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party was to move beyond the edge of the fire, but remain in sight of the camp. Instead, they were drawn into skirmishing and advanced out of sight. A party under
Lieutenant Joseph Gardner (soon accompanied by several other officers) was dispatched to their aid and to recall them. This group also soon became engaged out of sight.
422:, near the Toothman homestead and about nine miles on the other side of the Kansas-Missouri border. The area away from the river was largely open tall-grass prairie and farms, without many trees. John Toothman had been identified as a guerrilla and imprisoned at Fort Lincoln, a Civil War prison camp near
493:
by a correspondent who had accompanied the Kansas unit. The heroic action of the
African Americans was headlined as "desperate bravery;" and Bill Truman told supporters in Butler that the blacks had fought "like tigers." The African Americans were fighting for their freedom, to ensure they never went
476:
The mounted guerrillas appeared in force, moving to a point between
Gardner and Ward. Gardner's men attempted to make it back to camp. When they could not, they formed a line and fired a volley into the charging cavalry. The Kansas men were badly outnumbered. A general melee ensued, in which most
468:
While the
Kansans ate, the guerrillas set a prairie fire south of the camp, driving in the skirmishers. Seaman responded by back burning to prevent the fire from reaching the camp. He sent out a scouting party, consisting of Cherokee John Six-Killer and his slaves, who had enlisted with him. The
485:
Union casualties were 8 killed (1 white officer, 6 black, 1 Cherokee) and 11 men wounded. Among the dead were
Captain A.G. Crew of Co. A.; Corp. Joseph Talbot, Privates Samuel Davis, Thomas Lane, Marlon Barber, Allen Rhodes, Henry Gash, all of Co F; and John Six-Killer of Seaman's Battalion.
450:
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of the
Kansans losses occurred. Southern cavalry who swept past Gardner found themselves hemmed in by volleys from the rest of the approaching Kansans. Gardner's detachment moved toward the advancing line, and the guerrillas were finally forced to withdraw.
464:
By
Wednesday, October 29, the Kansans' rations were running low. Runners had been sent back to Kansas requesting assistance. A foraging party was dispatched while skirmishers pushed forward to create a diversion. When the foragers returned, the men ate.
472:
Captain Ward was dispatched to their aid and could soon see the others engaged far from camp in the river bottoms. He called for the rest of the command to be brought up. In response Seaman sent his force forward on the flanks in support.
329:
Made up mostly of former slaves who had escaped from
Missouri and Arkansas, the regiment was recently trained in Kansas. They were outnumbered in the skirmish, but stood their ground and fought with "desperate bravery," as headlined by
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was established in 2012 in Bates County to preserve this area. It memorializes the actions of all the soldiers, including the eight Kansas soldiers who died in action and were buried near the
Toothman farm.
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461:. The soldiers dubbed the works, "Fort Africa." Tuesday passed with occasional skirmishing. The superior range of the Austrian muskets kept the guerrilla cavalry, with lesser arms, at bay.
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698:, The Battle of Island Mound also won "BEST SHORT" at the Harlem Film Festival in 2015. Press Release, 7 October 2015, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, accessed 22 February 2016
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The United States was not yet ready to accept black troops in the Union Army. They weren't mustered into United States service until
January 13, 1863, after the
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564:"AFFAIRS IN THE WEST.; A Negro Regiment in Action--The Battle of Island Mounds--Desperate Bravery of the Negros--Defeat of the Guerrillas--An Attempted Fraud"
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The unit's bravery attracted national attention, as some observers had doubted whether former slaves would make good soldiers. In 1863 the
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back to slavery, and they knew the guerrillas would give them no quarter, having promised to kill blacks rather than take them prisoner.
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were established. On December 13, 1864, the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers were redesignated as the 79th United States Colored Troops.
384:. Despite the uncertainty of the regiment's future as a federal military force, Kansas ensured the men were armed with a mix of good
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Finding the enemy in greater force than anticipated, the Kansans fortified the Toothman homestead and used fence rails to create
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527:(2014), a 30-minute documentary, was commissioned by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and produced by
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As the Kansans approached on Monday, October 27, the scouts identified a large party ahead as local
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The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
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Map of early African-American involvement in the Civil War, including the Skirmish at Island Mound
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Roger McKinney, "Battle of Island Mound marked first time blacks fought in Civil War combat"
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Guerrilla losses are unknown, although some Kansans at the time claimed up to 40 killed.
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serving as scouts, among them some Cherokee and blacks. The objective was to break up a
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and Captain Henry C. Seaman's 70-man battalion to proceed across the Missouri River to
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696:" “The Battle of Island Mound” wins two Emmy Awards from NATAS Mid-American Chapter"
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in 2015 for Best Historical Documentary and cinematography. It has won other awards.
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Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
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336:. This Kansas regiment was later made part of the Union Army as
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engaged in combat against Confederate forces during the war.
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Maj. B.S. Henning ordered Captain Richard G. Ward's 170-man
535:. He wrote, directed, shot and edited the film. It won two
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guerrillas under Bill Truman and Dick Hancock, as well as
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January 31, 1902, J.H. Stearns (5th Kansas Cavalry)
161:1st Kansas Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Colored)
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1391:Battles of the American Civil War in Missouri
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570:, 19 November 1862, accessed 22 February 2016
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718:Brant Hadfield, "The Battle of Island Mound"
593:, Island Mound website, accessed 12 Oct 2009
48:A woodcut depicting the battle published in
1386:African Americans in the American Civil War
730:Chris Tabor, "The Skirmish at Island Mound"
410:. They were accompanied by members of the
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712:Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site
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1381:Union victories of the American Civil War
684:A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion,
364:, made up largely of escaped slaves from
604:A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion
673:30 July 2011, accessed 23 February 2016
591:Chris Tabor, "Skirmish at Island Mound"
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318:, occurring on October 29, 1862, in
234:Operations North of Boston Mountains
773:Missouri in the American Civil War
720:, 2015, documentary film, Facebook
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738:, Animated battle map with sound.
640:"First Kansas Colored Infantry",
617:The Rebellion Record, Volume Six,
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1401:1862 in the American Civil War
378:1st Kansas Colored Volunteers.
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519:Representation in other media
352:Captain (soon to be Colonel)
724:"The Battle of Island Mound"
619:G.P. Putnam, 1863, pp. 52-54
499:United States Colored Troops
338:United States Colored Troops
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489:The action was reported in
481:Casualties and significance
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312:Skirmish at Island Mound
116:United States of America
24:Skirmish at Island Mound
797:Harney–Price Convention
792:Capture of Camp Jackson
642:Linn County Republican,
531:, a filmmaker based in
437:recruits under Colonel
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320:Bates County, Missouri
314:was a skirmish of the
134:Commanders and leaders
81:Bates County, Missouri
877:Battle of Dug Springs
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185:Casualties and losses
682:Dyer, Frederick H.,
602:Dyer, Frederick H.,
445:Siege and Engagement
435:Missouri State Guard
166:Missouri State Guard
145:Jeremiah V. Cockrell
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902:Blue Mills Landing
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671:The Joplin Globe,
606:, Part 3, p. 1186
505:Legacy and honors
354:James M. Williams
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431:Confederate
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150:Bill Truman
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958:Kirksville
948:New Madrid
806:Combatants
544:References
348:Background
252:Kirksville
192:11 wounded
68:1862-10-29
1223:Newtonia
1219:Lexington
1192:memorials
1183:Aftermath
1111:St. Louis
1101:Centralia
1004:Hartville
968:Lone Jack
867:Cole Camp
862:Boonville
827:Campaigns
533:St. Louis
416:guerrilla
404:battalion
272:Lone Jack
1298:Category
1204:Carthage
1065:Westport
1060:Big Blue
872:Carthage
397:bayonets
390:Prussian
386:Austrian
370:Arkansas
366:Missouri
358:regiment
190:8 killed
172:Strength
76:Location
1333:94°20′W
1330:38°16′N
1309:Commons
1120:Leaders
1106:Osceola
1040:Glasgow
1035:Sedalia
917:Belmont
848:Battles
780:Origins
393:muskets
94:victory
66: (
52:in 1863
1199:Athens
882:Athens
726:, IMDb
372:, and
362:Kansas
88:Result
33:of the
1153:Union
818:Union
395:with
92:Union
1023:1864
992:1863
936:1862
855:1861
510:The
388:and
310:The
180:~350
61:Date
360:in
177:250
1362::
669:,
575:^
566:,
552:^
426:.
399:.
368:,
344:.
765:e
758:t
751:v
224:e
217:t
210:v
70:)
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