Skandha - Knowledge (XXG)

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has certainly no merit, logical or psychological, the individual is divided into five aggregates or groups.” However, the five khandhas, as treated in the nikāyas and early abhidhamma, do not exactly take on the character of a formal theory of the nature of man. The concern is not so much the presentation of an analysis of man as object, but rather the understanding of the nature of conditioned existence from the point of view of the experiencing subject. Thus at the most general level rūpa, vedanā, sañña, and are presented as five aspects of an individual being's experience of the world; each khandha is seen as representing a complex class of phenomena that is continuously arising and falling away in response to processes of consciousness based on the six spheres of sense. They thus become the five upādānakkhandhas, encompassing both grasping and all that is grasped."

3311:"It's possible that a senseless person — immersed in ignorance, overcome with craving — might think that he could outsmart the Teacher's message in this way: 'So — form is not-self, feeling is not-self, perception is not-self, fabrications are not-self, consciousness is not-self. Then what self will be touched by the actions done by what is not-self?' Now, monks, haven't I trained you in counter-questioning with regard to this & that topic here & there? What do you think — Is form constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord." "And is that which is inconstant easeful or stressful?" "Stressful, lord." "And is it fitting to regard what is inconstant, stressful, subject to change as: 'This is mine. This is my self. This is what I am'?" 1936:(eternal soul) which was deemed liberating by the Vedic traditions. Bronkhorst notes that "knowledge of the self plays no useful role on the Buddha’s path to liberation". What is important is not to grasp at the forms, sounds, odors, flavors, objects, and mental properties which are perceived with the six sense organs (these include mind as the sixth sense organ). The insight that the aggregates are not self aids in letting go of this grasping. 478: 3278:

to the existence of the self is of minor importance. The main thing is that knowledge of the self plays no useful role on the Buddha’s path to liberation. As certain non-Buddhist currents asserted a permanent self not subject to change because only knowledge of such a self could be useful to the attainment of liberation, it is probably justified to assume that the Buddha did not accept the existence of such a self."

8884: 8895: 6293: 6280: 3244:), and any sense of Self or I are a burden which the enlightened individual has dropped, thus becoming a "man of nothing", not clinging to anything internal or external. The perfect state of enlightenment is one without any personality, no "I am" conceit, no physical identification, no intellectual identification, no identification in direct or indirects terms related to any of the five 1059: 6270: 3184:, which is at the base of everything we are, the ground of all of our mental formations." Similarly, Trungpa (2001, pp. 73-4) states that consciousness "is the finally developed state of being that contains all the previous elements.... onsciousness constitutes an immediately available source of occupation for the momentum of the skandhas to feed on." 39: 3031:, 1999, p. 178; Trungpa, 2001, p. 21; and, Trungpa, 2002, p. 126). The one exception is in Trungpa (1976), pp. 20-23, where he states that the "strategies or impluses" of "indifference, passion and aggression" are "part of the third stage ," "guided by perception." (This section of Trungpa, 1976, is anthologized in Trungpa, 1999, pp. 55-58.) 2876:, the five skandhas are "a set of Buddhist concepts which describe experience as a five-step process" and that "the whole development of the five skandhas... is an attempt on our part to shield ourselves from the truth of our insubstantiality," while "the practice of meditation is to see the transparency of this shield." 3277:

Bronkhorst: "The aim of the teaching of the Buddha is evidently not to discover the real self. On the contrary, the preoccupation with the true nature of the self has to be given up. Only then one is ready to follow the path shown by the Buddha. Seen from this practical point of view, the question as

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Gethin: "To explain the khandhas as the Buddhist analysis of man, as has been the tendency of contemporary scholars, may not be incorrect as far as it goes, yet it is to fix upon one facet of the treatment of the khandhas at the expense of others. Thus A. B. Keith could write, “By a division which...

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The initial part of the Buddhist practice is purification of each of the above "five aggregates" through meditation, study, ritual and living by virtues, particularly abstaining from mental intoxicants. Ultimately, the practice shifts to considering these as naive, then transcending them to reach the

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Harvey writes, "This is in contrast to saññā, which knows by grouping things together, labeling them. This contrast can be seen in terms of the typical objects of these states: colours for saññā (S.III.87), but tastes (S.III.87) or feelings (M.I.292) for viññāṇa. While colours usually be immediately

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Bodhi states that six-sense-bases is a "vertical" view of human experiences while the aggregates is a "horizontal" (temporal) view. The Theravada Buddhist meditation practice on sense bases is aimed at both removing distorted cognitions such as those influenced by cravings, conceits and opinions, as

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Mathieu Boisvert states that "many scholars have referred to the five aggregates in their works on Buddhism, none have thoroughly explained their respective functions". According to Boisvert, the five aggregates and dependent origination are closely related, which explains the process that binds us

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doctrine, states Matthew MacKenzie, is a form of anti-realism about everyday reality including persons, and presents an alternative to "substantialist views of the self". It asserts that everything perceived, each person and personality, is an "aggregate, heap" of composite entities without essence.

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and William Stede, it means "bulk of the body, aggregate, heap, material collected into bulk" in one context, "all that is comprised under, groupings" in some contexts, and particularly as "the elements or substrata of sensory existence, sensorial aggregates which condition the appearance of life in

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ome of the details of tantric iconography are developed from abhidharma . Different colors and feelings of this particular consciousness, that particular emotion, are manifested in a particular deity wearing such-and-such a costume, of certain particular colors, holding certain particular sceptres

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According to Boisvert, "the function of each of the aggregates, in their respective order, can be directly correlated with the theory of dependent origination—especially with the eight middle links." Four of the five aggregates are explicitly mentioned in the sequence, yet in a different order than

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See also Nhat Hanh (1988), p. 1, and Suzuki (1960), p. 26. Nhat Hanh (1988) adds to this first verse the sentence: "After this penetration, he overcame all pain." Suzuki (1960), p. 29, notes that this additional sentence is unique to Hsuan-chuang's translation and is omitted in other versions of

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Bodhi (2000b, pp. 839-840) writes: "Whereas the teaching on dependent origination is intended to disclose the dynamic pattern running through everyday experience that propels the round of rebirth and death forward from life to life, the teaching on the five aggregates concentrates on experience in

3321:"What do you think, monks — Is consciousness constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord." "And is that which is inconstant easeful or stressful?" "Stressful, lord." "And is it fitting to regard what is inconstant, stressful, subject to change as: 'This is mine. This is my self. This is what I am'?" 4447:

We have seen how Buddhist thought criticizes the concept of an unchanging self as incoherent; however, both ancient and modern critics have argued that to do away with the self in the manner of Buddhist thought in fact creates insurmountable philosophical and moral problems.... We have seen how

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does not signify emotion (which appears to be a complex phenomenon involving a variety of concomitant mental factors), but the bare affective quality of an experience, which may be either pleasant, painful or neutral." Perhaps somewhat similarly, Trungpa (1999), p.58, writes: "Consciousness

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never tried to define what a "person" is, though scholars tend to approach the skandhas as a description of the constituents of the person. He adds that almost any Buddhist meditation teacher explains it that way, as Buddhist commentaries from about the 1st century CE onwards have done. In

3325:"Thus, monks, any form whatsoever that is past, future, or present; internal or external; blatant or subtle; common or sublime; far or near: every form is to be seen as it actually is with right discernment as: 'This is not mine. This is not my self. This is not what I am.' 1714:

The five aggregates are often interpreted in the later tradition as an explanation of the constituents of person and personality, and "the list of aggregates became extremely important for the later development of the teaching". According to this interpretation, in each

2701:. The Sanskrit version of the "Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra" ("Heart Sutra"), which may have been composed in China from Sanskrit texts, and later back-translated into Sanskrit, states that the five skandhas are empty of self-existence, and famously states "form is 4554:. (Snodgrass asserts that the term literally means "heap", and the concept refers to the teaching accepted by all Buddhist schools that "the personality is an aggregate of five constituent parts," referring back to publications from the 1930s to the 1950s.) 2550:

The interplay between the five-aggregate model of immediate causation and the twelve-nidana model of requisite conditioning is evident, for instance both note the seminal role that mental formations have in both the origination and cessation of suffering.

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According to Nattier (1992), the Heart Sutra was originally composed in Chinese and later back-translated into Sanskrit. Thereafter, it became popular in India and later Tibet. Elements in this translation are not present in Chinese versions of this

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When the sutra says that the five Skandhas have the character of emptiness..., the sense is: no limiting qualities are to be attributed to the Absolute; while it is immanent in all concrete and particular objects, it is not in itself

1264:) is a Sanskrit word that means "multitude, quantity, aggregate", generally in the context of body, trunk, stem, empirically observed gross object or anything of bulk verifiable with senses. The term appears in the Vedic literature. 3230:

appears in the early Buddhist texts: "All form is comparable to foam; all feelings to bubbles; all sensations are mirage-like; dispositions are like the plantain trunk; consciousness is but an illusion: so did the Buddha illustrate

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state of realization that there is neither person nor self within, or in any other being, states Harvey, where everyone and everything is without self or substantiality and is a "cluster of changing physical and mental processes".

1734:(unsatisfying), impermanent, and without an enduring self or essence. Each aggregate is an object of grasping (clinging), at the root of self-identification as "I, me, myself". According to Harvey, realizing the real nature of 2358:, the Theravada tradition teaches that the six sense bases accommodate "all the factors of existence"; it is "the all", and "apart from which nothing at all exists", and "are empty of a self and of what belongs to the self". 3287:

Bronkhorst: "Acquiring the insight that the various components of the person are not the self causes a wise and noble listener to turn away from material form, and so on; as a result he becomes free from desire and attains

1600:)): "constructing activities", "conditioned things", "volition", "karmic activities"; all types of mental imprints and conditioning triggered by an object. Includes any process that makes a person initiate action or act. 2470:. These were integrated with a branched list that describes the conditioning of mental processes, akin to the five skandhas. Eventually, this branched list developed into the standard twelvefold chain as a linear list. 3217:

lacks a self and substantiality. The aggregates are appearances which don't have an essence either separately or together, all that is perceived as an aggregate or a whole has no real existence. This is the "non-self"

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Rupert Gethin also notes that the five skandhas are not merely "the Buddhist analysis of man", but "five aspects of an individual being's experience of the world... encompassing both grasping and all that is grasped".

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its lived immediacy in the continuum from birth to death." Perhaps in a similar vein, Bodhi (2000b, pp. 762-3, n. 132) notes elsewhere that, according to the Samyutta Nikaya's subcommentary: "There are two kinds of

2565:(domains or bases), "constantly watching sensory experience in order to prevent the arising of cravings which would power future experience into rebirths," which also overlap with the skandhas. The four domains are: 3555:

was never employed by the Buddha and it is rare in the Pali Canon in general. Only in the post-canonical period does it become a standard concept, when it is extensively used in the commentarial descriptions of the

1672:)): "discrimination" or "discernment". Awareness of an object and discrimination of its components and aspects, and is of six types, states Peter Harvey. The Buddhist literature discusses this skandha as, 2806:, developed in India but played a prominent role in China. They on occasion speak of the ineffable skandhas of the Buddha (beyond the nature of worldly skandhas and beyond worldly understanding). In the 3103:

into fifty mental factors (Bodhi, 2000a, p. 26). Trungpa (2001), pp. 47ff, following the Sarvastivada Abhidharma studied in Mahayana Buddhism, states that there are fifty-one "general types" of

2682:-teachings developed from the first century BCE onward. They emphasise the "emptiness" of everything that exists. This means that there are no eternally existing "essences", since everything is 2361:

The suttas do not describe this as an alternative of the skandhas. The Abhidhamma, striving to "a single all-inclusive system", explicitly connects the five aggregates and the six sense bases:

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teachings which arise in dependence on the preceding link. While this list may be interpreted as describing the processes which give rise to rebirth, in essence it describes the arising of

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According to Damien Keown and Charles Prebish, canonical Buddhism asserts that "the notion of a self is unnecessarily superimposed upon five skandha" of a phenomenon or a living being. The

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conception of reality, which reifies dhammas. The simultaneous non-reification of the self and reification of the skandhas has been viewed by some Buddhist thinkers as highly problematic.

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This "no essence" view has been a topic of questions, disagreements, and commentaries since ancient times, both in non-Buddhist Indian religions and Buddhist traditions. The use of the

3305:, describes the impermanence of the aggregates to assert that there is no self, and the right discernment is, "this is not mine, this is not my self, this is not what I am". From 7034: 85: 1738:, both in terms of impermanence and non-self, is necessary for nirvana. This "emptiness from personality" can be found in descriptions of the enlightened, perfected state of 6424: 3435:

The apparent distinctions between the nidana model and the khandha model are reduced when, instead of using the twelve-nidana model of the Samyutta Nikaya, chapter 12

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According to Johannes Bronkhorst, the notion that the five aggregates are not self has to be viewed in light of debates about "liberating knowledge", the knowledge of

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18, states: "The passage confirms the privileged status of consciousness among the five aggregates. While all the aggregates are conditioned phenomena marked by the

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They are also explained as the five factors that constitute and explain a sentient being's person and personality, but this is a later interpretation in response to

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Some scholars regard it to be a later synthesis of several older lists. The first four links may be a mockery of the Vedic-Brahmanic cosmogony, as described in the

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The Spirituality of Emptiness in Early chinese Buddhism. In: Buddhist Spirituality. Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, Early Chinese; edited by Takeuchi Yoshinori

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the Buddha tells of how the Buddha's skandhas are in fact eternal and unchanging. The Buddha's skandhas are said to be incomprehensible to unawakened vision.

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do not necessarily constitute the entirety of the human experience, and that the Hindu concept of Ātman is not explicitly negated by Pāli Canon. According to

6394: 3148:: see 22:53-54). Even consciousness, however, is not a self-identical entity but a sequence of dependently arisen occasions of cognizing; see MN I 256-60." 280: 1396:

of any person, sentient being and object to be composed of four basic elements or forces: earth (solidity), water (cohesion), fire (heat) and wind (motion).

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have been misunderstood by the developing Buddhist tradition, including Theravada, to refer to four different foundations. According to Polak, the four

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The Mahayana developed out of the traditional schools, introducing new texts and putting other emphases in the teachings, especially shunyata and the

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involves the sensing or feeling of something as pleasant, unpleasant or neutral (see, for instance, SN 22). When contemporary authors elaborate on

2686:. The skandhas too are dependently originated, and lack any substantial existence. According to Red Pine, the Prajnaparamita texts are a historical 8769: 8221: 7953: 2735:

school further analysed the workings of the mind, elaborated on the concept of nama-rupa and the five skandhas, and developed the notion of the

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History of Indian Philosophy: The philosophy of the Veda and of the epic. The Buddha and the Jina. The Sāmkhya and the classical Yoga-system

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that "phenomena" or their constituents are real. The prajnaparamita notion of "emptiness" is also consistent with the Theravada Abhidhamma.

6587: 6429: 5653:, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, for the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion / Corporation Canadienne des Sciences Religieuses 8930: 8764: 3974: 1939:

Miri Albahari also objected to the usual understanding of the skandhas as denoting the absence of any "self". Albahari argued that the

1528:)): sensory and mental process that registers, recognizes and labels (for instance, the shape of a tree, color green, emotion of fear). 8661: 8211: 6306: 6237: 3248:, because "a tathagata has abandoned the personality factors". No one can find him because he has no "I", self or identity, while his 1089: 535: 492: 8754: 6507: 5984: 5635: 5620: 5605: 5590: 5572: 5551: 5535: 5520: 5502: 5471: 5456: 5441: 5413: 5350: 5328: 3814: 6650: 6214: 5833: 5891: 3201:) are painful ." The five aggregates trigger suffering, pain or unsatisfactoriness. Everything that makes a person is a factor of 8439: 8184: 3158:

identified, tastes and feelings often need careful consideration to properly identify them: discernment and analysis are needed."

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This type of analysis of the aggregates (where ignorance conditions the five aggregates) might be akin to that described by the

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has also been translated as "self-nature" (Suzuki, 1960, p. 26), "separate self" (Nhat Hanh, 1988, p. 16) and "self-existence" (

8831: 8821: 1843:(a "type of sensation may act as an agent bringing about the future arising of craving and aversion"). This is determined by 8776: 8429: 8231: 8122: 8067: 6640: 3343:

is used in multiple contexts in the Pāli canon: For instance, Bodhi (2000b), pp. 527–28, identifies four different ways that

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Mindfulness in Early Buddhism: New Approaches through Psychology and Textual Analysis of Pāli, Chinese and Sanskrit Sources

8746: 8444: 8127: 6419: 6252: 5910: 3180:, this is a particularly Mahayana statement. For instance, Nhat Hanh (1999, pp. 180-1) states: "Consciousness here means 2376:

The mental sense-object (i.e. mental objects) overlap the first four aggregates (form, feeling, perception and formation);

1018: 713: 6231: 3205:, and these in Buddhist thought are not a source of pleasure but of sorrow. Nirvana requires transcendence from all five 2717: 8329: 8201: 8172: 7874: 6221: (archived 2003-02-19), table showing the five skandhas, prepared by Alan Fox (Dept. of Philosophy, U. of Delaware). 5405: 963: 738: 698: 7564: 2347:

The internal and external sense bases together form the "six sense bases". In this description, found in texts such as

8020: 7929: 7825: 7759: 7399: 7044: 6557: 6452: 3423:

Put another way, it is through the five skandhas that clinging occurs. See, for instance, the Samadhi Sutta (SN 22:5)

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in his hand. Those details are very closely connected with the individualities of particular psychological processes.

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Sue Hamilton. "From the Buddha to Buddhaghosa: Changing Attitudes Toward the Human Body in Theravāda Buddhism." In

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is more accurate, although this implies less a process and more the static end result (the mental state of holding

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Mindfulness of Breathing (Ānāpānasati): Buddhist texts from the Pāli Canon and Extracts from the Pāli Commentaries

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s can be arranged into six triads, each triad composed of a sense object, a sense organ, and sense consciousness.

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s – six external bases, six internal bases, and six consciousnesses – function through the five aggregates. These

1811: 648: 8759: 8572: 8562: 8434: 7417: 6997: 6758: 6733: 2799: 2602:

do not refer to four different foundations of which one should be aware, but are an alternate description of the

2143: 838: 7057: 2351:, the coming together of an object and a sense-organ results in the arising of the corresponding consciousness. 793: 8864: 8216: 8030: 8008: 8001: 7904: 7437: 6873: 6818: 6439: 6245: 2935: 2467: 843: 184: 64: 1719:– body, sensations, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness – there is emptiness and no substance. 8801: 8781: 8112: 8092: 7849: 7579: 7380: 7141: 6823: 6773: 2691: 2683: 2322: 1003: 783: 618: 27: 3226:(suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness). The explicit denial of substantiality or essence in any of the five 1947:, "anattā is best understood as a practical strategy rather than as a metaphysical doctrine". To Albahari, 424: 8811: 8651: 8319: 8289: 8062: 8013: 7854: 7802: 7797: 7559: 7277: 7029: 7024: 3502:

In the Theravada canon, the English word "self-existence" is a translation of the Sanskrit word svabhava.

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expands to infinity; he is beyond the reach of the unenlightened human beings, as well as the army of the

3144:

through the sequence of rebirths.... The other four aggregates serve as the 'stations for consciousness' (

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should be viewed as activities, which cause suffering, but whose unwholesome workings can be interrupted.

1082: 818: 803: 708: 703: 525: 81: 5765:, edited by Jane Marie Law. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 46–63. 2705:, emptiness is form. The same is true with feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness." 8816: 8786: 8367: 8299: 8132: 8047: 8042: 7966: 7961: 7879: 6409: 3137: 2736: 2440: 2411:'s conceptions of aggregates, sense bases and dhattus (elements). This meta-scheme is known as the four 2304: 1023: 1013: 968: 287: 7432: 1953:

is an ever-present part of human nature, which is gradually "uncovered" by the cessation of ignorance.

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as "heap, aggregate", stating it refers to the explanation of the psychophysical makeup of any being.

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Buddhist thought breaks down an individual into five classes of physical and mental events known as

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traditionally refers to the first four aggregates, as opposed to the fifth aggregate, consciousness.

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Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy

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is used including in terms of the "eighteen elements" and in terms of "the four primary elements" (

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The first five sense objects (visible forms, sound, smell, taste, touch) are also derivatives of

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Gethin, Ruper (1986), "The five khandhas: Their theatment in the nikāyas and early abhidhamma",

5578: 3801:. Translated by Dorje, Gyurnme; Coleman, Graham; Jinpa, Thupten. Introductory commentary by the 1780:

too are considered unreal and nonsubstantial in numerous other Buddhist Nikaya and Āgama texts.

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concept to explain the self is unique to Buddhism among major Indian religions, and responds to

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teachings that "phenomena" or its constituents are real. It also contrasts with the premise of

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This conception of consciousness is found in the Theravada Abhidhamma (Bodhi, 2000a, p. 29).

2900: 2752: 2462: 1740: 1186: 1141:), the five material and mental factors that take part in the rise of craving and clinging. 1038: 983: 913: 903: 768: 403: 381: 367: 198: 172: 158: 7634: 6798: 6788: 6552: 1532: 1197: 628: 8899: 8844: 8796: 8724: 8594: 8392: 8372: 8314: 8226: 7889: 7787: 7370: 7353: 7338: 7316: 6868: 6738: 6572: 6218: 5508: 4381:. Oxford University Press. pp. 261–264, 288–295, 297–308, 358–363, 226–227, 317–329. 4318:

Kalupahana (1975), page 86. The quote is from S 3.142, and also occurs in the Āgamas.

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The Opening of the Wisdom-Eye: And the History of the Advancement of Buddhadharma in Tibet

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Identity and Experience: the Constitution of the Human Being According to Early Buddhism.

4130: 3566:, though, does occur on various occasions in five canonical or para-canonical texts: the 3518:. When "emptiness of self" is mentioned, the English word "self" is a translation of the 2018: 5848: 3451:

where consciousness conditions name-and-form and name-and-form conditions consciousness.

16:

The five aggregates of clinging: form, sensations, perceptions, ideas, and consciousness

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was historically very influential, and has been preserved partly in the Chinese Āgama.

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developed detailed analyses and overviews of the teachings found in the sutras, called

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Self, Reality and Reason in Tibetan Philosophy: Tsongkhapa's Quest for the Middle Way.

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Self, No Self?: Perspectives from Analytical, Phenomenological, and Indian Traditions

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A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma: The Abhidhammattha Sangaha of Ācariya Anuruddha

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Boeddhisme. Stichter, scholen, systemen (Buddhismus - Stifter, Schulen und Systemen)

5940:"Enacting the Self: Buddhist and Enactivist Approaches to the Emergence of the Self" 2992:

In Rawson (1991: p.11), the first skandha is defined as: "name and form (Sanskrit

1730:

According to Harvey, the five skandhas give rise to a sense of personality, but are

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Reexamining Jhana: Towards a Critical Reconstruction of Early Buddhist Soteriology

1456:)): sensory experience of an object. It is either pleasant, unpleasant or neutral. 6103: 5992: 5939: 5919: 5777: 5659: 4537: 4510: 4397: 4376: 4329: 4293: 4266: 4212: 4073: 4046: 3994: 3964: 3920: 3848: 3772: 3716: 3660: 3618:") to each of the aggregates—at least superficially similar to an application of 1124: 8684: 8674: 8513: 7654: 7639: 7422: 7230: 7158: 6938: 6768: 6670: 6517: 6389: 5834:"Playing with Fire: The pratityasamutpada from the perspective of Vedic thought" 5560: 5429: 5321:

The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya

3592: 2940: 2920: 2698: 2667: 2425:

Mental factors (cetasikas: the nama-factors sensation, perception and formation)

858: 8894: 6828: 5495:

The Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Great Liberation Through Hearing in the Bardo

2849:), allowing one to have the illusion of "possessing" ever dynamic and spacious 1873: 8629: 8587: 8463: 8269: 8194: 7808: 7792: 7754: 7734: 7649: 7629: 7604: 7512: 7447: 7427: 7173: 7104: 6975: 6858: 6763: 6713: 6645: 6371: 6361: 6334: 6042: 5817: 5680:"Conditioned Arising Evolves: Variation and Change in Textual Accounts of the 4722: 3048:

include "emotions." For example, Bodhi (2000a), p. 80, writes: "The Pali word

2782: 2713: 2709: 2379:

The mental sense organ (mind) is comparable to the aggregate of consciousness.

2369:

sense bases (visible form, sound, smell, taste and touch), and the first five

2318: 1980: 863: 623: 520: 6943: 4730: 3904: 3887: 3606:

might be the earliest occurrence in Pali literature and quotes (p. 7, esply.

2373:

sense bases (eye, ear, nose, tongue and body) are part of the form aggregate;

1909:, the "person is likely to generate craving, clinging and becoming". As with 8604: 8577: 7744: 7619: 7331: 7247: 7124: 7014: 6987: 6980: 6900: 6863: 6630: 6595: 6562: 6537: 6492: 5304:

The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya

3364:

The first five sense organs (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body) are derivates of

3349: 3028: 2905: 2823: 2819: 2721: 2254: 1746: 1218: 908: 883: 8377: 7213: 7067: 6833: 6615: 6484: 6476: 5147: 5107: 2628: 2587: 2573: 2060: 1879: 1400: 1175: 259: 7139: 5779:

An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, 2nd Edition

5710: 5513:

The Heart of Understanding: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra

3873: 3622:

in the Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra ("Heart Sutra") cited in this article.

3097: 2529: 2510: 2492: 2476: 2407:

The Abhidhamma and post-canonical Pali texts create a meta-scheme for the

2215: 1772:

In some early Buddhist texts, the individual is considered unreal but the

1634: 1562: 1058: 19:

This article is about a term in Buddhist phenomenology. For Jain use, see

8734: 8689: 8634: 8599: 8503: 8162: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7709: 7694: 7674: 7609: 7527: 7517: 7492: 7487: 7387: 7148: 7019: 7007: 6918: 6655: 6577: 6274: 5753:

Gombrich, Richard (2009), "Chapter 9. Causation and non-random process",

4198: 3006: 2930: 2778: 2732: 2702: 2450: 2280: 2264: 2208: 1762: 1750:, in which there is no longer any identification with the five skandhas. 1242: 1238: 1234: 1128: 1112: 918: 898: 893: 773: 469: 130: 5260:

Trungpa (2001) pp. 10–12; and, Trungpa (2002) pp. 124, 133–134

1692:

a series of rapidly changing interconnected discrete acts of cognizance.

8639: 8582: 8567: 7714: 7704: 7679: 7554: 7549: 7507: 7477: 7409: 7375: 7326: 7262: 7203: 7198: 7094: 7052: 6955: 6743: 6530: 6356: 6087: 5738: 5651:

The Five Aggregates. Understanding Theravada Psychology and Soteriology

3177: 2915: 2617: 2428: 2338: 2276: 2260: 2250: 2089: 2000: 1766: 1677: 1334: 1314:

in Tibetan, and the terms mean "collections or aggregates or bundles".

1226: 1164: 5899:, New York: Routledge, archived from the original on November 12, 2014 2690:

to some early Buddhist Abhidhammas. Specifically, it is a response to

319: 8719: 8704: 8540: 8402: 8382: 8157: 7819: 7699: 7689: 7624: 7252: 7208: 7193: 7183: 7153: 7134: 7077: 6960: 6728: 6600: 6344: 6339: 5343:

In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pāli Canon

3319:"... Are fabrications constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord."... 2895: 2834: 2781:(or conventional) experience of the world by an individual, although 2760: 2631:, which arise with the contact between the senses and their objects ( 2271: 2184: 2160: 1885: 1237:

traditions assert that the nature of all aggregates is intrinsically

1222: 613: 608: 603: 566: 217: 6133:

Wayman, Alex (1990) , "The Intermediate-State Dispute in Buddhism",

6029:

Shulman, Eviatar (2007), "Early Meanings of Dependent-Origination",

4709:

Albahari, Miri (March 2002). "Against No-Ātman Theories of Anattā".

1797:

Thanissaro's view, however, this is incorrect, and he suggests that

6079: 5959:

Nattier, Jan (1992). "The Heart Sutra: A Chinese Apocryphal Text?"

4396:

Irina Kuznetsova; Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad; Jonardon Ganeri (2012).

3610:. 28) from this text (Paṭis. II 178) the application of the phrase 1233:

by relinquishing attachments to aggregates. Both the Theravada and

252: 8859: 8694: 8552: 8518: 8498: 8468: 8397: 7814: 7659: 7537: 7532: 7502: 7457: 7304: 7299: 7178: 6883: 6708: 6675: 6665: 5127: 4048:

A History of Buddhist Philosophy: Continuities and Discontinuities

3547:) in the Pali Canon, Gal (2003), p. 7, writes: "To judge from the 3317:"... Is perception constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord."... 3250: 2945: 2580: 2321:. Each school developed its own Abhidharma. The best-known is the 1245:

and that these aggregates do not constitute a "self" of any kind.

1127:) means "heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings, clusters". In 848: 5699:

Frauwallner, Erich (1973), "Chapter 5. The Buddha and the Jina",

2773:. In these texts, the relation between absolute and relative was 2457:

as a psychological process, without the involvement of an atman.

8729: 7522: 7188: 6685: 5804:

Jones, Dhivan Thomas (2009), "New Light on the Twelve Nidanas",

5432:, Bhadantācariya (trans. from Pāli by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli) (1999). 3519: 3510:, p. 67). Note that Chinese versions of the Heart Sutra do 1194:

mental activity or formations or influences of a previous life (

144: 6241: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 3315:"... Is feeling constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord."... 2785:

truth is realized through them. Commenting on the Heart Sutra,

8387: 6923: 5319:Ñāṇamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) & Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (2001). 3721:. Princeton University Press. pp. 708, 721–723, 827–828. 3222:) doctrine, and it holds that a belief in self is a source of 1769:

that a living being has an eternal soul or metaphysical self.

32: 4331:

An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices

4268:

An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices

3686: 3684: 3682: 2415:

or ultimate realities, three conditioned, one unconditioned:

1302:

as "aggregates". Damien Keown and Charles Prebish state that

6182:

http://www.palikanon.com/english/wtb/g_m/kaaya_gata_sati.htm

5961:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

5709:

The Rise of the Concept of ‘Own-Nature’: (Sabhāva) in the Pa

5688:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

5424:

Ninth dharma talk on the Satipatthana Sutta (MP3 audio file)

4241:

On Buddha Essence: A Commentary on Rangjung Dorje's Treatise

5366:

Culavedalla Sutta: The Shorter Set of Questions-and-Answers

4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4142: 4140: 3329:– Majjhima Nikaya iii 15, Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu 3074:

any subsequent judgement concerning them. The English word

4639: 4637: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 3197:

states that "in brief, the five bundles of grasping-fuel (

5942:, in Siderits, Mark; Thompson, Evan; Zahavi, Dan (eds.), 5176: 5174: 4786: 4784: 3777:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 193, 232–233, 421–425. 2833:

identifies the form aggregate as the "solidification" of

2638:

the altered states of mind to which this practice leads (

2542:

which ultimately lead to the "entire mass of suffering" (

6234:, web page including description of the Five Aggregates. 4492: 4490: 4462: 4460: 3053:

consists of emotions and irregular thought patterns...."

6066:

Wayman, Alex (1971), "Buddhist Dependent Origination",

5480:

Five Piles of Bricks: The Khandhas as Burden & Path

5384:

Maha-punnama Sutta: The Great Full-moon Night Discourse

4936: 4934: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4880: 4878: 4776:

Maha-punnama Sutta: The Great Full-moon Night Discourse

4477: 4475: 3988: 3986: 3129:

In commenting on the use of "consciousness" in SN 22.3

2384:

well as "uprooting all conceivings in all its guises".

1309: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4402:

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue: Self and No-Self

4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 2978: 1650: 1642: 1578: 1570: 1506: 1498: 1434: 1426: 1368: 1360: 1303: 1297: 1285: 1104: 393: 386: 4562: 4560: 3654: 3652: 3650: 1279:) appears extensively in the Pali canon where, state 5493:

Fremantle, Francesca & Trungpa, Chõgyam (2003).

4953: 4951: 4949: 8830: 8745: 8660: 8358: 8260: 8143: 7840: 7768: 7595: 7468: 7408: 7043: 6909: 6849: 6694: 6586: 6516: 6370: 6315: 4542:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 137 with note 165. 3842: 3840: 3715:Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013). 3140:, consciousness serves as the connecting thread of 432: 416: 402: 380: 366: 350: 328: 300: 272: 244: 230: 197: 171: 157: 143: 129: 121: 114: 5466:. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. 5451:. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. 4420: 4072:Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921). 3659:Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921). 2865:), and thus being the basis for the creation of a 2777:the Buddhist teachings. The aggregates convey the 1901:is not "conducive to insight", and without proper 1274: 1268: 1206: 1195: 1184: 1173: 1162: 1136: 1117: 6104:"Dependent Origination - the Indo-Tibetan Vision" 6013:Buddhism: an outline of its teachings and schools 4125: 4123: 4121: 3942:. Theosophical Publishing House. pp. 37–38. 3211:* Impermanent: they come into being and dissolve. 80:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate 3598:Gal (p. 10) speculates that the use of the term 3408:The six sense consciousnesses are the basis for 3387:The sixth sense object (mental object) includes 2135: 1996: 1960: 438: 236: 5392:Abhidhamma, Pali commentaries, modern Theravada 4292:Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.). 4102:22.79, "Being Devoured" (Bodhi, 2000b, p. 915). 3027:, they define it similarly (see, for instance, 2881: 2791: 341: 334: 5866:Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism. 4515:. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 85–86. 4398:"Chapter 9, see also the Introduction Chapter" 4334:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 59–62. 4271:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–62. 4217:. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 84–86. 4051:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 71–72. 3066:although this is typically the translation of 1618: 1610: 1546: 1538: 1474: 1466: 1418: 1410: 1390: 1352: 1344: 1172:sensations (or feelings, received from form) ( 1157:The five aggregates or heaps of clinging are: 263: 250: 135: 6253: 6204:, translated primarily by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 5583:The Myth of Freedom and the Way of Meditation 5192:Nhat Hanh (1988), p. 1. Again, also see 4704: 4702: 4512:Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism 4214:Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism 3999:. Routledge. pp. 321–322, 382, 844–845. 2983:means "heap, group, collection or aggregate". 2474:the list of aggregates, which concludes with 2449:is a linear list of twelve elements from the 1666: 1658: 1594: 1586: 1522: 1514: 1450: 1442: 1383: 1376: 1083: 408: 372: 356: 221: 203: 188: 177: 163: 8: 7035:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 5921:Awareness Bound and Unbound: Buddhist Essays 3969:. Routledge. pp. 42, 48, 58–60, 69–70. 3439:, one compares the nine-nidana model of the 2879:Trungpa Rinpoche writes (2001, p. 38): 2822:further develops the aggregates in terms of 306: 6232:A View on Buddhism: Mind and Mental Factors 5196:, p. 2, and Suzuki (1960), p. 26. 5058:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilliams2000 ( 4896: 4648:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBoisvert2005 ( 4626:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBoisvert2005 ( 4607:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBosivert2005 ( 4588:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBoisvert2005 ( 3853:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 587–588. 3473:). A bhikkhu who sees one sees the other." 3070:meaning the apprehension of sensibilia and 3019:The Pali canon universally identifies that 1819:does not incorporate all human experience. 278: 6260: 6246: 6238: 4693: 4681: 4662: 4244:. Shambhala Publications. pp. 34–35. 4146: 3690: 3176:While not necessarily contradicted by the 2855: 2839: 2399: 2393: 1911: 1903: 1895: 1865: 1853: 1845: 1626: 1554: 1490: 1482: 1284:any form". Paul Williams et al. translate 1090: 1076: 456: 422: 149: 5546:. Emeryville, CA: Shoemaker & Hoard. 4850:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBodhi2000a ( 4831:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBodhi2000a ( 4298:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 34–37. 4165: 4078:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 664–665. 3993:Damien Keown; Charles S. Prebish (2013). 3903: 3665:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 232–234. 2963: 2961: 2869:relationship between "self" and "other." 6126:Budddhist Insight. Essays by Alex Wayman 5193: 5180: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5005: 4940: 4925: 4908: 4884: 4643: 4621: 4602: 4583: 4496: 4375:William Edelglass; Jay Garfield (2009). 3925:. Oxford University Press. p. 1141. 3507: 3371:The sixth sense organ (mind) is part of 1871:recognise the three marks of existence ( 8222:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 6169: 6153:Williams, Paul; Tribe, Anthony (2000), 5763:Religious Reflections on the Human Body 5436:. Seattle, WA: BPS Pariyatti Editions. 5434:The Path of Purification: Visuddhimagga 5269:Trungpa Rinpoche (1976), pp. 20–22 5235: 4869: 4378:Buddhist Philosophy: Essential Readings 3646: 3240:The physical, the personality factors ( 2957: 2826:epistemology and tantric reifications. 2712:school elaborates on the notion of the 2572:mindfulness of feelings or sensations ( 468: 8425:List of Buddhist architecture in China 5924:, State University of New York Press, 5902: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4845: 4826: 4814: 4802: 4790: 4763: 4751: 4566: 4177: 4032: 3888:"The Five-Aggregate Model of the Mind" 3822: 3758: 3702: 2594:According to Grzegorz Polak, the four 2579:mindfulness of mind or consciousness ( 1698:the base that supports all experience. 1161:form (or material image, impression) ( 111: 5628:Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism 5421:MN 10: Satipatthana Sutta (continued) 5381:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2001b). 5372:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2001a). 5165: 4957: 3963:Paul Williams; Anthony Tribe (2000). 3805:(First American ed.). New York: 3560:and in the sub-commentarial exegesis. 1784:Aggregates of experience and grasping 1229:to the aggregates. This suffering is 7: 5363:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998). 5072: 4466: 4427:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3718:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 2388:Eighteen dhātus and four paramatthas 5963:, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 153–223. 5447:Ñāṇamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998). 5278:Trungpa Rinpoche (1976), p. 23 5223: 4481: 3303:The Great Full-moon Night Discourse 1225:arises when one identifies with or 1154:subscribes to this interpretation. 8212:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 5528:The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching 5497:. Boston: Shambhala Publications. 4295:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 4132:The Five Aggregates. A Study Guide 3850:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 3774:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 2829:Referring to mahamudra teachings, 1851:. According to Boisvert, "not all 541:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 536:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 70:for transliterated languages, and 50:of its non-English content, using 14: 6020:Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (1997) , 5302:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2000b), 4189:Bhikkhu Bodhi, 2000b, p. 840 3469:) and origin through conditions ( 3095:The Theravada Abhidhamma divides 2527:which in turn condition craving ( 2508:which conditions the precursors ( 2295:Source: MN 109 (Thanissaro, 2001) 8893: 8883: 8882: 8440:Thai temple art and architecture 8185:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 6425:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 6291: 6278: 6268: 6202:Khandavagga suttas (a selection) 6011:Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (1974), 5841:Journal of the Pali Text Society 5515:. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press. 5323:. Boston: Wisdom Publications. 4201:, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013) 3120:Curzon Press 1995, page 143-146. 2775:a central topic in understanding 2620:which one needs to be aware of ( 2501:which conditions name-and-form ( 1686:cognizance, that which discerns. 1329:the five aggregates as follows: 1057: 476: 37: 6292: 6180:on kāya-sati (kāya-gatā-sati): 5868:The University Press of Hawaii. 5419:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (18 Jan 2005b). 5306:, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 4115:Curzon Press 1995, page 143-146 3919:Monier Monier-Williams (1872). 3297:According to Bikkhu Bodhi, the 2747:Shunyata, in Chinese texts, is 2569:mindfulness of the body (kaya); 2419:Material phenomena (rūpa, form) 8430:Japanese Buddhist architecture 8232:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 7312:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 6503:Places where the Buddha stayed 5782:, Cambridge University Press, 5678:Bucknell, Roderick S. (1999), 5341:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (2005a). 4419:Rupert Gethin (16 July 1998). 4365:, Curzon Press, pages 228-230. 3876:Encyclopædia Britannica (2013) 2808:Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra 2765: 2651:seven factors of enlightenment 2270:Mental Factors arise from the 1835:which is not harmful) or into 125:aggregate, mass, heap, cluster 86:multilingual support templates 1: 8445:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 5806:Contemporary Buddhism, 10 (2) 5658:Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), 5598:The Essential Chögyam Trungpa 3922:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary 3258:(demon of death in Buddhism). 3132:, Bodhi (2000b), pp. 1046-7, 2422:Mind or consciousness (citta) 1776:are considered real. But the 8202:Buddhism and the Roman world 8178:Decline of Buddhism in India 8173:History of Buddhism in India 6273: Topics in 6031:Journal of Indian Philosophy 5727:Journal of Indian Philosophy 5462:Soma Thera (trans.) (2003). 5205:Kalupahana (1975) p. 78 4509:David J. Kalupahana (1975). 4211:David J. Kalupahana (1975). 4045:David J. Kalupahana (1992). 3799:The Tibetan Book of the Dead 3062:Some translate this term as 2559:Mindfulness applies to four 1889:), and do not belong to the 739:Buddhist Paths to liberation 7400:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 7140: 5946:, Oxford University Press, 5938:MacKenzie, Matthew (2013), 5711: 5477:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2002). 5375:Khajjaniya Sutta: Chewed Up 5247:Suzuki (1960), p. 29, 5168:, p. 153-156, 196-197. 4972:, p. 173 with note 16. 4778:, Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2001) 4423:The Foundations of Buddhism 4129:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2010), 3847:Steven M. Emmanuel (2015). 3771:Steven M. Emmanuel (2015). 3098: 2979: 2856: 2840: 2530: 2511: 2493: 2490:) condition consciousness ( 2477: 2216: 1912: 1904: 1896: 1866: 1854: 1846: 1667: 1651: 1635: 1619: 1595: 1579: 1563: 1547: 1523: 1507: 1491: 1475: 1451: 1435: 1419: 1391: 1384: 1369: 1353: 1304: 1298: 1286: 1275: 1269: 1207: 1196: 1185: 1174: 1163: 1137: 1133:five aggregates of clinging 1118: 1105: 394: 342: 320: 292: 264: 222: 189: 8947: 8931:Sanskrit words and phrases 8350:The unanswerable questions 5864:Kalupahana, David (1975). 5661:Buddhist Teaching in India 5649:Boisvert, Mathieu (1995), 5214:Jinpa (2002), p. 112. 4539:The Symbolism of the Stupa 3886:Karunamuni ND (May 2015). 2697:This is formulated in the 2438: 2336: 1823:may transform into either 1815:. Boisvert notes that the 1325:The Buddha teaches in the 1310: 25: 18: 8878: 8435:Buddhist temples in Korea 6998:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 6901:Three planes of existence 6508:Buddha in world religions 6287: 6057:Swanson, Paul L. (1993), 6043:10.1007/s10781-007-9030-8 6015:, Theosophical Pub. House 5979:. NY: Thames and Hudson. 5909:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5832:Jurewicz, Joanna (2000), 5818:10.1080/14639940903239793 5626:Trungpa, Chögyam (2002). 5611:Trungpa, Chögyam (2001). 5596:Trungpa, Chögyam (1999). 5526:Nhât Hanh, Thich (1999). 4723:10.1080/09552360220142225 4536:Adrian Snodgrass (1992). 3437:(e.g., Thanissaro, 1997d) 2977:According to Dalai Lama, 2756: 2662:In the Mahayana tradition 2645:the development from the 2291: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2228: 2152: 2138: 2086: 2079: 2073: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2016: 2013: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1963: 1710:Aggregates of personality 1696:In some Mahayana sources: 1659: 1643: 1627: 1611: 1587: 1571: 1555: 1539: 1515: 1499: 1483: 1467: 1443: 1427: 1411: 1377: 1361: 1345: 1267:The Pali equivalent word 1261: 448: 423: 387: 373: 357: 335: 307: 279: 251: 204: 178: 164: 150: 136: 8217:Persecution of Buddhists 7438:Four stages of awakening 6819:Three marks of existence 6405:Physical characteristics 6176:Salient sections of the 6135:Buddhist Insight: Essays 6108:Buddhist Insight: Essays 5967:Polak, Grzegorz (2011), 5847:: 77–103, archived from 3996:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 3905:10.1177/2158244015583860 2936:Tathagatagarbha doctrine 2716:. Its basic text is the 2544:kevalassa dukkhakkhandha 2468:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 2074: 1929:produce future effects. 26:Not to be confused with 7580:Ten principal disciples 6463:(aunt, adoptive mother) 6137:, Motilal Banarsidass, 6110:, Motilal Banarsidass, 5997:, Motilal Banarsidass, 5975:Rawson, Philip (1991). 5796:Jinpa, Thupten (2002). 5772:London: Luzac Oriental, 5755:What the Buddha Thought 5664:, Wisdom Publications, 5561:Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro 5345:. Boston: Wisdom Pubs. 4075:Pali-English Dictionary 3809:. 2005. pp. xiii. 3662:Pali-English Dictionary 2466:of Veda X, 129 and the 2327:Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma 1957:In Theravada Abhidhamma 759:Philosophical reasoning 238:gugusan, gugus, agregat 8290:Buddhism and democracy 7803:Tibetan Buddhist canon 7798:Chinese Buddhist canon 7030:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 7025:Early Buddhist schools 6128:, Motilall Banarsidass 5776:Harvey, Peter (2013), 5707:Gal, Noa (July 2003). 5613:Glimpses of Abhidharma 5600:. Boston: Shambhala. 5585:. Boulder: Shambhala. 5565:Manual of Zen Buddhism 5530:. NY: Broadway Books. 5464:The Way of Mindfulness 4404:. Ashgate Publishing. 4238:Clark Johnson (2006). 3898:(2): 215824401558386. 3829:: CS1 maint: others ( 3514:contain the notion of 3213:* Anatta: each of the 3209:and the sense objects. 2886: 2800:Tathāgatagarbha Sutras 2796: 2692:Sarvastivada teachings 2684:dependently originated 2400: 2394: 2315:Early Buddhist schools 1652:sna'i rnam par shes pa 526:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 439: 409: 237: 8300:Eight Consciousnesses 6410:Life of Buddha in art 6124:Wayman, Alex (1990), 6102:Wayman, Alex (1984), 6061:, New York: Crossroad 5872:Kuan, Tse-fu (2008), 5703:, Motilal Banarsidass 5630:. Boston: Shambhala. 5615:. Boston: Shambhala. 5336:Anthologies of suttas 4361:Peter Harvey (1995), 4328:Peter Harvey (2012). 4265:Peter Harvey (2012). 3138:three characteristics 2737:Eight Consciousnesses 2608:, describing how the 2441:Dependent Origination 1829:nekkhamma-sita vedana 1817:pancha-upadanakkhanda 1243:independent existence 794:Aids to Enlightenment 619:Dependent Origination 8777:East Asian religions 8207:Buddhism in the West 7778:Early Buddhist texts 7393:Four Right Exertions 6859:Ten spiritual realms 6352:Noble Eightfold Path 6068:History of Religions 5991:Ruhe, Brian (2005), 5890:Lai, Whalen (2003), 5643:Secondary literature 5408:Pariyatti Editions. 4766:, pp. 1125–127. 3614:(Pali for "empty of 3425:(Thanissaro, 2006b). 3193:* Dukkha: The first 2802:, which concern the 2718:Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 2323:Theravāda Abhidhamma 2253:is derived from the 764:Devotional practices 587:Noble Eightfold Path 450:Glossary of Buddhism 84:. Knowledge (XXG)'s 48:specify the language 46:This article should 8900:Religion portal 8647:Temple of the Tooth 8526:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 7565:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 7058:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 6841:Two truths doctrine 6661:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6461:Mahapajapati Gotamī 5918:Loy, David (2009), 5567:. NY: Grove Press. 5075:, p. i, 9, 81. 4817:, pp. 1125–26. 4805:, pp. 1122–23. 4098:See, for instance, 3936:Dalai Lama (1966). 3539:Regarding the term 3449:(Thanissaro, 1997a) 3182:store consciousness 3142:personal continuity 2926:Schools of Buddhism 2820:Vajrayana tradition 2488:saṅkhāra • saṃskāra 2486:mental formations ( 2349:Salayatana samyutta 2255:Four Great Elements 1533:"mental formations" 1294:Johannes Bronkhorst 1273:(sometimes spelled 1138:Pañcupādānakkhandhā 1131:, it refers to the 1064:Buddhism portal 937:Buddhism by country 699:Sanskrit literature 8822:Western philosophy 8420:Dzong architecture 8242:Vipassana movement 8237:Buddhist modernism 7665:Emperor Wen of Sui 7433:Pratyekabuddhayāna 7366:Threefold Training 7168:Vipassana movement 6884:Hungry Ghost realm 6704:Avidyā (Ignorance) 6651:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 6400:Great Renunciation 6395:Eight Great Events 6277: 5994:Freeing the Buddha 5739:10.1007/BF00165825 5291:Primary literature 4899:, p. 167-168. 4829:, pp. 287–88. 4624:, p. 147-148. 4168:, p. 242–247. 4113:The Selfless Mind. 3465:momentary origin ( 3307:Maha-punnama Sutta 3299:Maha-punnama Sutta 3118:The Selfless Mind. 2911:Pratitya-samutpada 2724:, who refuted the 2612:are tranquilized: 1690:In the Abhidhamma: 1150:essentialism. The 551:Buddhist modernism 165:স্কন্ধ (skawndhaw) 8908: 8907: 8546:Om mani padme hum 8252:Women in Buddhism 8168:Buddhist councils 8038:Western countries 7826:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 7587:Shaolin Monastery 7164:Samatha-vipassanā 6774:Pratītyasamutpāda 6578:Metteyya/Maitreya 6496: 6488: 6480: 6472: 6464: 6456: 6448: 6325:Four Noble Truths 6215:The Five Skandhas 6144:978-81-208-0675-7 6117:978-81-208-0675-7 6004:978-81-208-1835-4 5953:978-0-19-166830-2 5931:978-1-4384-2680-8 5883:978-0-415-43737-0 5789:978-0-521-85942-4 5682:Paticca-samupadda 5671:978-0-86171-811-5 5542:Red Pine (2004). 5313:978-0-86171-331-8 5044:, p. 127–28. 4549:978-81-208-0781-5 4522:978-0-8248-0298-1 4438:978-0-19-289223-2 4411:978-1-4094-5662-9 4388:978-0-19-971655-5 4363:The Selfless Mind 4341:978-0-521-85942-4 4305:978-1-119-14466-3 4278:978-0-521-85942-4 4251:978-1-59030-276-7 4224:978-0-8248-0298-1 4085:978-81-208-1144-7 4058:978-0-8248-1402-1 4006:978-1-136-98588-1 3949:978-0-8356-0549-6 3860:978-1-119-14466-3 3784:978-1-119-14466-3 3728:978-1-4008-4805-8 3672:978-81-208-1144-7 3604:Paṭisambhidāmagga 3569:Paṭisambhidāmagga 3441:Maha-nidana Sutta 3401:mental formations 3044:is considered to 2668:Bodhisattva-ideal 2627:contemplation on 2520:) to sensations ( 2494:viññāṇa • vijñāna 2478:viññāṇa • vijñāna 2311: 2310: 2307: 2297: 2233: 2232: 2150: 2105: 2104: 2069: 2027: 1979:according to the 1925:", since not all 1863:". The wholesome 1100: 1099: 582:Four Noble Truths 455: 454: 108: 107: 88:may also be used. 21:Skandha (Jainism) 8938: 8898: 8897: 8886: 8885: 8725:Sacred languages 8573:Maya Devi Temple 8536:Mahabodhi Temple 8340:Secular Buddhism 8305:Engaged Buddhism 7145: 6993:Tibetan Buddhism 6944:Vietnamese Thiền 6543:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 6494: 6486: 6478: 6470: 6462: 6454: 6446: 6295: 6294: 6282: 6272: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6239: 6184: 6174: 6158: 6155:Buddhist Thought 6147: 6129: 6120: 6098: 6062: 6053: 6025: 6016: 6007: 5972: 5956: 5934: 5914: 5908: 5900: 5898: 5886: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5853: 5838: 5828: 5792: 5758: 5749: 5719:Internet Archive 5714: 5704: 5695: 5674: 5654: 5579:Trungpa, Chögyam 5557: 5509:Nhât Hanh, Thich 5404:. Seattle, WA: 5316: 5279: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5261: 5258: 5252: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5197: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5143: 5137: 5123: 5117: 5103: 5097: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4944: 4938: 4929: 4923: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4897:Frauwallner 1973 4894: 4888: 4882: 4873: 4867: 4856: 4855: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4711:Asian Philosophy 4706: 4697: 4696:, p. 28-29. 4691: 4685: 4679: 4666: 4665:, p. 26-32. 4660: 4654: 4653: 4641: 4632: 4631: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4581: 4570: 4564: 4555: 4553: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4485: 4484:, p. 63–64. 4479: 4470: 4469:, p. 92–93. 4464: 4455: 4442: 4426: 4415: 4392: 4372: 4366: 4359: 4346: 4345: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4150: 4144: 4135: 4127: 4116: 4109: 4103: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4042: 4036: 4035:, p. 56-57. 4030: 4011: 4010: 3990: 3981: 3980: 3966:Buddhist Thought 3960: 3954: 3953: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3844: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3820: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3733: 3732: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3693:, p. 28–31. 3688: 3677: 3676: 3656: 3636: 3629: 3623: 3612:sabhāvena suññaṃ 3537: 3531: 3500: 3494: 3493:the Heart Sutra. 3490: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3471:paccaya-samudaya 3467:khanika-samudaya 3458: 3452: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3360: 3354: 3337: 3331: 3295: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3238: 3232: 3191: 3185: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3127: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3087: 3060: 3054: 3038: 3032: 3017: 3011: 2990: 2984: 2982: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2901:Atman (Buddhism) 2874:Trungpa Rinpoche 2859: 2843: 2776: 2767: 2758: 2535:) and clinging ( 2533: 2514: 2496: 2480: 2463:Hymn of Creation 2403: 2397: 2303: 2301: 2293: 2281:other aggregates 2265:other aggregates 2219: 2144:mental factors ( 2142: 2136: 2132: 2122: 2118: 2082: 2077: 2059: 2048: 2017: 1997: 1977: 1961: 1946: 1915: 1907: 1899: 1869: 1857: 1849: 1670: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1646: 1645: 1638: 1630: 1629: 1622: 1614: 1613: 1598: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1574: 1573: 1566: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1542: 1541: 1526: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1502: 1501: 1494: 1486: 1485: 1478: 1470: 1469: 1454: 1446: 1445: 1438: 1430: 1429: 1422: 1414: 1413: 1394: 1387: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1364: 1363: 1356: 1348: 1347: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1301: 1289: 1278: 1272: 1263: 1212: 1201: 1190: 1179: 1168: 1140: 1121: 1108: 1092: 1085: 1078: 1062: 1061: 789:Sublime abidings 480: 457: 444: 428: 427: 412: 397: 390: 389: 376: 375: 374:ස්කන්ධ (skandha) 360: 359: 345: 338: 337: 323: 312: 311: 295: 284: 283: 267: 256: 255: 240: 225: 214: 213: 192: 181: 180: 167: 166: 153: 152: 139: 138: 137:स्कन्ध (skandha) 112: 103: 100: 94: 79: 73: 69: 63: 59: 53: 41: 40: 33: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8921:Eighteen dhātus 8911: 8910: 8909: 8904: 8892: 8874: 8826: 8741: 8656: 8393:Ordination hall 8354: 8256: 8227:Buddhist crisis 8139: 7836: 7788:Mahayana sutras 7764: 7760:Thích Nhất Hạnh 7591: 7464: 7404: 7354:Bodhisattva vow 7039: 6905: 6845: 6804:Taṇhā (Craving) 6739:Five hindrances 6690: 6582: 6512: 6366: 6311: 6283: 6266: 6228: 6219:Wayback Machine 6211: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6187: 6175: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6152: 6145: 6132: 6123: 6118: 6101: 6065: 6056: 6028: 6019: 6010: 6005: 5990: 5966: 5954: 5937: 5932: 5917: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5871: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5836: 5831: 5803: 5790: 5775: 5752: 5724: 5698: 5677: 5672: 5657: 5648: 5645: 5554: 5544:The Heart Sutra 5541: 5400:(ed.) (2000a). 5314: 5301: 5293: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5246: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5191: 5187: 5179: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5144: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5083: 5079: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5052: 5048: 5040: 5036: 5028: 5024: 5016: 5012: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4980: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4956: 4947: 4939: 4932: 4924: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4876: 4868: 4859: 4849: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4793:, p. 1123. 4789: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4754:, p. 1122. 4750: 4746: 4708: 4707: 4700: 4694:Bronkhorst 2009 4692: 4688: 4682:Bronkhorst 2009 4680: 4669: 4663:Bronkhorst 2009 4661: 4657: 4647: 4642: 4635: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4582: 4573: 4565: 4558: 4550: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4523: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4495: 4488: 4480: 4473: 4465: 4458: 4452:or aggregates". 4439: 4431:–149, 238–239. 4418: 4412: 4395: 4389: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4360: 4349: 4342: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4199:Anicca Buddhism 4197: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4153: 4147:Bronkhorst 2009 4145: 4138: 4128: 4119: 4110: 4106: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4059: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4031: 4014: 4007: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3976:978-0-415207003 3962: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3821: 3817: 3803:14th Dalai Lama 3797: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3736: 3729: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3691:Bronkhorst 2009 3689: 3680: 3673: 3658: 3657: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3630: 3626: 3597: 3561: 3538: 3534: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3459: 3455: 3434: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3361: 3357: 3338: 3334: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3266: 3262: 3239: 3235: 3212: 3210: 3199:upadana-skandha 3192: 3188: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3152: 3146:vinnanatthitiyo 3128: 3124: 3115: 3111: 3094: 3090: 3061: 3057: 3039: 3035: 3018: 3014: 3002:Pali literature 3000:)...". In the 2991: 2987: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2891: 2831:Chogyam Trungpa 2816: 2774: 2745: 2676: 2664: 2655:dhammānupassanā 2647:five hindrances 2633:vedanānupassanā 2618:six sense-bases 2586:mindfulness of 2557: 2518:phassa • sparśa 2443: 2437: 2390: 2365:The first five 2345: 2337:Main articles: 2335: 2333:Six sense bases 2305:diagram details 2299: 2275: 2223: 2212: 2207: 2195: 2188: 2183: 2171: 2164: 2159: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2100: 2093: 2088: 2080: 2075: 2062: 2046: 2020: 2019:4 elements 1978: 1969:Five Aggregates 1965: 1959: 1944: 1923:sankharaskandha 1841:gehasita vedana 1786: 1712: 1707: 1605:"consciousness" 1323: 1317: 1251: 1152:14th Dalai Lama 1096: 1056: 1049: 1048: 939: 929: 928: 879: 869: 868: 834: 824: 823: 729: 719: 718: 689:Mahayana Sutras 669: 659: 658: 599:Five Aggregates 577: 576: 556: 555: 546:Later Buddhists 511: 391: 361: 339: 313: 285: 257: 215: 182: 179:ခန္ဓာ (ငါးပါး)။ 116: 115:Translations of 104: 98: 95: 89: 77: 71: 67: 65:transliteration 61: 57: 51: 42: 38: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8944: 8942: 8934: 8933: 8928: 8926:Twelve nidānas 8923: 8913: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8902: 8890: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8836: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8767: 8757: 8751: 8749: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8666: 8664: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8643: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8591: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8457:Greco-Buddhist 8449: 8448: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8411: 8410: 8408:Burmese pagoda 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8364: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8266: 8264: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8198: 8197: 8190:Greco-Buddhism 8187: 8182: 8181: 8180: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8149: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8123:United Kingdom 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8068:Czech Republic 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8028: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8006: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7947: 7942: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7832:Abhidharmadīpa 7829: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7750:B. R. Ambedkar 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7670:Songtsen Gampo 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7601: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7414: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7396: 7395: 7385: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7363: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7349:Eight precepts 7346: 7336: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7309: 7308: 7307: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7228: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7137: 7127: 7122: 7120:Five Strengths 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7060: 7055: 7049: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6915: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6759:Mental factors 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6611:Mahamoggallāna 6608: 6603: 6598: 6592: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6526:Avalokiteśvara 6522: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6490: 6482: 6474: 6466: 6458: 6450: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6376: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6327: 6321: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6222: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6191:External links 6189: 6186: 6185: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6121: 6116: 6099: 6080:10.1086/462628 6074:(3): 185–203, 6063: 6054: 6037:(2): 297–317, 6026: 6017: 6008: 6003: 5988: 5973: 5964: 5957: 5952: 5935: 5930: 5915: 5887: 5882: 5869: 5862: 5829: 5812:(2): 241–259, 5801: 5794: 5788: 5773: 5768:Sue Hamilton. 5766: 5759: 5750: 5722: 5715:isambhidāmagga 5705: 5696: 5675: 5670: 5655: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5624: 5609: 5594: 5576: 5558: 5552: 5539: 5524: 5506: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5475: 5460: 5445: 5427: 5417: 5398:Bodhi, Bhikkhu 5394: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5379: 5370: 5360: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5317: 5312: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5271: 5262: 5253: 5240: 5238:, p. 373. 5228: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5185: 5170: 5158: 5138: 5118: 5098: 5077: 5065: 5046: 5034: 5032:, p. 127. 5022: 5020:, p. 138. 5010: 4998: 4986: 4984:, p. 256. 4974: 4962: 4945: 4930: 4913: 4901: 4889: 4874: 4857: 4838: 4819: 4807: 4795: 4780: 4768: 4756: 4744: 4698: 4686: 4667: 4655: 4646:, p. 148. 4633: 4614: 4605:, p. 150. 4595: 4586:, p. 147. 4571: 4556: 4548: 4528: 4521: 4501: 4486: 4471: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4437: 4416: 4410: 4387: 4367: 4347: 4340: 4320: 4311: 4304: 4284: 4277: 4257: 4250: 4230: 4223: 4203: 4191: 4182: 4170: 4166:MacKenzie 2013 4151: 4136: 4117: 4111:Peter Harvey, 4104: 4091: 4084: 4064: 4057: 4037: 4012: 4005: 3982: 3975: 3955: 3948: 3928: 3911: 3878: 3866: 3859: 3836: 3815: 3790: 3783: 3763: 3734: 3727: 3707: 3695: 3678: 3671: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3633:Twelve Nidanas 3624: 3581:Nettippakaraṇa 3532: 3495: 3485: 3475: 3453: 3428: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3355: 3339:The Pāli word 3332: 3309: 3301:, also called 3290: 3280: 3270: 3260: 3233: 3186: 3169: 3160: 3150: 3122: 3116:Peter Harvey, 3109: 3088: 3084:discrimination 3055: 3033: 3012: 2985: 2970: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2815: 2812: 2744: 2741: 2680:Prajnaparamita 2675: 2672: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2643: 2640:cittānupassanā 2636: 2625: 2592: 2591: 2584: 2577: 2570: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2547: 2540: 2525: 2506: 2499: 2447:Twelve Nidanas 2436: 2435:Twelve Nidanas 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2334: 2331: 2309: 2308: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2268: 2258: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2225: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2140: 2133: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2070: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2015: 2011: 2010: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1958: 1955: 1921:belong to the 1893:. Unwholesome 1859:belong to the 1785: 1782: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1705:Interpretation 1703: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1601: 1529: 1457: 1397: 1322: 1319: 1250: 1247: 1215: 1214: 1203: 1192: 1181: 1170: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 940: 935: 934: 931: 930: 927: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 880: 875: 874: 871: 870: 867: 866: 861: 856: 854:Pratyekabuddha 851: 846: 841: 835: 830: 829: 826: 825: 822: 821: 816: 811: 809:Buddhist chant 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 730: 725: 724: 721: 720: 717: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 670: 667:Buddhist texts 665: 664: 661: 660: 657: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 595: 594: 584: 578: 575: 574: 569: 563: 562: 561: 558: 557: 554: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 512: 507: 506: 503: 502: 501: 500: 495: 490: 482: 481: 473: 472: 466: 465: 453: 452: 446: 445: 436: 430: 429: 420: 414: 413: 406: 400: 399: 384: 378: 377: 370: 364: 363: 354: 348: 347: 332: 326: 325: 304: 298: 297: 276: 270: 269: 248: 242: 241: 234: 228: 227: 201: 195: 194: 175: 169: 168: 161: 155: 154: 151:खन्ध (khandha) 147: 141: 140: 133: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 106: 105: 45: 43: 36: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8943: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8889: 8881: 8880: 8877: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8829: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8662:Miscellaneous 8659: 8653: 8652:Vegetarianism 8650: 8648: 8645: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8474:Buddha in art 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8357: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8128:United States 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8019: 8015: 8012: 8011: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7955: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7685:Padmasambhava 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7597:Major figures 7594: 7588: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7544: 7543:Western tulku 7541: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7401: 7398: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7344:Five precepts 7342: 7341: 7340: 7337: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7322:Dhamma vicaya 7320: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7090:Buddhābhiṣeka 7088: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6734:Enlightenment 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6724:Dhamma theory 6722: 6720: 6719:Buddha-nature 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6693: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6558:Samantabhadra 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6489: 6483: 6481: 6475: 6473: 6467: 6465: 6459: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6263: 6258: 6256: 6251: 6249: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6140: 6136: 6131: 6130: 6127: 6122: 6119: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6027: 6023: 6018: 6014: 6009: 6006: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5985:0-500-81032-X 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5936: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5895: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5879: 5876:, Routledge, 5875: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5854:on 2015-04-09 5850: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5802: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5683: 5676: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5637: 5636:1-57062-957-9 5633: 5629: 5625: 5622: 5621:1-57062-764-9 5618: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5606:1-57062-466-6 5603: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5591:0-87773-084-9 5588: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5573:0-8021-3065-8 5570: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5553:1-59376-009-4 5549: 5545: 5540: 5537: 5536:0-7679-0369-2 5533: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5521:0-938077-11-2 5518: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5503:1-59030-059-9 5500: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5473: 5472:955-24-0256-5 5469: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5457:955-24-0167-4 5454: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5442:1-928706-00-2 5439: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5414:1-928706-02-9 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5358:Single sutras 5357: 5356: 5352: 5351:0-86171-491-1 5348: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5329:0-86171-072-X 5326: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5275: 5272: 5266: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5220: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5194:Red Pine 2004 5189: 5186: 5182: 5181:Red Pine 2004 5177: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5149: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5122: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5090:kāyagatā-sati 5087: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5066: 5061: 5056:, p. 46. 5055: 5054:Williams 2000 5050: 5047: 5043: 5042:Boisvert 1995 5038: 5035: 5031: 5030:Boisvert 1995 5026: 5023: 5019: 5018:Gombrich 2009 5014: 5011: 5007: 5006:Boisvert 1995 5002: 4999: 4995: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4941:Gombrich 2009 4937: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4926:Bucknell 1999 4922: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4909:Schumann 1997 4905: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4885:Jurewicz 2000 4881: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4847: 4842: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4684:, p. 27. 4683: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4656: 4651: 4645: 4644:Boisvert 2005 4640: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4622:Boisvert 2005 4618: 4615: 4610: 4604: 4603:Bosivert 2005 4599: 4596: 4591: 4585: 4584:Boisvert 2005 4580: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4532: 4529: 4524: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4497:Red Pine 2004 4493: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4424: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4261: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4207: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4180:, p. 56. 4179: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4149:, p. 28. 4148: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4068: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4041: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3932: 3929: 3924: 3923: 3915: 3912: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3826: 3818: 3816:0-670-85886-2 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3767: 3764: 3761:, p. 55. 3760: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3711: 3708: 3705:, p. 57. 3704: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3634: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3508:Red Pine 2004 3505: 3499: 3496: 3489: 3486: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3410:consciousness 3407: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3373:consciousness 3370: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3284: 3281: 3274: 3271: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3164: 3161: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3100: 3092: 3089: 3086:is preferred. 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2974: 2971: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2885: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872:According to 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2858: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2804:Buddha-nature 2801: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2720:, written by 2719: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2622:kāyānupassanā 2619: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2563: 2554: 2552: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2531:taṇhā • tṛṣṇā 2526: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2392:The eighteen 2387: 2385: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2356:Bhikkhu Bodhi 2354:According to 2352: 2350: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2296: 2290: 2282: 2278: 2277:Consciousness 2273: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2261:Consciousness 2259: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2239: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2149: 2147: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2107: 2099: 2097: 2092: 2091:consciousness 2085: 2072: 2068: 2066: 2051: 2038: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1974:pañca khandha 1971: 1970: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1951: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1914: 1908: 1906: 1900: 1898: 1892: 1891:sanna-skandha 1888: 1887: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1862: 1861:sanna-skandha 1858: 1856: 1850: 1848: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1806: 1802: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1788:According to 1783: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1709: 1704: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1663: 1655: 1653: 1647: 1639: 1637: 1631: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1591: 1583: 1581: 1575: 1567: 1565: 1559: 1551: 1549: 1543: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1519: 1511: 1509: 1503: 1495: 1493: 1487: 1479: 1477: 1471: 1463: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1447: 1439: 1437: 1431: 1423: 1421: 1415: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1386: 1381: 1373: 1371: 1365: 1357: 1355: 1349: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1306: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1282: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1211: 1210: 1205:discernment ( 1204: 1200: 1199: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1183:perceptions ( 1182: 1178: 1177: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1147:Sarvāstivādin 1142: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1120: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1107: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 941: 938: 933: 932: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 881: 878: 873: 872: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 836: 833: 828: 827: 820: 819:Vegetarianism 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 774:Recollections 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 744:Five precepts 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 728: 723: 722: 715: 712: 710: 709:Chinese canon 707: 705: 704:Tibetan canon 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 668: 663: 662: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 593: 590: 589: 588: 585: 583: 580: 579: 573: 570: 568: 565: 564: 560: 559: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 513: 510: 505: 504: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 484: 483: 479: 475: 474: 471: 467: 463: 459: 458: 451: 447: 443: 442: 437: 435: 431: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 405: 401: 396: 385: 383: 379: 371: 369: 365: 355: 353: 349: 344: 333: 331: 327: 322: 317: 310: 305: 303: 299: 294: 289: 282: 277: 275: 271: 266: 261: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 233: 229: 224: 219: 211: 207: 202: 200: 196: 191: 186: 176: 174: 170: 162: 160: 156: 148: 146: 142: 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 113: 110: 102: 92: 87: 83: 76: 66: 56: 49: 44: 35: 34: 29: 22: 8840:Bodhisattvas 8760:Christianity 8755:Baháʼí Faith 8620:Dharmachakra 8610:Prayer wheel 8600:Prayer beads 8368:Architecture 8247:969 Movement 8031:Saudi Arabia 8009:Central Asia 8002:South Africa 7824: 7807: 7740:Panchen Lama 7645:Buddhapālita 7241:Satipatthana 7236:Mindful Yoga 7149:Recollection 7063:Brahmavihara 6934:Japanese Zen 6929:Chinese Chan 6889:Animal realm 6793: 6696:Key concepts 6518:Bodhisattvas 6330:Three Jewels 6172: 6154: 6134: 6125: 6107: 6071: 6067: 6058: 6034: 6030: 6021: 6012: 5993: 5977:Sacred Tibet 5976: 5968: 5960: 5943: 5920: 5892: 5873: 5865: 5856:, retrieved 5849:the original 5844: 5840: 5809: 5805: 5797: 5778: 5769: 5762: 5754: 5730: 5726: 5708: 5700: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5660: 5650: 5627: 5612: 5597: 5582: 5564: 5543: 5527: 5512: 5494: 5478: 5463: 5448: 5433: 5420: 5401: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5342: 5320: 5303: 5296:Sutta Pitaka 5274: 5265: 5256: 5248: 5243: 5236:Swanson 1993 5231: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5188: 5183:, p. 2. 5161: 5154:dharma-smṛti 5153: 5146: 5141: 5133: 5126: 5121: 5114:vedanā-smṛti 5113: 5106: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5068: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4965: 4904: 4892: 4870:Shulman 2007 4848:, p. 6. 4841: 4822: 4810: 4798: 4771: 4759: 4747: 4714: 4710: 4689: 4658: 4617: 4598: 4538: 4531: 4511: 4504: 4499:, p. 9. 4449: 4444: 4422: 4401: 4377: 4370: 4362: 4330: 4323: 4314: 4294: 4287: 4267: 4260: 4240: 4233: 4213: 4206: 4194: 4185: 4173: 4131: 4112: 4107: 4094: 4074: 4067: 4047: 4040: 3995: 3965: 3958: 3938: 3931: 3921: 3914: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3869: 3849: 3807:Viking Press 3798: 3793: 3773: 3766: 3717: 3710: 3698: 3661: 3627: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3591: 3587:Milindapañha 3585: 3579: 3575:Peṭakopadesa 3573: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3543:(Pali; Skt: 3540: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3498: 3488: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3440: 3431: 3419: 3409: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3372: 3365: 3358: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3328: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3288:liberation." 3283: 3273: 3263: 3255: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3189: 3172: 3163: 3153: 3145: 3133: 3125: 3117: 3112: 3104: 3096: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2973: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2862: 2854: 2846: 2838: 2828: 2817: 2797: 2792: 2770: 2764: 2746: 2730: 2726:Sarvastivada 2707: 2696: 2687: 2677: 2665: 2654: 2639: 2632: 2621: 2609: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2593: 2560: 2558: 2555:Satipatthana 2549: 2543: 2536: 2528: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2502: 2491: 2487: 2475: 2472: 2461: 2459: 2454: 2444: 2412: 2409:Sutta Pitaka 2406: 2391: 2382: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2312: 2302: 2298: 2263:arises from 2214: 2209: 2190: 2185: 2166: 2161: 2145: 2095: 2090: 2064: 2022: 2005: 2001: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1949: 1940: 1938: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1910: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1864: 1860: 1852: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1787: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1759:Sarvastivada 1754: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1695: 1689: 1675: 1665: 1657: 1649: 1641: 1633: 1625: 1617: 1609: 1603: 1593: 1585: 1577: 1569: 1561: 1553: 1545: 1537: 1531: 1521: 1513: 1505: 1497: 1489: 1481: 1473: 1465: 1461:"perception" 1459: 1449: 1441: 1433: 1425: 1417: 1409: 1408:(Skt., Pāli 1405: 1399: 1389: 1375: 1367: 1359: 1351: 1343: 1342:(Skt., Pāli 1339: 1333: 1324: 1316: 1292: 1266: 1253: 1252: 1231:extinguished 1216: 1156: 1145: 1143: 1132: 1116: 1103: 1102: 1101: 769:Merit making 734:Three Jewels 674:Buddhavacana 604:Impermanence 598: 592:Dharma wheel 293:pănhchăkkhăn 109: 96: 82:ISO 639 code 78:}} 72:{{ 68:}} 62:{{ 58:}} 52:{{ 47: 8685:Dharma talk 8514:Asalha Puja 8310:Eschatology 8113:Switzerland 8093:New Zealand 8021:Middle East 7930:Philippines 7850:Afghanistan 7655:Bodhidharma 7640:Buddhaghosa 7560:Householder 7470:Monasticism 7423:Bodhisattva 7278:Prostration 7231:Mindfulness 7159:Anapanasati 7142:Kammaṭṭhāna 6939:Korean Seon 6879:Asura realm 6874:Human realm 6814:Ten Fetters 6769:Parinirvana 6671:Uppalavanna 6636:Mahākaccana 6621:Mahākassapa 6553:Kṣitigarbha 6548:Ākāśagarbha 6445:Suddhodāna 6390:Four sights 6317:Foundations 6164:Web-sources 6157:, Routledge 5430:Buddhaghosa 5134:citta-smṛti 4994:Wayman 1971 4982:Wayman 1990 4970:Wayman 1984 4846:Bodhi 2000a 4827:Bodhi 2000a 4815:Bodhi 2000b 4803:Bodhi 2000b 4791:Bodhi 2000b 4764:Bodhi 2000b 4752:Bodhi 2000b 4717:(1): 5–20. 4567:Gethin 1986 4178:Harvey 2013 4033:Harvey 2013 3759:Harvey 2013 3703:Harvey 2013 3593:Buddhavaṃsa 3551:, the term 3526:(Sanskrit, 3323:"No, lord." 3313:"No, lord." 3195:Noble Truth 3040:Generally, 2941:Ti-lakkhana 2787:D.T. Suzuki 2771:nothingness 2699:Heart Sutra 2413:paramatthas 1917:, "not all 1401:"sensation" 1321:Description 1281:Rhys Davids 1221:tradition, 1004:New Zealand 859:Bodhisattva 844:Four Stages 799:Monasticism 779:Mindfulness 749:Perfections 679:Early Texts 8915:Categories 8802:Psychology 8782:Gnosticism 8770:Comparison 8765:Influences 8747:Comparison 8630:Bhavacakra 8588:Kushinagar 8563:Pilgrimage 8509:Māgha Pūjā 8464:Bodhi Tree 8280:Buddhology 8270:Abhidharma 8262:Philosophy 8195:Menander I 8063:Costa Rica 8014:Uzbekistan 7855:Bangladesh 7809:Dhammapada 7793:Pali Canon 7755:Ajahn Chah 7735:Dalai Lama 7635:Kumārajīva 7630:Vasubandhu 7605:The Buddha 7513:Zen master 7448:Sakadagami 7428:Buddhahood 7359:Pratimokṣa 7174:Shikantaza 7130:Meditation 7105:Deity yoga 6976:Madhyamaka 6869:Deva realm 6764:Mindstream 6714:Bodhicitta 6626:Aṅgulimāla 6493:Devadatta 6469:Yaśodharā 6372:The Buddha 6362:Middle Way 6178:Pāli canon 5858:2019-01-01 5800:Routledge. 5166:Polak 2011 5094:kāya-smṛti 4958:Jones 2009 3642:References 3504:"Svabhava" 3397:perception 3082:)), hence 3076:conception 3064:perception 2996:, Tibetan 2794:definable. 2714:Middle Way 2710:Madhyamaka 2610:samskharas 2512:saḷāyatana 2439:See also: 2343:Ṣaḍāyatana 2325:, but the 2319:Abhidharma 2186:perception 1981:Pali Canon 1790:Thanissaro 1327:Pali Canon 877:Traditions 814:Pilgrimage 754:Meditation 714:Post-canon 694:Pāli Canon 624:Middle Way 521:The Buddha 434:Vietnamese 281:បញ្ចក្ខន្ធ 232:Indonesian 8870:Festivals 8850:Buddhists 8812:Theosophy 8615:Symbolism 8605:Hama yumi 8578:Bodh Gaya 8345:Socialism 8320:Evolution 8295:Economics 8133:Venezuela 8048:Australia 8043:Argentina 7967:Sri Lanka 7962:Singapore 7880:Indonesia 7842:Countries 7783:Tripiṭaka 7745:Ajahn Mun 7620:Nagarjuna 7615:Aśvaghoṣa 7498:Anagārika 7493:Śrāmaṇerī 7488:Śrāmaṇera 7483:Bhikkhunī 7443:Sotāpanna 7332:Passaddhi 7273:Offerings 7248:Nekkhamma 7125:Iddhipada 7045:Practices 7015:Theravada 6988:Vajrayana 6981:Yogachara 6951:Pure Land 6864:Six Paths 6851:Cosmology 6631:Anuruddha 6606:Sāriputta 6596:Kaundinya 6588:Disciples 6563:Vajrapāṇi 6415:Footprint 6380:Tathāgata 6226:Vajrayana 6196:Theravada 6096:161507469 5826:145413087 5757:, Equinox 5747:170833425 5684:Doctrine" 5086:kāya-sati 5073:Kuan 2008 4739:142533789 4731:0955-2367 4467:Ruhe 2005 3892:SAGE Open 3825:cite book 3562:The term 3350:catudhātu 3080:a concept 3068:pratyakṣa 3029:Nhat Hanh 3007:nāma-rūpa 2994:nāma-rūpa 2906:Nagarjuna 2867:dualistic 2835:ignorance 2824:mahamudra 2722:Nagarjuna 2703:emptiness 2503:nāma-rūpa 2210:formation 2023:mahābhūta 1747:Tathagata 1572:འདུ་བྱེད། 1406:"feeling" 1249:Etymology 1223:suffering 1219:Theravada 1024:Sri Lanka 1014:Singapore 969:Indonesia 909:Vajrayāna 884:Theravāda 839:Awakening 727:Practices 684:Tripiṭaka 654:Cosmology 629:Emptiness 609:Suffering 330:Mongolian 99:July 2020 8888:Category 8817:Violence 8787:Hinduism 8735:Sanskrit 8690:Hinayana 8675:Amitābha 8635:Swastika 8504:Uposatha 8494:Holidays 8479:Calendar 8325:Humanism 8163:Kanishka 8153:Timeline 7977:Thailand 7945:Kalmykia 7940:Buryatia 7925:Pakistan 7910:Mongolia 7905:Maldives 7900:Malaysia 7865:Cambodia 7730:Shamarpa 7725:Nichiren 7675:Xuanzang 7610:Nagasena 7528:Rinpoche 7258:Pāramitā 7100:Devotion 7020:Navayana 7008:Dzogchen 6971:Nichiren 6919:Mahayana 6911:Branches 6789:Saṅkhāra 6538:Mañjuśrī 6495:(cousin) 6487:(cousin) 6455:(mother) 6447:(father) 6435:Miracles 6385:Birthday 6302:Glossary 6275:Buddhism 6209:Mahayana 6051:59132368 5905:citation 5581:(1976). 5563:(1960). 5511:(1988). 5488:Mahayana 5224:Lai 2003 4482:Loy 2009 4450:skandhas 3620:svabhāva 3590:and the 3545:svabhāva 3516:svabhava 3246:skandhas 3242:skandhas 3215:skandhas 3207:skandhas 3105:samskara 3099:saṅkhāra 2931:Shunyata 2921:Sankhāra 2889:See also 2845:; Skt., 2783:Absolute 2779:relative 2733:Yogacara 2688:reaction 2600:upassanā 2596:upassanā 2562:upassanā 2451:Buddhist 2371:internal 2367:external 2217:saṅkhāra 2146:cetasika 1941:khandhas 1927:sankhara 1919:sankhara 1825:niramisa 1799:skandhas 1763:Hinduism 1755:skandhas 1736:skandhas 1644:རྣམ་ཤེས། 1640:), Tib. 1624:), Pāli 1580:'du.byed 1568:), Tib. 1564:saṅkhāra 1552:), Pāli 1548:saṃskāra 1508:'du shes 1500:འདུ་ཤེས། 1496:), Tib. 1480:), Pāli 1436:tshor ba 1424:); Tib. 1358:); Tib. 1340:"matter" 1296:renders 1258:Sanskrit 1235:Mahayana 1198:sanskara 1129:Buddhism 1119:khandhas 1113:Sanskrit 1106:Skandhas 1034:Thailand 994:Mongolia 989:Malaysia 954:Cambodia 919:Navayana 899:Hinayana 894:Mahāyāna 804:Lay life 634:Morality 614:Not-self 572:Concepts 531:Councils 516:Timeline 488:Glossary 470:Buddhism 462:a series 460:Part of 395:phung po 343:tsogtsas 246:Japanese 131:Sanskrit 8865:Temples 8845:Buddhas 8807:Science 8797:Judaism 8792:Jainism 8710:Lineage 8670:Abhijñā 8640:Thangka 8583:Sarnath 8568:Lumbini 8489:Funeral 8484:Cuisine 8360:Culture 8335:Reality 8285:Creator 8275:Atomism 8145:History 8118:Ukraine 8078:Germany 7997:Senegal 7987:Vietnam 7915:Myanmar 7715:Shinran 7705:Karmapa 7680:Shandao 7650:Dignāga 7575:Śrāvaka 7555:Donchee 7550:Kappiya 7508:Sayadaw 7478:Bhikkhu 7453:Anāgāmi 7410:Nirvana 7376:Samadhi 7263:Paritta 7204:Tonglen 7199:Mandala 7154:Smarana 7135:Mantras 7083:Upekkha 7053:Bhavana 7003:Shingon 6956:Tiantai 6809:Tathātā 6799:Śūnyatā 6794:Skandha 6784:Saṃsāra 6779:Rebirth 6754:Kleshas 6744:Indriya 6646:Subhūti 6531:Guanyin 6485:Ānanda 6477:Rāhula 6357:Nirvana 6297:Outline 6217:at the 6088:1062009 6024:, Asoka 5285:Sources 5152:; Skt. 5132:; Skt. 5112:; Skt. 5092:; Skt. 5084:(Pāli: 3874:Skandha 3616:sabhāva 3602:in the 3600:sabhāva 3564:sabhāva 3558:dhammas 3553:sabhāva 3541:sabhāva 3528:"atman" 3463:origin, 3393:feeling 3228:skandha 3178:Nikayas 2980:skandha 2916:Samsara 2861:; Skt. 2853:(Pali, 2837:(Pali, 2789:notes: 2753:Chinese 2649:to the 2629:vedanās 2588:dhammās 2537:upādāna 2429:Nibbāna 2339:Ayatana 2272:Contact 2162:feeling 2096:viññāna 2061:contact 2004: ( 1950:Nibbāna 1812:samsara 1778:skandha 1774:skandha 1767:Jainism 1724:skandha 1717:skandha 1678:Nikayas 1676:In the 1656:); Ch. 1636:viññāṇa 1628:विञ्ञाण 1620:vijñāna 1612:विज्ञान 1584:); Ch. 1540:संस्कार 1512:); Ch. 1440:); Ch. 1374:); Ch. 1311:ཕུང་པོ། 1305:skandha 1299:skandha 1287:skandha 1276:Kkhanda 1270:Khandha 1254:Skandha 1217:In the 1209:vijnana 1044:Vietnam 999:Myanmar 914:Tibetan 904:Chinese 832:Nirvāṇa 649:Saṃsāra 644:Rebirth 509:History 498:Outline 441:Ngũ uẩn 410:skandha 404:Tagalog 388:ཕུང་པོ་ 382:Tibetan 368:Sinhala 358:ၶၼ်ႇထႃႇ 199:Chinese 190:kʰàɰ̃dà 173:Burmese 159:Bengali 122:English 117:skandha 91:See why 8860:Sutras 8855:Suttas 8720:Siddhi 8705:Koliya 8680:Brahmā 8595:Poetry 8541:Mantra 8531:Kasaya 8403:Pagoda 8383:Kyaung 8378:Vihāra 8373:Temple 8315:Ethics 8158:Ashoka 8108:Sweden 8103:Poland 8098:Norway 8088:Mexico 8073:France 8058:Canada 8053:Brazil 7992:Africa 7972:Taiwan 7935:Russia 7860:Bhutan 7820:Vinaya 7700:Naropa 7690:Saraha 7625:Asanga 7381:Prajñā 7290:Refuge 7253:Nianfo 7214:Tertön 7209:Tantra 7194:Ganana 7184:Tukdam 7110:Dhyāna 7078:Mudita 7073:Karuṇā 6966:Risshū 6961:Huayan 6894:Naraka 6834:Anattā 6829:Dukkha 6824:Anicca 6729:Dharma 6681:Channa 6616:Ānanda 6601:Assaji 6568:Skanda 6471:(wife) 6440:Family 6420:Relics 6345:Sangha 6340:Dharma 6335:Buddha 6141: 6114: 6094: 6086: 6049: 6001: 5983: 5971:, UMCS 5950: 5928: 5880: 5824: 5786: 5745: 5668: 5634: 5619: 5604: 5589: 5571: 5550: 5534: 5519: 5501: 5470: 5455: 5440: 5412: 5349: 5327: 5310: 5148:dhammā 5145:(Pāli 5125:(Pāli 5108:vedanā 5105:(Pāli 4737: 4729: 4546: 4519: 4445:Quote: 4435: 4408: 4385: 4338: 4302: 4275: 4248: 4221: 4082: 4055: 4003: 3973: 3946: 3857: 3813: 3781: 3725: 3669: 3584:, the 3578:, the 3572:, the 3549:suttas 3524:"atta" 3483:sutra. 3224:Dukkha 3220:anatta 3203:dukkha 3050:vedanā 3042:vedanā 3025:vedana 3021:vedana 2896:Anatta 2851:wisdom 2847:avidyā 2841:avijjā 2763:: 2761:pinyin 2755:: 2605:jhanas 2583:); and 2574:vedanā 2522:vedanā 2455:dukkha 2292: 2241: 2236: 2229: 2224: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167:vedanā 2158: 2153: 2139: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2101: 2087: 2065:phassa 2056: 2053: 2043: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2014: 1993: 1988: 1964: 1945:Albani 1886:anicca 1880:anatta 1874:dukkha 1833:vedana 1821:Vedana 1794:Buddha 1792:, the 1732:dukkha 1682:Āgamas 1608:(Skt. 1556:सङ्खार 1536:(Skt. 1476:saṃjñā 1468:संज्ञा 1464:(Skt. 1428:ཚོར་བ། 1420:vedanā 1362:གཟུགས། 1335:"form" 1262:स्कन्ध 1227:clings 1187:samjna 1176:vedana 1029:Taiwan 1009:Russia 949:Brazil 944:Bhutan 864:Buddha 784:Wisdom 567:Dharma 336:ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ 302:Korean 288:UNGEGN 260:Rōmaji 218:Pinyin 208:(T) / 28:Skanda 8832:Lists 8700:Kalpa 8695:Iddhi 8558:Music 8553:Mudra 8519:Vassa 8499:Vesak 8469:Budai 8415:Candi 8398:Stupa 8330:Logic 8083:Italy 7982:Tibet 7920:Nepal 7890:Korea 7885:Japan 7875:India 7870:China 7815:Sutra 7770:Texts 7720:Dōgen 7710:Hōnen 7695:Atiśa 7660:Zhiyi 7570:Achar 7538:Tulku 7533:Geshe 7518:Rōshi 7503:Ajahn 7458:Arhat 7418:Bodhi 7388:Vīrya 7305:Sacca 7300:Satya 7295:Sādhu 7283:Music 7226:Merit 7219:Terma 7179:Zazen 7115:Faith 7068:Mettā 6749:Karma 6709:Bardo 6676:Asita 6666:Khema 6656:Upāli 6641:Nanda 6479:(son) 6453:Māyā 6430:Films 6307:Index 6092:S2CID 6084:JSTOR 6047:S2CID 5897:(PDF) 5852:(PDF) 5837:(PDF) 5822:S2CID 5793:1996. 5743:S2CID 5150:-sati 5130:-sati 5128:citta 5110:-sati 4735:S2CID 3522:word 3345:dhātu 3341:dhātu 3251:citta 2998:gzugs 2953:Notes 2946:Kosha 2863:vidyā 2857:vijjā 2814:Tibet 2743:China 2674:India 2581:citta 2401:dhātu 2395:dhātu 2191:sañña 1934:Ātman 1913:sanna 1905:sanna 1897:sanna 1867:sanna 1855:sanna 1847:sanna 1837:amisa 1741:Arhat 1524:xiǎng 1492:saññā 1484:सञ्ञा 1412:वेदना 1370:gzugs 1239:empty 1115:) or 1039:Tibet 979:Korea 974:Japan 964:India 959:China 924:Newar 849:Arhat 639:Karma 493:Index 425:ขันธ์ 274:Khmer 185:MLCTS 8730:Pāḷi 8715:Māra 8625:Flag 8026:Iran 7950:Tuva 7895:Laos 7523:Lama 7371:Śīla 7339:Śīla 7327:Pīti 7317:Sati 7268:Puja 7189:Koan 7095:Dāna 6686:Yasa 6573:Tārā 6139:ISBN 6112:ISBN 5999:ISBN 5981:ISBN 5948:ISBN 5926:ISBN 5911:link 5878:ISBN 5784:ISBN 5666:ISBN 5632:ISBN 5617:ISBN 5602:ISBN 5587:ISBN 5569:ISBN 5548:ISBN 5532:ISBN 5517:ISBN 5499:ISBN 5468:ISBN 5453:ISBN 5438:ISBN 5410:ISBN 5347:ISBN 5325:ISBN 5308:ISBN 5251:. 4. 5060:help 4852:help 4833:help 4727:ISSN 4650:help 4628:help 4609:help 4590:help 4544:ISBN 4517:ISBN 4433:ISBN 4406:ISBN 4383:ISBN 4336:ISBN 4300:ISBN 4273:ISBN 4246:ISBN 4219:ISBN 4080:ISBN 4053:ISBN 4001:ISBN 3971:ISBN 3944:ISBN 3855:ISBN 3831:link 3811:ISBN 3779:ISBN 3723:ISBN 3667:ISBN 3520:Pali 3447:15) 3399:and 3389:form 3382:form 3366:form 3256:Mara 2818:The 2798:The 2769:) , 2749:"Wu" 2731:The 2708:The 2678:The 2616:the 2445:The 2341:and 2313:The 2279:and 2251:Form 2006:rūpa 2002:form 1966:The 1765:and 1744:and 1596:xíng 1452:shòu 1392:rūpa 1354:rūpa 1165:rupa 1125:Pāḷi 984:Laos 889:Pāli 418:Thai 352:Shan 145:Pali 55:lang 8452:Art 8388:Wat 6924:Zen 6076:doi 6039:doi 5814:doi 5735:doi 5694:(2) 5406:BPS 4719:doi 4429:140 3900:doi 3512:not 3072:not 3046:not 1839:or 1827:or 1809:to 1668:shí 1404:or 1346:रूप 1338:or 1308:is 1241:of 223:yùn 212:(S) 75:IPA 8917:: 7954:ru 6106:, 6090:, 6082:, 6072:10 6070:, 6045:, 6035:36 6033:, 5907:}} 5903:{{ 5845:26 5843:, 5839:, 5820:, 5810:10 5808:, 5741:, 5733:, 5731:14 5729:, 5692:22 5690:, 5686:, 5173:^ 5088:, 4948:^ 4933:^ 4916:^ 4877:^ 4860:^ 4783:^ 4733:. 4725:. 4715:12 4713:. 4701:^ 4670:^ 4636:^ 4574:^ 4559:^ 4489:^ 4474:^ 4459:^ 4443:, 4400:. 4350:^ 4154:^ 4139:^ 4120:^ 4100:SN 4015:^ 3985:^ 3894:. 3890:. 3839:^ 3827:}} 3823:{{ 3737:^ 3681:^ 3649:^ 3596:." 3530:). 3445:DN 3395:, 3391:, 3384:. 3368:. 3353:). 3231:." 3134:n. 3004:, 2960:^ 2766:Wú 2759:; 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