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loosened for the 2023–24 season to account for the discontinuation of the
Intercontinental Cup. Each team receives a number of starting positions equal to the number of athletes from that team who were in the top 70 (for men) or top 55 (for women) in the previous season's overall rankings, to a maximum of four. To be eligible to enter a World Cup race, athletes must have safely completed five races on two tracks in the previous two seasons. At the end of the World Cup season, the man and woman with the highest ranking, considering only points earned in World Cup races, are given a trophy known as the "Crystal Globe".
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228:(which are sufficiently 'closed' that a participant is highly unlikely to be ejected from the track), the Cresta takes place only on the Cresta Run (which is more open, meaning a rider can fall out of the run if he is out of control). Skeleton sleds are steered using torque provided by the head and shoulders. The Cresta toboggan does not have a steering or braking mechanism, though Cresta riders use rakes on their boots in addition to shifting body weight to help
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discipline rankings are used to determine the start order for the first heat of each race: the track becomes less smooth after each successive run, so earlier starts are more desirable. In the second (fourth at the World
Championships and Winter Olympics) heat, the competitors start in reverse order of their ranking after the previous heat. (At four-heat races, start order in heats two and three is in ascending order of combined time from the prior heats.)
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167:, the race always involves single riders. Like bobsleigh, but unlike luge, the race begins with a running start from the opening gate at the top of the course. The skeleton sled is thinner and heavier than the luge sled, and skeleton gives the rider more precise control of the sled. Skeleton is the slowest of the three sliding sports, as skeleton's face-down, head-first riding position is less aerodynamic than luge's face-up, feet-first ride.
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rule 4.1 provides that, for the purposes of determining the top 60 (or top 45) qualification, lower-ranking athletes from countries which have already received a full quota are "cleaned" from the list before an athlete's ordinal ranking is determined This had the effect of allowing continental representatives for Africa into the 2018 games, as they would otherwise have been too low on the ranking list to qualify (notably, Nigerian slider
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Continental Cups, and athletes are not permitted to race unless their team has filled all of its assigned quota sports in the World Cup. In addition, teams are limited to four athletes on their home continent and two athletes on the other continent. (For the purposes of this restriction, African teams are considered to be home on the Europe Cup and Asian, Oceanian, and South
American teams are home on the North American Cup.)
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Senior World
Championships is the same as for the World Cup, except that all national federations are entitled to send one athlete. The defending Junior World Champion in each discipline also receives an automatic entry. Unlike all other IBSF-sponsored races, the World Championships use a two-day, four-heat format, with rankings determined by total time for all four heats.
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the countries for quota assignment was based on their third-highest, second-highest, or highest ranked athlete in total IBSF ranking over the qualification period. In addition, three quota spots are reserved for countries whose continent did not receive any representation based on this assignment procedure.
426:. Each athlete receives points based on their results and the level of the competition, which are used to determine both their rankings on each circuit they race in and also an overall ranking across all circuits. An intermediate tier, the Intercontinental Cup, was discontinued after the 2022–23 season.
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at the end of the 19th century were inspired by
Canadian/Indian sleds used for transport". Various additions and redesigning efforts by athletes have led to the skeleton sleds used today. In 1892, L. P. Child introduced the "America", a new metal sled that revolutionized skeleton as a sport. The
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The Junior World
Championships are held every year, but are scheduled to avoid conflict with the Olympics and the Senior World Championships. Junior athletes are those who are under 23 years of age, or who turn 23 at some point during the competitive season. All countries are entitled to send up to
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are held, and a Junior World
Championships (open to athletes aged 23 and under) which are held annually without regard to the Olympics. One race each World Cup season is also designated the European Championship. The IBSF cooperates with the International Olympic Committee to supervise the skeleton
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In 2010, the FIBT restricted the materials with which skeleton sleds are permitted to be made. Sled frames must be made of steel and may not include steering or braking mechanisms. The base plate, however, may be made of plastics. The handles and bumpers found along the sides of the sled help secure
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As the bottom level of international skeleton competition, race results in the
Continental Cups are assigned the lowest point values for ranking, with a first-place finish being with 75 points (compared to 225 points for the World Cup). Only the top 30 athletes receive ranking points; 30th place is
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in
Pyeongchang, Korea, with one automatic quota going to the host country (Korea) for each gender. For men, three countries received three quota spots each, six were allocated two spots, and five got one; for women, two countries received three spots, four got two, and two got one. The ranking of
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The skeleton event in the Winter
Olympics uses the same two-day, four-heat format as the World Championships, but team quotas are significantly smaller. The International Olympic Committee assigns athlete quotas to national Olympic committees in cooperation with the IBSF and using the IBSF ranking
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One World Cup race a year may be designated as a continental championship for the continent on which it is held. This championship is a "paper" race, based only on the times in the regularly scheduled World Cup event, with the athletes representing a different continent excluded. Currently, this
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National Olympic Committees may send athletes other than the ones whose rankings earned the quota spot, but the athletes chosen must be ranked in the top 60 (for men) or top 45 (for women) on the IBSF list and meet similar experience requirements to those that apply to the World Cup. However, IBSF
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On all of the regular competitive circuits, the race days are preceded by three or four days of pre-race training to allow athletes to learn the intricacies of each track, and each athlete must complete a certain number of successful training runs to be eligible to compete. Normally, if the same
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In non-Olympic years, a national federation volunteers to organize the (Senior) World Championships (for both bobsleigh and skeleton), which are open to all athletes meeting the experience requirements that apply to the World Cup and the ICC (including junior athletes). The quota system for the
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The World Cup is the top level of international skeleton competition, and has the most stringent team quotas, with no teams receiving an automatic entry. To qualify, a team must have placed at least one athlete in the top 70 (for men) of the overall ranking table (top 55 for women); quotas were
270:
Approximately 30 km (20 mi) away in the winter sports town of St. Moritz, British men had long enjoyed racing one another down the busy, winding streets of the town, causing an uproar among citizens because of the danger to pedestrians and visiting tourists. In 1884, Major William
463:
The Intercontinental Cup (ICC) was introduced as an intermediate level between the Continental Cups and the World Cup; a first-place finish was worth 120 points in the IBSF ranking (vs. 225 points for a World Cup win). The ICC was discontinued after the 2022–23 season to increase the number of
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have become involved with the sport in recent years. The IBSF operates a support program for "emerging nations", which provides travel, coaching, and equipment funding assistance to countries which have neither a track nor three qualified pilots in three IBSF disciplines; in 2017, 20 national
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National federations are assigned athlete quota spots in the higher levels according to the overall rankings of their individual athletes during the previous season, but are free to send any qualified athlete to a competition in which they have available quota. However, individual athletes'
450:
The two Continental Cup series are the Europe Cup (also called "Europa Cup" and "European Cup") and the North American Cup. Both series are open to athletes from all participating nations, but with some restrictions: the top 15 athletes in combined ranking are not permitted to race in the
341:
declared bobsleigh and skeleton as Olympic sports and adopted the rules of the St. Moritz run as the officially recognized Olympic rules. It was not until 2002, however, that skeleton returned to the Olympic Winter Games after a 54-year absence, with the
774:
stripped-down design provided a compact sled with metal runners, and the design caught on quickly. In 1902, Arden Bott added a sliding seat to help athletes shift their weight forward and backward, a feature that is no longer included on modern sleds.
959:
The Official British Bob Skeleton organization whose members include both athletes and fans. Their website includes a great deal of information regarding the sport, its history, events, photographs, news and updates on athletes and the sport.
357:
Popularity in the sport has grown since the 2002 Winter Olympics and now includes participation by some countries that either do not or cannot have a track because of climate, terrain or monetary limitations. Athletes from such countries as
455:
worth 1 point. However, two races are generally held in each discipline on a single race weekend, allowing consistently competitive athletes to earn a higher ranking than if they went to a single World Cup race and finished poorly.
750:, athletes are currently able to practice the sport regardless of weather conditions. The sport is also promoted by skeleton officials as a gateway sport to "train young, aspiring athletes…for their future career in bobsleigh."
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three athletes to the Junior World Championships, subject to the requirement that each entrant must have finished at least three IBSF sanctioned competitions on at least two tracks in the previous two years.
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Both skeleton and its sister sport, bobsledding, have been associated with traumatic brain injury, a phenomenon known as "sled head". Multiple suicides of former athletes have been linked to these sports.
330:. As the popularity of the sport grew, skeleton evolved into the sport recognized today. In 1892, the sled was transformed by L. P. Child, an Englishman, to incorporate a more bare-bones design.
2336:
923:, Germany, and headed by Senator Hans Riedmayer and Max Probst (himself a skeleton bob engineer), the club was important in organizing some of the first national and international skeleton events in
970:
Established in 1923 as Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT),and renamed in 2015, the FIBSF is the official governing body for the sport. Its headquarters are in
1997:
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In the 1887 Grand National competition in St. Moritz, a Mr. Cornish introduced the now-traditional head-first position, a trend that was in full force by the 1890 Grand National.
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Some athletes opt to attach ballasts if the combined weight of athlete and sled falls below the maximum combined weight. These ballasts may only be added to the sled, not the rider.
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A private club founded in 1887 by Major Bulpetts of St. Moritz. Membership is selected from applicants on their "Supplementary List". St. Moritz is the birthplace of the sport.
299:, the Cresta Run was included in the program, marking the only two times skeleton was included as an Olympic event before its permanent addition in 2002 to the Winter Games.
354:. In 2015, the FIBT was renamed the International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation (IBSF), and the Congress of the IBSF adopted its current governing statutes in 2016.
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255:. While toboggan tracks were not uncommon at the time, the added challenge of curves and bends in the Swiss track distinguished it from those of Canada and the
220:. Although skeleton "sliders" use equipment similar to that of Cresta "riders", the two sports are different: while skeleton is run on the same tracks used by
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949:. Their website includes a great deal of information regarding the sport, its history, events, photographs, news and updates on athletes and the sport.
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259:. The source of the word is debated; some speculate that it comes from the skeleton-like appearance of the original sleds, and others an incorrectly
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In addition to the four race series, the IBSF also organizes World Championships, which are held at the end of every sliding season except when the
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races at the Olympic Winter Games, and the IBSF ranking system is used to determine the National Olympic Committees' athlete quota allocations.
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The IBSF organizes three competitive circuits for international skeleton competition, in two tiers: two Continental Cups, and the top level
2070:
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competition also includes bobsleigh races, the skeleton races will be held first, as the heavier bobsleighs do more damage to the track.
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of Germany won the women's competition. Because 2018 was an Olympic year, no World Championships were held for the 2017/18 season.
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283:, the first tobogganing track of its kind in St. Moritz. The track ran three-quarters of a mile from St. Moritz to
738:, Switzerland, took Olympic gold at the 1948 event. With the advent of the first artificially refrigerated track in 1969 at
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is done only in Europe; the 2017/18 European Championship races were the World Cup races held on 15 December 2017 at
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894:
407:
3905:
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2703:"Sledding Athletes Are Taking Their Lives. Did Brain-Rattling Rides and High-Speed Crashes Damage Their Brains?"
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1972:
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209:
1944:
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52:
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608:
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federations qualified for financial support in men's skeleton, and 11 qualified in women's skeleton.
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championship held the following year. In 1908 and 1910, skeleton competitions were held in the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
337:(FIBT) was established as the governing body of the sport. Soon afterward, in 1926, the
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was ranked 74th before cleaning, but was in the top 45 after application of rule 4.1).
604:
537:
533:
395:
327:
276:
153:
2737:"Concussions in Sledding Sports and the Unrecognized "Sled Head": A Systematic Review"
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42:
2546:"Qualification System for the XXIII Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018: Skeleton"
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156:. The sport and the sled may have been named from the bony appearance of the sled.
2369:(Press release). International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation. 14 November 2023
2260:
2164:
781:
Further specifications are included in the FIBT ruling regarding sled dimensions:
739:
2526:(Press release). International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation. 25 January 2018
239:
The sport of skeleton can be traced to 1882, when English soldiers constructed a
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152:, known as a skeleton bobsled (or bobsleigh), down a frozen track while lying
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2714:
2524:"Skeleton Athletes Anna Fernstädt and Nikita Tregubov Junior World Champions"
322:. This opened the door to other national skeleton competitions including the
3796:
3497:
3384:
3334:
3105:
2934:
2205:
2131:"Here's How You Can Tell the Difference Between Luge, Skeleton, and Bobsled"
2075:
945:
The Official Brazilian Bob Skeleton organization was established in 1996 in
853:
525:
375:
359:
160:
2780:
2367:"Yanqing Olympic Sliding Center celebrates its debut as a World Cup track"
3882:
3788:
3489:
3404:
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3100:
971:
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248:
240:
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911:. Offers racing and tuition. Has produced international-level athletes.
730:
may have been the catalyst for its upswing in popularity. Most notably,
216:, as a spinoff of the tobogganing sport pioneered by the British on the
3632:
3479:
3344:
3117:
2834:, The Vancouver 2010 Olympic Sliding Sports Pick 6 Pool selection page.
2228:"Everything you wanted to know about skeleton (but were afraid to ask)"
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900:
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system to determine qualification; 20 women and 30 men competed at the
666:
The 2017–18 Junior World Championships were held on 25 January 2018 in
600:
529:
367:
323:
319:
221:
197:
3832:
3154:
2504:. International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. 25 February 2017
2482:. International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. 26 February 2017
2409:. International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. September 2017.
920:
391:
387:
383:
311:
2822:
The Provincial governing body for the sport of Skeleton in Alberta.
2460:. International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation. 15 December 2017
2438:. International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation. 15 December 2017
2302:. International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. 12 June 2016.
849:
alpine racing helmet with chin guard, or a skeleton-specific helmet
2551:. International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. 17 May 2016.
695:
654:
406:
244:
233:
2819:
2810:
Governing body for the sports of bobsled and skeleton in the USA.
2735:
McCradden, Melissa D.; Cusimano, Michael D. (18 September 2018).
3806:
3127:
2874:
2816:
Governing body for the sports of bobsled and skeleton in Canada.
2080:
379:
351:
310:
Skeleton was practiced mainly in Switzerland; however, in 1905,
225:
164:
149:
3226:
3057:
2841:
2802:
Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Toboganning (FIBT)
193:
During elite racing the rider experiences accelerations up to 5
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618:
547:
486:
837:
Distance between runners: 340–380 mm (13.4–15.0 in)
2825:
2676:
2813:
2801:
186:. It was added permanently to the Olympic program for the
2651:
2578:"Standings (2017/2018) (Women's skeleton) (IBSF ranking)"
335:
Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing
170:
Previously, skeleton appeared in the Olympic program in
271:
Bulpett, with the backing of winter sports pioneer and
2828:
Introductory site about the sport, from a participant.
2361:
2359:
2357:
2335:. International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation.
200:
and reaches speeds over 130 km/h (81 mph).
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287:and contained ten turns still used today. When the
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79:
74:
63:
50:
871:optional elbow and shoulder pads under their suits
2580:. International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
3033:International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
2330:"IBSF Emerging Nations Support Package 2017/18"
966:International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
58:International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
3238:
3069:
2853:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
597:Königssee bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track
595:The 2016/17 World Championships were held at
8:
3038:List of bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks
760:List of bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks
30:
2808:USA Bobsled and Skeleton Federation (USBSF)
190:, at which stage a women's race was added.
3245:
3231:
3223:
3076:
3062:
3054:
2860:
2846:
2838:
2458:"European Championship (Women's Skeleton)"
2204:. Fibt.com. 2 October 1999. Archived from
1691:
1478:
1081:
831:Length: 80–120 cm (31.5–47.2 in)
464:athletes participating on the World Cup.
29:
2770:
2752:
2612:
2610:
2436:"European Championship (Men's Skeleton)"
882:
783:
607:of Latvia won the men's competition and
2091:
2014:
1667:
1382:
314:held its first skeleton competition in
2255:
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2194:
2192:
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2182:
2155:
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2151:
834:Height: 8–20 cm (3.1–7.9 in)
734:, a fruit and vegetable merchant from
532:. The current European champions are
2632:from the original on 22 December 2015
2416:from the original on 22 December 2017
2342:from the original on 22 December 2017
2015:
1668:
1383:
1001:List of Olympic medalists in skeleton
7:
2920:European natural track championships
2328:Pengilly, Adam (29 September 2017).
2097:
2095:
2071:List of Skeleton World Cup champions
2701:Futterman, Matthew (26 July 2020).
2404:"International Skeleton Rules 2017"
2129:Nelson, Dustin (19 February 2018).
2603:. Columbia University Press. 2004.
2261:"British Bob Skeleton Association"
815: 102 kg (224.9 lb)
25:
3941:Sports originating in Switzerland
2915:World natural track championships
2619:IBSF International Skeleton Rules
2558:from the original on 20 June 2017
2309:from the original on 20 June 2017
856:made of uncoated textile material
726:The accessibility of skeleton to
3084:
2285:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
2050:
1991:
1966:
1938:
1910:
1882:
1857:
1829:
1804:
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1720:
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955:British Bob Skeleton Association
623:
584:For a list of past winners, see
552:
491:
291:were held at St. Moritz in
148:in which a person rides a small
36:
995:Skeleton at the Winter Olympics
941:Brazilian Ice Sports Federation
692:Skeleton at the Winter Olympics
418:at Lake Placid in November 2017
339:International Olympic Committee
159:Unlike other sliding sports of
2599:"Skeleton, in winter sports".
1:
3028:International Luge Federation
2161:"St. Moritz Tobogganing Club"
267:word for toboggan, "Kjelke".
3254:Extreme and adventure sports
2820:Alberta Skeleton Association
1998:Olympic Athletes from Russia
1688:Total Olympic ranking (2018)
1282:Olympic Athletes from Russia
1048:Olympic Athletes from Russia
979:St. Moritz Tobogganing Club
895:Alberta Skeleton Association
804:115 kg (253.5 lb)
586:Skeleton World Championships
3043:List of natural luge tracks
243:track between the towns of
208:The skeleton originated in
3957:
2797:Torino 2006 Skeleton rules
1407:Current Olympic champion:
1010:Current Olympic champion:
998:
992:
818:38 kg (83.8 lb)
807:43 kg (94.8 lb)
778:the athlete during a run.
757:
689:
615:Junior World Championships
583:
544:Senior World Championships
471:
403:International competitions
3731:Aggressive inline skating
3200:
3096:
3023:
2814:Bobsleigh CANADA Skeleton
2601:The Columbia Encyclopedia
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1137:
1109:
1101:
1089:
1086:
859:spiked shoes, similar to
769:"The 'toboggans' used in
632:This section needs to be
561:This section needs to be
500:This section needs to be
483:Continental Championships
35:
2754:10.3389/fneur.2018.00772
2066:FIBT World Championships
154:face down and head-first
99:Winter sport, time trial
2283:Encyclopædia Britannica
2108:Encyclopædia Britannica
919:Established in 1969 in
916:Bavarian Skeleton Club
789:Maximum combined weight
674:, and the winners were
603:, 24–26 February 2017.
306:International expansion
45:pushes off at the start
3015:European championships
2970:European championships
2910:European championships
2741:Frontiers in Neurology
701:
659:
419:
3916:Winter Olympic sports
3607:Parachuting/Skydiving
3212:Summer Olympic sports
3090:Winter Olympic sports
2868:Winter sliding sports
2804:World governing body.
2677:"Cresta Run homepage"
2281:"Skeleton Sledding".
999:Further information:
699:
658:
410:
3721:Freestyle scootering
3547:Traditional climbing
2502:"World Championship"
2480:"World Championship"
909:1988 Winter Olympics
707:2018 Winter Olympics
686:Olympic Winter Games
459:Intercontinental Cup
435:Olympic Winter Games
344:2002 Winter Olympics
289:Winter Olympic Games
188:2002 Winter Olympics
146:winter sliding sport
27:Winter sliding sport
3648:Powered paragliding
3475:Whitewater kayaking
3470:Whitewater canoeing
3005:World championships
2960:World championships
2925:Asian championships
2900:World championships
2208:on 14 February 2014
2103:"Skeleton sledding"
2016:Totals (11 entries)
1693:
1480:
1384:Totals (10 entries)
1083:
989:Olympic medal table
67:Late 19th century,
53:governing body
32:
3779:Ski mountaineering
3542:Free solo climbing
3480:Whitewater rafting
3192:Ski mountaineering
2707:The New York Times
2167:on 9 December 2012
1692:
1669:Totals (6 entries)
1479:
1452:Jacqueline Lölling
1082:
852:skin-tight racing
702:
660:
609:Jacqueline Lölling
474:Skeleton World Cup
420:
279:, constructed the
3911:Individual sports
3891:
3890:
3537:Big wall climbing
3285:Kite landboarding
3220:
3219:
3208:Paralympic sports
3051:
3050:
2234:. 7 February 2022
2032:
2031:
1685:
1684:
1400:
1399:
986:
985:
822:
821:
791:(athlete + sled)
653:
652:
582:
581:
521:
520:
414:competing in the
139:
138:
16:(Redirected from
3948:
3906:Skeleton (sport)
3828:Adventure racing
3802:Extreme sledding
3769:Freestyle skiing
3580:Ski-BASE jumping
3453:Technical diving
3300:Mountainboarding
3247:
3240:
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2163:. Archived from
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771:Alpine countries
716:Simidele Adeagbo
648:
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619:
577:
574:
568:
556:
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446:Continental Cups
196:
40:
33:
21:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3949:
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3946:
3945:
3926:Racing vehicles
3896:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3858:Obstacle racing
3843:Extreme ironing
3816:
3783:
3747:
3709:
3698:Mountain biking
3669:
3665:Wingsuit flying
3611:
3558:
3525:Alpine climbing
3484:
3409:
3366:
3256:
3251:
3221:
3216:
3196:
3175:Nordic combined
3092:
3082:
3052:
3047:
3019:
2988:Winter Olympics
2974:
2943:Winter Olympics
2929:
2883:Winter Olympics
2869:
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2717:
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2660:
2658:
2652:"CDBG homepage"
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2306:
2299:
2297:"IBSF Statutes"
2295:
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2290:
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2259:
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2237:
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2232:nbcolympics.com
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1220:
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1078:Dominic Parsons
1074:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1055:Nikita Tregubov
1051:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1003:
997:
991:
974:, Switzerland.
881:
868:or face shields
846:
795:
790:
767:
762:
756:
724:
694:
688:
680:Nikita Tregubov
678:of Germany and
649:
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569:
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470:
461:
448:
405:
394:, and even the
308:
263:version of the
210:St. Moritz
206:
194:
172:St. Moritz
108:Skeleton tracks
75:Characteristics
46:
28:
23:
22:
18:Skeleton racers
15:
12:
11:
5:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3943:
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3838:Cheese rolling
3835:
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3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
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3766:
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3759:Extreme skiing
3755:
3753:
3749:
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3745:
3743:Roller skating
3740:
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3738:
3733:
3726:Inline skating
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3587:Bungee jumping
3584:
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3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
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3544:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3520:Mountaineering
3517:
3516:
3515:
3513:Mixed climbing
3505:
3503:Crane climbing
3500:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
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3145:
3140:
3138:figure skating
3130:
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2836:
2835:
2829:
2826:NewSliders.com
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2791:External links
2789:
2787:
2786:
2727:
2693:
2681:Cresta-run.com
2668:
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993:Main article:
990:
987:
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957:
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947:Rio de Janeiro
943:
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933:Czechoslovakia
917:
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912:
907:, home of the
897:
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766:
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758:Main article:
755:
752:
723:
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690:Main article:
687:
684:
676:Anna Fernstädt
651:
650:
631:
629:
622:
616:
613:
605:Martins Dukurs
580:
579:
560:
558:
551:
545:
542:
538:Elena Nikitina
536:of Latvia and
534:Martins Dukurs
519:
518:
499:
497:
490:
484:
481:
472:Main article:
469:
466:
460:
457:
447:
444:
404:
401:
396:Virgin Islands
348:Salt Lake City
328:Semmering Pass
307:
304:
277:Caspar Badrutt
205:
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3909:
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3878:Ultramarathon
3876:
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3699:
3696:
3692:
3691:Freestyle BMX
3689:
3687:
3684:
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3626:
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3608:
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3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Cliff jumping
3595:
3593:
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3585:
3581:
3578:
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3555:
3552:
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3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:Rock climbing
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:
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886:Organization
885:
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644:November 2023
635:
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564:
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412:Lizzy Yarnold
409:
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333:In 1923, the
331:
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182:and again in
181:
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49:
44:
43:Nozomi Komuro
39:
34:
19:
3893:
3868:Powerbocking
3863:Orienteering
3853:Fell running
3848:Extreme Pogo
3811:
3774:Speed skiing
3736:Vert skating
3660:Speed flying
3638:Hang gliding
3592:Cliff-diving
3570:BASE jumping
3508:Ice climbing
3465:Water skiing
3443:Scuba diving
3415:Water sports
3357:Wakeboarding
3330:Snowboarding
3320:Skimboarding
3310:Sandboarding
3295:Longboarding
3290:Kiteboarding
3275:Bodyboarding
3204:
3185:snowboarding
3110:
2979:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2706:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2680:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2618:
2600:
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2371:. Retrieved
2344:. Retrieved
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2291:
2282:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2236:. Retrieved
2231:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2206:the original
2169:. Retrieved
2165:the original
2138:. Retrieved
2134:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2106:
2038:
2035:Brain injury
1406:
1032:Yun Sung-bin
1009:
889:Description
861:track spikes
828:Dimensions:
823:
796:sled weight
780:
776:
768:
725:
712:
703:
700:Yun Sung-bin
665:
661:
641:
633:
594:
590:
570:
562:
522:
509:
501:
477:
462:
453:
449:
440:
432:
428:
421:
372:South Africa
356:
332:
316:MĂĽrzzuschlag
309:
301:
275:hotel owner
269:
238:
207:
192:
169:
158:
141:
140:
88:Team members
64:First played
3873:Slacklining
3655:Parasailing
3643:Paragliding
3602:Tombstoning
3448:Cave diving
3433:High diving
3423:Coasteering
3372:Motorsports
3362:Windsurfing
3335:Snowskating
3280:Dirtsurfing
3262:Boardsports
3180:ski jumping
3143:short-track
2720:21 November
2656:Cbdg.org.br
2562:16 December
2508:16 December
2486:16 December
2464:17 December
2442:17 December
2420:16 December
2373:14 November
2346:16 December
2313:16 December
2212:14 February
1889:South Korea
1836:Switzerland
1570:Switzerland
1366:Switzerland
1226:South Korea
1025:South Korea
899:Located in
732:Nino Bibbia
682:of Russia.
672:Switzerland
540:of Russia.
364:New Zealand
253:Switzerland
214:Switzerland
176:Switzerland
69:Switzerland
3936:Ice sports
3900:Categories
3883:Zip-lining
3764:Freeriding
3686:BMX racing
3628:Air racing
3623:Aerobatics
3554:Skyrunning
3460:Snorkeling
3438:Jet Skiing
3428:Freediving
3400:Rally raid
3390:Rallycross
3325:Skysurfing
3148:long-track
3123:Ice hockey
2584:2 February
2530:2 February
2087:References
1475:Laura Deas
736:St. Moritz
668:St. Moritz
281:Cresta Run
261:anglicized
218:Cresta Run
135:to present
3797:Bobsleigh
3575:Free BASE
3498:Canyoning
3385:Motocross
3205:See also:
3170:freestyle
3106:Bobsleigh
3010:World Cup
2993:medalists
2965:World Cup
2948:medalists
2935:Bobsleigh
2905:World Cup
2888:medalists
2763:1664-2295
2715:0362-4331
2202:"History"
2076:Bobsleigh
854:speedsuit
844:Equipment
740:Königssee
526:Innsbruck
468:World Cup
424:World Cup
416:World Cup
376:Argentina
360:Australia
265:Norwegian
161:bobsleigh
3931:Sledding
3812:Skeleton
3789:Sledding
3703:Downhill
3490:Climbing
3405:Snocross
3395:Rallying
3380:Drifting
3111:skeleton
3101:Biathlon
2980:Skeleton
2781:30279676
2636:19 March
2627:Archived
2625:. 2015.
2553:Archived
2411:Archived
2337:Archived
2304:Archived
2044:See also
972:Lausanne
925:Konigsee
728:amateurs
324:Austrian
285:Celerina
249:Klosters
241:toboggan
222:bobsleds
142:Skeleton
114:Presence
51:Highest
31:Skeleton
3714:Rolling
3674:Cycling
3633:Gliding
3563:Falling
3345:Surfing
3133:Skating
3118:Curling
2772:6153360
2747:: 772.
2266:18 July
2238:24 July
2171:18 July
2114:23 July
1973:Austria
1917:Germany
1598:Germany
1445:Germany
1310:Austria
905:Alberta
901:Calgary
866:goggles
794:Maximum
748:Germany
634:updated
601:Bavaria
563:updated
530:Austria
502:updated
368:Bermuda
320:Austria
204:History
120:Olympic
80:Contact
3921:Racing
3833:Caving
3821:Others
3752:Skiing
3616:Flying
3160:alpine
3155:Skiing
2998:venues
2953:venues
2893:venues
2832:OSSP6P
2779:
2769:
2761:
2713:
2686:17 May
2661:17 May
2140:17 May
1996:
1971:
1945:Latvia
1943:
1915:
1887:
1862:
1834:
1811:Russia
1809:
1783:Canada
1781:
1753:
1725:
1709:Bronze
1706:Silver
1700:Nation
1651:Russia
1649:
1626:Canada
1624:
1596:
1568:
1540:
1512:
1496:Bronze
1493:Silver
1487:Nation
1470:
1466:
1447:
1443:
1424:
1420:
1364:
1336:
1308:
1280:
1254:Latvia
1252:
1224:
1199:
1173:Russia
1171:
1145:Canada
1143:
1115:
1099:Bronze
1096:Silver
1090:Nation
1073:
1069:
1050:
1046:
1027:
1023:
931:, and
921:Munich
812:Women
392:Brazil
388:Mexico
384:Israel
312:Styria
195:
2630:(PDF)
2623:(PDF)
2556:(PDF)
2549:(PDF)
2414:(PDF)
2407:(PDF)
2340:(PDF)
2333:(PDF)
2307:(PDF)
2300:(PDF)
1864:Italy
1712:Total
1499:Total
1472:(GBR)
1449:(GER)
1426:(GBR)
1403:Women
1201:Italy
1102:Total
1075:(GBR)
1052:(OAR)
1029:(KOR)
929:Tirol
754:Track
722:Sport
245:Davos
234:brake
230:steer
178:, in
144:is a
104:Venue
3807:Luge
3210:and
3128:Luge
2875:Luge
2777:PMID
2759:ISSN
2722:2020
2711:ISSN
2688:2018
2663:2018
2638:2017
2586:2018
2564:2017
2532:2018
2510:2017
2488:2017
2466:2017
2444:2017
2422:2017
2375:2023
2348:2017
2315:2017
2268:2007
2240:2024
2214:2014
2173:2007
2142:2018
2116:2013
2081:Luge
1703:Gold
1697:Rank
1490:Gold
1484:Rank
1093:Gold
1087:Rank
874:sled
801:Men
765:Sled
380:Iraq
352:Utah
297:1948
295:and
293:1928
273:Kulm
247:and
232:and
226:luge
224:and
184:1948
180:1928
165:luge
163:and
150:sled
133:2002
129:1948
125:1928
96:Type
3681:BMX
2767:PMC
2749:doi
1006:Men
599:in
346:in
251:in
3902::
2775:.
2765:.
2757:.
2743:.
2739:.
2709:.
2705:.
2679:.
2654:.
2609:^
2383:^
2356:^
2248:^
2230:.
2181:^
2150:^
2133:.
2105:.
2094:^
2028:36
2025:12
2022:12
2019:12
1963:10
1681:15
1396:21
1356:10
935:.
927:,
903:,
746:,
670:,
528:,
390:,
386:,
382:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
366:,
362:,
350:,
318:,
236:.
212:,
174:,
131:,
127:,
83:No
3246:e
3239:t
3232:v
3077:e
3070:t
3063:v
2861:e
2854:t
2847:v
2783:.
2751::
2745:9
2724:.
2690:.
2665:.
2640:.
2588:.
2566:.
2534:.
2512:.
2490:.
2468:.
2446:.
2424:.
2377:.
2350:.
2317:.
2270:.
2242:.
2216:.
2175:.
2144:.
2118:.
2011:1
2008:0
2005:1
2002:0
1986:1
1983:0
1980:1
1977:0
1958:2
1955:0
1952:2
1949:0
1935:9
1930:3
1927:1
1924:2
1921:0
1907:8
1902:1
1899:0
1896:0
1893:1
1877:1
1874:0
1871:0
1868:1
1854:6
1849:3
1846:2
1843:0
1840:1
1824:3
1821:2
1818:0
1815:1
1801:4
1796:4
1793:1
1790:1
1787:2
1773:3
1768:9
1765:5
1762:1
1759:3
1745:2
1740:8
1737:1
1734:4
1731:3
1717:1
1678:5
1675:5
1672:5
1664:1
1661:1
1658:0
1655:0
1639:1
1636:1
1633:0
1630:0
1616:5
1611:3
1608:1
1605:2
1602:0
1588:4
1583:1
1580:0
1577:0
1574:1
1560:3
1555:3
1552:0
1549:2
1546:1
1532:2
1527:6
1524:2
1521:1
1518:3
1504:1
1393:7
1390:7
1387:7
1379:1
1376:1
1373:0
1370:0
1351:3
1348:3
1345:0
1342:0
1328:9
1323:1
1320:0
1317:1
1314:0
1300:8
1295:2
1292:1
1289:1
1286:0
1272:7
1267:2
1264:0
1261:2
1258:0
1244:6
1239:1
1236:0
1233:0
1230:1
1214:1
1211:0
1208:0
1205:1
1191:4
1186:2
1183:1
1180:0
1177:1
1163:3
1158:3
1155:0
1152:1
1149:2
1135:2
1130:5
1127:1
1124:2
1121:2
1107:1
742:/
646:)
642:(
636:.
588:.
575:)
571:(
565:.
514:)
510:(
504:.
198:g
91:1
20:)
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