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1702:
so we must reject anger and practice patience. In order to accomplish anything, we need perseverance. To gain friends, we must control our disturbing emotions, and so we must practice mental constancy (concentration). And finally, to really be effective in helping others, we need the discriminating awareness (wisdom) of knowing what is beneficial and what is of harm. Therefore, we need to cultivate all six far-reaching attitudes.
264:
5644:
2101:"As scholars have moved away from this limited corpus, and have begun to explore a wider range of Mahāyāna sutras, they have stumbled on, and have started to open up, a literature that is often stridently ascetic and heavily engaged in reinventing the forest ideal, an individualistic, antisocial, ascetic ideal that is encapsulated in the apparently resurrected image of "wandering alone like a rhinoceros."
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1373:. What distinguishes the supreme bodhisattva from aspirants in the other two vehicles is the degree to which the pāramīs must be cultivated and the length of time they must be pursued. But the qualities themselves are universal requisites for deliverance, which all must fulfill to at least a minimal degree to merit the fruits of the liberating path.
1295:
religious devotion and appeal to laity. More recently, scholars have started to open up early Mahāyāna literature, which is very ascetic and expounds the ideal of the monk's life in the forest. Therefore, the practice of the pāramitās in Mahāyāna
Buddhism may have been close to the ideals of the ascetic tradition of the
2086:"It is evident that the Hinayānists, either to popularize their religion or to interest the laity more in it, incorporated in their doctrines the conception of Bodhisattva and the practice of pāramitās. This was effected by the production of new literature: the Jātakas and Avadānas." Nalinaksha Dutt (1978)
1701:
To attain enlightenment, we need better rebirths; and the six perfections – in particular, far-reaching ethical self-discipline – enable us to attain better rebirths. We won’t be able to help others materially if we aren’t wealthy, and so we need to cultivate generosity. We need virtuous friends, and
1750:
means "transcendent action," we mean it in the sense that actions or attitude are performed in a non-egocentric manner. "Transcendental" does not refer to some external reality, but rather to the way in which we conduct our lives and perceive the world – either in an egocentric or a non-egocentric
1730:
are like stairs. The higher systems highlight contradictions in the lower ones, but by knowing the lower, we can appreciate the profundity of the higher. The higher systems are vast and profound since they do not contradict logic. If we are aware of the areas in which we can make mistakes, it helps
1294:
Some scholars refer to the pāramīs as a semi-Mahāyāna teaching added to the scriptures at a later time in order to appeal to the interests and needs of the lay community and to popularize their religion. However, these views rely on the early scholarly presumption of Mahāyāna originating with
1360:
in established Theravāda tradition the pāramīs are not regarded as a discipline peculiar to candidates for
Buddhahood alone but as practices which must be fulfilled by all aspirants to enlightenment and deliverance, whether as
1763:
practice, while the last two pertain to wisdom practice. Together, they encompass all the necessary methods and skills to dispel delusion and meet the needs of others, and to rise from states of contentment to even greater
2349:
2079:"The incorporation of pāramis by the Theravādins in the Jātakas reveals that they were not immune from Mahāyānic influence. This happened, of course, at a much later date" Nalinaksha Dutt (1978)
953:, meaning "highest", "most distant", and hence "chief", "primary", "most excellent". Hence, the substantive can be rendered "excellence" or "perfection". This reading is supported by the
907:(Pāli: पारमी) is a Buddhist term often translated as "perfection". It is described in Buddhist commentaries as a noble character quality generally associated with enlightened beings.
1689:, the practice of accumulating paramitas is generally considered very important. In most contexts, they are seen as a fundamental basis for practice of the higher teachings, such as
1731:
us to stay on the right path and have confidence in it. Thus, the study of the tenet systems gives stability to our view. Then, on the basis of the six far-reaching attitudes and
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falls under all six. Bhikkhu Bodhi states that the correlations between the two sets shows there was a shared core before the
Theravada and Mahayana schools split.
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then means "that which has gone beyond", "that which goes beyond" or "transcendent". This reading is reflected in the
Tibetan translation
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written to supplement the Pāli Canon that therefore might not be an original part of the Theravāda teachings. The oldest parts of the
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The Minor
Anthologies of the Pali Canon (Part III): 'Chronicle of Buddhas' (Buddhavamsa) and 'Basket of Conduct' (Cariyapitaka)
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Similarly, concerning the six paramitas, or "the six far-reaching attitudes," and how they relate to the practice of the three
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1581:, who describes it as a categorization of the same ten perfections of Theravada Buddhism. According to Dhammapala,
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2090:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Delhi), 2nd Edition: 251. The term "Semi-Mahāyāna" occurs here as a subtitle.
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as a set of character ideals that guide self-cultivation and provide a concrete image of the
Buddhist ideal.
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1500:(दान पारमिता): generosity, giving of oneself (in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, 布施波羅蜜; in Tibetan, སྦྱིན་པ
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as "bases of training" for those looking to achieve enlightenment. Wright describes the
Buddhist
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949:, commonly translated as "perfection", has two etymologies. The first derives it from the word
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2005:
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1994:. Translated by Bodhi, Bhikkhu. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. pp. 2–5.
1924:
1914:
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1677:) also includes these additional four pāramitās, with the order of numbers 8 and 9 switched.
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689:
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1742:
renders "pāramitā" into
English as "transcendent action" and then frames and qualifies it:
1530:(क्षान्ति पारमिता): patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance (忍辱波羅蜜; བཟོད་པ
414:
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The
Discourse on the All-embracing Net of Views: The Brahmajāla Sutta and Its Commentaries
2273:
The
Discourse on the All-embracing Net of Views: The Brahmajāla Sutta and Its Commentaries
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of character necessary to achieve enlightenment as one of the three enlightened beings, a
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A Treatise on the Paramis]: From the Commentary to the Cariyapitaka by Acariya Dhammapala
1291:) do not mention the pāramīs as a category (though they are all mentioned individually).
2157:
The concept of the Buddha : its evolution from early Buddhism to the trikāya theory
1490:(प्रज्ञापारमिता सूत्र) and a large number of other Mahāyāna texts list six perfections:
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maintains that in the earliest Buddhist texts (which he identifies as the first four
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In the Presence of Masters: Wisdom from 30 Contemporary Tibetan Buddhist Teachers
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1340:; as a result, the ten perfections were identified as part of the path for the
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1513:(शील पारमिता): virtue, morality, discipline, proper conduct (持戒波羅蜜; ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས
1362:
1258:
1241:
1013:
649:
409:
306:
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2564:
Theravada Buddhist Dhamma Talk Album: "Ten Parami (Suc 06)", By Ajahn Sucitto
1913:. Bodhi, Bhikkhu. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. p. 1.
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2066:" early literature did not refer to the pāramitās." Nalinaksha Dutt (1978)
113:
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1556:(ध्यान पारमिता): one-pointed concentration, contemplation (禪定波羅蜜, བསམ་གཏན
1522:
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1179:
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924:
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704:
684:
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255:
154:
132:
93:
2545:, a free distribution article on the Buddhist conception of renunciation
1988:
A treatise on the Paramis : from the commentary to the Cariyapitaka
1907:
A treatise on the Paramis : from the commentary to the Cariyapitaka
1233:
The Theravāda teachings on the pāramīs can be found in canonical books (
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2736:
2350:"The Necessity of the Six Perfections and the Validity of Their Source"
2036:" originally did not form part of scriptures": Nalinaksha Dutt (1978)
1543:(वीर्य पारमिता): energy, diligence, vigour, effort (精進波羅蜜; བརྩོན་འགྲུས
1521:
1495:
1439:
1370:
1317:
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1071:
1046:
384:
149:
139:
98:
73:
1755:
are concerned with the effort to step out of the egocentric mentality.
1639:(प्राणिधान पारमिता): vow, resolution, aspiration, determination (願波羅蜜）
6698:
6690:
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1864:"A Treatise on the Paramis: From the Commentary to the Cariyapitaka"
1352:
were seen as being significant for aspirants to both Buddhahood and
1396:
teaches the bodhisattva path based on a system of four pāramitās:
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A Treatise on the Paramis: From the Commentary to the Cariyapitaka
2052:
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1437:
also mentions the system of six pāramitās, arguing that patience (
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103:
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1793: – Theology of Buddhism: descriptions of the spiritual path
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5147:
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2232:
The Six Perfections: Buddhism and the Cultivation of Character
2194:
The Six Perfections: Buddhism and the Cultivation of Character
1811: – Buddhist practices for higher virtue, mind, and wisdom
1805: – Fivefold hierarchy of religious authorities in Jainism
1735:, we will be able to fulfill our own aims and those of others.
1787: – Spiritual qualities conducive to Buddhist cultivation
1447:) is classified as a kind of discipline and that meditation (
983:
meaning "beyond", "the further bank, shore or boundary," and
2558:
2083:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Delhi), 2nd Edition: 219
2040:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Delhi), 2nd Edition: 224
1710:
of Tibetan Buddhism, His Holiness the Dalai Lama has said:
5670:
2502:
The Heart Sutra Explained: Indian and Tibetan Commentaries
2070:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Delhi), 2nd Edition: 228
1020:
describes them as noble qualities usually associated with
1577:
This list is also mentioned by the Theravāda commentator
1157:: patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance
967:). A more creative yet widely reported etymology divides
30:"Six Perfections" redirects here. For the racehorse, see
2051:
section, p. vi, writes that it is "onsidered to be post-
1012:
can be found in late canonical books and post-canonical
6523:
2400:(Revised ed.). Wisdom Publications. p. 137.
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1780:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1726:
is something to train in only as a branch. The four
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3276:
3130:
3075:
2720:
2674:
2625:
2437:Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's
1569:(प्रज्ञा पारमिता): wisdom, insight (般若波羅蜜; ཤེས་རབ
2649:Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma
2549:Lama Zopa Rinpoche's view of the Six Perfections
2525:The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary
1744:
1358:
943:
2235:. Oxford University Press. pp. contents.
2124:(Converted the document's original use of the
1835:"Paramita, Pāramitā, Pāramita: 12 definitions"
6752:
6736:
5686:
3013:
2592:
2394:Wangchen, Geshe Namgyal (September 8, 2009).
2276:. Buddhist Publication Society. p. 300.
869:
224:
8:
3795:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2522:, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5).
2314:. Buddhist Publication Society. p. 44.
6688:
6665:
6656:
6647:
963:) are associated with the ten perfections (
27:Buddhist qualities for spiritual perfection
6327:
5793:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
5693:
5679:
5671:
3020:
3006:
2998:
2599:
2585:
2577:
876:
862:
242:
231:
217:
36:
2439:The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary
2197:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4.
1184:: goodwill, friendliness, loving-kindness
2397:Step by Step: Basic Buddhist Meditations
2376:. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambala.
5840:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths
4982:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2559:Six paramitas, Chinese Buddhist website
2159:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 48.
1825:
987:, meaning "that which has arrived", or
254:
48:
5185:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1629:(उपाय पारमिता): skillful means (方便波羅蜜）
2344:
2342:
2265:
2263:
2186:
2184:
1891:
1759:The initial four perfections involve
1453:) is to be seen as a mode of wisdom (
959:(V.4), where the twelve excellences (
7:
1957:"The Ten Perfections: A Study Guide"
1649:(बल पारमिता): spiritual power (力波羅蜜）
941:describes the etymology of the term:
5825:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
2459:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (1978, 2005).
2414:from the original on April 27, 2022
1148:: energy, diligence, vigour, effort
4972:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2103:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism
1718:path is the preliminary path, the
1618:, four more pāramitās are listed:
1348:). Over subsequent centuries, the
1121:: virtue, morality, proper conduct
327:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
322:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
2554:A Zen view of the Six Perfections
2476:(trans.) (1975; reprinted 2000).
2466:(The Wheel, No. 409/411). Kandy:
1799: – Form of Buddhist training
1659:(ज्ञान पारमिता): knowledge (智波羅蜜）
927:texts generally use the Sanskrit
5653:
5643:
5642:
5200:Thai temple art and architecture
4945:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
3185:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
3051:
3038:
3028:
2665:
2435:Apte, Vaman Shivaram (1957–59).
1833:www.wisdomlib.org (2008-06-01).
1722:sutra one is the main path, and
1685:According to the perspective of
843:
262:
198:
54:
6782:Buddhist philosophical concepts
3052:
2372:Ray, Reginald A. (ed.) (2004).
2328:from the original on 2021-06-24
2290:from the original on 2021-06-24
2249:from the original on 2021-06-24
2211:from the original on 2021-06-24
2143:Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism
2019:from the original on 2017-06-22
1967:from the original on 2019-05-02
1938:from the original on 2017-06-22
1874:from the original on 2018-10-11
1845:from the original on 2020-01-28
1112:: generosity, giving of oneself
5778:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
5190:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4992:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
4072:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
3263:Places where the Buddha stayed
2822:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra
2656:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra
2450:The All-Embracing Net of Views
1389:school's main commentary, the
1028:describes them as perfections
1:
5205:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2308:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2007-12-01).
2270:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2007-12-01).
1985:Dhammapala, Acariya. (1996).
1904:Dhammapala, Acariya. (1996).
1066:benefitting sentient beings.
6427:
6418:
6395:
4962:Buddhism and the Roman world
4938:Decline of Buddhism in India
4933:History of Buddhism in India
3033: Topics in
2468:Buddhist Publication Society
2454:Buddhist Publication Society
2229:Wright, Dale Stuart (2009).
2191:Wright, Dale Stuart (2009).
1791:Buddhist paths to liberation
1356:. Bhikkhu Bodhi summarizes:
525:Buddhist Paths to liberation
6524:
6361:
6338:
4160:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3900:
1695:His Holiness the Dalai Lama
1675:Sutra of the Heap of Jewels
1523:
1441:
1318:the extinction of suffering
1175:: determination, resolution
1098:lists the ten perfections (
1008:Theravada teachings on the
999:("gone to the other side").
991:meaning "that which goes".
919:makes greater reference to
915:are both terms in Pali but
6803:
5110:The unanswerable questions
2642:Innumerable Meanings Sūtra
2442:. Poona: Prasad Prakashan.
1467:Religious studies scholar
29:
5638:
5195:Buddhist temples in Korea
3758:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3661:Three planes of existence
3268:Buddha in world religions
3047:
2960:
2797:Abundant Treasures Buddha
2663:
2619:Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra
2616:
2543:Renunciation by T. Prince
4977:Persecution of Buddhists
4198:Four stages of awakening
3579:Three marks of existence
3165:Physical characteristics
1024:. American scholar-monk
1016:. Theravada commentator
4340:Ten principal disciples
3223:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2569:What are the paramitas?
2088:Buddhist Sects in India
2081:Buddhist Sects in India
2068:Buddhist Sects in India
2038:Buddhist Sects in India
1961:www.accesstoinsight.org
1868:www.accesstoinsight.org
1740:Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche
1166:: truthfulness, honesty
545:Philosophical reasoning
32:Six Perfections (horse)
6753:
6737:
6689:
6666:
6657:
6648:
5050:Buddhism and democracy
4563:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4558:Chinese Buddhist canon
3790:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3785:Early Buddhist schools
2572:Buddhism for Beginners
1767:
1757:
1737:
1704:
1585:is classified as both
1375:
1193:: equanimity, serenity
1079:
1001:
312:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
6242:Righteous indignation
5060:Eight Consciousnesses
3170:Life of Buddha in art
2917:Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī
2864:who becomes a Buddha)
2635:Threefold Lotus Sutra
1778: – Buddhist term
1766:
1712:
1699:
1488:Prajñapāramitā sūtras
1332:was provided for the
1328:. As time went on, a
1257:) and post-canonical
1139:: wisdom, discernment
1061:
580:Aids to Enlightenment
405:Dependent Origination
5760:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā
5537:East Asian religions
4967:Buddhism in the West
4538:Early Buddhist texts
4153:Four Right Exertions
3619:Ten spiritual realms
3112:Noble Eightfold Path
2860:(daughter of Sāgara
2497:Lopez, Donald S. Jr.
2155:Xing, Guang (2005).
1326:noble eightfold path
1303:Traditional practice
1223:factors of awakening
1068:Palm-leaf manuscript
550:Devotional practices
373:Noble Eightfold Path
5830:Theological virtues
5733:Positive psychology
5660:Religion portal
5407:Temple of the Tooth
5286:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
4325:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3818:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
3601:Two truths doctrine
3421:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3221:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2807:Majestic Voice King
2783:Never Disrespectful
2384:(pbk.) p. 140.
2105:(2004): p. 494
1785:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
1666:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra
1475:texts refer to the
1336:development of the
997:pha rol tu phyin pa
939:Donald S. Lopez Jr.
850:Buddhism portal
723:Buddhism by country
485:Sanskrit literature
205:Religion portal
6262:Self-transcendence
5854:Individual virtues
5798:Nine Noble Virtues
5727:Nicomachean Ethics
5582:Western philosophy
5180:Dzong architecture
5002:Vipassana movement
4997:Buddhist modernism
4425:Emperor Wen of Sui
4193:Pratyekabuddhayāna
4126:Threefold Training
3928:Vipassana movement
3644:Hungry Ghost realm
3464:Avidyā (Ignorance)
3411:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
3160:Great Renunciation
3155:Eight Great Events
3037:
2927:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2912:Maha-Maudgalyayana
2778:Unlimited Practice
2120:2007-08-25 at the
1809:Threefold Training
1601:are classified as
1080:
1026:Thanissaro Bhikkhu
1004:Theravāda Buddhism
337:Buddhist modernism
6769:
6768:
6765:
6764:
5916:Conscientiousness
5783:Epistemic virtues
5668:
5667:
5306:Om mani padme hum
5012:Women in Buddhism
4928:Buddhist councils
4798:Western countries
4586:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
4347:Shaolin Monastery
3924:Samatha-vipassanā
3534:Pratītyasamutpāda
3338:Metteyya/Maitreya
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3085:Four Noble Truths
2995:
2994:
2966:Nichiren Buddhism
2773:Superior Practice
2530:Pali Text Society
2512:978-0-88706-589-7
2482:Pali Text Society
2354:studybuddhism.com
2321:978-955-24-0052-0
2283:978-955-24-0052-0
2242:978-0-19-538201-3
2204:978-0-19-538201-3
2141:Baruah, Bibhuti.
2047:, Horner (2000),
1839:www.wisdomlib.org
1746:When we say that
1463:Mahāyāna Buddhism
1316:), those seeking
1054:Canonical sources
886:
885:
368:Four Noble Truths
241:
240:
16:(Redirected from
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6257:Self-cultivation
5810:Prussian virtues
5773:Cardinal virtues
5695:
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5658:
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5645:
5485:Sacred languages
5333:Maya Devi Temple
5296:Mahabodhi Temple
5100:Secular Buddhism
5065:Engaged Buddhism
3905:
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3704:Vietnamese Thiền
3303:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
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2812:Śākyamuni Buddha
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1797:Gradual training
1781:
1687:Tibetan Buddhism
1681:Tibetan Buddhism
1671:महारत्नकूट सूत्र
1615:Ten Stages Sutra
1526:
1444:
1288:Aṅguttara Nikāya
956:Madhyāntavibhāga
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5752:Virtue families
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4548:Mahayana sutras
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4520:Thích Nhất Hạnh
4351:
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4114:Bodhisattva vow
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3499:Five hindrances
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4540:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4510:B. R. Ambedkar
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4430:Songtsen Gampo
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Eight precepts
4106:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3897:
3887:
3882:
3880:Five Strengths
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
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3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
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3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
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3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3707:
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3696:
3691:
3675:
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3667:
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3664:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
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3646:
3641:
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3631:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Mental factors
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3452:
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3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3371:Mahamoggallāna
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3286:Avalokiteśvara
3282:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
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3069:
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3059:
3048:
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3044:
3027:
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3024:
3017:
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3002:
2993:
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2990:
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2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
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2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:Mahā-Kātyāyana
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2840:
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2833:
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2814:
2809:
2804:
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2792:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2733:Avalokiteśvara
2730:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2712:Ten suchnesses
2709:
2707:Skillful Means
2704:
2699:
2697:Eternal Buddha
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2614:
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2606:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2538:
2537:External links
2535:
2534:
2533:
2517:
2511:
2505:. SUNY Press.
2493:
2471:
2457:
2446:Bodhi, Bhikkhu
2443:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2407:978-0861716005
2406:
2386:
2365:
2338:
2320:
2300:
2282:
2259:
2241:
2221:
2203:
2180:
2165:
2147:
2145:. 2008. p. 456
2134:
2128:convention to
2107:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2072:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2043:Regarding the
2029:
2000:
1977:
1948:
1919:
1896:
1884:
1855:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1771:
1768:
1761:skillful means
1751:way. The six
1682:
1679:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1640:
1630:
1575:
1574:
1561:
1548:
1535:
1518:
1505:
1469:Dale S. Wright
1464:
1461:
1431:
1430:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1379:
1376:
1367:paccekabuddhas
1324:) pursued the
1304:
1301:
1267:(for example,
1230:
1227:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1130:: renunciation
1122:
1113:
1055:
1052:
1041:pacceka-buddha
1005:
1002:
935:
932:
901:: पारमिता) or
884:
883:
881:
880:
873:
866:
858:
855:
854:
853:
852:
837:
836:
833:
832:
827:
822:
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812:
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802:
797:
792:
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782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
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747:
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713:
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697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
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666:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
642:
640:Pratyekabuddha
637:
632:
627:
621:
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
602:
597:
595:Buddhist chant
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
516:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
456:
453:Buddhist texts
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
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387:
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370:
364:
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349:
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339:
334:
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324:
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314:
309:
304:
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70:
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63:
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59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6799:
6788:
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6783:
6780:
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6777:
6757:
6756:
6751:
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6713:
6711:
6707:
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6700:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6669:
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6661:
6660:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6571:
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6559:
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6549:
6545:
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6542:
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6535:
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6528:
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6522:
6520:
6519:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Sportsmanship
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6247:Righteousness
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6160:Nonattachment
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
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6034:
6031:
6029:
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6024:
6021:
6019:
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6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
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5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
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5959:
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5951:
5949:
5946:
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5936:
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5924:
5923:
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5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5820:Seven virtues
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5767:Brahmavihārās
5764:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5743:Virtue ethics
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:About virtues
5707:
5703:
5696:
5691:
5689:
5684:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5649:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
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5560:
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5555:
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5540:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5422:Miscellaneous
5419:
5413:
5412:Vegetarianism
5410:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:Buddha in art
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
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5191:
5188:
5186:
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5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
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5165:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
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5086:
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5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
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5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:United States
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:Padmasambhava
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4357:Major figures
4354:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4303:Western tulku
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:Five precepts
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Dhamma vicaya
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Buddhābhiṣeka
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Enlightenment
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Dhamma theory
3482:
3480:
3479:Buddha-nature
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:Samantabhadra
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:Pure Practice
2766:
2764:
2763:Firm Practice
2761:
2759:
2758:Samantabhadra
2756:
2754:
2753:Medicine King
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:Six Pāramitās
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Buddha-nature
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2528:. Chipstead:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:0-86013-072-X
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:1-57062-849-1
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2301:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2222:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2166:0-203-41310-5
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2115:Bodhi (2005).
2111:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2001:955-24-0146-1
1997:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1978:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1920:955-24-0146-1
1916:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1897:
1894:, p. 21.
1893:
1888:
1885:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1776:Anupubbikathā
1774:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1728:tenet systems
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:Bhikkhu Bodhi
1302:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:brahmavihāras
1208:
1204:
1200:
1197:Two of these
1192:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:dasa pāramiyo
1097:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
952:
948:
942:
940:
933:
931:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
896:
892:
891:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
840:
839:
838:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
719:
718:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
664:
659:
658:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
614:
613:
606:
605:Vegetarianism
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
560:Recollections
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:Five precepts
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
509:
508:
501:
498:
496:
495:Chinese canon
493:
491:
490:Tibetan canon
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
454:
449:
448:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
346:
345:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
296:
291:
290:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:
234:
229:
227:
222:
220:
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
201:
196:
195:
194:
193:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:Pāramitās in
128:
127:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
68:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6745:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6697:
6681:
6674:
6640:
6633:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6516:
6509:
6504:Brahmacharya
6502:
6495:
6488:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6442:
6435:
6410:
6403:
6387:
6369:
6353:
6346:
6302:Tranquillity
6252:Self-control
6222:Renunciation
6180:Philanthropy
6175:Perspicacity
6135:Magnificence
6088:Intelligence
6068:Impartiality
5988:Faithfulness
5876:Authenticity
5803:
5802:
5788:Five virtues
5765:
5758:
5738:Trait theory
5725:
5600:Bodhisattvas
5520:Christianity
5515:Baháʼí Faith
5380:Dharmachakra
5370:Prayer wheel
5360:Prayer beads
5128:Architecture
5007:969 Movement
4791:Saudi Arabia
4769:Central Asia
4762:South Africa
4584:
4567:
4500:Panchen Lama
4405:Buddhapālita
4017:
4001:Satipatthana
3996:Mindful Yoga
3909:Recollection
3823:Brahmavihara
3694:Japanese Zen
3689:Chinese Chan
3649:Animal realm
3456:Key concepts
3278:Bodhisattvas
3090:Three Jewels
2983:
2977:
2971:
2964:
2902:Mahā-Kāśyapa
2821:
2727:Bodhisattvas
2701:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2632:
2618:
2608:
2524:
2501:
2477:
2474:Horner, I.B.
2463:
2449:
2436:
2418:November 19,
2416:. Retrieved
2396:
2389:
2373:
2368:
2357:. Retrieved
2353:
2330:. Retrieved
2310:
2303:
2292:. Retrieved
2272:
2251:. Retrieved
2231:
2224:
2213:. Retrieved
2193:
2156:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2132:diacritics.)
2110:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2049:Cariyāpiṭaka
2048:
2045:Cariyāpiṭaka
2044:
2037:
2032:
2021:. Retrieved
1987:
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1940:. Retrieved
1906:
1899:
1887:
1876:. Retrieved
1867:
1858:
1847:. Retrieved
1838:
1828:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1684:
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1670:
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1598:
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1576:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1550:
1545:brtson-’grus
1544:
1537:
1531:
1520:
1515:tshul-khrims
1514:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1471:states that
1466:
1454:
1448:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1407:discipline (
1401:
1400:generosity (
1390:
1384:Sarvāstivāda
1381:
1378:Sarvāstivāda
1359:
1349:
1345:
1321:
1311:
1306:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1276:Digha Nikāya
1274:
1268:
1264:Sutta Piṭaka
1262:
1259:commentaries
1254:Cariyāpiṭaka
1252:
1246:
1240:
1236:Jataka tales
1234:
1232:
1218:
1214:
1213:, and two –
1206:
1202:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1022:bodhisattvas
1014:commentaries
1009:
1007:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
954:
950:
946:
944:
937:
928:
920:
912:
908:
903:
902:
889:
888:
887:
555:Merit making
534:
520:Three Jewels
460:Buddhavacana
390:Impermanence
378:Dharma wheel
6322:Workmanship
6212:Punctuality
6130:Magnanimity
6053:Hospitality
6003:Forgiveness
5948:Discernment
5906:Cleanliness
5445:Dharma talk
5274:Asalha Puja
5070:Eschatology
4873:Switzerland
4853:New Zealand
4781:Middle East
4690:Philippines
4610:Afghanistan
4415:Bodhidharma
4400:Buddhaghosa
4320:Householder
4230:Monasticism
4183:Bodhisattva
4038:Prostration
3991:Mindfulness
3919:Anapanasati
3902:Kammaṭṭhāna
3699:Korean Seon
3639:Asura realm
3634:Human realm
3574:Ten Fetters
3529:Parinirvana
3431:Uppalavanna
3396:Mahākaccana
3381:Mahākassapa
3313:Kṣitigarbha
3308:Ākāśagarbha
3205:Suddhodāna
3150:Four sights
3077:Foundations
2873:Dhṛtarāṣṭra
2721:Key figures
2682:Bodhisattva
2609:Lotus Sūtra
2520:Rhys Davids
2480:. Oxford:
2430:Works cited
1733:bodhichitta
1435:Mahāvibhāṣā
1392:Mahāvibhāṣā
1354:arahantship
1342:bodhisattva
1248:Buddhavamsa
1229:Historicity
1089:Buddhavamsa
1064:bodhisattva
790:New Zealand
645:Bodhisattva
630:Four Stages
585:Monasticism
565:Mindfulness
535:Perfections
465:Early Texts
65:Pāramīs in
6776:Categories
6635:Auctoritas
6483:Aparigraha
6462:Adhiṭṭhāna
6444:Sophrosyne
6412:Eutrapelia
6297:Temperance
6277:Solidarity
6267:Simplicity
6227:Resilience
6202:Politeness
6170:Patriotism
6150:Moderation
6023:Good faith
6013:Generosity
5973:Equanimity
5953:Discipline
5911:Compassion
5562:Psychology
5542:Gnosticism
5530:Comparison
5525:Influences
5507:Comparison
5390:Bhavacakra
5348:Kushinagar
5323:Pilgrimage
5269:Māgha Pūjā
5224:Bodhi Tree
5040:Buddhology
5030:Abhidharma
5022:Philosophy
4955:Menander I
4823:Costa Rica
4774:Uzbekistan
4615:Bangladesh
4569:Dhammapada
4553:Pali Canon
4515:Ajahn Chah
4495:Dalai Lama
4395:Kumārajīva
4390:Vasubandhu
4365:The Buddha
4273:Zen master
4208:Sakadagami
4188:Buddhahood
4119:Pratimokṣa
3934:Shikantaza
3890:Meditation
3865:Deity yoga
3736:Madhyamaka
3629:Deva realm
3524:Mindstream
3474:Bodhicitta
3386:Aṅgulimāla
3253:Devadatta
3229:Yaśodharā
3132:The Buddha
3122:Middle Way
2868:Vaiśravaṇa
2854:daughters)
2850:(with ten
2626:Components
2359:2024-09-03
2332:2020-01-27
2294:2020-01-27
2253:2020-01-27
2215:2020-01-27
2023:2020-01-26
1971:2020-01-27
1942:2020-01-26
1892:Lopez 1988
1878:2020-01-27
1849:2020-01-28
1816:References
1764:happiness.
1635:Praṇidhāna
1607:Adhiṭṭhāna
1579:Dhammapala
1387:Vaibhāṣika
1346:bodhisatta
1334:multi-life
1209:—are also
1171:Adhiṭṭhāna
1084:Pāli Canon
1018:Dhammapala
663:Traditions
600:Pilgrimage
540:Meditation
500:Post-canon
480:Pāli Canon
410:Middle Way
307:The Buddha
175:Praṇidhāna
109:Adhiṭṭhāna
6683:Humanitas
6429:Phronesis
6420:Philotimo
6272:Sincerity
6237:Reverence
6105:Judgement
6093:Emotional
6083:Integrity
6073:Innocence
6028:Gratitude
6008:Frugality
5998:Foresight
5978:Etiquette
5968:Endurance
5943:Diligence
5866:Alertness
5815:Scout Law
5716:Endowment
5630:Festivals
5610:Buddhists
5572:Theosophy
5375:Symbolism
5365:Hama yumi
5338:Bodh Gaya
5105:Socialism
5080:Evolution
5055:Economics
4893:Venezuela
4808:Australia
4803:Argentina
4727:Sri Lanka
4722:Singapore
4640:Indonesia
4602:Countries
4543:Tripiṭaka
4505:Ajahn Mun
4380:Nagarjuna
4375:Aśvaghoṣa
4258:Anagārika
4253:Śrāmaṇerī
4248:Śrāmaṇera
4243:Bhikkhunī
4203:Sotāpanna
4092:Passaddhi
4033:Offerings
4008:Nekkhamma
3885:Iddhipada
3805:Practices
3775:Theravada
3748:Vajrayana
3741:Yogachara
3711:Pure Land
3624:Six Paths
3611:Cosmology
3391:Anuruddha
3366:Sāriputta
3356:Kaundinya
3348:Disciples
3323:Vajrapāṇi
3175:Footprint
3140:Tathāgata
2952:Yaśodharā
2937:Śāriputra
2897:Kauṇḍinya
2892:Aniruddha
2858:Nāgakanya
2817:Vairocana
2802:Akshobhya
2692:Emptiness
2452:. Kandy:
1821:Citations
1753:paramitas
1697:has said:
1691:Vajrayana
1558:bsam-gtan
1481:pāramitās
1477:pāramitās
1371:disciples
1330:backstory
1126:Nekkhamma
945:The term
934:Etymology
929:pāramitā.
810:Sri Lanka
800:Singapore
755:Indonesia
695:Vajrayāna
670:Theravāda
625:Awakening
513:Practices
470:Tripiṭaka
440:Cosmology
415:Emptiness
395:Suffering
84:Nekkhamma
67:Theravada
6676:Gravitas
6659:Dignitas
6405:Ataraxia
6287:Sympathy
6217:Religion
6207:Prudence
6165:Patience
6140:Meekness
6115:Kindness
6063:Humility
6058:Humanity
5993:Fidelity
5938:Courtesy
5901:Chivalry
5896:Chastity
5886:Charisma
5881:Calmness
5871:Altruism
5648:Category
5577:Violence
5547:Hinduism
5495:Sanskrit
5450:Hinayana
5435:Amitābha
5395:Swastika
5264:Uposatha
5254:Holidays
5239:Calendar
5085:Humanism
4923:Kanishka
4913:Timeline
4737:Thailand
4705:Kalmykia
4700:Buryatia
4685:Pakistan
4670:Mongolia
4665:Maldives
4660:Malaysia
4625:Cambodia
4490:Shamarpa
4485:Nichiren
4435:Xuanzang
4370:Nagasena
4288:Rinpoche
4018:Pāramitā
3860:Devotion
3780:Navayana
3768:Dzogchen
3731:Nichiren
3679:Mahayana
3671:Branches
3549:Saṅkhāra
3298:Mañjuśrī
3255:(cousin)
3247:(cousin)
3215:(mother)
3207:(father)
3195:Miracles
3145:Birthday
3062:Glossary
3035:Buddhism
2985:Cheontae
2880:Śrāvakas
2862:Nāgaraja
2748:Mañjuśrī
2743:Maitreya
2675:Concepts
2499:(1988).
2448:(1978).
2412:Archived
2326:Archived
2288:Archived
2247:Archived
2209:Archived
2175:57298090
2126:Velthuis
2118:Archived
2014:Archived
2010:40888949
1965:Archived
1933:Archived
1929:40888949
1872:Archived
1843:Archived
1770:See also
1748:paramita
1720:Mahayana
1716:Hinayana
1708:vehicles
1693:.
1657:pāramitā
1647:pāramitā
1637:pāramitā
1627:pāramitā
1571:shes-rab
1567:pāramitā
1554:pāramitā
1541:pāramitā
1528:pāramitā
1511:pāramitā
1502:sbyin-pa
1498:pāramitā
1473:Mahāyāna
1423:wisdom (
1416:energy (
1285:and the
1044:, or an
1030:(paramī)
993:Pāramitā
969:pāramitā
965:pāramitā
947:pāramitā
925:Mahayana
923:, while
913:pāramitā
895:Sanskrit
890:Pāramitā
820:Thailand
780:Mongolia
775:Malaysia
740:Cambodia
705:Navayana
685:Hinayana
680:Mahāyāna
590:Lay life
420:Morality
400:Not-self
358:Concepts
317:Councils
302:Timeline
274:Glossary
256:Buddhism
248:a series
246:Part of
133:Mahayana
49:Pāramitā
42:a series
40:Part of
6731:Sadaqah
6717:Ganbaru
6650:Decorum
6642:Caritas
6597:Śraddhā
6583:Shaucha
6548:Kshanti
6476:Akrodha
6331:Chinese
6232:Respect
6155:Modesty
6125:Loyalty
6110:Justice
6078:Insight
6038:Honesty
6033:Heroism
5963:Empathy
5921:Courage
5891:Charity
5804:Pāramīs
5702:Virtues
5625:Temples
5605:Buddhas
5567:Science
5557:Judaism
5552:Jainism
5470:Lineage
5430:Abhijñā
5400:Thangka
5343:Sarnath
5328:Lumbini
5249:Funeral
5244:Cuisine
5120:Culture
5095:Reality
5045:Creator
5035:Atomism
4905:History
4878:Ukraine
4838:Germany
4757:Senegal
4747:Vietnam
4675:Myanmar
4475:Shinran
4465:Karmapa
4440:Shandao
4410:Dignāga
4335:Śrāvaka
4315:Donchee
4310:Kappiya
4268:Sayadaw
4238:Bhikkhu
4213:Anāgāmi
4170:Nirvana
4136:Samadhi
4023:Paritta
3964:Tonglen
3959:Mandala
3914:Smarana
3895:Mantras
3843:Upekkha
3813:Bhavana
3763:Shingon
3716:Tiantai
3569:Tathātā
3559:Śūnyatā
3554:Skandha
3544:Saṃsāra
3539:Rebirth
3514:Kleshas
3504:Indriya
3406:Subhūti
3291:Guanyin
3245:Ānanda
3237:Rāhula
3117:Nirvana
3057:Outline
2942:Subhūti
2852:rākṣasī
2790:Buddhas
2737:Guanyin
1612:In the
1599:Upekkhā
1532:bzod-pa
1363:Buddhas
1350:pāramīs
1344:(Pāli:
1322:nibbana
1313:nikāyas
1297:śramaṇa
1242:Apadāna
1219:upekkhā
1207:upekkhā
1199:virtues
1189:Upekkhā
1092:of the
1082:In the
1078:, India
1072:Nalanda
1047:arahant
1010:pāramīs
979:, with
830:Vietnam
785:Myanmar
700:Tibetan
690:Chinese
618:Nirvāṇa
435:Saṃsāra
430:Rebirth
295:History
284:Outline
119:Upekkhā
6787:Virtue
6699:Virtus
6691:Pietas
6610:Upekṣā
6603:Saddhā
6569:Prajñā
6562:Muditā
6541:Kshama
6534:Karuṇā
6497:Asteya
6490:Ārjava
6469:Ahimsa
6454:Indian
6437:Sophia
6312:Wisdom
6190:Filial
6098:Social
6043:Honour
5620:Sutras
5615:Suttas
5480:Siddhi
5465:Koliya
5440:Brahmā
5355:Poetry
5301:Mantra
5291:Kasaya
5163:Pagoda
5143:Kyaung
5138:Vihāra
5133:Temple
5075:Ethics
4918:Ashoka
4868:Sweden
4863:Poland
4858:Norway
4848:Mexico
4833:France
4818:Canada
4813:Brazil
4752:Africa
4732:Taiwan
4695:Russia
4620:Bhutan
4580:Vinaya
4460:Naropa
4450:Saraha
4385:Asanga
4141:Prajñā
4050:Refuge
4013:Nianfo
3974:Tertön
3969:Tantra
3954:Ganana
3944:Tukdam
3870:Dhyāna
3838:Mudita
3833:Karuṇā
3726:Risshū
3721:Huayan
3654:Naraka
3594:Anattā
3589:Dukkha
3584:Anicca
3489:Dharma
3441:Channa
3376:Ānanda
3361:Assaji
3328:Skanda
3231:(wife)
3200:Family
3180:Relics
3105:Sangha
3100:Dharma
3095:Buddha
2979:Tendai
2932:Rāhula
2887:Ānanda
2848:Hārītī
2843:Brahmā
2509:
2488:
2404:
2380:
2318:
2280:
2239:
2201:
2173:
2163:
2053:Asokan
2008:
1998:
1927:
1917:
1724:tantra
1673:, the
1605:, and
1603:Dhyāna
1591:Prajñā
1565:Prajñā
1552:Dhyāna
1524:Kṣānti
1456:prajñā
1450:Dhyāna
1442:Kṣānti
1426:prajñā
1338:Buddha
1191:pāramī
1182:pāramī
1173:pāramī
1164:pāramī
1155:pāramī
1153:Khanti
1146:pāramī
1144:Viriya
1137:pāramī
1128:pāramī
1119:pāramī
1110:pāramī
1102:) as:
1086:, the
961:parama
951:parama
921:pāramī
909:Pāramī
904:pāramī
815:Taiwan
795:Russia
735:Brazil
730:Bhutan
650:Buddha
570:Wisdom
353:Dharma
165:Prajñā
160:Dhyāna
150:Kṣānti
99:Khanti
94:Viriya
6755:Virtù
6709:Other
6668:Fides
6627:Latin
6617:Vīrya
6576:Satya
6555:Mettā
6518:Dhṛti
6397:Arete
6389:Agape
6381:Greek
6307:Trust
6292:Taste
6185:Piety
6145:Mercy
6018:Glory
5983:Faith
5931:Moral
5926:Civil
5845:Yamas
5592:Lists
5460:Kalpa
5455:Iddhi
5318:Music
5313:Mudra
5279:Vassa
5259:Vesak
5229:Budai
5175:Candi
5158:Stupa
5090:Logic
4843:Italy
4742:Tibet
4680:Nepal
4650:Korea
4645:Japan
4635:India
4630:China
4575:Sutra
4530:Texts
4480:Dōgen
4470:Hōnen
4455:Atiśa
4420:Zhiyi
4330:Achar
4298:Tulku
4293:Geshe
4278:Rōshi
4263:Ajahn
4218:Arhat
4178:Bodhi
4148:Vīrya
4065:Sacca
4060:Satya
4055:Sādhu
4043:Music
3986:Merit
3979:Terma
3939:Zazen
3875:Faith
3828:Mettā
3509:Karma
3469:Bardo
3436:Asita
3426:Khema
3416:Upāli
3401:Nanda
3239:(son)
3213:Māyā
3190:Films
3067:Index
2982:, K.
2947:Upāli
2922:Nanda
2838:Śakra
2831:Devas
2055:...."
2017:(PDF)
1992:(PDF)
1936:(PDF)
1911:(PDF)
1655:Jñāna
1625:Upāya
1595:Mettā
1583:Sacca
1539:Vīrya
1418:vīrya
1369:, or
1221:—are
1215:vīrya
1203:mettā
1180:Mettā
1162:Sacca
1135:Paññā
1076:Bihar
971:into
825:Tibet
765:Korea
760:Japan
750:India
745:China
710:Newar
635:Arhat
425:Karma
279:Index
185:Jñāna
170:Upāya
155:Vīrya
114:Mettā
104:Sacca
89:Paññā
6747:Sisu
6739:Seny
6724:Giri
6590:Sevā
6511:Dāna
6348:Jing
6197:Pity
6120:Love
6048:Hope
5958:Duty
5490:Pāḷi
5475:Māra
5385:Flag
4786:Iran
4710:Tuva
4655:Laos
4283:Lama
4131:Śīla
4099:Śīla
4087:Pīti
4077:Sati
4028:Puja
3949:Koan
3855:Dāna
3446:Yasa
3333:Tārā
2976:(J.
2819:(in
2507:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2420:2020
2402:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2316:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2237:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2171:OCLC
2161:ISBN
2130:Pāli
2006:OCLC
1996:ISBN
1925:OCLC
1915:ISBN
1714:The
1663:The
1652:10.
1645:Bala
1597:and
1589:and
1587:Śīla
1509:Śīla
1496:Dāna
1486:The
1433:The
1410:śīla
1402:dāna
1382:The
1217:and
1205:and
1117:Sīla
1108:Dāna
1038:, a
985:mita
981:pāra
977:mita
975:and
973:pāra
911:and
899:Pali
770:Laos
675:Pāli
180:Bala
145:Śīla
140:Dāna
79:Sīla
74:Dāna
6526:Hrī
6363:Ren
6317:Wit
5212:Art
5148:Wat
3684:Zen
1642:9.
1632:8.
1622:7.
1459:).
989:ita
6778::
6371:Yi
6355:Li
6340:De
4714:ru
2639::
2484:.
2410:.
2352:.
2341:^
2324:.
2286:.
2262:^
2245:.
2207:.
2183:^
2169:.
2012:.
2004:.
1963:.
1959:.
1931:.
1923:.
1870:.
1866:.
1841:.
1837:.
1593:,
1429:),
1420:),
1413:),
1404:),
1365:,
1299:.
1279:,
1273:,
1251:,
1245:,
1239:,
1225:.
1074:,
1070:.
1062:A
1050:.
897:,
805:US
250:on
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6600:/
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5687:t
5680:v
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4712:(
3930:)
3926:(
3021:e
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3007:v
2988:)
2825:)
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2735:(
2600:e
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2586:v
2532:.
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2470:.
2456:.
2422:.
2362:.
2335:.
2297:.
2256:.
2218:.
2177:.
2026:.
1974:.
1945:.
1881:.
1852:.
1669:(
1573:)
1560:)
1547:)
1534:)
1517:)
1504:)
1394:,
1320:(
1201:—
893:(
877:e
870:t
863:v
232:e
225:t
218:v
34:.
20:)
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