1388:
225:(now situated near Baghdad). The Queen, Sudabeh, develops an instantaneous, and all-consuming sexual desire for the young prince, and starts a series of plans to entice him to enter her chambers. She praises Siavash in front of the Court, and invites him to "visit his sisters," and become better acquainted with them. Siavash is not impressed with this proposal and suspects an ulterior motive. The Shah, well-aware of his own queen's connections (she is the daughter of the Shah of Hamavaran) insists that Siavash listen to his "mother" and visit his sisters. In her chambers, the Queen organises a magnificent reception for Siavash . He is seated on a throne, expensive perfumes are lavished upon the chamber, and the ladies sing and dance for his pleasure.
136:, who develops a burning lust for him and begins devising stratagems to lure him into intercourse. However, Siyâvash repeatedly rejects her advances and also strikes down her suggestion to kill his father so that they can rule together. Fearing that he might inform the Shah and have her executed, Sudabeh falsely accuses Siyâvash of raping her. Hearing his plea, the Shah forces him to prove himself by riding through a colossal mountain of fire. Siyâvash overcomes this trial and is ruled innocent, but his relationship with his father still grows cold; Kāvus decides against punishing Sudabeh due to his love for her, nor does he want to risk angering her father, who is the ruler of
342:, China) onto the bride and groom. Siavash sets about creating a new city, called Siavashgird, or "the round city of Siavash", and Gong ("Giant") Castle. However, Siavash's sudden rise to favour at the Turanian court causes much jealousy amongst certain of the knights and dignitaries, who wonder why the Emperor's daughter had been given to the prince of Iran, a foreigner and their sworn enemy. Garsivaz, foremost among the disgruntled few, sends secret messages to Afrasiab, proclaiming Siavash "a traitor," in view of his "letters" that had been sent to his father in Iran, Shah Kay Kavus. He also convinces Siyâvash that Afrasiab is plotting against him and will soon invade
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of the hostages for execution. The letter goes against everything
Siavash had been taught to do by Rostam. Breaking a peace treaty, declaring war, and murdering hostages all sicken him. Siavash knows that he is incapable of these tyrannical acts requested by the Shah, and sees no option but to abandon his homeland and seek refuge in Turan.
245:
he imprisons
Siavash, and orders that hundreds of beasts of burden be used to bring fire wood. A gigantic mountain of fire is set alight in front of the Palace, and Siavash is ordered to ride through the blaze. If he is innocent, he will emerge unscathed, but if guilty, he will surely perish. Siavash, armed as a
228:
The Shah decides that
Siavash should marry one of the ladies, and orders him to choose one immediately, but Siavash refuses to do so, sensing his father's plans for a political union under the guise of marriage. The Queen can no longer control her desire for Siavash. She proposes to have her husband,
281:
Afrasiab, the tyrannical ruler of Turan, a mythical land north of Iran, declares war on the
Iranians again. Kay Kavus decides to make an example of Afrasiab's allies in the City of Balkh, and plans to invade it, but is dissuaded from personally attending the battle field by Rostam, the ultimate hero
244:
The Shah is devastated by the news, but listens to
Siavash's plea of innocence. He first smells Siavash's robes and finds no sign of seduction or perfume upon them. Then he smells the robes of the Queen and finds them laced with the most exquisite of perfumes: a sure sign of seduction. Nevertheless,
240:
She orders one of the witches in her service to find 2 aborted foetuses and place them in a dish. She then runs to the Shah, ripping her robes, screaming, wailing, and crying. The Shah is deeply disturbed by the sight of his wife, bloodied and in tatters. The Queen accuses
Siavash of raping her. She
353:
Siavash is dragged before
Afrasiab, who orders his execution by beheading. Peeran implores the Emperor not to commit the horrendous mistake of killing the innocent: "Do not make thyself a flag upon this Earth." The hot-headed Afrasiab ignores the warning and the execution is carried out swiftly. As
312:
The
Iranian Shah is disgusted with Siavash's behaviour, because he had hoped that Afrasiab would be killed in battle. He writes a letter to Siavash at the height of his fury, and orders him to return home, while assigning Toos as the new commander of the Iranian forces. He also demands the transfer
208:
Rostam instructs the young Siyâvash in the arts of riding, archery, hunting, conduct and speaking the truth, these being the fundamentals in the
Acheamenian system of education - as reflected in the Shahnameh on several occasions. After several years of instruction, Siavash asks Rostam's permission
337:
Despite exile, Siavash is determined to find a new life for himself in the land of Turan. Afrasiab, the
Turanian Emperor receives him warmly, and Peeran, the Grand Vizier, provides him with solace in his first few days in a foreign land. Eventually, Siavash falls in love with and marries Ferigees
167:, Siyâvash is widely regarded as a symbol of innocence. His defence of his own chastity, self-imposed exile, constancy in love for his wife, and ultimate execution at the hands of his adopted hosts have become intertwined with Iranian mythology over the millennia. His name is also linked with the
349:
Soon, the impetuous and egotistical Turanian Emperor mobilises against Siavash, and defeats his small army. However, Siavash manages to help his wife, Ferigees to escape with Peeran, who ensures that Ferigees reaches Iran, where her son, Kay Khosrow will grow to become a wise Shah who eventually
253:
and wearing a white cape, the symbol of innocence, mounts his faithful black steed and charges straight into the vast pyre. The Court holds its breath, as he disappears among the flames, but shortly afterward, the white knight and his valiant black war horse emerge from the fire unscathed and
257:
Kay Kavus, the Shah, orders the immediate execution of the Queen for bringing shame on his name and kingdom. Wise and sober as ever, Siavash begs for clemency. He knows that the Shah loves his wife and will soon regret her passing. Not long after, the fickle Shah might even accuse Siavash of
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Iranian knights discover a beautiful young woman while on a hunting trip, a favourite pastime of the army hierarchy. They cannot decide on who should possess her for his own pleasure, and a major dispute erupts between them. Finally, they decide to take her to the Shah,
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Siyâvash's blood reaches the ground, a plant grows upon the same spot and is later named "Khune Asyavushan," or the "blood of Siavash." This line in the epic ties the story to the early links between the name "Siavash," and his role as the spirit of vegetative growth.
297:. The intense battle results in a crushing defeat for the Turanians who are captured by Siyâvash. Disturbed by ill-omens in his sleep, Afrasiab dreams of his own defeat, and upon hearing the news from Balkh, sends horses, armour, and swords, suing for peace.
1387:
229:
the Shah of Iran, murdered so that she and Siavash can rule together, but he absolutely refuses to have anything to do with her. Queen Sudabeh realises that Siavash might reveal her plans to her husband, resulting in her certain death.
258:
orchestrating the whole fiasco. The Shah is reminded of the Queen's royal connections, and the importance of his treaty with the Shah of Hamavaran. He relents, forgives his wife, and peace is temporarily restored to life at court.
156:, who declare war on Iran. A distressed Rostam blames Sudabeh for Siyâvash's death, drags her out of her palace, and executes her in public. Meanwhile, Siyâvash's wife manages to escape to Iran, where her son
217:
At first, Siavash is well received at Court. The ladies swoon over his youthful good looks, while the men are impressed by his mastery of the arts. The Shah even appoints him Ruler of
338:("Curly Locks"), the Emperor's daughter, thereby sealing his new attachment to life at the Turanian Court. Delighted with the marriage, Afrasiab bestows the county of Khotan (now in
301:
represents Afrasiab at the peace talks. Siavash agrees to keep one hundred hostages and the return of lands taken from Iran by the Turanians in return for peace. The cities of
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to be well-versed in the arts of war. He returns as a highly skilled and handsome young man, and is granted entry to the royal court as a prince and the new ruler of
27:
496:
664:
Warner, Arthur and Edmond Warner, (translators) The Shahnama of Firdausi, 9 vols. (London: Keegan Paul, 1905-1925) (complete English verse translation)
602:
Zhivkov, Boris (2015). "The Ideology of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries: The Difficult Reconciliation of Steppe Traditions with Judaic Monotheism".
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The second part of the Epic of Siavash is dedicated to his separation from his homeland, his unjust treatment at the hands of his own father,
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are said, in Iranian folklore, to bow their heads and weep for the blameless and martyred Siyâvash and this may be the identity of the plant
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becomes the next Shah. Khosrow leads the Iranian campaign against the Turanian army and takes revenge on Afrasiab for his father's death.
798:
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693:, to be published in 8 volumes (ca. 500 pages each), consisting of six volumes of text and two volumes of explanatory notes. See:
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and Siyâvash is the result of their union. However, as Siyâvash's mother is not an aristocrat, the Shah decides to send him to
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1757:
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and thus a powerful Eastern ally of the Iranian nation. Finding no alternative, Siyâvash goes into self-imposed exile in
949:
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575:
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Siyavash faces Afrasiyab across the Jihun River, from Master of the Jainesque Shahnama, 15th century, Sultanate India.
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592:С.П. Толстов. «По следам древнехорезмийской цивилизации», Издательство Академии Наук СССР, 1948. (In Russian)
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309:, Haj, and the Punjab are returned to Iranian rule while the hostages are taken into custody by Siavash.
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of the Shahnameh. Siavash volunteers for duty, and is immediately sent towards Balkh, and certain war.
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752:""The Earth My Throne, The Heavens My Crown": Siyāvash as Supranational Hero in Ferdowsi's Shāh-nāma"
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Amjad, Hamid (2013). "From the Land of the Pure, in Search of the Lost Origin: An Interview with
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has inspired hundreds of poems, essays, songs and stories in Iranian literature, among them
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The news of his execution causes uproar in Iran, and, to this day, is still commemorated in
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performed sacrifices and other rituals dedicated to Siyâvaš. According to the historian
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Owing to his birth to a non-aristocratic mother, Siyâvash is sent away by his father to
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provides the aborted foetuses as evidence of his violence towards a "pregnant" Queen.
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on 'Siyavush-Khani' (Siyavush Recitation) and Its Mythological and Literary Roots".
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475:, handsome Greek hero, from whose blood, as in the case of Siyavash, a plant grows
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to return to Kay Kāvus's Court, so that he may prove his worth as a young prince.
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for over a century. His name means "the one with black stallions" after his horse
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Ferdowsi, Abolqasem; Davis, Dick (2005). "The Legend of Seyavash".
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462:, king's son in Greek myth who rejects his stepmother's advances
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and seeks asylum under the rule of the region's tyrannical king
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as the day of Savušun. His tragic death, as recounted in the
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661:, modern English translation (abridged), current standard
117:), who accompanies him during a trial of righteousness.
450:/ Yusuf (Qur'an) virtuous hero slandered by temptress
408:, "Siyavash was also venerated as the Central Asian
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606:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 74–75.
576:"Siyavash faces Afrasiyab across the Jihun River"
289:, the ruler of the Bulgars joins forces with the
695:Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University
672:Nam-e kasan va ja'i-ha dar Shahnama-ye Ferdousi
650:Abolqasem Ferdowsi, Dick Davis trans. (2006),
249:, covered in (sacred, but highly inflammable)
132:. Shortly thereafter, he meets his stepmother
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674:(Personalities and Places in the Shahnama of
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557:"Siyavash is Pulled from His Bed and Killed"
487:, Sumerian deity associated with vegetation
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538:KAYĀNIĀN vi. Siiāuuaršan, Siyāwaxš, Siāvaš
497:The Wonderful Sea-Horse (Iranian folktale)
444:, famous Iranian illustrator of miniatures
236:Siyavash is Pulled from His Bed and Killed
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604:Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
124:, where he is raised by the holy warrior
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530:
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438:, the turkized form of the name Siyâvaš
346:to reclaim the land bestowed upon him.
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652:Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings
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1561:Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan)
689:Jalal Khāleghi Motlagh, Editor,
30:Depiction of the hero Siyâvash:
384:In Central Asian Zoroastrianism
278:, and his ultimate execution.
1:
1570:Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman)
756:Journal of Persianate Studies
317:Self-exile and death in Turan
221:, the ancient capital of the
152:, but is later killed by the
16:Major figure in the Shahnameh
1573:Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan
727:10.1080/00210862.2013.789739
678:), Nyköping, Sweden, 1993. (
69:), is a major figure in the
1774:
1567:Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid
1564:Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein)
396:, the inhabitants of both
262:War between Iran and Turan
18:
1727:
1384:
769:10.1163/18747167-bja10007
612:10.1163/9789004294486_003
410:god of dying and reviving
333:('the blood of Siyâvash')
325:The blood-red flowers of
169:mythical growth of plants
39:Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp
21:Siyavash (disambiguation)
374:'s groundbreaking novel
87:in the earliest days of
750:Gabbay, Alyssa (2023).
183:The Slaying of Siyâvash
112:night-coloured purebred
1697:Rostam's Seven Labours
1576:Gang Castle (Gang-Dez)
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623:Sources and references
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75:. He is introduced by
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1148:Eskandar (Alexander)
574:Sultanate of Delhi.
555:Sultanate of Delhi.
543:Encyclopedia Iranica
473:Hyacinth (mythology)
460:Hippolytus of Athens
188:Birth and early life
19:For other uses, see
1708:Khosrow and Shirin
1546:Other locations...
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1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:Great Mongol
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:Koulad-Ghandi
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:Kharvazan Div
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1250:Mehrab Kaboli
1248:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
951:
947:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
893:
889:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
782:
779:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:(5): 721–36.
720:
716:
712:
707:
706:
702:
696:
692:
691:The Shahnameh
688:
685:
684:91-630-1959-0
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:0-670-03485-1
656:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
627:
622:
613:
609:
605:
598:
595:
589:
586:
581:
577:
570:
567:
562:
558:
551:
548:
545:
544:
539:
534:
531:
521:
517:
512:
509:
502:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
467:Bödvar Bjarki
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:Siyavuş Pasha
428:
426:
423:
422:
418:
416:
414:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
357:
355:
351:
347:
345:
341:
332:
328:
323:
316:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
279:
277:
268:
261:
259:
255:
252:
248:
242:
234:
230:
226:
224:
220:
212:
210:
206:
204:
200:
196:
187:
181:
174:
172:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:
62:
58:
50:
46:
40:
37:
33:
28:
22:
1706:
1677:Babr-e Bayan
1665:
1664:Abu-Mansuri
1641:
1633:
1624:
1616:
1609:
1604:(or Demotte)
1600:
1592:
1375:House of Sām
1201:Banu Goshasp
1072:
807:
759:
755:
718:
714:
690:
671:
651:
638:(4): 21–69.
635:
631:
603:
597:
588:
579:
569:
560:
550:
541:
533:
511:
394:Central Asia
390:Islamization
387:
375:
361:
352:
348:
336:
330:
311:
284:
280:
273:
256:
254:victorious.
243:
239:
227:
216:
207:
191:
162:
119:
89:Greater Iran
70:
60:
56:
44:
43:
1608:Baysonghor
1584:Manuscripts
1434:Div-e Sepid
1429:Arzhang Div
1414:and animals
915:Kay Lohrasp
910:Kay Khosrow
388:Before the
158:Kay Khosrow
98:شبرنگ بهزاد
36:illuminated
1627:of Rashida
1555:Structures
1528:Alborzkouh
1523:Mazandaran
1493:Zabulistan
1412:Creatures
1351:Kashvadian
1206:Gordafarid
1053:Esfandiyār
925:Kay Bahman
829:Pishdadian
821:Characters
425:Siyavakhsh
413:vegetation
247:cataphract
122:Zabulistan
1666:Shahnameh
1642:Shahnameh
1634:Shahnameh
1625:Shahnameh
1617:Shahnameh
1610:Shahnameh
1601:Shahnameh
1593:Shahnameh
1591:Florence
1542:Kasa-Roud
1513:Ctesiphon
1442:Huma bird
1421:Akvan Div
1342:Clans and
1333:Biderafsh
978:Kayanoush
935:Kay Darab
905:Kay Kāvus
900:Kay Kawād
867:Manuchehr
809:Shahnameh
743:163024273
522:Syâvaršan
368:Shahnameh
303:Samarkand
276:Kay Kavus
223:Parthians
219:Ctesiphon
199:concubine
195:Kay Kāvus
175:Narrative
154:Turanians
138:Hamavaran
130:Ctesiphon
81:Kay Kāvus
72:Shahnameh
34:from the
1752:Category
1737:Category
1632:Windsor
1538:Tammisha
1462:Shabrang
1344:families
1328:Nastihan
1288:Afrasiab
1283:Garsivaz
1278:Aghrirat
1260:Turanian
1219:Katāyoun
1215:Manizheh
1211:Farangis
1181:Sindukht
1176:Shahrnāz
1073:Siyâvash
1068:Fariborz
1063:Faramarz
1058:Pashotan
1023:Gershasp
1018:Gostaham
968:Shahrasp
920:Goshtasb
892:Kayanian
882:Garshasp
857:Fereydun
847:Tahmuras
837:Keyumars
814:Ferdowsi
735:24482884
676:Ferdousi
644:40244746
580:Shahnama
561:Shahnama
419:See also
398:Khwarazm
340:Xinjiang
299:Garsivaz
287:Garsivaz
150:Farangis
146:Afrasiab
77:Ferdowsi
45:Siyâvash
1652:Related
1640:Davari
1518:Estakhr
1457:Shabdiz
1447:Simurgh
1273:Pashang
1268:Zadashm
1196:Tahmina
1191:Sudabeh
1171:Arnavāz
1166:Faranak
1133:Shaghad
1093:Goudarz
1088:Kashvad
1028:Nariman
940:Dara II
852:Jamshid
842:Hushang
520:Avestan
485:Dumuzid
406:Tolstov
377:Savušun
307:Bukhara
251:camphor
134:Sudabeh
106:
61:Siavash
57:Siyâvoš
49:Persian
1659:Daqiqi
1498:Sistan
1476:Places
1452:Rakhsh
1323:Barman
1318:Houman
1303:Arjasp
1298:Shideh
1293:Tageuo
1245:Zahhak
1241:Mardas
1234:Tazian
1224:Azadeh
1186:Rudaba
1143:Barbad
1128:Zavara
1123:Gorgin
1113:Bahram
1108:Rohham
1103:Bizhan
1048:Sohrab
1043:Rostam
963:Siamak
958:Jamasp
872:Nowzar
741:
733:
682:
657:
642:
479:Adonis
402:Sogdia
364:Shiraz
358:Legacy
344:Khotan
295:Barman
291:Tatars
203:Rostam
126:Rostam
66:سياووش
1508:Balkh
1503:Kabul
1488:Turan
1313:Piran
1308:Viseh
1118:Hojir
1078:Farud
1008:Qaren
1003:Qobád
988:Arash
973:Abtin
739:S2CID
731:JSTOR
640:JSTOR
503:Notes
436:Savaş
142:Turan
53:سیاوش
1483:Iran
1013:Tous
993:Salm
983:Kāve
877:Zaav
862:Iraj
680:ISBN
655:ISBN
400:and
103:lit.
85:Shah
1098:Giv
1038:Zāl
1033:Sām
998:Tur
812:of
764:doi
723:doi
608:doi
415:."
392:of
163:In
59:or
1754::
760:15
758:.
754:.
737:.
729:.
719:46
717:.
670:,
636:26
634:.
578:.
559:.
540:,
305:,
171:.
101:,
51::
800:e
793:t
786:v
772:.
766::
745:.
725::
697:.
686:)
646:.
614:.
610::
582:.
563:.
115:'
109:'
95:(
63:(
47:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
