38:
319:
903:, and from the second half of the 10th century, all known court skalds were from Iceland or the Orkney Islands. By the end of the 10th century, skaldic poetry had become increasingly internally complex, and in the 11th century Christian skalds reacted against this complexity by using far fewer kennings, especially avoiding those referencing heathen deities. In the 12th century, a century after the conversion of Iceland, some skalds reintroduced heathen kennings as literary formulae, interest in ancient tradition was revived, and
2488:
869:(Saint Olaf). They produced praise poetry telling of their patrons' deeds, which became an orally transmitted record and was subsequently cited in history sagas. One example of this is the Helmskringla by Snorri Sturlson. A third of the book focuses on Olaf II Haraldsson. Their accuracy has been the subject of debate, but the verse form guards against corruption and the skalds traditionally criticized as well as advised their patrons. Skalds at the court at Hlaðir have been credited with developing the
889:
519:
4964:
950:, a handbook produced around 1220 that includes a guide to the metres, an explanation of kennings and their mythological and heroic bases grounded in contemporary learning, and numerous examples that preserve many skaldic verses, enabled skaldic poetry to continue in Iceland after the tradition of court poetry ended in the 13th century.
377:
Eddic poems are characterized by their mythological, ethical, and heroic content, while skaldic verse has a wider range of subject matter. One of the main topics was mighty kings and the deeds of courtly patrons. Eddic poetry typically includes a large amount of dialogue and rarely recounts battles;
822:
metre appears to have been an innovation associated with a new fashion in formally more elaborate poetry associated with named poets. The metre has been compared to Irish and Latin poetic forms, which may have influenced its development. Origins in magic have also been suggested, because of the
427:
manuscript. Skaldic verses are preserved in a large number of manuscripts, including many sagas, and some skaldic poetry, including prophetic, dream, and memorial poems, uses the simpler metres. Medieval
Scandinavians appear to have distinguished between older and more modern poetry rather than
449:, as he was walking down the street, to compose two stanzas casting a quarreling smith and tanner through the choice of kennings as specific figures first from mythology and then from heroic legend. It is not common though that skaldic verse are a spur of the moment thing.
845:
from the early 9th century, some have argued that he and his associates invented it, but his work is already highly accomplished, suggesting that this style of poetry had been developing for some time. Bragi (whom many scholars consider was deified as the god
817:
The origin story for poetry comes from a myth by Snorri
Sturlson. The story depicts poetry as a liquid that takes various forms. The point of this is to show that poetry has gone through and will continue to go through change. The
147:, a handbook of skaldic composition that led to a revival of the art. Many of these verses are fragments of originally longer works, and the authorship of many is unknown. The earliest known skald from whom verses survive is
1255:
project has prepared a new edition with associated database online; 5 of a projected 9 volumes had been published as of 2018. This edition groups the poems according to the type of prose source in which they are preserved.
3533:
373:
to modern readers, as well as creating ambiguity in interpretation; but the original audiences would have been familiar with the conventions of the syntactic interweaving as well as the vocabulary of the kennings.
4473:
541:
Most of the longer skaldic poems were composed by court poets to honor kings and jarls. They typically have historical content, relating battles and other deeds from the king's career. Examples include:
365:("speech form") metres of the Eddic poems. Skaldic poetry is also characteristically more ornate in its diction, using more interlacing of elements of meaning within the verse and many more kennings and
3523:
4518:
3528:
510:‘little drápa’, a shorter series of verses without refrain. There are also some shield poems, which supposedly describe mythological scenes on a shield presented to the poet by a patron.
1343:
853:
Most of the skalds of whom we know spent all or part of their careers as court poets, either those of kings, particularly the kings of Norway, or those of jarls, particularly the
369:. This both assisted in meeting the greater technical demands of the metre and allowed the poets to display their skill in wordplay. The resulting complexity can appear somewhat
3503:
3498:
2569:
2675:
940:
Despite these adaptations, the skaldic tradition itself was endangered by the popularity of newer and simpler forms of poetry and loss of knowledge of the kenning tradition.
3518:
3513:
3508:
3493:
3488:
3483:
2653:
1468:
1252:
181:
2323:
151:, known as Bragi the Old, a Norwegian skald of the first half of the 9th century. Most known skalds were attached to the courts of Norwegian kings during the
3478:
2434:
2076:. Histories of Scandinavian Literature. Vol. 5. Lincoln, Nebraska / London: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, University of Nebraska. p. 153.
3473:
2967:
2897:
4538:
6430:
1228:, published in 4 volumes in Copenhagen in 1908–15 (2 volumes each diplomatic and corrected text; with Danish translations). Later editions include
5611:
523:
452:
Although there is no evidence that the skalds employed musical instruments, some speculate that they may have accompanied their verses with the
5155:
3373:
107:. Skaldic poems were traditionally composed to honor kings, but were sometimes extempore. They include both extended works and single verses (
6395:
6390:
6249:
5989:
5759:
5043:
3936:
1716:
341:
simply means "poet" or "composer". Skaldic verse is distinguished from Eddic by characteristically being more complex in style and by using
5091:
3810:
3057:
5566:
5048:
2646:
3631:
3626:
1065:
4710:
4450:
4332:
6435:
1184:
attributed in sagas to women have traditionally been regarded as inauthentic, and few female skalds are known by name. They include:
5175:
4748:
3355:
2312:
2081:
1744:
1662:
1446:
318:
1147:
446:
2427:
658:, partially preserved: originally consisted of sections on two mythological scenes and two from the deeds of his patron, Ragnarr
6385:
5708:
5191:
156:
6179:
5959:
6502:
5581:
2639:
2599:
2324:
http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/CODEXREGIUS.html#:~:text=Codex%20Regius%20is%20a%20copy,1300%20or%20a%20little%20later
2149:
3880:
5784:
1012:
718:
667:
37:
6497:
6492:
6466:
6420:
6305:
5596:
5571:
5150:
2375:
1206:
5844:
5606:
1224:
953:
Christian religious poetry became an increasingly important part of the skaldic tradition beginning in the 12th century.
881:. Poetic ability was highly valued; the art was practised by the Norwegian kings themselves, and several skalds, such as
586:
172:
6512:
6285:
6280:
2589:
2240:
5366:
6275:
5779:
5471:
4943:
4493:
2420:
2330:
6119:
5874:
5551:
5391:
3047:
2957:
1050:
925:
and was probably influenced by Latin metres. This metre arose in the 10th century and was popularized in the 11th by
699:
401:
1923:(1964) . "Die religiöse Sprache der Vǫluspá und verwandter Denkmäler". In Roswitha Wisniewski; Herbert Kolb (eds.).
5651:
5621:
5506:
5246:
4660:
4650:
3758:
3658:
3165:
2927:
2594:
2387:
1373:
3890:
1106:
602:
6461:
6345:
6124:
5496:
5170:
3815:
2620:
850:) was a Norwegian, and skaldic poetry is thought to have originated in either Norway or the Scandinavian Baltic.
155:, and increasingly were Icelanders. The subject matter of their extended poems was sometimes mythical before the
2579:
1173:
1039:
965:
metre and almost no kennings, and was much imitated. Christian skaldic poetry died out in
Iceland only with the
954:
861:
some of whose members ruled all or part of Norway as heathens in alternation with the
Christian converters King
415:
411:
383:
6507:
5969:
5521:
5491:
5486:
5206:
4818:
3683:
2684:
212:
196:(which internal rhymes show to have had a short vowel until the 14th century) is perhaps ultimately related to
6054:
5336:
4213:
3795:
3768:
3763:
3703:
3678:
2877:
1194:
1188:
1056:
1022:
1003:
900:
792:
769:
733:
635:
556:
437:
2584:
6487:
6320:
6189:
6164:
6134:
5864:
5839:
5814:
5591:
5441:
5396:
5356:
4595:
2615:
2507:
2015:
1157:
1116:
1094:
1028:
926:
882:
824:
776:
582:
568:
432:
387:
257:
197:
993:
to the late 13th century and includes some poets from whom no verses are preserved. Notable names include:
133:
More than 5,500 skaldic verses have survived, preserved in more than 700 manuscripts, including in several
6360:
6270:
6159:
5576:
5381:
5371:
5266:
5241:
5101:
3465:
3383:
2574:
1732:
1200:
966:
347:("court metre"), which requires internal rhyme as well as alliteration, rather than the simpler and older
41:
31:
4418:
4350:
4340:
1138:
378:
skaldic poetry, the reverse. Skalds also composed spontaneous verses reacting to events, insult verses (
6315:
6214:
5999:
5894:
5819:
5201:
5160:
5121:
5023:
4741:
4445:
2467:
2391:
2024:
Vorbemerkungen, Die heidnische Zeit, Die Zeit nach der
Bekehrung bis zur Mitte des zwölften Jahrhunderts
1533:
1434:
969:
of the 16th century, although that produced after 1400 is rarely studied as part of the skaldic corpus.
6400:
6074:
5879:
5794:
5744:
5053:
3907:
3698:
95:, meaning "poet") is one of the often named poets who composed skaldic poetry, one of the two kinds of
6425:
6365:
6340:
6204:
6099:
6079:
5854:
5703:
5601:
5561:
5556:
5536:
5501:
5436:
5346:
5326:
5311:
5271:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5116:
5028:
4655:
4012:
2789:
2538:
2528:
2477:
1297:
915:
on Olaf
Tryggvason, composed 150 years after his death. Skalds experimented with new metres, notably
572:
370:
4903:
2487:
1251:, published in 7 volumes in Oslo in 1960–64 (analysis in Norwegian). In the early 21st century, the
6380:
6370:
6265:
6184:
5974:
5949:
5804:
5531:
5481:
5461:
5401:
5361:
5351:
5286:
5138:
5038:
4995:
3820:
3554:
3413:
2907:
2543:
2472:
1578:
1229:
1100:
1060:
804:
221:
206:
5749:
4508:
3708:
3325:
3310:
355:
6355:
6350:
6295:
5914:
5859:
5636:
5541:
5466:
5456:
5386:
5341:
5316:
5306:
5276:
5236:
5216:
4898:
4878:
4228:
3250:
2662:
2443:
2346:
2203:
2195:
1103:, 10th–11th century, nicknamed "Wormtongue" on account of his propensity for satire and invective
334:
100:
91:
6044:
4355:
4278:
4243:
4238:
3320:
3150:
2759:
2714:
2137:
1167:
1129:
1120:
908:
690:
624:
113:). They are characteristically more ornate in form and diction than eddic poems, employing many
983:
More than 300 skalds are known from the period between 800 and 1200 AD. Many are listed in the
6440:
6375:
6335:
6325:
6300:
6209:
6194:
6109:
6034:
5979:
5904:
5834:
5799:
5789:
5676:
5546:
5516:
5511:
5476:
5446:
5426:
5421:
5411:
5331:
5211:
5165:
5111:
5033:
4938:
4715:
4705:
4564:
4528:
4178:
3917:
3200:
2512:
2462:
2457:
2342:
2308:
2145:
2077:
2027:
1740:
1712:
1706:
1658:
1617:
1502:
1442:
1219:
1133:
1110:
1086:
899:
Icelandic skalds came to dominate at
Norwegian courts; the last prominent Norwegian skald was
866:
765:
729:
703:
620:
177:
45:
3956:
3825:
2377:
Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentriolanis: ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog
1501:. Princeton: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, Princeton University Press. pp. 1–2.
6405:
6330:
6310:
6290:
6224:
6169:
6154:
6139:
6084:
5924:
5909:
5869:
5754:
5451:
5431:
5416:
5406:
5321:
5301:
5291:
5281:
5221:
5086:
5018:
4734:
4435:
4148:
3693:
3648:
3408:
3265:
3090:
2847:
2689:
2406:
2187:
1494:
1125:
941:
892:
683:
610:
606:
164:
138:
96:
4283:
3805:
888:
760:
593:
343:
123:
6415:
6174:
6089:
6049:
6029:
6014:
5994:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5899:
5723:
5691:
5586:
5376:
5296:
5231:
5226:
5196:
4863:
4811:
4645:
3853:
3601:
2666:
1585:. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, The Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 45–46.
1161:
1151:
1142:
1074:
1069:
1007:
934:
862:
639:
552:
442:
227:
49:
6229:
6149:
4569:
4198:
4133:
3976:
3860:
3330:
3280:
3270:
3195:
1311:
1080:
1044:
854:
841:
748:
679:
650:
535:
361:
349:
6456:
6244:
6069:
6039:
5656:
5070:
4559:
4554:
4423:
4306:
4301:
4258:
4188:
4183:
4103:
3992:
3966:
3951:
3790:
3443:
3305:
3140:
2829:
2553:
2502:
2395:
1942:
1920:
1327:
frequently themes songs around historic battles and wars, analogous to old skald poems.
1324:
997:
990:
978:
836:
724:
674:
655:
598:
531:
527:
148:
127:
2972:
6481:
6410:
5824:
5713:
4868:
4853:
4806:
4523:
4503:
4488:
4430:
4378:
4263:
4253:
4223:
4193:
4158:
4128:
4093:
3961:
3900:
3875:
3800:
3778:
3688:
3636:
3549:
3170:
3010:
2962:
2365:
1946:
1657:. Companions to Medieval Studies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 127.
828:
797:
753:
431:
Compositions done without preparation were especially valued, to judge by the sagas.
397:
326:
277:
130:
is a type of skaldic verse form that most often use internal rhyme and alliteration.
3160:
3105:
2744:
2207:
1176:, mid-14th century, monk who adapted skaldic tradition to high medieval Christianity
739:
To these could be added two poems relating the death of a king and his reception in
6144:
6009:
5829:
5686:
5000:
4990:
4883:
4345:
3673:
2631:
2331:
https://www.medievalists.net/2014/03/kings-men-icelandic-skalds-scandinavian-court/
2133:
1463:
1268:
1244:
775:
Some extended works were composed as circumstance pieces, such as the following by
423:
104:
54:
4248:
4208:
4088:
4073:
3713:
3594:
3428:
3418:
3190:
3115:
3042:
2824:
2764:
2355:
985:
858:
662:
630:
547:
470:
109:
1880:
6199:
6129:
6024:
5984:
5718:
5681:
5666:
5526:
4857:
4791:
4776:
4574:
4513:
4483:
4393:
4360:
4233:
4203:
4163:
4143:
4123:
4098:
4027:
4017:
3922:
3559:
3245:
3155:
3120:
3110:
3075:
2548:
2317:
1605:
1320:
878:
709:
406:
264:), means "to scold, blame, accuse, insult". The person doing the insulting is a
2327:
989:, a list of court skalds by the ruler they served that runs from the legendary
518:
5774:
5739:
4933:
4928:
4843:
4680:
4400:
4296:
4288:
4168:
4113:
4068:
4063:
4048:
3865:
3564:
3205:
3130:
3125:
3080:
1945:(1981). "Poetry as an instrument of propaganda. Jarl Hákon and his poets". In
1388:
1383:
1288:
1033:
946:
784:
468:
A large number of the preserved skaldic verses are individual stanzas, called
163:, detailing the deeds of the skald's patron. The tradition continued into the
152:
143:
3785:
3300:
2749:
1621:
1506:
1234:
937:; in the 12th century it was the dominant metre of religious skaldic poetry.
474:("loose verses"), often said to have been improvised. Long forms include the
17:
6219:
6094:
6064:
5849:
5631:
4963:
4953:
4873:
4828:
4796:
4635:
4440:
4408:
4318:
4273:
4173:
4022:
4007:
3748:
3611:
3230:
3180:
3175:
3095:
2533:
2175:
1368:
1272:
835:
in the metre. Since the first example of skaldic poetry of which we know is
832:
71:
4640:
4313:
4002:
3895:
3403:
3393:
3363:
3340:
2912:
2799:
2693:
2031:
392:
310:, reflecting the importance of mocking taunts in the poetry of the skalds.
2262:
2144:. Kröners Taschenausgabe 490 (in German). Stuttgart: Kröner. p. 317.
6004:
5964:
5696:
5671:
5143:
5065:
4985:
4923:
4918:
4848:
4838:
4833:
4781:
4685:
4670:
4620:
4605:
4498:
4268:
4153:
4118:
4083:
3997:
3912:
3870:
3773:
3743:
3723:
3643:
3378:
3315:
3295:
3290:
3215:
3210:
3145:
3027:
2947:
2942:
2887:
2872:
2784:
2754:
2739:
2729:
2305:
Eddic, Skaldic, and Beyond: Poetic
Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway
2072:
Sverrir Tómasson (2006). "Old
Icelandic Prose". In Daisy Neijmann (ed.).
1763:. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (1975) ISBN 0-8032-0855-3, p. 107
1353:
1292:
917:
870:
740:
563:
160:
82:
76:
1409:
877:
as an aristocratic, educated form of heathenism influenced by
Christian
6019:
5944:
5919:
5889:
5884:
5769:
5096:
5058:
4948:
4913:
4801:
4771:
4757:
4630:
4478:
4218:
4138:
4108:
4053:
3971:
3848:
3728:
3718:
3584:
3579:
3398:
3368:
3070:
3065:
3022:
2882:
2839:
2819:
2774:
2734:
2706:
1358:
1307:
714:
481:
114:
2379:, 2nd ed. Copenhagen: Det kongelige nordiske oldskriftselskab, 1913–16
2199:
306:
296:
6234:
5954:
5764:
5661:
5641:
5133:
5126:
5106:
4908:
4078:
4043:
3753:
3663:
3653:
3606:
3448:
3388:
3100:
3037:
3000:
2952:
2867:
2412:
1951:
Speculum Norroenum: Norse Studies in Memory of Gabriel Turville-Petre
1559:. University of Texas Press (Austin), 1962. ISBN 0-292-73061-6, p. xv
1378:
1317:
1304:
1285:
1265:
180:
and published in 1908–1915. A new edition was prepared online by the
4786:
4474:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
3589:
3433:
3235:
2982:
2977:
2917:
2809:
2248:
2022:. Grundriß der germanischen Philologie 15 (in German). Vol. 1:
1499:
The Skalds: A Selection of Their Poems, With Introductions and Notes
271:
265:
247:
2191:
246:, 'ring, clang, resound'. The Old High German variant stem
6114:
6104:
6059:
4980:
4823:
4665:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4533:
4058:
3885:
3830:
3738:
3733:
3668:
3616:
3569:
3453:
3438:
3335:
3285:
3275:
3255:
3240:
3225:
3220:
3185:
3135:
3085:
3032:
3015:
3005:
2992:
2937:
2922:
2862:
2857:
2779:
2724:
2719:
1759:
Hallberg, Peter. Translated by Paul Schach and Sonja Lindgrenson.
1612:(Nordiska texter och undersökningar 23) (in Swedish). Vol. 2
1363:
1338:
887:
847:
517:
317:
237:
118:
36:
2382:
2369:
121:, which are formal nouns used in place of more prosaic synonyms.
6239:
5809:
5646:
4888:
4600:
4579:
4413:
4386:
3843:
3838:
3574:
3423:
3345:
3260:
2902:
2892:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2769:
2176:"Never in Public: Women and Performance in Old Norse Literature"
1528:
1348:
1282:
Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages released in 2007.
874:
695:
457:
453:
333:
Skaldic poetry and Eddic poetry stem from the same tradition of
289:
283:
281:
134:
4730:
2635:
2416:
1128:, first half of the 11th century, a skald at the court of King
3621:
2932:
2852:
2360:
photographic reprints, Copenhagen: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1967
831:) and because there are 10th-century magical inscriptions on
30:
This article is about early Norse poets. For other uses, see
44:, in chains, composing poetry after he was captured by King
1610:
Norrön niddiktning: traditionshistoriska studier i versmagi
4726:
1739:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Oxford University. p. 39.
1279:), which debuted in 1965, takes its name form the skalds.
645:
A few surviving skaldic poems have mythological content:
480:, a praise poem consisting of a series of stanzas with a
421:
A large amount of Eddic poetry has been preserved in the
682:
describing mythological scenes depicted on the walls of
522:
Illustration from the 18th-century Icelandic manuscript
3524:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
2320:
117:, which require some knowledge of Norse mythology, and
2229:
Turville-Petre, "Select Bibliography", pp. lxxix–lxxx.
1218:
The first comprehensive edition of skaldic poetry, by
404:, and occasionally love poems and erotic verse called
2026:(2nd ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 228–29.
1653:
Angus A. Somerville; Russell Andrew McDonald (2013).
1344:
Old Norse Women's Poetry: The Voices of Female Skalds
1109:, first half of the 11th century, court poet to King
241:
231:
2381:
at Septentrionalia.net. Also in partial form at the
717:, presented as ancestors of the Norwegian kings, by
6449:
6258:
5732:
5620:
5184:
5079:
5009:
4971:
4764:
4698:
4588:
4547:
4466:
4459:
4369:
4331:
4036:
3985:
3944:
3935:
3542:
3464:
3354:
3056:
2991:
2838:
2705:
2682:
2608:
2562:
2521:
2495:
2450:
1953:. Odense: Odense University Press. pp. 440–58.
885:, are the subject of their own biographical sagas.
713:‒ on the mythological and legendary history of the
170:The standard edition of the skaldic poetic corpus,
159:to Christianity, thereafter usually historical and
1119:, first half of the 11th century, a court poet to
337:, and in Old Norse as well as Icelandic, the word
2409:: Skaldic poems with literal English translations
1616:. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. p. 60.
1243:, published in 2 volumes in Lund in 1946–50, and
1031:, first half of the 10th century, protagonist of
1614:Nid mot missionärer, Senmedeltida nidtraditioner
428:considering skaldic verse as a distinct genre.
2570:Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
2267:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
2245:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
1469:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
1253:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
1249:Edda- og Skaldekvad: forarbeider til kommentar
182:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
4742:
2647:
2428:
2374:Sveinbjörn Egilsson and Finnur Jónsson, eds.
2318:https://www.britannica.com/art/skaldic-poetry
1711:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 551–.
907:were produced on historical figures, such as
686:'s feast hall in Iceland, partially preserved
8:
2328:https://www.asncvikingage.com/skaldic-poetry
2241:"Skaldic Project - Cross-Platform Interface"
2001:
1999:
1801:The Structure of Old Norse Dróttkvætt Poetry
4376:
2676:Mythological Norse people, items and places
2366:Index of Old Norse/Icelandic Skaldic Poetry
4749:
4735:
4727:
4463:
3941:
2702:
2654:
2640:
2632:
2435:
2421:
2413:
1881:"Egil Skallagrimsson and the Viking Ideal"
1803:, pp. 8–11, 250–51, cited in Clunies Ross.
1441:. Cambridge: Brewer. p. 13, note 12.
1301:, which included a track by the same name.
961:was particularly influential: it uses the
3474:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1989:
1987:
1439:A History of Old Norse Poetry and Poetics
530:, the subject of early skaldic verses by
1874:
1872:
1068:, late 10th century, court poet of King
895:, illustration by Christian Krohg (1899)
1401:
1150:, mid-11th century, court poet to King
1141:, mid-11th century, court poet to King
184:project and began publication in 2007.
1931:. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 209–83.
1879:Christina von Nolcken (October 2000).
1160:, mid-11th century, court poet to the
441:in one night to ransom his head. King
81:
75:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
823:existence of skaldic curses (such as
638:describing life and martial deeds of
294:, which is related to Modern English
90:
7:
5612:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
1708:The Cambridge History of Scandinavia
1527:Hallvard Magerøy (August 15, 2020).
1241:Den norsk-isländska Skaldedigtningen
788:‒ a lament on the deaths of his sons
5567:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
3534:named weapons, armour and treasures
2358:Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
2348:Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
2321:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/Mansöngr
2142:Lexikon der altnordischen Literatur
1225:Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
1042:, mid-10th century, protagonist of
808:‒ in praise of his friend Arinbjörn
698:, two partially preserved poems by
623:, Saint Olaf, a Christian drápa by
386:'s curse on his former patron Jarl
173:Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning
6431:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
6396:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
6391:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
5760:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
4711:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1314:borrowed its name from the skalds.
1006:, 9th century, court poet of King
418:are known for their love poetry.
252:, etymologically identical to the
25:
2307:(Fordham University Press, 2014)
2074:A History of Icelandic Literature
1583:A History of Icelandic Literature
1295:released in 2018 an album titled
857:, a dynasty based in what is now
435:is supposed to have composed his
304:is probably cognate with English
4962:
3374:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
2486:
2180:The Journal of American Folklore
2020:Altnordische Literaturgeschichte
1812:Turville-Petre, pp. xxvi–xxviii.
1197:, first half of the 10th century
1059:, 10th century, a skald of King
323:A minstrel sings of famous deeds
280:counterpart of the skald is the
1462:Kari Ellen Gade (26 May 2009).
921:, which uses longer lines than
800:, his enemy, to ransom his head
445:is said to have set his skald,
211:'sound, voice, shout' (
5582:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
3811:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
2239:Tarrin Wills (July 27, 2017).
1:
6467:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
6421:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
5597:Siege of Constantinople (860)
2303:Margaret Clunies Ross (2007)
2164:Clunies Ross, p. 60, note 15.
1839:Turville-Petre, pp. xxi–xxiv.
933:(c. 1045} is about King
396:that provoked the missionary
6386:Småland Runic Inscription 48
6286:Danish Runic Inscription 380
6281:Danish Runic Inscription 154
2590:Icelandic Language Institute
2174:Zoe Borovsky (Winter 1999).
1929:Mittelhochdeutsche Literatur
1075:Einarr Helgason "skálaglamm"
1000:"the Old", early 9th century
6276:Danish Runic Inscription 66
5780:Birka female Viking warrior
5472:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
3881:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1686:Turville-Petre, pp. 100–01.
1164:and several Norwegian kings
6529:
6306:Gunnar's bridge runestones
5652:Viking Age arms and armour
5507:Battle of Strangford Lough
5247:Battle of Brentford (1016)
4548:Festivals and holy periods
2595:Icelandic Naming Committee
2580:Icelandic Language Council
1927:(in German). Vol. 1:
1374:Dziady (wandering beggars)
976:
353:("way of ancient words"),
282:
29:
6462:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
6436:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
6125:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
5960:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
5497:Battle of Stamford Bridge
4960:
3816:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
3529:named animals and plants
2673:
2621:List of Icelandic writers
2484:
2062:Clunies Ross, pp. 128–29.
2005:Einarsson, pp. pp. 56–57.
1910:Turville-Petre, p. lxxiv.
1655:The Vikings and Their Age
526:of Thor's fight with the
5970:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
5875:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
5709:Raid Warfare and Tactics
5552:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
5522:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
5492:Battle of Stamford (918)
5487:Battle of Stamford (894)
5392:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
5207:Battle of Anglesey Sound
3637:Black elves (Svartálfar)
2362:, at Septentrionalia.net
2287:Clunies Ross, pp. 16–17.
2220:Clunies Ross, pp. 15–16.
2123:Clunies-Ross, pp. 30–31.
1848:Hollander, pp. 4, 25–26.
1643:Clunies Ross, pp. 13–16.
1154:and King Harald Hardrada
873:complex and the cult of
728:‒ a similar work on the
488:) at intervals, and the
6190:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
6135:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
5865:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
5592:Siege of Chartres (911)
5442:Battle of Reading (871)
5397:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
5387:Battle of London Bridge
5357:Battle of Hingston Down
4519:Sacred trees and groves
3759:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
3632:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
2616:Icelandic Sign Language
2585:Icelandic Language Fund
2397:Corpus poeticum boreale
1883:. University of Chicago
1733:E. O. G. Turville-Petre
1207:Steinvör Sighvatsdóttir
1066:Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld
764:‒ on the death of King
752:‒ on the death of King
290:
272:
266:
261:
248:
242:
236:, 'song of praise,
232:
216:
201:
52:for an 1899 edition of
6346:Norra Härene Runestone
6271:Baltic area runestones
5785:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
5572:Raids in the Rhineland
5382:Battle of Leuven (891)
5372:Battle of Islandbridge
5367:Battle of Hjörungavágr
5267:Battle of Cathair Cuan
4377:
3627:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
3276:Narfi (father of Nott)
2575:Icelandic Language Day
2522:History and literature
1981:Turville-Petre, p. 42.
1949:; et al. (eds.).
1695:Hollander, pp. 189–91.
967:Protestant Reformation
896:
538:
504:‘verses, stanzas’, or
498:, without a refrain),
330:
59:
6503:Scandinavian folklore
6316:Hakon Jarl runestones
6215:Tryggvi the Pretender
6120:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
6055:Ohthere of Hålogaland
6000:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
5820:Eohric of East Anglia
5719:Svinfylking Formation
5527:Battle of Tarbat Ness
5337:Battle of Fýrisvellir
5202:First Battle of Alton
3769:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
3048:Sister-wife of Njörðr
2351:, at heimskringla.no.
2251:on December 17, 2019.
2140:(1987). "Skáldatal".
2105:Einarsson, pp. 73–76.
2096:Einarsson, pp. 66–67.
1857:Clunies Ross, p. 105.
1830:Einarsson, pp. 44–45.
1821:Hollander, pp. 58–50.
1781:Hollander, pp. 26–27.
1534:Store norske leksikon
1435:Margaret Clunies Ross
1023:Eyvindr skáldaspillir
901:Eyvindr skáldaspillir
891:
770:Eyvindr skáldaspillir
756:, by an unknown skald
734:Eyvindr skáldaspillir
670:, partially preserved
613:(partially preserved)
589:, partially preserved
575:, partially preserved
559:, partially preserved
521:
402:Vetrliði Sumarliðason
321:
40:
6498:Old Norse literature
6493:Icelandic literature
6426:Varangian runestones
6341:Lingsberg Runestones
6321:Hällestad Runestones
6205:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
6165:Styrbjörn the Strong
6100:Rognvald Eysteinsson
6080:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
5845:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
5815:Egill Skallagrímsson
5562:Burning of Luimneach
5537:Battle of Tettenhall
5502:Battle of Stiklestad
5437:Battle of Rastarkalv
5347:Battle of Hafrsfjord
5312:Battle of Englefield
5272:Battle of Chippenham
5262:Battle of Buttington
5257:Battle of Brunanburh
5252:Battle of Brissarthe
4539:Wetlands and islands
3659:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
2563:Promotion and purism
2383:Jörmungrund database
2370:Jörmungrund database
2354:Finnur Jónsson, ed.
1761:Old Icelandic Poetry
1568:Clunies Ross, p. 22.
1093:. 1000, one of Jarl
1029:Egill Skallagrímsson
883:Egill Skallagrímsson
825:Egill Skallagrímsson
777:Egill Skallagrímsson
619:‒ the deeds of King
597:‒ the deeds of King
581:‒ the deeds of Jarl
567:‒ the deeds of Jarl
551:‒ the deeds of King
433:Egill Skallagrímsson
6513:Medieval performers
6371:Sigtrygg Runestones
6361:Runestones of Högby
6266:Ballstorp Runestone
6250:Unn the Deep-Minded
6185:Thorfinn the Mighty
6180:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
6160:Steinunn Refsdóttir
5950:Hemming Halfdansson
5805:Bjorn the Easterner
5532:Battle of Tempsford
5482:Battle of Stainmore
5462:Battle of Rochester
5402:Battle of Mag Femen
5362:Battle of the Holme
5287:Battle of Corbridge
5242:Battle of Brávellir
5192:Tactics and warfare
4996:Viking ship replica
3821:Narfi (son of Loki)
2968:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
2263:"Published volumes"
2114:Clunies Ross, p. 5.
1972:Hollander, pp. 6–7.
1705:Knut Helle (2003).
1203:, late 10th century
1201:Steinunn Refsdóttir
1174:Eysteinn Ásgrímsson
1101:Gunnlaugr Ormstunga
1083:, late 10th century
1077:, late 10th century
1061:Eric the Victorious
1053:, late 10th century
1040:Kormákr Ögmundarson
955:Eysteinn Ásgrímsson
694:‒ deeds of the god
666:‒ a shield poem by
654:, a shield poem by
416:Kormákr Ögmundarson
412:Hallfreðr Óttarsson
384:Þorleifr jarlsskáld
359:("song form"), and
42:Bersi Skáldtorfuson
6401:Sparlösa Runestone
6356:Runestones at Aspa
6351:Orkesta Runestones
6296:England runestones
5915:Halfdan Ragnarsson
5895:Hakon Rognvaldsson
5880:Gunnar Hámundarson
5860:Godfrid Haraldsson
5795:Bjarni Herjólfsson
5745:Amlaíb Cenncairech
5733:Historical figures
5637:Great Heathen Army
5625:and fortifications
5542:Battle of Thetford
5467:Battle of Sasireti
5457:Battle of Ringmere
5342:Battle of Glenmama
5317:Battle of Epiphany
5307:Battle of Edington
5277:Battle of Clontarf
5237:Battle of Benfleet
5217:Battle of Assandun
5054:L'Anse aux Meadows
4879:Old Norse religion
4467:Religious practice
4441:Old Norse language
3908:Váli (son of Loki)
3796:Líf and Lífthrasir
3704:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3699:Horses of the Æsir
3679:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2820:Váli (son of Odin)
2663:Old Norse religion
2444:Icelandic language
2388:Gudbrand Vigfusson
1963:Hollander, p. 197.
1555:Hollander, Lee M.
1260:In popular culture
1189:Hildr Hrólfsdóttir
1148:Þjóðólfr Arnórsson
1057:Þórvaldr Hjaltason
1051:Eilífr Goðrúnarson
1013:Þjóðólfr of Hvinir
1004:Þorbjörn Hornklofi
897:
719:Þjóðólfr of Hvinir
700:Eilífr Goðrúnarson
668:Þjóðólfr of Hvinir
636:Þorbjörn Hornklofi
557:Þorbjörn Hornklofi
539:
447:Þjóðólfr Arnórsson
335:alliterative verse
331:
226:'sound').
103:, the other being
101:alliterative verse
60:
6475:
6474:
6441:Viking runestones
6376:Simris Runestones
6366:Sædinge Runestone
6336:Karlevi Runestone
6326:Ingvar runestones
6301:Greece runestones
6210:Thorstein the Red
6195:Thorkell the Tall
6075:Ragnar Ragnarsson
5980:Ivar the Boneless
5905:Haakon Sigurdsson
5855:Garðar Svavarsson
5840:Eiríkr Hákonarson
5835:Eric I of Denmark
5790:Bjorn Asbrandsson
5677:Gjermundbu helmet
5547:Battle of Thimeon
5517:Battle of Sulcoit
5512:Battle of Svolder
5477:Battle of Skyhill
5447:Battle of Renfrew
5427:Battle of Norditi
5412:Battle of Meretun
5332:Battle of Fulford
5327:Battle of Florvåg
5212:Battle of Ashdown
4939:Viking runestones
4724:
4723:
4716:Nordic Bronze Age
4706:Germanic paganism
4694:
4693:
4565:Germanic calendar
4529:Temple at Uppsala
4327:
4326:
3931:
3930:
3891:Þjálfi and Röskva
3835:Personifications
2698:and other figures
2629:
2628:
2600:Linguistic purism
2044:Einarsson, p. 67.
1866:Einarsson, p. 44.
1772:Einarsson, p. 46.
1718:978-0-521-47299-9
1677:Hollander, p. 67.
1634:Einarsson, p. 60.
1595:Einarsson, p. 61.
1158:Arnórr jarlaskáld
1117:Þórarinn loftunga
1107:Sigvatr Þórðarson
1095:Hákon Sigurðarson
1087:Tindr Hallkelsson
927:Arnórr jarlaskáld
704:Eysteinn Valdason
603:Sigvatr Þórðarson
601:, three poems by
587:Eyjólfr dáðaskáld
583:Eiríkr Hákonarson
573:Einarr skálaglamm
569:Hákon Sigurðarson
388:Hákon Sigurðarson
225:
210:
92:[ˈskault]
83:[ˈskɒːld]
48:(illustration by
16:(Redirected from
6520:
6406:Stangeland stone
6381:Sjörup Runestone
6331:Italy runestones
6311:Hagby Runestones
6291:Egtved Runestone
6225:Valtoke Gormsson
6170:Sweyn Asleifsson
6155:Snorri Sturluson
6140:Sigurd the Stout
6085:Ragnall ua Imair
5975:Ingólfr Arnarson
5925:Harald Bluetooth
5910:Halfdan Long-Leg
5452:Battle of Remich
5432:Battle of Pinhoe
5417:Battle of Nesjar
5407:Battle of Maldon
5352:Battle of Helgeå
5322:Battle of Fitjar
5302:Battle of Dollar
5292:Battle of Cynwit
5282:Battle of Confey
5222:Battle of Basing
5087:Viking expansion
5019:North Sea Empire
4966:
4944:Viking Age trade
4819:Germanic deities
4751:
4744:
4737:
4728:
4464:
4382:
4149:Grove of fetters
3942:
3649:Fjalar (rooster)
3409:Fjalar and Galar
2703:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2633:
2503:Patronymic names
2490:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2407:Internet Archive
2288:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2247:. Archived from
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1994:
1991:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1925:Kleine Schriften
1917:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1901:Hollander, p. 6.
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1876:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1579:Stefán Einarsson
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1529:"Skaldediktning"
1524:
1511:
1510:
1495:Lee M. Hollander
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1406:
1238:
1139:Valgarðr á Velli
942:Snorri Sturluson
893:Snorri Sturluson
805:Arinbjarnarkviða
684:Olaf the Peacock
293:
287:
286:
275:
269:
251:
245:
235:
220:
205:
176:, was edited by
165:Late Middle Ages
139:Snorri Sturluson
97:Old Norse poetry
94:
89:
85:
79:
77:[ˈskald]
46:Óláfr Haraldsson
21:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6508:Norse mythology
6478:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6445:
6416:Runestone U 582
6254:
6175:Sweyn Forkbeard
6090:Raud the Strong
6050:Orm Storolfsson
6045:Olof Skötkonung
6035:Olav Haraldsson
6030:Olaf Tryggvason
6015:Magnus Barefoot
5995:Ketill Flatnose
5940:Harald Wartooth
5935:Harald Hardrada
5930:Harald Fairhair
5900:Haakon the Good
5728:
5724:Varangian Guard
5624:
5616:
5587:Siege of Asselt
5577:Raid on Seville
5377:Battle of Largs
5297:Battle of Derby
5232:Battle of Bauds
5227:Battle of Barry
5197:Battle of Aclea
5180:
5075:
5011:
5005:
4973:
4967:
4958:
4864:Norse mythology
4812:Younger Futhark
4760:
4755:
4725:
4720:
4690:
4646:Norse cosmology
4584:
4543:
4455:
4451:Later influence
4365:
4323:
4037:Other locations
4032:
3981:
3927:
3854:Sumarr and Vetr
3538:
3460:
3350:
3151:Gjálp and Greip
3052:
2987:
2834:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2630:
2625:
2604:
2558:
2517:
2513:List of exonyms
2491:
2482:
2446:
2441:
2339:
2300:
2298:Further reading
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2138:Hermann Pálsson
2132:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1557:The Poetic Edda
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1514:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1334:
1262:
1232:
1216:
1195:Jórunn skáldmær
1168:Einarr Skúlason
1162:Jarls of Orkney
1152:Magnus the Good
1143:Harald Hardrada
1134:Olaf Haraldsson
1130:Olof Skötkonung
1121:Sveinn Knútsson
1111:Olaf Haraldsson
1070:Olaf Tryggvason
1008:Harald Fairhair
981:
975:
935:Magnus the Good
909:Einarr Skúlason
867:Olaf Haraldsson
863:Olaf Tryggvason
815:
796:‒ in praise of
640:Harald Fairhair
625:Einarr Skúlason
621:Olaf Haraldsson
553:Harald Fairhair
516:
466:
443:Harald Hardrada
414:and especially
316:
228:Old High German
213:Old High German
190:
87:
50:Christian Krohg
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6526:
6524:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6488:Skaldic poetry
6480:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6457:Viking revival
6453:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6070:Ragnar Lodbrok
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6040:Olaf the White
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5800:Björn Ironside
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5628:
5626:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5607:Siege of Paris
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Battle of York
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5422:Battle of Niså
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5034:Orkney Islands
5031:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4974:and navigation
4969:
4968:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4731:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4397:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4341:Æsir–Vanir War
4337:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4179:Hoddmímis holt
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4013:Körmt and Örmt
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3444:Sons of Ivaldi
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2790:Móði and Magni
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2609:Related topics
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2554:Skaldic poetry
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2394:, ed. and tr.
2392:F. York Powell
2385:
2372:
2363:
2352:
2343:Finnur Jónsson
2338:
2337:External links
2335:
2334:
2333:
2315:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2269:. 19 July 2017
2254:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2192:10.2307/541400
2166:
2157:
2150:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2082:
2064:
2055:
2053:Ólason, p. 44.
2046:
2037:
2007:
1995:
1993:Ólason, p. 28.
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1934:
1921:Helmut de Boor
1912:
1903:
1894:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1752:
1745:
1737:Scaldic Poetry
1724:
1717:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1663:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1597:
1588:
1570:
1561:
1548:
1537:(in Norwegian)
1512:
1486:
1454:
1447:
1426:
1414:etymonline.com
1400:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1315:
1302:
1283:
1280:
1261:
1258:
1220:Finnur Jónsson
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:, 13th century
1204:
1198:
1192:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1170:, 12th century
1165:
1155:
1145:
1136:
1123:
1114:
1104:
1098:
1097:'s court poets
1084:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1037:
1026:
1025:, 10th century
1020:
1010:
1001:
998:Bragi Boddason
991:Ragnar Lodbrok
979:List of skalds
977:Main article:
974:
973:Notable skalds
971:
837:Bragi Boddason
814:
811:
810:
809:
801:
789:
773:
772:
766:Hákon the Good
757:
737:
736:
730:Hlaðir dynasty
721:
706:
687:
671:
659:
656:Bragi Boddason
643:
642:
627:
614:
599:Cnut the Great
590:
576:
560:
532:Bragi Boddason
515:
512:
465:
462:
329:, c. 1910
315:
314:Skaldic poetry
312:
258:Proto-Germanic
198:Proto-Germanic
189:
186:
178:Finnur Jónsson
149:Bragi Boddason
27:Old Norse poet
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6525:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6448:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6411:Stone of Eric
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5870:Grímur Kamban
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5825:Eric Bloodaxe
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5755:Amlaíb Conung
5753:
5751:
5750:Amlaíb Cuarán
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5714:Shield-maiden
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5704:Ring Fortress
5702:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5602:Sack of Paris
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5092:British Isles
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5049:North America
5047:
5045:
5044:Faroe Islands
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5008:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4970:
4965:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4869:Norse rituals
4867:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4854:Norse funeral
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4807:Elder Futhark
4805:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4752:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:Öndvegissúlur
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:Heitstrenging
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Völsung Cycle
4434:
4432:
4431:Tyrfing Cycle
4429:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:Gesta Danorum
4375:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Fróði's Peace
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Shield-maiden
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:Ask and Embla
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Ingunar-Freyr
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Old Icelandic
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:9780823257836
2310:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2284:
2281:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:(443): 6–39.
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2083:9780803233461
2079:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:Ursula Dronke
1944:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1746:9780198125174
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1664:9781442605220
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1448:9781843842798
1444:
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798:Eric Bloodaxe
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18:Skaldic verse
6230:Vagn Åkesson
6150:Skalla-Grímr
6145:Sitric Caech
6010:Leif Erikson
5990:Ketilsdóttir
5830:Erik the Red
5622:Arms, armour
5012:and colonies
5001:Visby lenses
4991:Viking ships
4893:
4884:Raven banner
4675:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4356:Hjaðningavíg
4134:Glæsisvellir
3674:Gullinbursti
3321:Útgarða-Loki
2715:Almáttki áss
2508:Street names
2401:Court Poetry
2400:
2399:. Volume 2:
2396:
2376:
2357:
2347:
2304:
2293:
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2266:
2257:
2249:the original
2244:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2160:
2141:
2134:Rudolf Simek
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2073:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2023:
2019:
2016:Jan de Vries
2010:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1862:
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1600:
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1573:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1532:
1498:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:
1467:
1464:"Dróttkvætt"
1457:
1438:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1296:
1276:
1248:
1245:Magnus Olsen
1240:
1223:
1217:
1181:
1179:
1113:(Saint Olaf)
1090:
1081:Úlfr Uggason
1045:Kormáks saga
1043:
1032:
1016:
984:
982:
962:
958:
952:
945:
939:
930:
922:
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855:Hlaðir jarls
852:
842:Ragnarsdrápa
840:
819:
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803:
791:
783:
774:
759:
747:
738:
723:
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689:
680:Úlfr Uggason
673:
661:
651:Ragnarsdrápa
649:
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629:
616:
592:
578:
562:
546:
540:
536:Úlfr Uggason
506:
505:
500:
499:
495:
494:(similar to
490:
489:
485:
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451:
436:
430:
424:Codex Regius
422:
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350:fornyrðislag
348:
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332:
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305:
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295:
253:
193:
191:
171:
169:
142:
132:
122:
108:
105:Eddic poetry
67:
63:
61:
55:Heimskringla
53:
6200:Thorir Hund
6130:Sigurd Ring
5985:Jomsvikings
5682:Yarm helmet
5117:Isle of Man
5071:Kievan Rus'
4904:Skíðblaðnir
4858:ship burial
4777:Brisingamen
4514:Reginnaglar
4446:Orthography
4419:Jómsvíkinga
4394:Poetic Edda
4307:Urðarbrunnr
4302:Mímisbrunnr
4234:Singasteinn
4164:Hindarfjall
4144:Gnipahellir
4124:Ginnungagap
4099:Fyrisvellir
4094:Fornsigtuna
4028:Vimur River
4018:Slidr River
3791:Jörmungandr
3201:Hrímgrímnir
2830:Vili and Vé
2549:Poetic Edda
2468:Orthography
1943:Folke Ström
1606:Bo Almqvist
1321:power metal
1275:(literally
1233: [
879:eschatology
827:'s on King
725:Háleygjatal
710:Ynglingatal
300:, the word
240:', and
161:encomiastic
6482:Categories
6259:Runestones
5775:Berle-Kari
5740:Airdeconut
4934:Viking art
4929:Viking Age
4681:Viking Age
4656:Philosophy
4524:Sonargöltr
4409:Runestones
4401:Prose Edda
4346:Fimbulvetr
4297:Hvergelmir
4264:Valaskjálf
4224:Sessrúmnir
4194:Jötunheimr
4169:Hlidskjalf
4159:Himinbjörg
4129:Glaðsheimr
4114:Gastropnir
4069:Bilskirnir
4049:Amsvartnir
3962:Gjallarbrú
3945:Underworld
3901:Landvættir
3801:Loddfáfnir
3779:Svaðilfari
3764:Hófvarpnir
3709:Blóðughófi
3689:Hildisvíni
3565:Aurvandill
3326:Vafþrúðnir
3311:Þrúðgelmir
3171:Harðgreipr
2539:Literature
2478:Vocabulary
2151:3520490013
1396:References
1389:Troubadour
1384:Rhapsodist
1277:The Skalds
1182:lausavísur
1034:Egils saga
947:Prose Edda
923:dróttkvætt
833:runestones
820:dróttkvætt
793:Höfuðlausn
785:Sonatorrek
761:Hákonarmál
594:Knútsdrápa
579:Bandadrápa
471:lausavísur
438:Höfuðlausn
398:Þangbrandr
382:) such as
356:ljóðaháttr
344:dróttkvætt
157:conversion
153:Viking Age
144:Prose Edda
124:Dróttkvætt
110:lausavísur
88:Icelandic:
6220:Turgesius
6095:Reginheri
6065:Palnatoke
5850:Freygeirr
5632:Berserker
5156:Pomerania
5151:Rhineland
5080:Expansion
5029:Greenland
5010:Homelands
4954:Yggdrasil
4874:Old Norse
4829:Hnefatafl
4797:Einherjar
4636:Mead hall
4570:Þorrablót
4424:Legendary
4319:Yggdrasil
4279:Víðbláinn
4274:Vanaheimr
4249:Þrymheimr
4244:Þrúðvangr
4239:Þrúðheimr
4209:Munarvágr
4199:Mímameiðr
4174:Hnitbjorg
4089:Fólkvangr
4074:Brávellir
4023:Vadgelmir
4008:Kerlaugar
3977:Niðafjöll
3937:Locations
3913:Valkyries
3861:Sæhrímnir
3749:Gulltoppr
3714:Falhófnir
3612:Einherjar
3595:Landdísir
3429:Mótsognir
3419:Hreiðmarr
3331:Víðblindi
3281:Sökkmímir
3271:Mögþrasir
3231:Hyrrokkin
3196:Hrímgerðr
3191:Hræsvelgr
3181:Helreginn
3176:Helblindi
3096:Bergelmir
2760:Ítreksjóð
2667:mythology
2473:Phonology
2018:(1964) .
1887:March 11,
1622:492984504
1541:March 11,
1507:602867700
1497:(1947) .
1437:(2011) .
1369:Minstrels
1286:Norwegian
1273:Skaldowie
1132:and King
1089:, active
1015:, active
986:Skáldatal
931:Hrynhenda
865:and King
859:Trøndelag
749:Eiríksmál
691:Þórsdrápa
663:Haustlöng
631:Hrafnsmál
548:Glymdrápa
507:dræplingr
362:málaháttr
192:The word
188:Etymology
72:Old Norse
6245:Uí Ímair
6025:Náttfari
6005:Lagertha
5965:Hvitserk
5697:Ingelrii
5692:Ulfberht
5672:Dane axe
5144:Normandy
5139:Brittany
5122:Scotland
5066:Jomsborg
5039:Shetland
4986:Longship
4924:Valkyrie
4919:Valhalla
4849:Norsemen
4839:Leysingi
4834:Holmgang
4782:Danegeld
4699:See also
4621:Hamingja
4575:Vetrnætr
4560:Dísablót
4555:Álfablót
4361:Ragnarök
4269:Valhalla
4259:Útgarðar
4204:Myrkviðr
4189:Járnviðr
4184:Iðavöllr
4104:Gálgviðr
4084:Fensalir
3993:Élivágar
3967:Náströnd
3957:Éljúðnir
3826:Níðhöggr
3774:Sleipnir
3744:Gullfaxi
3644:Fimafeng
3560:Auðumbla
3379:Billingr
3306:Þrívaldi
3291:Suttungr
3246:Járnsaxa
3216:Hrungnir
3146:Gillingr
3141:Geirröðr
3121:Fárbauti
3111:Býleistr
3076:Angrboða
3028:Gullveig
2740:Heimdall
2730:Dellingr
2451:Features
2356:pdfs of
2273:March 8,
2208:54582601
1790:Ross, 22
1735:(1976).
1608:(1974).
1581:(1957).
1479:March 5,
1332:See also
1293:Wardruna
1214:Editions
963:hrynhent
929:, whose
918:hrynhent
871:Valhalla
741:Valhalla
715:Ynglings
675:Húsdrápa
564:Vellekla
524:NKS 1867
407:mansöngr
390:and the
380:níðvísur
371:hermetic
273:skeltāri
233:skalsang
115:kennings
80:, later
6450:Related
6020:Naddodd
5945:Hastein
5920:Hagrold
5890:Guthrum
5885:Guthred
5770:Bagsecg
5667:Skeggöx
5657:Halberd
5185:Battles
5161:Estonia
5097:Danelaw
5059:Vinland
5024:Iceland
4949:Wergeld
4914:Tyrfing
4899:Seeress
4844:Mjölnir
4802:Futhark
4765:Culture
4758:Vikings
4651:Numbers
4631:Kenning
4504:Worship
4460:Society
4370:Sources
4289:Vingólf
4284:Vígríðr
4254:Uppsala
4219:Okolnir
4139:Glitnir
4109:Gandvik
4064:Bifröst
4054:Andlang
3972:Niflhel
3918:Völundr
3866:Skírnir
3806:Móðguðr
3602:Dragons
3585:Byggvir
3414:Gandalf
3399:Dvalinn
3369:Andvari
3206:Hrímnir
3161:Gunnlöð
3131:Fornjót
3126:Fjölvar
3106:Bölþorn
3081:Aurboða
3071:Alvaldi
3023:Gersemi
2840:Ásynjur
2745:Hermóðr
2735:Forseti
2685:Deities
2529:History
2463:Grammar
2458:Braille
2405:at the
2368:at the
2032:1856216
1419:June 1,
1410:"scold"
1325:Sabaton
1318:Swedish
1308:neofolk
813:History
482:refrain
288:. Like
262:skeldan
260:: *
249:skeltan
243:skellan
224:
209:
202:skalliz
200:: *
137:and in
6235:Veborg
5955:Hervor
5765:Auisle
5662:Atgeir
5642:Hersir
5171:Dublin
5166:Iberia
5134:France
5127:Wessex
5107:Mercia
5102:Anglia
4909:Thrall
4494:Horses
4333:Events
4314:Ýdalir
4293:Wells
4229:Sindri
4214:Nóatún
4079:Brimir
4044:Asgard
4003:Ífingr
3986:Rivers
3896:Vættir
3754:Gyllir
3664:Fylgja
3654:Fenrir
3607:Draugs
3543:Others
3466:Heroes
3449:Brokkr
3404:Fáfnir
3394:Dúrnir
3389:Durinn
3364:Alvíss
3356:Dwarfs
3341:Vörnir
3251:Laufey
3116:Eggþér
3101:Bestla
3058:Jötnar
3043:Njörðr
3038:Kvasir
3001:Freyja
2953:Snotra
2913:Njörun
2868:Gefjon
2825:Víðarr
2765:Lóðurr
2694:jötnar
2690:dwarfs
2403:, 1883
2345:, ed.
2311:
2206:
2200:541400
2198:
2148:
2080:
2030:
1799:Gade,
1743:
1715:
1661:
1620:
1505:
1445:
1379:Lirnyk
1323:group
1310:group
1305:French
1291:group
1271:group
1266:Polish
1222:, was
913:Geisli
905:drápur
617:Geisli
609:, and
491:flokkr
276:. The
267:skelto
256:stem (
254:skald-
6115:Rusla
6110:Rorik
6105:Rollo
6060:Ottir
5687:Sword
5176:Italy
4981:Knarr
4972:Ships
4894:Skald
4889:Sagas
4824:Gothi
4792:Eddas
4686:Völva
4676:Skald
4671:Seiðr
4666:Runes
4661:Rings
4626:Heiti
4611:Galdr
4606:Félag
4596:Death
4589:Other
4499:Hörgr
4414:Sagas
4154:Heiðr
4119:Gimlé
4059:Barri
3998:Gjöll
3923:Vörðr
3886:Troll
3871:Sköll
3831:Norns
3739:Grani
3734:Glenr
3724:Glaðr
3694:Hjúki
3669:Garmr
3622:Elves
3617:Eldir
3590:Dísir
3570:Beyla
3504:Hi–Hy
3454:Eitri
3439:Regin
3384:Dáinn
3336:Vosud
3316:Þrymr
3296:Þjazi
3286:Surtr
3256:Leikn
3226:Hymir
3221:Hrymr
3211:Hroðr
3186:Hljod
3166:Gymir
3156:Gríðr
3136:Gangr
3086:Baugi
3033:Hnoss
3016:Yngvi
3006:Freyr
2993:Vanir
2973:Þrúðr
2948:Skaði
2943:Sjöfn
2938:Sigyn
2923:Rindr
2908:Nanna
2888:Iðunn
2873:Gerðr
2863:Fulla
2858:Frigg
2785:Mímir
2780:Meili
2755:Hœnir
2725:Bragi
2720:Baldr
2544:Sagas
2496:Names
2204:S2CID
2196:JSTOR
1364:Griot
1354:Bhāts
1339:Ashik
1312:Skáld
1298:Skald
1237:]
1180:Many
959:Lilja
848:Bragi
768:, by
732:, by
678:‒ by
634:‒ by
571:, by
555:, by
514:Poems
501:vísur
496:drápa
477:drápa
464:Forms
367:heiti
339:skald
307:scold
302:skald
297:scoff
238:psalm
194:skald
135:sagas
128:metre
119:heiti
68:skáld
66:, or
64:skald
32:Scald
6240:Ubba
5810:Cnut
5647:Hird
5112:York
4772:Blót
4616:Goði
4601:Ergi
4580:Yule
4479:Blót
4387:Edda
3849:Nótt
3844:Elli
3839:Dagr
3786:Jörð
3729:Glær
3719:Gísl
3580:Búri
3575:Borr
3555:Auðr
3499:H–He
3424:Litr
3346:Ymir
3301:Þökk
3266:Logi
3261:Litr
3091:Beli
3066:Ægir
2928:Sága
2903:Lofn
2898:Irpa
2893:Ilmr
2883:Hlín
2815:Ullr
2805:Thor
2795:Odin
2775:Máni
2770:Loki
2750:Höðr
2707:Æsir
2665:and
2390:and
2309:ISBN
2275:2021
2146:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2028:OCLC
1889:2021
1741:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1618:OCLC
1543:2021
1503:OCLC
1481:2021
1443:ISBN
1421:2019
1359:Filí
1349:Bard
1289:folk
1269:rock
875:Odin
702:and
696:Thor
534:and
486:stef
458:lyre
454:harp
291:scop
284:scop
230:has
222:lit.
217:skal
207:lit.
4787:Dís
4641:Nīþ
4484:Hof
3952:Hel
3684:Hel
3519:T–Y
3514:P–S
3509:I–O
3494:F–G
3489:D–E
3484:B–C
3434:Ótr
3236:Iði
2983:Vör
2978:Vár
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