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416:. Brooklyn was 12 miles (19 km) from Lawrence. Local farmers had warned Brooklyn's residents of the approach of Quantrill, so the town was abandoned when the bushwhackers arrived. Quantrill expected Union forces to already be blocking the route he had taken into Kansas, so he decided to withdraw in a southeasterly direction towards some woods around the
442:
who had been trying to locate
Quantrill's force since before the massacre met up with Lane's force, and made contact with the bushwhackers beyond Brooklyn. Shots were fired to no effect, and Quantrill's men began to become disorderly and panic while passing down a lane through a cornfield. Guerrilla
447:
rallied 20 bushwhackers and charged the
Federal cavalry, driving them back with losses on both sides. Todd was given command of the rearguard and a pattern of brief firefights ensued as Todd's men would set up a defense and hold off the Union vanguard until the main Union force would catch up. At
435:. Lane's force gathered more men during the pursuit, and reached Brooklyn with about 35 men. Lane's men kicked up a cloud of dust, which alerted Quantrill's guerrillas of their approach; the bushwhackers began a retreat. A force of about 200 Union Army cavalrymen under
420:. He also ordered Brooklyn burned. All of the town's buildings were destroyed except for the saloon. Historian Katie Armitage suggests that the burning of the town was possibly fueled by adrenaline and alcohol consumption, while a research paper published with
360:
described the band as containing "some of the most psychopathic killers in
American history". In August 1863, Quantrill gathered 450 men and entered Kansas. They kidnapped locals, forced them to serve as guides on the way to the city of
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465:
at the
Missouri/Kansas state line, and had scattered within Missouri by the end of August 22. A handful of the bushwhackers were later caught and executed. The Lawrence Massacre caused widespread outrage, and led to Union
203:
460:
Union forces attempted to set a trap for
Quantrill in the area of Paola, but the bushwhackers fought off a small Union charge and then bypassed a planned ambush. The bushwhackers avoided a force of 150 Missouri
196:
1136:
189:
880:
368:
Lawrence was selected as the target for the raid, as it was viewed in
Missouri as a center of abolitionism and Jayhawkers. The city was also home to Jayhawker leader
427:
Lane, who had survived the massacre by hiding in a cornfield, gathered about a dozen men after the bushwhackers left, and followed after
Quantrill, armed with
384:
on August 21, Quantrill's men destroyed 185 buildings and killed 182 men and boys, having been told by their leader to "kill every male and burn every house".
424:
proposes that
Quantrill's men may have been targeting local members of a pacifist sect who had earlier been forced out of Missouri by pro-slavery advocates.
279:
led a small group of survivors of the massacre in pursuit of
Quantrill's men, and were joined by a force of about 200 Union Army cavalrymen, commanded by
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340:. Both sides committed atrocities, such as murder, theft, and wanton destruction. One of the most notorious bushwhacker groups was
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suggests that it was unlikely that the bushwhackers had motivations other than stealing and killing. In the ensuing
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that point the raiders would ride to reach
Quantrill and repeat the pattern as they withdrew towards
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760:(Louisiana Paperback ed.). Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.
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477:, which depopulated 10,000 civilians from parts of four counties in western Missouri.
290:, which the raiders had burned. The Confederates began to panic, but a charge led by
286:. Lane's and Plumb's men fought with Quantrill's Raiders to the south of the town of
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soldiers approaching, and the guerrillas left the town, moving the roads towards
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halted the Union pursuit. Quantrill's men escaped across the state line into
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Quantrill's War: The Life and Times of William Clarke Quantrill 1837–1865
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Gray Ghosts of the Confederacy: Guerrilla Warfare in the West 1861–1865
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Later that day, after the massacre, some of Quantrill's men detected
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Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
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and then scattered; a few were later caught and executed.
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801:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
782:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
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799:William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times
1137:Battles of the American Civil War in Kansas
605:"Not Far Away, a Town that Never Recovered"
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780:Civil War Kansas: Reaping the Whirlwind
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175:9th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
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825:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
844:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin.
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890:Kansas in the American Civil War
603:Bruce, Giles (August 18, 2013).
503:List of battles fought in Kansas
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123:
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16:Battle of the American Civil War
1142:Raids of the American Civil War
1127:1863 in the American Civil War
756:Brownlee, Richard S. (1989) .
528:"9th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry"
253:skirmish near Brooklyn, Kansas
24:Skirmish near Brooklyn, Kansas
1:
271:forces immediately after the
118:Confederate States of America
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374:Sacking of Osceola, Missouri
324:. The neighboring state of
263:on August 21, 1863, between
213:Quantrill's Raid into Kansas
797:Castel, Albert E. (1999) .
508:List of massacres in Kansas
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365:, and then murdered them.
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495:American Civil War portal
408:, until they reached the
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53:South of Brooklyn, Kansas
36:
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396:William Clarke Quantrill
346:William Clarke Quantrill
840:Schultz, Duane (1996).
530:. National Park Service
418:Marais des Cygnes River
354:Confederate States Army
73:38.752546°N 95.242758°W
609:Lawrence Journal-World
397:
137:Commanders and leaders
822:Battle Cry of Freedom
395:
352:'s commission in the
78:38.752546; -95.242758
475:General Order No. 11
1147:Quantrill's Raiders
904:Kansas–Nebraska Act
817:McPherson, James M.
718:, pp. 222–223.
706:, pp. 134–135.
694:, pp. 216–221.
667:, pp. 133–134.
631:, pp. 214–215.
563:, pp. 136–138.
551:, pp. 784–786.
429:pepperbox revolvers
344:, which was led by
342:Quantrill's Raiders
265:Quantrill's Raiders
168:Quantrill's Raiders
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358:James M. McPherson
314:American Civil War
261:American Civil War
31:American Civil War
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1053:Marais des Cygnes
954:Marais des Cygnes
789:978-0-7006-0872-0
776:Castel, Albert E.
468:Brigadier General
382:Lawrence Massacre
376:. The historian
322:guerrilla warfare
308:Lawrence Massacre
273:Lawrence massacre
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224:Lawrence Massacre
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143:William Quantrill
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422:Baker University
414:Brooklyn, Kansas
378:Albert E. Castel
363:Lawrence, Kansas
356:; the historian
288:Brooklyn, Kansas
284:Preston B. Plumb
277:James Henry Lane
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612:. Retrieved
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348:, who had a
338:bushwhackers
330:abolitionist
328:was largely
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104:Belligerents
29:Part of the
728:Castel 1997
704:Castel 1997
680:Castel 1999
665:Castel 1997
641:Castel 1997
573:Castel 1997
561:Castel 1997
312:During the
292:George Todd
147:George Todd
76: /
1111:Categories
1058:Mine Creek
965:Combatants
949:Osawatomie
944:Fort Titus
934:Black Jack
614:6 December
534:6 December
514:References
463:militiamen
334:Jayhawkers
302:Background
64:95°14′34″W
61:38°45′09″N
981:Campaigns
778:(1997) .
456:Aftermath
236:Big Creek
1096:Category
1032:Brooklyn
1027:Lawrence
988:Missouri
939:Franklin
919:Lawrence
819:(1988).
481:See also
473:issuing
433:shotguns
388:Skirmish
370:Jim Lane
318:Missouri
296:Missouri
257:skirmish
239:Hopewell
229:Brooklyn
172:Militia
156:Jim Lane
49:Location
1011:Osceola
997:Battles
897:Origins
750:Sources
443:leader
406:Baldwin
350:captain
259:of the
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326:Kansas
255:was a
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89:Result
972:Union
929:Spurs
450:Paola
437:Major
402:Union
281:Major
269:Union
233:Paola
1046:1864
1020:1863
1004:1861
846:ISBN
827:ISBN
803:ISBN
784:ISBN
762:ISBN
616:2021
536:2021
320:was
251:The
92:See
41:Date
412:at
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