi
Berbers. Until a tarmac road was built to the Mediterranean coast in the CE.1980s Siwa's only links with the outside world were by
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who urged the archaeologists to stop their research in Egypt and sent a Greek
Embassy advisor to ask the Egyptian government to withdraw Mrs Souvaltzi’s permission to excavate in the area. This was the first time in human history that one country's government intervened in another country's internal
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Despite the multiplicity of sources for these practices, the
Egyptian authorities and even the Siwan tribal elders have attempted to repress the historical and anthropological record. When the Siwa-born anthropologist Fathi Malim included reference to Siwan homosexuality (especially a love poem from
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that the Siwan women were "badly neglected", but that Siwan men "will kill each other for boy. Never for a woman", although as
Maugham noted, marriage to a boy had become illegal by then. The Egyptian archaeologist Ahmed Fakhry, who studied Siwa for three decades, observed in CE.1973 that "While the
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In CE.1937, the anthropologist Walter Cline wrote the first detailed ethnography of the Siwans in which he noted: "All normal Siwan men and boys practice sodomy...among themselves the natives are not ashamed of this; they talk about it as openly as they talk about love of women, and many if not most
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The Siyaha
Festival (Eid El Solh–Eid El Hasad), in honour of the town's traditional patron saint Sidi Sulayman, is unique to Siwa (the name is often misunderstood as a reference to "tourism", but in fact predates tourism). It is known that on this occasion Siwi men meet on a mountain near the town,
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from which it hung over the breast. A girl would give up the disc at a special ceremony in the spring the day she was married. The jewelry, which was made by local silversmiths, consisted of silver necklaces, earrings, bangles, hair ornaments, pendants, and many rings. For a wealthy woman, the full
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Farr, Tom G.; Rosen, Paul A.; Caro, Edward; Crippen, Robert; Duren, Riley; Hensley, Scott; Kobrick, Michael; Paller, Mimi; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Roth, Ladislav; Seal, David; Shaffer, Scott; Shimada, Joanne; Umland, Jeffrey; Werner, Marian; Oskin, Michael; Burbank, Douglas; Alsdorf, Douglas (19 May
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The arrival of the road and of television exposed the oasis to the styles and fashions of the outside world and the traditional silver ornaments were gradually replaced by jewelry made of gold. Evidence of the old styles and traditions are however still in evidence in the women's embroidery and
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Bedouins, the
Bedouin relations with Siwans were traditionally mediated through a system of "friendship", whereby a specific Siwan (and his descendants) would be the friend of a specific Bedouin (and his descendants). The Bedouin would stay at the Siwan's house when he came to Siwa, and would
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Other local historic sites of interest include the remains of the oracle temple; the Gebel al Mawta (the
Mountain of the Dead), a Roman-era necropolis featuring dozens of rock-cut tombs; and "Cleopatra's Bath", an antique natural spring. The fragmentary remains of the oracle temple, with some
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Women have traditionally played a prominent role in Siwan households, often being in charge of a household's financial decisions. They have also been responsible for raising children; the town's deputy mayor said in CE.1985, "If our children speak Siwi, it to our womenfolk that they owe it."
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one pound." Mahmud
Mohammad Abd Allah, writing of Siwan customs for the Harvard Peabody Museum in CE.1917, commented that although Siwan men could take up to four wives, "Siwan customs allow a man but one boy to whom he is bound by a stringent code of obligations."
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sunrise alignments over the
Aghurmi mound/Amun Oracle when viewed from Timasirayn temple in the Western Desert, 12 km away across Lake Siwa. The first known recent public viewing of this event occurred on March 21, CE.2014 during the spring Equinox.
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footprint was discovered in CE.2007 at Siwa Oasis. Egyptian scientists claimed it could be 2–3 million years old, which would make it the oldest fossilized hominid footprint ever found. However, no proof of this conjecture was ever presented.
64:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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across North Africa designed to promote good health, fertility and to protect the wearer from misfortune. Some of the same signs and patterns are found on the embroidery which embellishes women's dresses, trousers, and shawls.
615:ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ (soouh) – a corruption of Egyptian word for "oasis", ⲟⲩⲁϩ (ouoh). The additional evidence of the Egyptian source of Siwa's name is another place name in Kharga Oasis that may share the same etymology –
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An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary : with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol. II
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arduous camel tracks through the desert. These were used to export dates and olives, bring trade goods, or carry pilgrims on the route which linked the Maghreb to Cairo and hence to Mecca.
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1758:,"the Big Eid"). Unlike other Egyptians, however, on Eid al-Adha Siwis cook the skin of the sheep (along with its innards) as a festival delicacy, after removing the hair. They also eat
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reached the oasis, supposedly by following birds across the desert. The oracle, Alexander's court historians alleged, confirmed him as both a divine personage and the legitimate
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since ancient times, and today date palm cultivation is by far the largest component of its economy. In a distant second place, with about one-fifth of the scale as dates, is
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Siwa is of special interest to anthropologists and sociologists because of its historical acceptance of intergenerational male homosexuality and even rituals celebrating
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inscriptions dating from the 4th century BCE., lie within the ruins of Aghurmi. The revelations of the oracle fell into disrepute under the Roman occupation of Egypt.
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occupied the oasis, a tiny Egyptian puppet government-in-exile was set up at Siwa. The oasis makes a brief appearance as a base of the LRDG in the CE.1958 war film
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costume. The material for the "tarfutet", the distinctive all-enveloping shawl worn by women, are brought from outside the oasis, specifically from the town of
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Egyptian rule from distant Cairo was at first tenuous and marked by several revolts. Egypt began to assert firmer control after a CE.1928 visit to the Oasis by
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of Egypt, though Alexander's motives in making the excursion, following his founding of Alexandria, remain to some extent inscrutable and contested. During the
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was told, took the image here of a ram. Herodotus knew of a "fountain of the Sun" that ran coldest in the noontime heat. During his campaign to conquer the
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3870:""Pourquoi j'irais voir d'en haut ce que je connais déjà d'en bas?" Centralités et circulations : comprendre l'usage des espaces dans l'oasis de Siwa"
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has in recent decades become a vital source of income. Much attention has been given to creating hotels that use local materials and display local styles.
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settlers. Currently, the entire population of the oasis speaks Arabic as either a first or a second language. The Siwi Berber population is also fluent in
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L'Égypte sous les pharaons, ou recherches sur la géographie, la religion, la langue, les écritures et l'histoire de l'Égypte avant l'invasion de Cambyse
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But I am speaking to every Greek all over the world. I want every one of you to feel proud because Greek hands have found this very important monument.
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wore in abundance to weddings and other ceremonies. These pieces were decorated with symbols which related to Siwa's history and beliefs and attitudes.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1868:(CE.2005) by A. Dumairy, the Director of Siwa Antiquities, discreetly omits all mention of the famous historical practices of the inhabitants.
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plateau. The geology is characterised by horizontal layers of porous limestones alternated with marls and clays dating back to the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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by lighting torches, singing, and exchanging sweets. Adults' celebration was limited to the preparation of a large meal.
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3813:"De l'habitation aux pieds d'argile, Les vicissitudes des matériaux (et des techniques) de construction à Siwa (Égypte)"
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traveled to Siwa in the 15th century and described how the language spoken there 'is similar to the language of the
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in the lake of the oracle, contrary to local customs which prohibit public nudity. In CE.1942, while the Italian
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Stone block with visitors' inscriptions at the site of the Temple of Amun, Umm Ubeida, Siwa depression, Egypt
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2665:"Nubien, berbère et beja : Notes sur trois langues vernaculaires non arabes de l'Égypte contemporaine"
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2629:"Life on the Fringe: Living in the Southern Egyptian Deserts During the Roman and Early-Byzantine Periods"
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Alexander the Great called the son of Jupiter-Ammon by the priest at the oracle in the Siwa oasis. CE.1969
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3692:"The Source In The Sahara – Accumulating Evidence for the Saharan Origins of Ancient Egypt – Home / News"
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Siwa – Die Oase des Sonnengottes. Leben in einer ägyptischen Oase vom Mittelalter bis in die Gegenwart
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Pocket edition : éditions Payot, "Petite Bibliothèque Voyageurs", Paris, 1994. (see link below).
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Margaret Mary Vale, CE.2011, Sand and Silver: Jewellery, Costume and Life in Siwa Oasis, London:Kelim
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attested further west in the early Islamic period, while Ilahiane, following Chafik, links it to the
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Leguil, A. (1997). "SĪWA". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.).
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affairs to stop an archaeological excavation. The case is still active in the Greek courts of law.
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Ministry of Environment Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency – Natural Protectorates Description
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stayed at Siwa for a few months and gathered some followers there. Later, Siwa was a base of the
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in CE.1820, but the Egyptian representative in Siwa was assassinated in CE.1838. At some point,
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About 80 km (50 mi) in length and 20 km (12 mi) wide, Siwa Oasis is one of
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from CE.1915 to CE.1917. Meanwhile, in the spring of CE.1893, German explorer and photographer
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made contact with the oasis around the same time (7th century BCE.), and the oracle temple of
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community related to the Awlad Ali, the Shahibaat, as well as to a growing number of other
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Shali Mountain village, Ruins of the Old Siwa, Lake Aftnas, Pigeon Towers, oasis near Siwa.
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Corridor to the secret chamber above the sanctuary, Temple of Amun, Aghurmi, Siwa, Egypt
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Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 5
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ensemble could weigh as much as five or six kilos. These pieces are decorated with
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that reaches below sea level, to about −19 metres (−62 ft). To the west, the
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3023:"Climate Siwa – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table (altitude: −15m)"
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454:. It is the site of about 200 natural springs. Siwa is directly adjacent to the
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Temple of Amun in Siwa - Necropolis (CE.1890); by: Robecchi-Bricchetti, Luigi
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takes place on the Siwa Oasis. Siwa is prominently featured in the videogame
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Detail of the east wall of the Amun Temple, Umm Ubeida, Siwa depressen, Egypt
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3309:"Tourists drawn to hot springs, natural beauty of Egypt's remote Siwa Oasis"
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took photographs of the architecture of the town of Siwa, now stored at the
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in the oasis of Siwa. She made the following statement to the Greek media:
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In the late CE.1940s, a Siwan merchant told the visiting British novelist
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resulting from the oasis' erosion along the dunes create reliefs that the
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Artisanat et artisanat d'art dans les oasis du désert occidental égyptien
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Margaret Mary Vale, 2011, Sand and Silver, xiv, 32, 79–81, 87–99, 101–7.
2561:"Siwa Oasis climate info | what's the weather like in Siwa Oasis, Egypt"
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which belongs to North Africa Campaign. The fifth mission from the game
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Bedouin, settlers, and holiday-makers: Egypt's changing northwest coast
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This statement was an answer to the, at the time, Greek prime minister
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The first European to visit since Roman times was the English traveler
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is also below sea level. The depression is fertile due to both natural
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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3750:"Sniper Elite 3 Walkthrough Mission 5: Siwa Oasis – Kill the Officer"
3610:"How a historian claims to have unearthed Alexander the Great's tomb"
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3874:Égypte/Monde Arabe, Terrains d'Égypte, anthropologies contemporaines
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Can a Desert Oasis Lead the Way to Sustainable Eco-Tourism in Egypt?
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2852:, ed. Adolf Erman, Hermann Grapow. Vol. IV, p. 230; Vol. VI, p. 141
2470:"Siwa Oasis | Desert Oasis, Ancient Ruins, Salt Lakes | Britannica"
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Although the site is known to have been settled since at least the
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and 560 kilometres (350 mi) from the Egyptian capital city of
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Sand and Silver: Jewellery, Costume and Life in the Oasis of Siwa
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Rovero, L.; Tonietti, U.; Fratini, F.; Rescic, S. (1 July 2009).
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Arnold, Dieter; Strudwick, Helen; Strudwick, Nigel, eds. (2003),
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View through the Temple of the Oracle of Amun to Gebel el-Dakrour
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In late CE.2013, an announcement was made regarding the apparent
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3413:. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 41–43.
2497:"The salt architecture in Siwa oasis – Egypt (XII–XX centuries)"
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archaeologist Liana Souvaltzi announced that she had identified
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1880:'s most isolated settlements, with about 25,000 people, mostly
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modern Deir el-Hagar). Basset links it to a Berber tribal name
3863:(in French). Köln: Veröffentlichungen des Frobenius-Instituts.
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3668:. News.nationalgeographic.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from
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Battesti, Vincent (2006). Benfoughal, T.; Boulay, S. (eds.).
3368:. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Co. p. 43.
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The best known of these pieces is a huge silver disc called '
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stated that only Berbers lived there. The Egyptian historian
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http://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/StaticPages.aspx?page_id=7188
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Oasis Siwa: from the Inside. Traditions, customs, and magic
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Oasis Siwa: from the Inside. Traditions, customs, and magic
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581:. This name survived in the works of Muslim geographers as
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1902:), shares many linguistic features with the languages of
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rests in a similar depression and to the east, the large
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Girl wearing the traditional dress of Siwa grinding salt
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Temple of Amun, view to the north, Aghurmi, Siwa, Egypt
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exchange his animal products and grain for the Siwan's
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also took possession three times. German soldiers went
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Last standing wall at the Temple of Amun at Umm 'Ubeida
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worked at Siwa (and elsewhere in the Western Desert).
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Margaret Mary Vale, 2011, Sand and Silver, 71, 79–83.
3267:"Flying the flag for North Africa's 'Berber spring'"
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The Siwa Oasis is vast, extending beyond the horizon
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3666:"Oldest Human Footprints With Modern Anatomy Found"
1990:In the mid-CE.20th century, Egyptian archaeologist
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3868:Battesti, Vincent. Battesti, V.; Puig, N. (eds.).
2386:The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture
2121:Siwa Oasis, Qesm Siwah, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt
2064:and is the birthplace and home of the protagonist
3635:Reuters: Human footprint may be oldest ever found
3134:Margaret Mary Vale, 2011, Sand and Silver, 61–70.
887:meaning "remote"), was built on natural rock (an
607:The etymology of the word سيوة Siwah is unclear.
4796:Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
3596:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
3152:Margaret Mary Vale, 2011, Sand and Silver, p. 44
2840:, Allen Lane 1973/ Penguin 1986–2004, pp. 200–18
2747:Historical dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)
2360:Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
1925:While the majority of the population of Siwa is
3823:(1). Paris: Sociétés des Africanistes: 165–85.
3049:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1815:The hot springs are an attraction to visitors.
838:Siwa was also the site of some fighting during
707:, the earliest evidence of any connection with
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
1812:Siwa's Berbers are close to 30,000 in number.
82:accompanying your translation by providing an
48:Click for important translation instructions.
35:expand this article with text translated from
4613:
4430:
4025:
3334:. Leipsig: Velohgen and Klasing. p. 111.
2912:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE)
2886:, by Sofia Bompiani, London (1891); page 169.
592:Siwah is the Arabic name of the oasis called
8:
3971:Siwawi.com The guide for visiting Siwa Oasis
3910:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). p. 163.
3076:"Chilled Out in the Sahara (Published 2007)"
1773:Siwi children traditionally also celebrated
635:, one of whose symbols was the falcon. Some
582:
128:
3892:(in French). Paris: éditions Quai Voltaire.
2078:series, the ninth and eleventh instalments
1918:, and which has been heavily influenced by
904:Köppen-Geiger climate classification system
875:The ancient fortress of Siwa, known as the
4620:
4606:
4598:
4437:
4423:
4415:
4032:
4018:
4010:
3929:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3850:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3489:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3438:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3251:Donald Powell Cole, Soraya Altorki. 1998.
1897:
917:
774:, with an Arab minority; a century before
699:Siwa Oasis from space. January 23, CE.2023
659:Site of the Siwa Oasis in Egypt (top left)
505:
120:
3454:"Siwan anthropologist sparks controversy"
3143:Margaret Mary Vale, 2011, Sand and Silver
2450:
2145:Mud-brick houses in the old town of Shali
770:mentions it as being inhabited mainly by
573:transcribed the local Palaeo-Berber name
402:, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the
2795:Oxford companion to classical literature
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2241:Sand dunes in the desert near Siwa Oasis
2104:feature prominently the Oracle of Siwa.
864:136th Infantry Division Giovani Fascisti
694:
4761:Populated places in Matrouh Governorate
3398:. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 80.
2315:
2217:Desert rock formations on the outskirts
2111:
1662:
631:, a type of bird of prey, and hence to
340:
327:
319:
306:
284:
249:
215:
200:
136:
3922:
3843:
3482:
3431:
2745:Ilahiane, Hsain (2006), "Siwa Oasis",
2645:
2634:
2357:; Shubert, Steven Blake, eds. (1999),
377:
3986:Alain Blottière's Travel book on Siwa
3965:The Locally Run Website of Siwa Oasis
3456:. Cultural Survival. 14 November 2002
3332:Durch die Libysche Wuste Zur Amonoase
3230:. Al Katan / Dar al Kutub. pp. 38, 54
2098:series of seven novels starting with
2033:discovery of precise spring and fall
1738:Siwi people are very religious so on
1715:Silver disk and round necklace (torc)
639:referred to the site as "Ammonium".
332:
311:
294:
7:
3345:Allah, Abd (1917). "Siwan Customs".
3307:al-Naghy, Omar (24 September 2015).
3284:al-Naghy, Omar (29 September 2015).
2464:
2462:
1889:
854:(LRDG) was based here, but Rommel's
4005:Olive and Palm Groves in Siwa Oasis
3648:"Egypt footprint 'could be oldest'"
3569:"Siwa Oasis, Egypt – Lonely Planet"
3315:. CAIROaccess-date=. Archived from
2864:"Grammatical Contact In The Sahara"
2690:Champollion, Jean-François (1814).
2501:Construction and Building Materials
2193:Cleopatra's bath (Cleopatra's pool)
2090:feature Siwa. In Australian author
583:
369:
129:
3876:. 3e série (in French). Le Caire:
3074:Otterman, Sharon (18 March 2007).
2850:Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache
2046:Siwa Oasis is an official map for
1796:According to older members of the
921:Climate data for Siwa (1961–1990)
229:
14:
3529:According to 2016 CAPAMS census:
2918:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 686–9.
2734:, Paris: Ernest Leroux, p. 3
2513:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.003
2427:"The le Radar Topography Mission"
2305:List of cities and towns in Egypt
1976:are also of regional importance.
4691:
3265:Smith, Sylvia (31 August 2011).
3178:. Al Katan / Dar al Kutub. p. 34
3045:"Siwa Climate Normals 1961–1990"
2289:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2114:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1668:
1650:' and a round necklace, called '
883:being the name of the town, and
316:78 sq mi (201 km)
228:
221:
202:
180:
173:
162:
155:
144:
22:
3898:Cana, Frank Richardson (1911).
3383:. New York: Dutton. p. 64.
3379:De Prorok, Count Byron (1936).
2977:. Byebyenet.com. Archived from
2411:Deities in Ancient Egypt – Amun
2343:, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007
2003:the tomb of Alexander the Great
1657:symbols common to Berber people
410:. It is famed from its role in
1972:cultivation. Handicrafts like
1929:, the oasis is also home to a
1860:a man to a youth) in his book
92:You may also add the template
1:
3717:"Wolfenstein Enemy Territory"
2157:Clay houses of old Shali town
1675:Silver pendant with engraved
826:Ethnological Museum of Berlin
390:. It is situated between the
4786:Tourist attractions in Egypt
3915:Vale, Margaret Mary (2011).
3608:Greek News (30 March 2020).
2627:Kaper, Olaf (January 1998).
2606:Budge, E. A. Wallis (1920).
2133:Panoramic view of Siwa Oasis
2049:Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory
1964:Siwa has been noted for its
763:, meaning "Field of Trees".
462:. The limestone plateau and
414:as the home to an oracle of
3366:Notes on the People of Siwa
3330:Steindorff, George (1904).
3286:"Who are Egypt's Amazighs?"
2958:Siwa, viewed from the south
2884:Italian Explorers in Africa
2770:"Siwa Oasis | oasis, Egypt"
2694:. Bure Frères. p. 294.
2565:www.whatstheweatherlike.org
1781:Relations with the Bedouins
1730:, in the Giza Governorate.
1394:Average precipitation days
1180:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1040:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
600:. The oasis is also called
373:
334: • Estimate
105:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
4817:
4572:White Desert National Park
3977:Siwa Oasis – Extraordinary
3426:Oasis Siwa from the Inside
2946:Siwa, viewed from the east
2663:Miller, Catherine (1996).
1914:, partially also with the
1828:Siwan pederastic tradition
1785:Siwans are preferentially
1609:
920:
906:classifies its climate as
56:Machine translation, like
4700:
4689:
4633:
2169:Old walls near the temple
2061:Assassin's Creed: Origins
1793:in Siwa than Siwan ones.
1562:
1488:
1440:
1393:
1319:
1249:
1179:
1109:
1039:
969:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
818:fight against the British
795:Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti
250:
216:
201:
137:
37:the corresponding article
4577:Gilf Kebir National Park
3999:Siwa Oasis Photo Gallery
3829:10.4000/africanistes.197
3817:Journal des Africanistes
3696:thesourceinthesahara.com
2948:, by Hermann Burchardt;
2585:Gauthier, Henri (1928).
1839:The German egyptologist
766:In the CE.12th century,
4771:National parks of Egypt
4736:Berber populated places
4552:Wadi Degla Protectorate
4446:National Parks of Egypt
3907:Encyclopædia Britannica
3394:Maugham, Robin (1950).
3381:In Quest of Lost Worlds
3347:Harvard African Studies
3292:. CAIRO. Archived from
2774:Encyclopedia Britannica
1898:
1750:,"the Little Eid") and
852:Long Range Desert Group
797:, called this site the
470:describe as mountains (
434:The Oasis is in a deep
379:[ˈwæːħetˈsiːwæ]
118:Place in Matrouh, Egypt
103:For more guidance, see
4791:Western Desert (Egypt)
3958:29 August 2019 at the
3409:Fakhry, Ahmed (1973).
3364:Cline, Walter (1936).
2644:Cite journal requires
2535:"Siwa Oasis - Goparoo"
2011:
1961:
1639:
1638:Local vegetables store
1627:
910:(BWh), as the rest of
799:Oasis of Jupiter Ammon
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
561:name of the oasis was
448:flowing artesian wells
324:62 ft (19 m)
94:{{Translated|ar|سيوة}}
3939:"Western Desert Maps"
3859:Bliss, Frank (1998).
3836:Bliss, Frank (1998).
3506:"Siwa Oasis in Egypt"
3477:Siwa Past and Present
3424:Malim, Fathi (2001).
3296:on 19 September 2016.
3255:. Cairo: AUC. p. 143
2732:Le dialecte de Syouah
2730:Basset, René (1890),
2431:Reviews of Geophysics
2101:Seven Ancient Wonders
2007:
1956:
1866:Siwa Past and Present
1721:Art and local customs
1637:
1625:
806:Muhammad Ali of Egypt
791:William George Browne
698:
690:
682:
674:
666:
658:
650:
569:on the fringe" where
270:29.20528°N 25.51944°E
76:copyright attribution
4715:Ancient Egypt topics
3748:Lavoy, Bill (2015).
3475:Dumairy, A. (2005).
3161:Ahmed Fakhry. 1973.
2710:www.trismegistos.org
2452:10.1029/2005RG000183
2068:. In British author
1960:in the dunes of Siwa
970:Record high °C (°F)
804:Siwa was annexed by
705:10th millennium BCE.
4117:El Mahalla El Kubra
3991:14 May 2010 at the
3672:on 28 February 2009
3319:on 4 February 2017.
3226:Fathi Malim. 2001.
3174:Fathi Malim. 2001.
3165:, Cairo: AUC, p. 64
2981:on 22 February 2012
2834:Alexander the Great
2443:2007RvGeo..45.2004F
1703:Silver ear ornament
1664:Siwi Berber jewelry
1250:Record low °C (°F)
1110:Daily mean °C (°F)
745:Alexander the Great
604:in modern Berber.
266: /
193:Clockwise from top:
4049:1,000,000 and more
3880:. pp. 139–79.
3840:(in German). Bonn.
3614:greekcitytimes.com
3080:The New York Times
3025:. Climate-Data.org
3003:. lonelyplanet.com
2954:Siwa, western part
2950:Siwa, eastern part
2671:(27–28): 411–431.
2669:Égypte/Monde Arabe
2474:www.britannica.com
2363:, Routledge (UK),
2042:In popular culture
1962:
1941:, which is called
1640:
1628:
810:Muhammad al-Sanusi
701:
693:
685:
677:
669:
661:
653:
567:t̠ꜣ(j) n d̠rw "tꜣj
444:Qattara Depression
422:, after the major
404:Egypt–Libya border
392:Qattara Depression
313: • Total
275:29.20528; 25.51944
210:Qattara Depression
84:interlanguage link
4746:Classical oracles
4723:
4722:
4595:
4594:
4527:Saluga and Ghazal
4412:
4411:
3789:. 28 October 2017
3654:. 21 August 2007.
3510:joshuaproject.net
3504:Project, Joshua.
3055:on 3 October 2023
2962:Siwa, main street
2756:978-0-8108-5452-9
2396:978-1-86064-465-8
2370:978-0-415-18589-9
2205:Mosque at Aghurmi
2021:An extremely old
1834:same-sex marriage
1614:
1613:
1443:relative humidity
822:Hermann Burchardt
753:Ptolemaic Kingdom
719:was established.
637:classical authors
555:
554:
529:
528:
525:
524:
358:
357:
242:Location in Egypt
116:
115:
49:
45:
4808:
4781:Springs of Egypt
4766:Tourism in Egypt
4756:Berbers in Egypt
4695:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4599:
4512:Petrified Forest
4439:
4432:
4425:
4416:
4233:New Borg El Arab
4071:Shubra El Kheima
4034:
4027:
4020:
4011:
3942:
3934:
3928:
3920:
3911:
3903:
3893:
3886:Blottière, Alain
3881:
3864:
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3583:
3581:
3579:
3567:Planet, Lonely.
3564:
3558:
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3108:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3051:. Archived from
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
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2943:
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2932:
2917:
2906:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2831:
2825:
2812:
2806:
2793:Howatson, M.C.
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2677:10.4000/ema.1960
2660:
2654:
2653:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2507:(7): 2492–2503.
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2476:. 3 October 2023
2466:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2355:Bard, Kathryn A.
2351:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2299:
2294:
2293:
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2274:
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2250:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2070:Anthony Horowitz
2055:Sniper Elite III
2031:Archaeoastronomy
1901:
1891:
1841:Georg Steindorff
1712:
1700:
1688:
1672:
1397:
918:
869:Ice Cold in Alex
757:Ancient Egyptian
611:derives it from
586:
585:
559:Ancient Egyptian
506:
502:
498:
497:
488:temperate desert
440:al Jaghbub Oasis
420:Oasis of Amun-Ra
381:
376:
371:
281:
280:
278:
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208:Location within
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95:
89:
62:Google Translate
47:
43:
26:
25:
18:
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4811:
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4809:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4801:Cities in Egypt
4726:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4696:
4687:
4629:
4626:
4596:
4591:
4477:El Hassana Dome
4472:Ashtum El Gamil
4448:
4443:
4413:
4408:
4394:Sharm El Sheikh
4384:Saint Catherine
4262:
4161:100,000–299,999
4156:
4080:300,000–999,999
4075:
4044:
4041:Egyptian cities
4038:
3993:Wayback Machine
3960:Wayback Machine
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3937:
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3914:
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3787:Ziff Davis, LLC
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3637:20 August 2007.
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3598:, 1 March 2010.
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3396:Journey to Siwa
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1988:
1951:
1939:Egyptian Arabic
1874:
1830:
1821:
1783:
1736:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1704:
1701:
1692:
1689:
1680:
1673:
1620:
1615:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
901:
645:
535:
496:
432:
274:
272:
268:
265:
260:
257:
255:
253:
252:
246:
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
233:
212:
197:
195:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
178:
169:
168:
167:
160:
151:
150:
149:
133:
126:
119:
112:
111:
110:
93:
87:
50:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4814:
4812:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4751:Oases of Egypt
4748:
4743:
4741:Parks in Egypt
4738:
4728:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:Egyptian oases
4627:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Wadi El Assuti
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4218:Kafr El Sheikh
4215:
4213:Kafr El Dawwar
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:6th of October
4164:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3983:
3979:. Archived on
3974:
3968:
3962:
3948:
3947:External links
3945:
3944:
3943:
3935:
3912:
3895:
3882:
3865:
3856:
3833:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3768:
3740:
3708:
3683:
3657:
3639:
3627:
3600:
3585:
3559:
3534:
3522:
3496:
3467:
3445:
3416:
3401:
3386:
3371:
3356:
3337:
3322:
3299:
3276:
3257:
3244:
3232:
3219:
3198:
3196:Fakhry 1973:67
3189:
3180:
3167:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3066:
3036:
3014:
2992:
2966:
2938:
2924:
2888:
2876:
2854:
2842:
2838:Robin Lane Fox
2826:
2807:
2786:
2761:
2755:
2737:
2722:
2697:
2682:
2655:
2646:|journal=
2619:
2598:
2577:
2552:
2526:
2487:
2458:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2389:, I B Tauris,
2375:
2369:
2346:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2181:Siwa salt lake
2180:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2092:Matthew Reilly
2081:Scorpia Rising
2043:
2040:
2015:Costas Simitis
1987:
1984:
1950:
1947:
1873:
1870:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1782:
1779:
1735:
1732:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:sunshine hours
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
967:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
923:
922:
916:
900:
897:
860:skinny dipping
741:Persian Empire
644:
641:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
495:
492:
431:
428:
424:Egyptian deity
400:Western Desert
396:Great Sand Sea
356:
355:
345:
339:
338:
335:
331:
330:
326:
325:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
305:
304:
299:
293:
292:
287:
283:
282:
248:
247:
241:
235:
234:
227:
226:
220:
219:
218:
217:
214:
213:
207:
199:
198:
191:
179:
172:
171:
170:
161:
154:
153:
152:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
127:
124:
117:
114:
113:
109:
108:
101:
90:
68:
65:
54:
51:
44:(January 2022)
32:
31:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4813:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:LGBT in Egypt
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:Egyptologists
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:Wadi El Rayan
4565:
4563:
4562:Wadi El Gamal
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:St. Catherine
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:Lake Burullus
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4454:Protectorates
4451:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4253:Shibin El Kom
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4043:by population
4042:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3819:(in French).
3818:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3729:. 29 May 2003
3728:
3724:
3723:
3722:Splash Damage
3718:
3712:
3709:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3574:
3573:Lonely Planet
3570:
3563:
3560:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3479:. Alexandria.
3478:
3471:
3468:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3187:Malim 2001:29
3184:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2927:
2925:90-04-10422-4
2921:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2638:
2630:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2578:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2541:. 20 May 2021
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2437:(2): RG2004.
2436:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2287:
2282:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2087:Never Say Die
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2066:Bayek of Siwa
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1899:Jlan n Isiwan
1895:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1853:Robin Maugham
1849:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1819:Role of women
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:heart of palm
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1617:
1610:Source: NOAA
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:Mean monthly
1561:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1322:precipitation
1318:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
968:
924:
919:
915:
913:
909:
905:
898:
896:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:Ancient Greek
718:
714:
710:
709:Ancient Egypt
706:
697:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Shilha Berber
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
590:
589:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
533:
532:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
493:
491:
489:
486:. Siwa has a
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Libyan Desert
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:ancient Egypt
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
375:
367:
363:
353:
349:
346:
344:
336:
323:
315:
303:
300:
298:
291:
288:
279:
251:Coordinates:
224:
211:
205:
194:
183:
176:
165:
158:
147:
122:
106:
102:
99:
91:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
55:
53:
52:
46:
40:
38:
33:You can help
29:
20:
19:
16:
4682:
4587:Black Desert
4536:
4517:Ras Muhammad
4507:Nile Islands
4388:
4359:New Nubariya
4349:Marsa Matruh
3916:
3905:
3901:"Siwa"
3889:
3873:
3860:
3837:
3820:
3816:
3805:Bibliography
3791:. Retrieved
3780:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3753:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3720:
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3695:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3670:the original
3660:
3651:
3642:
3630:
3618:. Retrieved
3613:
3603:
3595:
3588:
3576:. Retrieved
3572:
3562:
3550:. Retrieved
3546:
3543:"Siwa Oasis"
3537:
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3509:
3499:
3476:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3448:
3425:
3419:
3410:
3404:
3395:
3389:
3380:
3374:
3365:
3359:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3331:
3325:
3317:the original
3312:
3302:
3294:the original
3289:
3279:
3270:
3260:
3252:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3201:
3192:
3183:
3175:
3170:
3162:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3079:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3053:the original
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3017:
3005:. Retrieved
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2979:the original
2975:"Siwa Oasis"
2969:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2911:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2857:
2845:
2829:
2822:on-line text
2815:
2810:
2805:, 2013, 626.
2797:. 3rd ed.
2794:
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2773:
2764:
2746:
2740:
2731:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2709:
2700:
2691:
2685:
2668:
2658:
2637:cite journal
2622:
2608:
2601:
2587:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2538:
2529:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2473:
2434:
2430:
2419:
2410:
2404:
2385:
2378:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2297:Egypt portal
2099:
2095:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2008:
1997:In CE.1995,
1996:
1992:Ahmed Fakhry
1989:
1978:
1963:
1945:"Egyptian".
1942:
1924:
1916:Zenati group
1882:Siwi Berbers
1875:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1814:
1811:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1756:lʕid azuwwar
1755:
1748:lʕid ahakkik
1747:
1737:
1724:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1629:
1324:mm (inches)
902:
893:
884:
880:
874:
867:
856:Afrika Korps
848:British Army
844:World War II
837:
830:
803:
798:
788:
765:
760:
732:
723:settlers at
713:26th Dynasty
702:
628:
620:
616:
606:
601:
593:
591:
588:Santariyyah.
587:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
556:
471:
433:
419:
361:
359:
192:
80:edit summary
71:
42:
34:
15:
4547:Wadi Allaqi
4532:Sannur Cave
4354:Nag Hammadi
3777:"The Oasis"
3755:Prima Games
3460:14 November
3212:23 December
3207:"Festivals"
3093:23 December
2814:Herodotus,
2706:"TM Places"
2570:18 November
2545:18 November
2480:18 November
1986:Archaeology
1958:Off-roading
1752:Eid al-Adha
1744:Eid al-Fitr
1691:Silver ring
877:Shali Ghadi
840:World War I
833:King Fuad I
609:Champollion
538:hieroglyphs
384:urban oasis
374:Wāḥat Sīwah
297:Governorate
273: /
4730:Categories
4705:Egyptology
4537:Siwa Oasis
4497:Lake Qarun
4487:Gabal Elba
4344:Marsa Alam
4329:Hamrah Dom
4309:El Alamein
4279:Ain Sokhna
4267:<99,999
4056:Alexandria
3981:Archive.is
3727:Activision
3411:Siwa Oasis
3313:Al-Monitor
3290:Al-Monitor
3273:. Morocco.
3163:Siwa Oasis
3029:19 October
2612:. p.
2591:. p.
2311:References
2075:Alex Rider
1862:Oasis Siwa
1791:brideprice
1787:endogamous
1396:(≥ 1.0 mm)
908:hot desert
780:Al-Maqrizi
733:Zeus Ammon
717:necropolis
534:sḫt jꜣmw
480:date palms
464:inselbergs
452:irrigation
436:depression
362:Siwa Oasis
329:Population
261:25°31′10″E
258:29°12′19″N
236:Siwa Oasis
125:Siwa Oasis
4482:El Omayed
4462:Abu Galum
4324:Port Fuad
4238:New Cairo
4188:Beni Suef
4137:Port Said
3925:cite book
3919:. London.
3846:cite book
3485:cite book
3434:cite book
3088:0362-4331
3059:3 October
2817:Histories
2803:Oxford UP
2715:9 January
2521:0950-0618
2096:Jack West
1908:El Foqaha
1807:olive oil
1798:Awlad Ali
1734:Festivals
1491:dew point
889:inselberg
816:in their
814:Sanusiyya
768:Al-Idrisi
761:sḫ.t-ỉm3w
759:name was
737:Herodotus
715:, when a
490:climate.
476:Tamizight
430:Geography
370:واحة سيوة
343:Time zone
321:Elevation
130:واحة سيوة
98:talk page
39:in Arabic
4638:Bahariya
4314:El Gouna
4304:Dekernes
4208:Hurghada
4193:Damanhur
4127:Mansoura
4122:Kom Ombo
4112:Ismailia
4097:Damietta
3989:Archived
3956:Archived
3888:(1992).
3652:BBC News
3620:23 April
3616:. Online
3271:BBC News
3007:16 March
2283:See also
1974:basketry
1935:Egyptian
1652:aghraw',
1605:3,540.2
1493:°C (°F)
1489:Average
1441:Average
1320:Average
1035:(118.8)
1020:(107.4)
1015:(109.0)
1010:(115.2)
1005:(113.4)
1000:(118.8)
995:(118.4)
990:(112.6)
985:(106.9)
776:Al-Bakri
735:), who,
731:(Greek:
617:S.t-wȝḥ,
563:sḫt jꜣmw
394:and the
382:) is an
74:provide
4663:Farafra
4582:Zaranik
4369:Rosetta
4364:Nuweiba
4334:Hala'ib
4299:Dendera
4223:Mallawi
4152:Zagazig
4092:Bilbeis
3890:L'Oasis
3701:2 April
3676:30 June
3552:11 July
3428:. Siwa.
3242:, p. 54
3001:"Shali"
2985:30 June
2869:30 June
2439:Bibcode
2425:2007).
2108:Gallery
2035:Equinox
2023:hominid
1980:Tourism
1949:Economy
1931:Bedouin
1740:Ramadan
1728:Kirdasa
1618:Culture
1558:(46.4)
1553:(39.9)
1548:(45.9)
1543:(52.7)
1538:(55.8)
1533:(56.3)
1528:(54.5)
1523:(49.6)
1518:(45.5)
1513:(41.9)
1508:(40.5)
1503:(36.9)
1498:(37.0)
1315:(28.0)
1310:(30.7)
1305:(37.2)
1300:(46.0)
1295:(53.1)
1290:(60.6)
1285:(63.5)
1280:(57.2)
1275:(45.5)
1270:(42.3)
1265:(32.5)
1260:(29.7)
1255:(28.0)
1245:(57.4)
1240:(43.7)
1235:(50.4)
1230:(59.9)
1225:(67.1)
1220:(70.5)
1215:(71.1)
1210:(68.7)
1205:(64.0)
1200:(56.7)
1195:(50.2)
1190:(44.8)
1185:(42.1)
1175:(71.1)
1170:(55.8)
1165:(63.1)
1160:(73.0)
1155:(80.8)
1150:(84.9)
1145:(85.8)
1140:(84.6)
1135:(78.4)
1130:(71.4)
1125:(63.1)
1120:(57.2)
1115:(53.8)
1105:(84.7)
1100:(68.9)
1095:(77.0)
1090:(86.9)
1085:(94.3)
1080:(98.6)
1075:(99.5)
1070:(99.5)
1065:(93.2)
1060:(85.8)
1055:(76.1)
1050:(70.7)
1045:(66.7)
1030:(84.2)
1025:(99.5)
980:(94.3)
975:(84.7)
899:Climate
772:Berbers
749:Pharaoh
711:is the
643:History
633:Amun-Ra
460:Miocene
398:in the
302:Matrouh
286:Country
96:to the
78:in the
41:.
4673:Moghra
4668:Kharga
4658:Faiyum
4653:Dunqul
4648:Dakhla
4467:Ahrash
4404:Talkha
4379:Safaga
4339:Kharga
4294:Dakhla
4284:Akhmim
4274:Abydos
4198:Desouk
4107:Imbaba
4102:Faiyum
3793:4 June
3761:3 June
3733:29 May
3578:19 May
3515:1 June
3086:
2931:18 May
2922:
2820:, iv (
2799:Oxford
2779:19 May
2753:
2631:: 160.
2519:
2393:
2367:
1927:Berber
1920:Arabic
1890:Isiwan
1872:People
1775:Ashura
1602:252.8
1599:265.5
1596:294.0
1593:315.6
1590:363.0
1587:353.5
1584:338.4
1581:318.8
1578:289.2
1575:270.3
1572:248.4
1569:230.7
1389:(0.4)
1384:(0.0)
1379:(0.1)
1349:(0.0)
1344:(0.0)
1339:(0.1)
1334:(0.0)
1329:(0.1)
926:Month
846:. The
784:Zenata
755:, its
725:Cyrene
629:asiwan
613:Coptic
602:Isiwan
598:Berber
584:سنترية
484:olives
468:Isiwan
366:Arabic
337:25,031
4643:Baris
4502:Nabaq
4374:Sadat
4289:Dahab
4258:Sohag
4243:Obour
4228:Minya
4183:Benha
4178:Aswan
4173:Arish
4147:Tanta
4132:Luxor
4087:Asyut
4061:Cairo
3878:Cedej
2916:(PDF)
2593:49–50
1999:Greek
1970:olive
1966:dates
1943:Masri
1912:Libya
1904:Sokna
1878:Egypt
1803:dates
1764:agroz
1677:Quran
1648:adrim
1484:45.3
965:Year
912:Egypt
885:Ghadi
881:Shali
627:word
472:adrar
408:Cairo
388:Egypt
348:UTC+2
290:Egypt
58:DeepL
4683:Siwa
4678:Qara
4542:Taba
4399:Taba
4389:Siwa
4319:Esna
4248:Qena
4203:Edfu
4142:Suez
4066:Giza
3931:link
3852:link
3795:2018
3763:2018
3735:2003
3703:2018
3678:2012
3622:2022
3580:2017
3554:2023
3517:2022
3491:link
3462:2002
3440:link
3240:ibid
3214:2020
3095:2020
3084:ISSN
3061:2023
3031:2013
3009:2015
2987:2012
2933:2022
2920:ISBN
2871:2012
2781:2017
2751:ISBN
2717:2020
2650:help
2614:1035
2572:2023
2547:2023
2517:ISSN
2482:2023
2391:ISBN
2365:ISBN
2340:Siwa
2084:and
1906:and
1894:Siwi
1886:Siwi
1805:and
1679:-box
1541:11.5
1536:13.2
1531:13.5
1526:12.5
1445:(%)
1436:1.0
1433:0.2
1430:0.1
1409:0.2
1406:0.1
1403:0.1
1400:0.3
1374:(0)
1369:(0)
1364:(0)
1359:(0)
1354:(0)
1313:−2.2
1308:−0.7
1293:11.7
1288:15.9
1283:17.5
1278:14.0
1258:−1.3
1253:−2.2
1243:14.1
1233:10.2
1228:15.5
1223:19.5
1218:21.4
1213:21.7
1208:20.4
1203:17.8
1198:13.7
1193:10.1
1173:21.7
1168:13.2
1163:17.3
1158:22.8
1153:27.1
1148:29.4
1143:29.9
1138:29.2
1133:25.8
1128:21.9
1123:17.3
1118:14.0
1113:12.1
1103:29.3
1098:20.5
1093:25.0
1088:30.5
1083:34.6
1078:37.0
1073:37.5
1068:37.5
1063:34.0
1058:29.9
1053:24.5
1048:21.5
1043:19.3
1033:48.2
1028:29.0
1023:37.5
1018:41.9
1013:42.8
1008:46.2
1003:45.2
998:48.2
993:48.0
988:44.8
983:41.6
978:34.6
973:29.3
962:Dec
959:Nov
956:Oct
953:Sep
950:Aug
947:Jul
944:Jun
941:May
938:Apr
935:Mar
932:Feb
929:Jan
842:and
729:Amun
594:Sali
557:The
494:Name
482:and
450:and
416:Amun
360:The
308:Area
72:must
70:You
3825:doi
3782:IGN
3547:obo
2673:doi
2509:doi
2447:doi
2094:'s
2072:'s
1910:in
1766:).
1556:8.0
1551:4.4
1546:7.7
1521:9.8
1516:7.5
1511:5.5
1506:4.7
1501:2.7
1496:2.8
1481:59
1478:56
1475:50
1472:44
1469:41
1466:37
1463:33
1460:34
1457:38
1454:46
1451:50
1448:56
1303:2.9
1298:7.8
1273:7.5
1268:5.7
1263:0.3
1238:6.5
1188:7.1
1183:5.6
850:'s
786:'.
621:swh
596:in
579:*Sa
577:or
575:*Se
571:t̠ꜣ
536:in
474:in
386:in
352:EST
60:or
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3923:{{
3904:.
3872:.
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1377:2
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107:.
100:.
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