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299:, "Situla art depicts life as seen from a masculine viewpoint, in which women are servants or sex objects; most of the scenes which include humans are of the feasts in which the situlae themselves figure, of the hunt or of war". Similar scenes are found on other vessel shapes, as well as bronze belt-plaques. The processions of animals, typical of earlier examples, or humans derive from the Near East and Mediterranean, and Nancy Sandars finds the style shows "a
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In the stylistic development during the Metal Ages, two phenomena are of particular interest. The first is the development of the sun-bird-ship motif of the
Urnfield Culture. The origin of this motif, which featured bird-headed ships embellished with solar disks, is not known, but over a short period
282:
Later
Etruscan and then Roman styles favoured a simple shape curving from the base, becoming vertical at the top, with a wide mouth and no shoulder, but sometimes a projecting rim. These had a variety of uses, including for washing and bathing. Any decoration was often concentrated on the upper part
251:
a ceramic import from Egypt from an
Etruscan burial. The Este and Hallstatt examples are later, with the Slovenian production reaching a peak in quality in the 5th century, up to about 400 BC, well after the Hallstatt period had ended over much of its area. Some were found containing cremated ashes,
668:
court: an inscription says that
Archbishop Gotfredus presented the Milan example in anticipation of a visit by the Emperor, also referred to in the London example which was possibly from the same workshop. The latest and most lavish is the Aachen example, which is studded with jewels and shows an
896:
about 1400 BCE it became common both as incised decoration and as plastic art throughout a vast area of eastern and central Europe. The similarity in execution and composition is remarkable and suggests a shared understanding of its meaning and the intensity of contact between distant areas.
303:
that betrays the artist working in a way that is uncongenial, too much at variance with the temper of the craftsmen and the craft". Compared to earlier styles that arose organically in Europe "situla art is weak and sometimes quaint", and "in essence not of Europe".
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found in France. They are often decorated, in the most elaborate examples with several bands of figures running round the vessel. They may or may not have handles, and sometimes have lids. Many are made of several sheets held together with
307:
Except for the
Benvenuti Situla, men are hairless, with "funny hats, dumpy bodies and big heads", though often shown looking cheerful in an engaging way. The Benevenuti Situla is also unusual in that it seems to show a specific story.
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is a
Slovenian example. These usually have sides sloping outwards, then a sharp turn in at the shoulder, and outside Etruria often a short narrower neck. The shape has similarities with the narrower spouted Etruscan shape of
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134:. Ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern shapes tend to have a pointed bottom, so that they must rest on a stand or on their side. The practical wider shape is a European invention, first seen in the
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The
Etruscan examples are most characteristic in the 7th century BC, though continuing well afterwards. They are in various materials, from pottery to bronze, and sometimes silver. The
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585:), of a rather different shape, with a rounded bottom, and sometimes lidded. This rounded shape, often with a "nipple" at the bottom (see Luristan example in
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Situla art was an important means of transition of Greek-derived motifs from the
Etruscans through the regions to the north to the emerging
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which dominated central Europe and parts of southern Europe in the Late Bronze Age. They frequently incorporated schematic depictions of
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showing remorse and throwing the thirty silver coins on the floor of the Temple), the "Situla of
Gotofredo" of c. 980 in
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Situla is also the term for types of bucket-shaped
Ancient Greek vases, some very finely painted. More utilitarian
95:
in burials from the northern part of the Etruscan regions, from which the style spread north to some cultures in
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or pail, is the term in archaeology and art history for a variety of elaborate bucket-shaped vessels from the
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was dipped in the situla to collect water with which to sprinkle the congregation or other objects.
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947:[Novo mesto Richer for Another Painted Situla] (in Slovenian). Lokalno.si. 6 February 2006
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of Central and Southeast Europe. Here they have a distinctive style, often without a handle; the
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All except the New York situla are illustrated and discussed in Beckwith, pp.129-130, 135-136
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The term may also be used for similar vessels from other cultures, especially the ancient
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Numerous Hallstatt situlae were found in Slovenia, mainly (19 of them) in the area of
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The term is also used for pails carried by figures in other art forms; according to
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Die Entstehung der Situlenkunst: Studien zur figĂĽrlich verzierten Toreutik von Este
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enthroned Emperor, surrounded by a pope and archbishops. This was probably made in
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880:"History of Europe: The People of the Metal Ages – Rituals, religion and art"
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Clearer reproduction of the Etruscan bronze situla at the top of the page.
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967:"Application for the Title of the European Capital of Culture 2012"
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1245:, Penguin (Pelican, now Yale, History of Art), 1968 (nb 1st edn.)
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625:, also usually of bronze, and straight-sided with a handle. An
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on two levels (it contains one of the very few depictions of
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Roman silver situla with lady (or Venus) bathing, 190-210 AD
263:, which has been named the "City of Situlae" due to this.
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but they were essentially luxury vessels used at feasts.
227:
that was also copied to the north, as in the 5th-century
1176:
Early Medieval Art: Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque
589:, below), is believed to have represented the female
1236:
Celtic Art: From Its Beginnings to the Book of Kells
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1298:Kastelic, Joze, and Karl Kromer, Guido Mansuelli.
577:and other sources this was a sign of a devotee of
945:"Novo mesto bogatejše še za eno poslikano situlo"
776:, 9th century BC; note the "nipple" at the bottom
501:Roman bronze situla from Germany, 2nd-3rd century
150:Urnfield culture, bronze situla with bird-headed
1300:Situla Art: Ceremonial Bronzes of Ancient Europe
788:Egyptian, 305-30 BC, Ptolemaic Dynasty, bronze
636:examples from the 10th century are known: the
1321:
664:in New York. All came from the milieu of the
569:carrying situla, Roman statue, 2nd century BC
8:
866:Institute for the Study of the Ancient World
427:Bronze vases & situlae, Eastern zone of
336:Etruscan with geometric ornament, 700-550 BC
275:are a 5th-century BC extension into modern
1328:
1314:
1306:
1238:, 1989 (2001 2nd edn), Thames & Hudson
103:, and adjacent areas, where terms such as
1221:, Yale University Press, 1995 (2nd edn.)
1178:, Thames & Hudson, 1964 (rev. 1969),
243:is an unusual luxury Etruscan example in
593:. These were also donated to temples as
561:
145:
38:Etruscan situla, 600–550 BC, tomb 68 at
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675:
310:
1190:Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology
1161:Metropolitan, Vietnamese bronze situla
986:
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725:Bronze bath buckets are also found in
174:, known as the 'sun-bird-ship' motif.
1142:Though Lasko, 92 disagrees with this.
972:. City Municipality of Maribor. 2008.
477:Late Etruscan, 3rd century BC, bronze
162:Bronze situlae were a feature of the
7:
295:further west. According to Ruth and
118:situlae are also found, and some in
729:, such as the 12th century Persian
704:ivory situla with scenes from the
449:II A, turn of the 7/6th century BC
25:
540:) pottery situla vase, 340-320 BC
489:Late Etruscan, c. 300 BC, pottery
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122:or other materials, such as two
1003:Sandars, 223-225; Megaw, 34-39
646:scenes from the life of Christ
380:Etruscan, with silver mounts,
214:, and the eastern zone of the
1:
1700:Archaeological artefact types
834:MFA Boston, Attic vase situla
91:are a distinctive feature of
1252:, JHU Press, 1997 (2nd ed),
807:, 14th century. Bronze with
685:The Basilewsky Situla, 920,
642:Victoria & Albert Museum
586:
1123:Metropolitan Museum example
1736:
662:Metropolitan Museum of Art
609:situlae, sometimes called
465:, Slovenia, 5th century BC
80:running round the vessel.
26:
1504:Perfume, oil, and wedding
1250:Isis in the ancient world
1243:Prehistoric Art in Europe
660:Treasury, and one in the
644:, decorated with twelve
1248:Witt, Reginald Eldred.
1232:Megaw, Ruth and Vincent
1081:"image of Milan situla"
722:and China and Vietnam.
597:offerings by devotees.
517:situla, c. 340–320 BC,
29:Situla (disambiguation)
1565:Funerary and religious
1105:Image of Aachen situla
985:Cite journal requires
570:
159:
42:
40:the Certosa necropolis
1302:, NY McGraw-Hill 1965
1283:The Basilewsky Situla
1188:Kipfer, Barbara Ann.
640:Situla of 920 in the
621:objects used to hold
565:
190:, as in the types of
149:
37:
1030:Sandars, 225, quoted
265:Japodian burial urns
27:For other uses, see
1291:Frey, Otto-Herman.
1241:Sandars, Nancy K.,
1219:Ars Sacra, 800-1200
752:situla with erased
632:Four richly carved
320:Bronze situla from
241:Situla of the Pania
210:) and neighbouring
136:European Bronze Age
1705:Ivory works of art
1192:, Springer, 2000,
1110:2011-07-22 at the
1067:Basilewsky Situla
1055:2012-02-26 at the
839:2007-02-24 at the
617:), were Christian
571:
364:Etruscan, silver,
350:Situla della Pania
229:Basse Yutz Flagons
160:
43:
1720:Golasecca culture
1672:
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1337:Greek vase shapes
1266:978-0-8018-5642-6
1206:978-0-306-46158-3
601:Christian situlae
567:Priestess of Isis
558:Attribute of Isis
447:Golasecca culture
429:Hallstatt culture
352:", 7th century BC
216:Hallstatt culture
212:Golasecca culture
194:vessels found as
142:Bronze Age Europe
132:St Mark's, Venice
16:(Redirected from
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1281:Beckwith, John.
1174:Beckwith, John.
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170:with bird head
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105:situla culture
97:Northern Italy
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827:
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738:
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723:
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708:c. 860-880 AD
707:
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659:
656:, one in the
655:
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297:Vincent Megaw
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158:, c. 1000 BC.
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111:may be used.
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59:
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36:
30:
19:
1715:Este culture
1710:Ottonian art
1654:Band skyphos
1632:
1582:Loutrophoros
1536:Loutrophoros
1344:Wine vessels
1299:
1292:
1282:
1270:Google books
1249:
1242:
1235:
1218:
1215:Lasko, Peter
1210:Google books
1189:
1175:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1118:
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:the original
1075:
1063:
1044:
1039:Sandars, 224
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
978:cite journal
961:
949:. Retrieved
939:
934:Sandars, 224
930:
925:Megaw, 34-39
921:
916:Sandars, 223
912:
907:Megaw, 34-39
903:
894:
887:. Retrieved
883:
874:
865:
856:
847:
829:
772:Situla from
724:
717:
673:about 1000.
631:
614:
610:
604:
572:
413:Este culture
324:, 800-750 BC
306:
300:
290:
281:
267:made by the
254:
238:
204:Este culture
186:situlae are
181:
161:
113:
108:
104:
93:Etruscan art
82:
52:), from the
49:
45:
44:
1556:Stirrup jar
1133:Lasko, 92-3
1050:Isis situla
951:15 December
851:Kipfer, 518
727:Islamic art
720:Middle East
627:aspergillum
615:aspersorium
613:(singular:
463:VaÄŤe situla
415:, c. 600 BC
368:, c. 650 BC
220:VaÄŤe situla
196:grave goods
168:solar boats
87:situlae in
66:Middle Ages
1695:Containers
1685:Bronzeware
1679:Categories
1511:Alabastron
1366:Karkhesion
1091:2010-01-21
889:8 November
817:References
689:, in ivory
638:Basilewsky
623:holy water
619:liturgical
611:aspersoria
605:Elaborate
433:Kleinklein
348:Etruscan "
287:Situla art
257:Novo Mesto
247:, and the
126:ones from
109:situla art
83:Decorated
62:Bronze Age
1659:Epinetron
1516:Aryballos
1488:Tableware
1361:Kantharos
1048:Witt, 55.
1012:Megaw, 37
822:Citations
758:Akhenaten
754:cartouche
384:c. 650 BC
382:Cerveteri
322:Hallstatt
301:gaucherie
273:Illyrians
271:tribe of
56:word for
1690:Iron Age
1608:Calathus
1577:Lekythos
1531:Lekythos
1495:Pinakion
1467:Cookware
1432:Hydriske
1391:Oenochoe
1285:, 1963,
1108:Archived
1053:Archived
862:"Situla"
837:Archived
805:Alhambra
774:Luristan
702:Ottonian
687:Ottonian
666:Ottonian
575:Plutarch
523:Bulgaria
515:stamnoid
192:libation
184:Iron Age
182:Typical
172:protomes
152:sun ship
101:Slovenia
85:Iron Age
48:(plural
1664:Luchnos
1638:Stamnos
1603:Amphora
1596:Storage
1411:Skyphos
1401:Psykter
1381:Lakaina
1371:Kyathos
1351:Amphora
1295:, 1969.
1169:Sources
868:. 2022.
733:in the
538:Apulian
513:Bronze
269:Japodes
156:Hungary
154:motif,
116:pottery
78:friezes
70:reliefs
64:to the
50:situlae
1633:Situla
1628:Pithos
1623:Pelike
1587:Phiale
1572:Kernos
1546:Pelike
1541:Lydion
1458:Krater
1437:Kalpis
1427:Hydria
1406:Rhyton
1396:Pelike
1386:Mastos
1356:Kotyle
1264:
1256:
1225:
1204:
1196:
1182:
809:niello
801:Nasrid
595:votive
591:breast
366:Chiusi
277:Bosnia
234:rivets
225:flagon
202:, the
188:bronze
120:silver
89:bronze
58:bucket
46:Situla
1647:Other
1618:Lebes
1613:Chuta
1551:Pyxis
1521:Askos
1479:Lebes
1474:Chuta
1453:Dinos
1376:Kylix
970:(PDF)
671:Trier
634:ivory
519:Sofia
245:ivory
124:glass
74:bands
54:Latin
1287:HMSO
1262:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1180:ISBN
991:help
953:2010
891:2022
583:Nile
579:Isis
461:The
107:and
756:of
431:D,
259:in
198:in
130:in
76:or
72:in
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1234:,
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1200:,
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1208:.
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993:)
989:(
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811:.
31:.
20:)
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