642:
613:] by high pickets, with bastions at the alternate angles. Large gates opened to the north and south, and there were small portions here and there for the accommodation of the inmates. ... Beyond the parade-ground which extended south of the pickets, were the company gardens, well filled with currant-bushes and young fruit-trees. The fort stood at what might naturally be supposed to be the mouth of the river, yet it was not so, for in these days the latter took a turn, sweeping round the promontory on which the fort was built, towards the south, and joined the lake about half a mile below...
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517:, who bought the old Du Sable property, arrived in Chicago in 1804, and rapidly became the civilian leader of the small settlement that grew around the fort. In 1810, Kinzie and Whistler became embroiled in a dispute over Kinzie supplying alcohol to the Indians. In April, Whistler and other senior officers at the fort were removed; Whistler was replaced as commandant of the fort by
506:
96:
625:, was deeded to the city by the Federal Government. In 1855, part of the fort was demolished so that the south bank of the Chicago River could be dredged, straightening the bend in the river and widening it at this point by about 150 feet (46 m); and in 1857, a fire destroyed nearly all the remaining buildings in the fort. The remaining
306:
and traveled along the
Chicago River. Marquette returned in 1674, and camped for a few days near the mouth of the river. He moved to the portage, where he camped through the winter of 1674–75. Joliet and Marquette did not report any Native Americans living near the Chicago River area at that time.
425:, a French-speaking colonist of African descent, built a prosperous farm and trading post near the mouth of the Chicago River in the 1780s, at a site directly across the river from the future fort. A settlement developed there and he is widely regarded as the founder of Chicago.
465:
was selected as commandant of the new post, and set out with six men to complete the survey. The survey completed, on July 14, 1803, a company of troops set out to make the overland journey from
Detroit to Chicago. Whistler and his family made their way to Chicago on a
587:, a garden, and other buildings. The American forces garrisoned the fort until 1823, when peace with the Indians led the garrison to be deemed redundant. The temporary abandonment lasted until 1828, when it was re-lgarrisoned following the
478:
was anchored about half a mile offshore, unable to enter the
Chicago River due to a sandbar at its mouth. Julia Whistler, the wife of Captain Whistler's son, Lieutenant William Whistler, later related that 2000 Indians gathered to see the
641:
1930:
783:
414:
effectively closed the area to
Europeans in the first part of the 18th century. The first non-native to re-settle in the area may have been a trader named Guillory, who might have had a trading-post near
1923:
1793:
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ordered the evacuation of Fort
Dearborn in August 1814. Captain Heald oversaw the evacuation, but on August 15, the evacuees were ambushed along the trail by about 500
2065:
2150:
461:, instructing him to have an officer and six men survey the route from Detroit to Chicago, and to make a preliminary investigation of the situation at Chicago.
128:
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of 1832 and by 1837, the fort was being used by the
Superintendent of Harbor Works. In 1837, the fort and its reserve, including part of the land that became
1680:
555:. Of the 148 soldiers, women, and children who evacuated the fort, 86 were killed in the ambush. The Potawatomi burned the fort to the ground the next day.
1781:
736:
examples of these, and other stamps, to his friends. Because of the ensuing public outcry, millions of copies of "Farley's
Follies" were printed and sold.
694:, the longest continuously-operating institution in Chicago was founded in the carpentry shop of Fort Dearborn on June 26, 1833 and today is located in
315:
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257:
Parts of the fort were lost to the widening of the
Chicago River in 1855, and a fire in 1857. The last vestiges of Fort Dearborn were destroyed in the
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2003:
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Archaeologists, however, have discovered numerous historic Indian village sites dating to that time elsewhere in the
Chicago region.
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294:
Human activity in the
Chicago area prior to the arrival of European explorers is mostly unknown. In 1673, an expedition headed by
1798:
1724:
717:, a detailed replica of Fort Dearborn was erected as a fair exhibit. As part of the celebration, both a United States one-cent
1825:
1527:
600:
450:
243:
483:. The troops had completed the construction of the fort by the summer of 1804; it was a log-built fort enclosed in a double
407:
31:
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is the next recorded resident of Chicago; he claimed to have settled at the mouth of the Chicago River in July 1790.
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725:(containing 25 of the stamps) were issued, showing the fort. The individual stamp and sheet were reprinted when
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Eyre, Ethel. A History of the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago, 1933-1941. Works Progress Administration
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Following the war, a second Fort Dearborn was built (1816). This fort consisted of a double wall of wooden
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1985:
1808:
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254:, and a replacement Fort Dearborn was constructed on the same site in 1816 and decommissioned by 1837.
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to represent Fort Dearborn. This star is depicted as the left-most, or first, star of the flag.
1467:. City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Commission on Chicago Landmarks. 2020
398:, and Illinois. This included "six miles square" centered from the mouth of the Chicago River.
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Baumann, Timothy E. (December 2005). "The Du Sable Grave Project in St. Charles, Missouri".
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1619:. City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Commission on Chicago Landmarks.
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The southern perimeter of Fort Dearborn was located at what is now the intersection of
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Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest, with the History of Chicago (volume 1)
733:
551:. The Potawatomi captured Heald and his wife, Rebekah, and ransomed them to the
536:
514:
251:
1051:
Meehan, Thomas A. (1963). "Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, the First Chicagoan".
314:
had claimed a large territory (including the Chicago area), for France. Two of
626:
544:
488:
143:
130:
887:"Chicago: Meaning of the Name and Location of Pre-1800 European Settlements"
395:
1414:"Reproduction of Fort Dearborn at the Century of Progress Exposition, 1933"
1133:
Letter of Antoine Ouilmette to John H. Kinzie, June 1, 1839; reproduced in
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366:), on August 3, 1795. As part of the terms of this treaty, a coalition of
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1338:""Replica of the Original Fort Dearborn," Chicago Tribune, 5 March 1899"
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described the fort as it appeared on her arrival in Chicago in 1831:
441:
Artist's rendering of a bird's-eye view of the original Fort Dearborn
362:
was signed between the US and several chiefs at Fort Greenville (now
1967:
Site of the First Self-Sustaining Controlled Nuclear Chain Reaction
318:'s men built a stockade at the portage in the winter of 1682/1683.
680:. A few boards from the old fort were retained and are now in the
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with large relief above the entrance commemorating Fort Dearborn
383:
1912:
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609:
1280:"United States v. Illinois Cent. R. CO., 154 U.S. 225 (1894)"
739:
In 1939, the Chicago City Council added a fourth star to the
1623:
354:
Following defeat of several Native American tribes in the
474:. The troops reached their destination on August 17. The
77:
1856 drawing showing Fort Dearborn as it appeared in 1831
672:, and a line embedded in the sidewalk and road near the
509:
The Kinzie Mansion. Fort Dearborn is in the background.
629:
and few surviving outbuildings were destroyed in the
27:
Historic fort built at site of Chicago, Illinois, USA
1592:
Checagou From Indian Wigwam To Modern City 1673-1835
1516:
Helm, Linai T. (1912). Gordon, Nellie Kinzie (ed.).
2040:
2012:
1994:
1947:
1487:"School Details Page | Chicago Public Schools"
1370:
Fair Management. The Story of a Century of Progress
985:. Oklahoma State University Library. Archived from
188:
177:
167:
159:
122:
108:
1232:. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 303.
943:. Chicago: Herbert S. Stone and Company. p.
2056:Clarence Buckingham Memorial Fountain and Garden
1112:Jean Baptiste Pointe De Sable Founder of Chicago
1053:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
246:. The original fort was destroyed following the
605:
2087:Site of the Origin of the Chicago Fire of 1871
983:U.S. Government treaties with Native Americans
816:A marker showing the fort's southern perimeter
1924:
1639:
8:
1385:"Rebuilding Old Fort Tests Engineers' Skill"
333:. Great Britain later ceded the area to the
2066:Illinois–Indiana State Line Boundary Marker
1230:The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812
1175:
1173:
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302:was the first recorded to have crossed the
2161:Military installations established in 1803
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1917:
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1632:
1624:
1533:Wau-Bun, the "Early Day" in the North-West
231:. It was constructed by U.S. troops under
71:
916:. National Geographic Books. p. 19.
502:, who had commissioned its construction.
2131:1803 establishments in Indiana Territory
2092:Site of the Origins of the I&M Canal
1573:Chicago and the Old Northwest, 1673-1835
668:. Part of the fort outline is marked by
491:(see diagram above). The fort was named
844:
764:
617:The fort was closed briefly before the
312:René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
261:of 1871. The site of the fort is now a
2151:Government buildings completed in 1803
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1030:The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
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872:
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746:The site of the fort was designated a
39:
2082:Site of the John and Mary Jones House
2013:National Register of Historic Places,
2004:Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable Homesite
979:"Treaty With the Wyandot, etc., 1795"
757:system is named after Fort Dearborn.
95:
7:
2105:Wigwam (Site of the Sauganash Hotel)
1997:National Register of Historic Places
1954:National Register of Historic Places
1141:. R. Blanchard and Company. p.
181:log-built fort enclosed in a double
692:First Presbyterian Church (Chicago)
1511:. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
419:on the Chicago River around 1778.
351:British control until about 1796.
329:. It became a region within their
285:Diagram of the first Fort Dearborn
25:
1595:. The University of Chicago Press
1576:. The University of Chicago Press
321:In 1763, following defeat in the
267:Michigan–Wacker Historic District
219:, first built in 1803 beside the
197:Michigan–Wacker Historic District
1893:
1892:
1882:
1014:online; accessed August 8, 2009]
809:
797:
782:
770:
325:, the French ceded this area to
94:
87:
1555:. University of Chicago Press.
1026:"Mission of the Guardian Angel"
607:The fort was inclosed [
1508:The Story of Old Fort Dearborn
1446:. Chicago Public Library. 2009
940:Chapters from Illinois History
715:Century of Progress Exhibition
710:replica of the original fort.
271:DuSable Michigan Avenue Bridge
244:United States Secretary of War
1:
1981:Site of the Haymarket Tragedy
595:Indians. In her 1856 memoir,
408:Mission of the Guardian Angel
406:A French-Jesuit mission, the
269:, at the southern end of the
32:Fort Dearborn (New Hampshire)
1589:Quaife, Milo Milton (1933).
1570:Quaife, Milo Milton (1913).
1303:History of Chicago, Volume 1
1032:. Chicago Historical Society
753:An elementary school in the
423:Jean Baptiste Point du Sable
37:United States historic place
1995:National Historic Landmark,
1549:Pacyga, Dominic A. (2009).
1505:Currey, J. Seymour (1912).
1444:"Municipal Flag of Chicago"
1300:Andreas, Alfred T. (1884).
1024:Briggs, Winstanley (2005).
977:Charles J. Kappler (1904).
804:A plaque on Michigan avenue
2182:
1949:National Historic Landmark
1519:The Fort Dearborn Massacre
1424:Chicago Historical Society
1348:Chicago Historical Society
1092:The Missouri Archaeologist
708:Chicago Historical Society
528:
382:large parts of modern-day
339:American Revolutionary War
29:
1878:
1681:Colleges and universities
1661:
1306:. A. T. Andreas. p.
1135:Blanchard, Rufus (1898).
790:London Guarantee Building
777:Fort Dearborn 1808 layout
82:
70:
66:
53:
46:
42:
2049:Abraham Lincoln: The Man
1395:(1): 48–49. January 1931
1228:Lossing, Benson (1868).
1109:Graham, Shirley (1953).
178:Architectural style
30:Not to be confused with
1942:memorials and monuments
1617:"Site of Fort Dearborn"
1465:"Site of Fort Dearborn"
1419:Encyclopedia of Chicago
1367:Lohr, Lenox R. (1952).
1343:Encyclopedia of Chicago
1012:Encyclopedia of Chicago
912:Worth, Richard (2006).
750:on September 15, 1971.
583:, officer and enlisted
549:Battle of Fort Dearborn
531:Battle of Fort Dearborn
525:Battle of Fort Dearborn
248:Battle of Fort Dearborn
937:Mason, Edward (1901).
755:Chicago Public Schools
700:On March 5, 1899, the
682:Chicago History Museum
674:Michigan Avenue Bridge
646:
615:
576:
568:
510:
455:Colonel Jean Hamtramck
442:
286:
238:and named in honor of
56:U.S. Historic district
2077:Site of Fort Dearborn
2061:Heald Square Monument
1986:Union Stock Yard Gate
766:Modern Commemorations
664:of Chicago along the
645:Fort Dearborn in 1853
644:
575:Fort Dearborn in 1856
574:
567:Fort Dearborn in 1850
566:
508:
497:U.S. Secretary of War
463:Captain John Whistler
440:
323:French and Indian War
284:
144:41.88806°N 87.62389°W
60:Contributing property
18:Site of Fort Dearborn
1552:Chicago: A Biography
914:Louisiana, 1682-1803
851:Kinzie 1856; p. 182.
637:Legacy and monuments
559:Second Fort Dearborn
519:Captain Nathan Heald
457:, the commandant of
360:Treaty of Greenville
356:Northwest Indian War
1536:. Derby and Jackson
989:on November 8, 2010
893:. Early Chicago Inc
433:First Fort Dearborn
376:Western Confederacy
343:Northwest Territory
337:(at the end of the
149:41.88806; -87.62389
140: /
2156:History of Chicago
1373:. The Cuneo Press.
1269:, pp. 183–184
833:History of Chicago
727:Postmaster General
647:
631:Great Chicago Fire
577:
569:
511:
445:On March 9, 1803,
443:
358:of 1785–1795, the
331:Province of Quebec
287:
259:Great Chicago Fire
2166:War of 1812 forts
2146:Forts in Illinois
2141:Chicago Landmarks
2113:
2112:
2071:Rosehill Cemetery
1906:
1905:
1789:Metropolitan area
1562:978-0-226-64431-8
1389:Popular Mechanics
923:978-0-7922-6544-3
885:Swenson, John F.
696:Woodlawn, Chicago
427:Antoine Ouilmette
300:Jacques Marquette
265:, located in the
223:, in what is now
207:
206:
193:American frontier
16:(Redirected from
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2041:Chicago Landmark
2032:Victory Monument
2015:Chicago Landmark
1959:Chicago Landmark
1940:Chicago Landmark
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748:Chicago Landmark
713:In 1933, at the
666:Magnificent Mile
451:Secretary of War
368:Native Americans
364:Greenville, Ohio
341:), although the
263:Chicago Landmark
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589:outbreak of war
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547:Indians in the
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374:, known as the
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1971:
1708:Demographics
1666:Architecture
1597:. Retrieved
1591:
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1498:Bibliography
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1211:
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1199:
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1158:
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1146:. Retrieved
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1111:
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987:the original
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890:
880:
875:, p. 18
868:
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738:
734:imperforated
712:
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686:Lincoln Park
678:Wacker Drive
651:Wacker Drive
648:
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541:William Hull
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402:Local events
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1870:Visual arts
1850:Skyscrapers
1725:Expressways
1267:Kinzie 1856
1255:Currey 1912
1243:Pacyga 2009
1216:Quaife 1933
1204:Quaife 1933
1192:Currey 1912
1180:Pacyga 2009
1163:Quaife 1933
1078:Pacyga 2009
965:Quaife 1933
873:Quaife 1933
861:Quaife 1913
537:War of 1812
535:During the
515:John Kinzie
489:blockhouses
487:, with two
470:called the
453:, wrote to
316:de La Salle
252:War of 1812
250:during the
147: /
123:Coordinates
2120:Categories
2097:Statue of
2027:Getty Tomb
1782:Newspapers
1772:Literature
1740:Government
1599:August 26,
1580:August 25,
1540:August 25,
1450:2009-03-04
1429:2011-12-30
1399:2011-04-18
1353:2011-12-30
950:August 25,
839:References
627:blockhouse
623:Grant Park
545:Potawatomi
539:, General
417:Wolf Point
277:Background
201:ID78001124
135:87°37′26″W
132:41°53′17″N
1826:musicians
1767:Landmarks
1735:Geography
1718:companies
1119:April 16,
1036:August 6,
993:April 17,
741:city flag
633:of 1871.
593:Winnebago
591:with the
581:palisades
396:Wisconsin
310:In 1682,
172:U.S. Army
168:Architect
2073:entrance
1898:Category
1760:timeline
1755:politics
1530:(1856).
1098:: 59–76.
1065:40190620
822:See also
585:barracks
495:, after
485:stockade
468:schooner
412:Fox Wars
388:Michigan
348:de facto
229:Illinois
183:stockade
117:Illinois
109:Location
1860:Tourism
1831:theater
1794:Museums
1750:History
1713:Economy
1703:Culture
1676:Climate
1671:Beaches
1655:Chicago
1471:7 April
761:Gallery
670:plaques
657:in the
597:Wau Bun
553:British
459:Detroit
392:Indiana
242:, then
233:Captain
225:Chicago
189:Part of
113:Chicago
2051:statue
1888:Portal
1855:Sports
1816:People
1745:Harbor
1559:
1285:15 May
1063:
920:
721:and a
449:, the
212:was a
1821:music
1804:Parks
1777:Media
1696:gangs
1691:Crime
1061:JSTOR
732:gave
481:Tracy
476:Tracy
472:Tracy
160:Built
1843:list
1809:list
1730:Flag
1601:2010
1582:2010
1557:ISBN
1542:2010
1473:2022
1315:2010
1287:2011
1150:2010
1121:2011
1038:2010
995:2011
952:2010
918:ISBN
899:2010
676:and
659:Loop
653:and
384:Ohio
370:and
298:and
217:fort
163:1803
1308:238
1143:574
945:144
684:in
610:sic
2122::
1422:.
1416:.
1393:55
1391:.
1387:.
1346:.
1340:.
1170:^
1096:66
1094:.
1057:56
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227:,
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1956:,
1951:,
1932:e
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1918:v
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1633:v
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954:.
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203:)
199:(
34:.
20:)
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