63:
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450:. In 1984, President Leon Febres-Cordero, appointed Durán-Ballén Minister of Housing, position he held until 1988 when the Social Christian Party chose him to run again for president. However "his heart was not in it" as his youngest daughter of his nine children was going through the rigors of bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy because of leukemia. She died in 1989 at the age of 29.
512:
also faced harsh criticism when he eliminated the
External Credit Committee in 1995 and was accused of abuse and subjection to public indebtedness. In response to the corruption allegations against him, Ballén called for a second popular referendum to allow reforms as per modernization of the state, which were largely rejected.
511:
During his presidency, there was criticism towards Ballén's economic policies. Many analysts agree that all these actions carried out under his economic plan meant the prelude to almost absolute insolvency to which the country would arrive in 1998 with an external debt of 16.4 billion dollars. He
499:
Durán-Ballén was inaugurated president on 10 August 1992. At age 71, Ballén was the oldest person to have served as president. During his time as president, he actively pursued structural reform to modernize the
Ecuadorian state and cut down wasteful bureaucratic spending. During his presidency,
62:
2333:
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led by his former party. It spearheaded many of the corruption allegations against his administration and members of his family, accused of illicit enrichment, in cases such as "Flores y Miel" ("Flowers and Honey"). The impeachment of his Vice
President
469:
At the end of 1990 he publicly criticized the direction of the PSC in a public statement. In
February 1991 he contested the internal elections for the party leadership, in which the Guayaquil faction (led by Febres-Cordero) succeeded in appointing
478:
As a consequence, Durán-Ballén and his supporters left the party to form the more right-wing
Republican Union Party. This decision was widely popular as it was seen as breaking with the political establishment, even being compared with Peru’s
680:
380:
during the last years of his presidency. He received positive ratings, upon leaving office four years later on 10 August 1996. His presidency was seen favorably by the public polls, but received mixed opinions from scholars.
1606:
632:, for allegedly using public funds illicitly, further weakened his stance. However, none of these claims were properly supported and are suspected to have been started by his political adversaries to weaken his legacy.
622:
Ballen led
Ecuador to a victory in the 1995 conflict with Peru, uniting the country under his famous slogan "ni un paso atrás". Ballen's term in office was also characterized by a continued political stalemate with a
1059:
474:
as presidential candidate and national director. Durán-Ballén alleged irregularities in the election of party delegates, to no avail (and despite opinion polls reportedly giving him advantage over Nebot).
519:. The World Bank insistent on the privatization of public services which resulted in the reduction of jobs, the elimination of alleged subsidies and the profitability of the Ecuadorian state management.
500:
Ballén lowered the
Ecuadorian inflation from 67% to 24%. The result was a significant reduction of government deficits and a thriving private sector. Durán-Ballén also led Ecuador into membership in the
1301:
690:
548:. Upon leaving office, Ballén was praised by the public opinion, while his economic policies and his involvement in the Cenepa War, caused his presidency to have mixed opinions from scholars.
583:
Ballén died in his sleep at his home in
Northern Quito on the night of 15 November 2016, from natural causes at the age of 95. He is survived by his wife Josefina and their eight children.
575:
and edited by the publisher of the
Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar. In 2006, he appeared as a candidate for the Andean Parliament for the Christian Democratic Union, but was not elected.
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361:. In 1991, he left the Social Christian Party and formed a new conservative group, the Republican Union Party (PUR), before running for president for the third time in 1992.
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435:, he served as minister of public works from 1956 to 1960. Went on to Washington DC where was named Deputy Director of Projects Analysis, at the beginnings of the
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In 1995, Ballén proved to be one of
Ecuador's most successful war-time leaders when his determined leadership united a divided country under the theme
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was held on the following day on 16 November at Quito's city hall. His funeral procession later conclude at a religious service at the
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397:. He was born while his parents, Sixto Durán-Ballén Romero and Maria Eugenia Cordovéz y Cayzedo, were on a diplomatic mission in the
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and in Quito. His secondary schooling was with the Jesuits at San Gabriel high school. Durán-Ballén studied architecture at
796:
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2010:
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508:. The admission to the WTO had a significant impact on the nation's political institutions and export competitiveness.
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606:, were also those in attendance. His remains were later buried in a vault at the Church of Santa Teresita in Quito.
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541:. The war ended with both nations withdrawing troops on 28 December 1995, a few months before Ballén left office.
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in 1984 and again in 1998. he helped to modernize the Ecuadorian economy while facing challenges from the
123:
1757:
1455:"Rafael Correa autoriza a la Cancillería y a Defensa organizar funeral de Estado para Sixto Durán Ballén"
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Ballén faced challenges while attempting to secure the modernization of the Ecuadorian economy from the
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did not attend the funeral but he declared three days of national mourning. Former president
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1995:
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480:
439:. Returning in 1968 to his private practice of Architecture, ran for Mayor and was elected
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In 1979 he ran as the PSC's presidential candidate, but was defeated by the populist
398:
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1990:
1983:
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Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
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534:. His last years as president, he focused on the resolution of the Cenepa War with
33:
17:
2334:
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1875:
1860:
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659:"Sixto Durán Ballén será velado en el Salón de la Ciudad del Municipio de Quito"
471:
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in the media. They subsequently entered into a controversial alliance with the
2105:
1592:
1060:"Partido conservador y unidad republicana mantienen una alianza y no una adhe"
527:
516:
377:
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321:
255:
740:"Sixto Durán Ballén, Ecuador President in Border Clash With Peru, Dies at 95"
405:
350:
431:(PSC) together with Camilo Ponce Enríquez in 1955. Under the presidency of
349:(July 14, 1921 – November 15, 2016) was an Ecuadorian political figure and
1433:"El expresidente Sixto Durán Ballén falleció este martes 15 de noviembre"
1410:
1647:
1682:
897:
Unsettling Statecraft: Democracy and Neoliberalism in the Central Andes
237:
37:
1477:"Políticos de varias tendencias reconocen valía de Sixto Durán Ballén"
819:"El libro que resume la bitácora arquitectónica de Sixto Durán-Ballén"
504:, with negotiations being led by his subsecretary of Foreign Affairs,
565:
390:
357:
between 1970 and 1978. In 1951, he co-founded a political party, the
208:
1499:"Muere el expresidente de Ecuador Sixto Durán Ballén a los 95 años"
560:
in 1998. Between 2001 and 2003, he served as an ambassador to the
229:
1000:
Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America
985:
The Political Feasibility of Adjustment in Ecuador and Venezuela
531:
1651:
1348:. 7 October 2007. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016
1308:. 6 October 2006. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016
501:
487:. Eventually, Durán defeated Nebot in the second round of the
556:
Following his presidency, Ballén was elected deputy for the
1174:"Former Ecuadorian President Sixto Duran Ballen Dead at 95"
681:"Former President of Ecuador Sixto Durán Ballén Dies at 95"
1551:"Se develó la escultura del arquitecto Sixto Durán-Ballén"
404:
Ballén studied at San Jose La Salle grammar schools in
635:
In December 2021, a statue of him was erected in Quito.
1385:"Falleció en Quito el expresidente Sixto Durán Ballén"
867:"Former Ecuador President Duran-Ballen Dies at Age 95"
1258:"Sixto Durán no se arrepiente del 'Ni un paso atrás'"
1003:. Stanford University Press. 1995. pp. 443–444.
526:
which means "not a single step backwards" during the
1302:"El Parlamento Andino no tiene facultad legislativa"
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1594:Interview with former president Sixto Durán Ballén
1407:"Former Ecuador President Duran-Ballen Dead at 95"
1221:
1219:
1202:"Ecuador and the IMF – Address by Stanley Fischer"
1117:"Political and Energy Crises Foil Ecuador's Hopes"
412:, where he graduated first in his class in 1945.
1366:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1326:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1435:(in Spanish). El Comercio.com. 15 November 2016
1387:(in Spanish). El Universo.com. 15 November 2016
766:"Hace 20 años fue el conflicto del Alto Cenepa"
44: and the second or maternal family name is
793:"Presidente Duran-Ballen atento en su oficina"
768:(in Spanish). El Universo.com. 26 January 2015
1663:
8:
2309:Social Christian Party (Ecuador) politicians
1479:(in Spanish). Ecuavisa.com. 16 November 2016
1110:
1108:
1085:
1083:
1081:
843:(in Spanish). Hipecuador.htm. Archived from
787:
785:
783:
427:Durán-Ballén was one of the founders of the
2349:Ecuadorian expatriates in the United States
1604:Exclusive interview with Sixto Durán Ballén
1034:"Ideario y estructura de Union Republicana"
841:"Biography of President Sixto Duran Ballen"
544:On 10 August 1996, Ballén was succeeded by
156:August 1, 1970 – February 16, 1978
2324:Members of the National Congress (Ecuador)
1670:
1656:
1648:
1615:
1242:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
571:In 2005, he wrote an autobiography titled
389:Durán-Ballén was born on 14 July 1921, in
88:August 10, 1992 – August 10, 1996
61:
50:
894:Catherine M. Conaghan (15 January 1995).
718:"Tormenta en el partido social cristiano"
653:
651:
649:
647:
27:Ecuadorian political figure and architect
1379:
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956:
954:
952:
950:
712:
710:
708:
613:
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1138:
930:"The World; Latin Leaders Speak Gringo"
643:
1359:
1342:"Sánchez preside el Parlamento Andino"
1319:
1235:
987:, OECD Publications Centre, p. 44
1525:"Sixto el Maleifico de la corrupcion"
1115:Diana Jean Schemo (7 November 1995).
573:A mi manera... Los años de Carondelet
459:1992 Ecuadorian presidential election
7:
2354:20th-century Ecuadorian politicians
1457:. El Comercio.com. 16 November 2016
661:. El Comercio.com. 15 November 2016
602:and Ballén's first vice president,
347:Sixto Alfonso Durán-Ballén Cordovez
196:Sixto Alfonso Durán-Ballén Cordovez
1260:. La Republica.ec. 31 January 2015
983:Morrisson, Christian, ed. (1994),
689:. 16 November 2016. Archived from
25:
1232:. Quito, Ecuador. pp. 74–84.
1152:United States Department of State
1148:"1994 Ecuadorian Economic Report"
618:A statue of Durán Ballén in Quito
291:1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
2262:
1691:
1634:10 August 1992 – 10 August 1996
928:James Brooke (4 December 1994).
900:. University of Pittsburgh Pre.
465:1992 Ecuadorian general election
443:in 1970 and re-elected in 1974.
2314:Government ministers of Ecuador
1580:Biography of Sixto Durán Ballén
437:Inter-American Development Bank
331:University of Wisconsin–Madison
327:Stevens Institute of Technology
310:
247:Church of Santa Teresita, Quito
1970:Second Provisional Government
1553:(in Spanish). 15 December 2021
1527:. Explored.com. Archived from
1062:. Explored.com. Archived from
1036:. Explored.com. Archived from
962:"President Sixto Duran Ballen"
795:. Expolred.com. Archived from
1:
2163:Supreme Council of Government
2126:Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy
2076:Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río
2061:Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río
1925:First Provisional Government
720:(in Spanish). Explored.com.ec
376:and oversaw and resolved the
1282:. Teachwar.com. 4 March 2012
506:Patricio Izurieta Mora-Bowen
364:Durán-Ballén was elected as
36:, the first or paternal
2101:Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola
1944:Francisco Gómez de la Torre
1023:Mainwaring and Scully, 1995
594:. The incumbent president,
552:Post–presidency (1996–2016)
2370:
2304:Ecuadorian Roman Catholics
489:1992 presidential election
462:
31:
2258:
2153:José María Velasco Ibarra
2121:José María Velasco Ibarra
2111:José María Velasco Ibarra
2086:José María Velasco Ibarra
2026:José María Velasco Ibarra
2011:Alberto Guerrero Martínez
1829:Pedro Ignacio Lizarzaburu
1698:
1689:
1636:
1626:
1618:
340:
182:
149:
81:
69:
60:
1891:Carlos Freile Zaldumbide
1881:Carlos Freile Zaldumbide
1609:19 November 2016 at the
1229:Sobre la Deuda Ilegítima
1226:Weber, Gabriela (2008).
2339:Politicians from Boston
1959:Francisco Arízaga Luque
1896:Francisco Andrade Marín
1807:Provisional Government
1280:"Alto Cenepa War, 1995"
265:Republican Union Party
2299:Architects from Boston
2190:Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
2131:Military Junta of 1963
2046:Benigno Andrade Flores
2041:Alberto Enríquez Gallo
1949:José Rafael Bustamante
1803:Ignacio de Veintemilla
1718:José Joaquín de Olmedo
1413:.com. 16 November 2016
1204:. IMF.org. 22 May 2000
746:.com. 18 November 2016
619:
454:Presidency (1992–1996)
429:Social Christian Party
423:Early political career
368:in 1992. He served as
359:Social Christian Party
279:Social Christian Party
2344:Ecuadorian architects
2329:Presidents of Ecuador
2175:Jaime Roldós Aguilera
2116:Camilo Ponce Enríquez
2091:Carlos Mancheno Cajas
2016:Juan de Dios Martínez
1929:Luis Telmo Paz y Miño
1856:Vicente Lucio Salazar
1793:José Javier Eguiguren
1788:Francisco León Franco
1783:Gabriel García Moreno
1773:Gabriel García Moreno
1748:Gabriel García Moreno
1093:. Buscabiografias.com
617:
448:Jaime Roldós Aguilera
433:Camilo Ponce Enríquez
419:in New York in 1945.
177:Álvaro Pérez Intriago
108:Eduardo Peña Triviño
2071:Julio Enrique Moreno
2051:Manuel María Borrero
2006:Carlos Freile Larrea
1979:Julio Enrique Moreno
1954:Modesto Larrea Jijón
1939:Pedro Pablo Garaycoa
1934:Luis Napoleón Dillon
1846:Antonio Flores Jijón
1836:José Plácido Caamaño
1763:Pedro José de Arteta
1630:President of Ecuador
1091:"Sixto Durán Ballén"
366:President of Ecuador
76:President of Ecuador
2185:León Febres Cordero
2158:Guillermo Rodríguez
2081:Julio Teodoro Salem
1851:Luis Cordero Crespo
1841:Pedro José Cevallos
1821:Rafael Pérez Pareja
1816:Luis Cordero Crespo
693:on 16 November 2016
417:Josefina Villalobos
410:Columbia University
335:Columbia University
302:Josefina Villalobos
2269:Ecuador portal
2195:Sixto Durán Ballén
2136:Ramón Castro Jijón
1811:José María Sarasti
1778:Manuel de Ascásubi
1728:Manuel de Ascásubi
1723:Vicente Ramón Roca
1708:Vicente Rocafuerte
1585:Biography by CIDOB
1505:. 16 November 2016
1182:. 16 November 2016
1179:The Times of India
1121:The New York Times
934:The New York Times
875:. 16 November 2016
872:The New York Times
744:The New York Times
620:
592:Cathedral of Quito
562:Court of St. James
558:Pichincha Province
485:Conservative Party
234:Pichincha Province
166:Jaime del Castillo
55:Sixto Durán-Ballén
18:Sixto Durán-Ballén
2276:
2275:
2021:Abelardo Montalvo
2001:Alfredo Baquerizo
1974:Humberto Albornoz
1911:Alfredo Baquerizo
1901:Alfredo Baquerizo
1738:José María Urvina
1646:
1645:
1637:Succeeded by
1010:978-0-8047-6537-4
821:. El Comercio.com
536:President of Peru
344:
343:
16:(Redirected from
2361:
2267:
2266:
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2056:Aurelio Mosquera
1996:Luis Larrea Alba
1916:José Luis Tamayo
1825:Agustín Guerrero
1758:Jerónimo Carrión
1743:Francisco Robles
1713:Juan José Flores
1703:Juan José Flores
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539:Alberto Fujimori
524:Ni un paso atras
481:Alberto Fujimori
314:
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223:15 November 2016
205:
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187:Personal details
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2319:Mayors of Quito
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2245:Guillermo Lasso
2230:Alfredo Palacio
2225:Lucio Gutiérrez
2205:Rosalía Arteaga
2180:Osvaldo Hurtado
2143:Clemente Yerovi
1921:Gonzalo Córdova
1798:Antonio Borrero
1768:Javier Espinosa
1753:Rafael Carvajal
1696:
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1611:Wayback Machine
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1154:. 16 April 1994
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1018:
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997:
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992:
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848:
847:on 4 March 2016
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1991:Isidro Ayora
1984:Isidro Ayora
1964:Moisés Oliva
1627:
1588:(in Spanish)
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172:Succeeded by
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34:Spanish name
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2294:2016 deaths
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1876:Eloy Alfaro
1861:Eloy Alfaro
1733:Diego Noboa
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1346:El Universo
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964:. CIDOB.org
939:16 November
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879:16 November
851:17 November
750:18 November
697:16 November
665:19 November
472:Jaime Nebot
415:He married
370:congressman
282:(1951–1991)
267:(1991–1996)
252:Nationality
162:Preceded by
119:Preceded by
110:(1995–1996)
104:(1992–1995)
2283:Categories
2106:Galo Plaza
1679:Presidents
772:26 January
639:References
528:Cenepa War
517:World Bank
385:Early life
378:Cenepa War
374:World Bank
322:Alma mater
256:Ecuadorian
202:1921-07-14
1312:4 October
1238:cite book
406:Guayaquil
351:architect
152:In office
84:In office
1607:Archived
1557:21 April
1411:Fox News
1362:cite web
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625:Congress
46:Cordovez
32:In this
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1599:YouTube
1306:La Hora
315:
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38:surname
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610:Legacy
566:London
495:Tenure
391:Boston
296:Spouse
288:Height
215:, U.S.
209:Boston
1628:37th
579:Death
530:with
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230:Quito
142:12th
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1559:2024
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1393:2016
1368:link
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586:His
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192:Born
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