20:
107:
also mentions the sixteen great donations; according to R. C. Hazara, the relevant portion of the text was composed during c. 600-1000 CE, most probably after 800 CE. The great gifts are also described in the later digests devoted to the topic of charity
143:(c. 540-567) is known to have performed the hiranyagarbha ritual (although not mentioned as a Great Gift) to proclaim his sovereignty. The earliest known epigraphically-attested donations called the "great gifts" were made by the 7th century
72:
The earliest inscriptions that mention the sixteen great gifts as a category date from the 8th century onward, but these great gifts have been described in the earlier literature, such as the
205:
of the 14th-16th centuries, the Great Gift ceremonies were used to proclaim the rulers' beneficence and independence. For example, the Nallur inscription of king
101:
that mentions the sixteen great gifts appears to have been composed during 550-650 CE. It states that several ancient kings performed the great gifts. The
532:
509:
486:
462:
151:(alias Cendan). According to his inscription, the king performed three of the great gifts: hiranya-garbha, go-sahasra, and tula-pursuha. The
178:(11th-12th century) mention three of the great gifts: tulapurusha, gosahasra, and pancha-langala (or pancha-langalaka). The Chandela king
594:
574:
553:
171:(c. 10th century), the Great Gift ceremony had become the principal sign of a king's beneficence, overlordship, and independence.
29:
ceremony: the girl is being weighed against the bananas (in place of gold); the bananas would be donated after the ceremony
236:(Tula-purusha), the gift of the man on the scales (weighing of a person and donation of equivalent weight in gold)
297:
The two most-frequently mentioned great gifts in the historical records are tula-purusha and hiranya-garbha. The
78:. Some of these donations included in the category pre-date the concept of sixteen great gifts. For example, the
239:
61:
183:
472:
446:
210:
202:
525:
Of Gods and Books: Ritual and
Knowledge Transmission in the Manuscript Cultures of Premodern India
198:(r. c. 1178-1206) performed the great gift of Hemashva-ratha, otherwise called Hiranyashva-ratha.
175:
599:
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528:
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497:
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564:
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195:
144:
588:
168:
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74:
498:"Royal Eulogy as World History: Rethinking Copper-Plate Inscriptions in Cola India"
249:
191:
140:
113:
103:
90:, composed in the 1st millennium BCE, describes tula-purusha, hiranya-garbha, and
566:
Religious
Beliefs and Practices of North India During the Early Mediaeval Period
233:
206:
187:
152:
86:
80:
57:
25:
451:"The Ceremony of Tulāpuruṣa: The Purāṇic Concept and the Epigraphical Evidence"
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mentions tula-purusha as the first and the best among the sixteen great gifts.
156:
45:: Ṣoḍaśa-Mahā-dāna) refers to a category of ritual donations mentioned in the
261:
254:
91:
16:
Category of ritual donations mentioned in the
Puranic texts of ancient India
19:
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Hiraṇyāśva-ratha (Hiranyashva-ratha), the gift of the golden horse chariot
60:— weighing of a person and the donation of equivalent weight in gold, and
136:
38:
502:
Querying the
Medieval: Texts and the History of Practices in South Asia
164:
125:
109:
46:
179:
453:. In Adalbert J. Gail; Gerd J. R. Mevissen; Richard Salomon (eds.).
335:
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331:
318:
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190:(r. c. 1073-1123 CE) are known to have performed tulapurusha. The
50:
18:
376:
374:
372:
269:
Pañca-lāṅgala (Pancha-langala), the gift of the five ploughshares
226:
42:
281:
Viṣṇu-cakra (Vishnu-chakra), the gift of the universal wheel
478:
Studies in the
Religious Life of Ancient and Medieval India
278:
Hema-hasti-ratha, the gift of the golden elephant chariot
521:"Manuscripts, Ritual, and the State in Indian Sources"
266:
Hiraṇyāśva (Hiranyashva), the gift of the golden horse
163:) ceremony, apparently as a replacement for the Vedic
213:
mentions that he performed the sixteen great gifts.
545:
The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian
Kingdom
428:
351:
339:
322:
56:The most prominent of these donations include the
404:
380:
293:Mahā-bhūta-ghaṭa, the gift of the pot of elements
284:Kalpa-latā, the gift of the wish-granting vines
455:Script and Image: Papers on Art and Epigraphy
8:
416:
392:
221:The sixteen great gifts, according to the
272:Dhārā (or Prithvi), the gift of the earth
363:
287:Sapta-sāgara, the gift of the seven seas
310:
290:Ratna-dhenu, the gift of the jewel-cow
245:Brahmāṇḍa, the gift of the Brahma-egg
242:, the gift of the golden embryo (pot)
7:
159:(c. 753 CE) performed a Great Gift (
260:Hiraṇya-kāmadhenu, the gift of the
14:
548:. University of Michigan Press.
64:— the donation of a golden pot.
248:Kalpa-pādapa, the gift of the
1:
257:, the gift of a thousand cows
225:, are as follows: (names in
167:rituals. By the time of the
519:Florinda De Simini (2016).
504:. Oxford University Press.
182:(r. c. 950-999 CE) and the
23:A modern adaptation of the
616:
542:Nicholas B. Dirks (1993).
595:Rituals in Hindu worship
429:Annette Schmiedchen 2006
352:Annette Schmiedchen 2006
340:Annette Schmiedchen 2006
174:The inscriptions of the
481:. Motilal Banarsidass.
457:. Motilal Banarsidass.
323:Florinda De Simini 2016
217:List of the great gifts
405:Nicholas B. Dirks 1993
381:Nicholas B. Dirks 1993
130:Chaturvarga-chintamani
30:
563:V. B. Mishra (1973).
22:
447:Annette Schmiedchen
354:, pp. 145–146.
211:Vijayanagara Empire
203:Vijayanagara Empire
97:The section of the
35:sixteen great gifts
250:wish-granting tree
176:Gahadavala dynasty
31:
534:978-3-11-047881-5
511:978-0-19-512430-9
496:Daud Ali (2000).
488:978-81-208-2790-5
464:978-81-208-2944-2
417:D. C. Sircar 1971
407:, pp. 37–38.
393:V. B. Mishra 1973
262:wish-granting cow
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132:(13th century).
41:: षोडश-महा-दान;
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527:. De Gruyter.
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364:Daud Ali 2000
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234:Tulā-puruṣa
207:Harihara II
188:Yashahkarna
153:Rashtrakuta
124:section of
118:Dana-sagara
112:), such as
87:parishishta
81:Atharvaveda
49:of ancient
26:tulapurusha
589:Categories
305:References
255:Go-sahasra
157:Dantidurga
122:Danakhanda
120:, and the
569:. BRILL.
184:Kalachuri
92:gosahasra
600:Donation
475:(1971).
449:(2006).
161:mahadana
137:Chalukya
39:Sanskrit
201:In the
165:shrauta
126:Hemadri
114:Ballala
68:History
573:
552:
531:
508:
485:
461:
180:Dhanga
145:Pandya
194:king
186:king
155:king
147:king
139:king
51:India
571:ISBN
550:ISBN
529:ISBN
506:ISBN
483:ISBN
459:ISBN
227:IAST
192:Sena
135:The
110:dāna
43:IAST
33:The
209:of
128:'s
116:'s
591::
523:.
500:.
371:^
330:^
313:^
229:)
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53:.
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108:(
84:-
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
