757:
695:
2311:
488:
868:
933:
633:
38:
954:
1117:
1019:
716:
1063:
654:
827:
2715:
58:
889:
3502:
356:
998:
558:, breeding adults have the two central tail feathers obviously elongated, and at least some adults have white on the underparts and pale yellow on the neck. These characteristics are not shared by the larger species, all native to the Southern Hemisphere except for the great skua. Therefore, the skuas are often split into two genera, with only the smaller species retained in
496:
472:, at 1.63 kg (3.6 lb). On average, a skua is about 56 cm (22 in) long, and 121 cm (48 in) across the wings. They have longish bills with a hooked tip, and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy
394:, which comprises up to 95% of the feeding methods of wintering skuas, by chasing gulls, terns and other seabirds to steal their catches, regardless of the size of the species attacked (up to three times heavier than the attacking skua). Larger species, such as the
479:
The skuas are strong, acrobatic fliers. They are generally aggressive in disposition. Potential predators approaching their nests will be quickly attacked by the parent birds, which usually target the heads of intruders – a practice known as
437:. Skuas will also kill live penguin chicks and sick or injured adult penguins. In these areas, the skuas will often forfeit their catches to the considerably larger and very aggressive
756:
578:(inherited from the mother) is in fact more closely related to each other than it is to either Arctic or long-tailed skuas, or to the Southern Hemisphere species. Thus,
3812:
3686:
3725:
414:. Those species that breed in the southern oceans largely feed on fish that can be caught near their colonies. The eggs and chicks of other seabirds, primarily
650:
Breeds along the coasts of southern Chile and southern
Argentina, winters along the Pacific coasts of Peru and Chile as well as the Atlantic coast of Argentina
1535:
2310:
1571:
3660:
3699:
1477:
Cohen, Baker, Belchschmidt, Dittmann, Furness, Gerwin, Helbig, de Korte, Marshall, Palma, Peter, Ramli, Siebold, Willcox, Wilson and Zink (1997).
1317:
1301:
694:
1380:
1293:
1364:
3774:
574:, the overall relationship among the species is best expressed by placing all in a single genus. The pomarine and great skuas'
3704:
1287:
3712:
2714:
1564:
487:
57:
3595:
3582:
1421:
Ornithologie, ou, Méthode
Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés
1336:
3639:
1543:
1494:
3730:
3652:
1259:
1225:
456:, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. The skuas range in size from the
3501:
1557:
1416:
1070:
1005:
932:
867:
764:
702:
602:
520:
324:
and means "of dung"; the food disgorged by other birds when pursued by skuas was once thought to be excrement.
153:
37:
1264:
1230:
579:
3522:
940:
640:
270:
3761:
2607:
1140:
1093:
1042:
977:
912:
850:
739:
677:
632:
368:
20:
3600:
2854:
1478:
953:
3779:
3740:
3621:
3569:
2034:
582:
must have played a considerable role in the evolution of the diversity of
Northern Hemisphere skuas.
2894:
2362:
1937:
1738:
1398:
3560:
2790:
1684:
3348:
3099:
2566:
2437:
2086:
1797:
3306:
3220:
3089:
3079:
2627:
1974:
1695:
1673:
1463:
Forty-second supplement to the
American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds.
1056:
376:
52:
3450:
3386:
2780:
2760:
2617:
2460:
2172:
2024:
1807:
1549:
1462:
3766:
3460:
3317:
3069:
1116:
1062:
1018:
715:
3807:
3748:
3608:
3478:
2927:
2874:
2665:
2248:
1758:
1360:
1297:
875:
575:
3691:
2590:
2552:
2413:
1272:
1238:
3753:
3230:
3110:
2863:
2770:
2528:
2222:
1663:
991:
653:
524:
457:
426:
391:
277:
258:
247:
210:
170:
134:
826:
3203:
2521:
2352:
2266:
1639:
1624:
1581:
1442:
1340:
926:
810:
410:. On the breeding grounds, the three, more slender northern breeding species commonly eat
109:
45:
3802:
3647:
3634:
3574:
3418:
2403:
2389:
2286:
1985:
821:
788:
551:
355:
340:
286:
3587:
888:
3796:
2943:
2918:
2903:
2478:
2382:
2255:
2231:
2101:
712:
Breeds along the coast on
Antarctica, winters in the north Atlantic and north Pacific
446:
336:
301:
262:
176:
1529:
3427:
3369:
3355:
3251:
3237:
3018:
2954:
2683:
2672:
2542:
2505:
2487:
2448:
2275:
2129:
2118:
2094:
1994:
1821:
1773:
1186:
885:
Breeds along the coastline of the northeast
Atlantic, winters in the north Atlantic
532:
438:
162:
1219:
312:
3613:
3717:
3673:
3554:
3324:
3296:
3265:
3258:
3165:
3149:
3122:
3053:
3011:
2988:
2819:
2732:
2573:
2138:
2065:
2045:
1880:
1828:
1727:
1446:
1428:
1424:
1253:
1192:
1176:
418:, are an important food source for most skua species during the nesting season.
254:
119:
1451:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 311.
997:
3438:
3400:
3282:
3196:
3033:
2970:
2963:
2826:
2699:
2641:
2634:
2494:
2467:
2427:
2420:
2396:
2295:
2238:
2179:
2162:
2155:
2145:
2074:
1948:
1814:
1748:
1706:
1612:
1198:
571:
465:
422:
407:
395:
360:
344:
281:
3545:
950:
Breeds along the Arctic coastline, winters in tropical and subtropical oceans
3468:
3331:
3158:
2836:
2559:
2373:
2328:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2054:
2005:
1913:
1860:
1840:
1498:
555:
500:
481:
332:
328:
299:
renowned for its colony of that bird. The general
Faroese term for skuas is
69:
296:
1333:
3539:
3393:
3362:
3338:
3275:
3210:
3131:
3004:
2648:
2535:
2108:
1957:
1717:
1600:
567:
434:
306:
291:
89:
3180:
3138:
2997:
2883:
2801:
2744:
2692:
2514:
2014:
1783:
1618:
430:
415:
411:
387:
234:
185:
495:
3678:
3485:
3376:
3042:
2936:
2810:
2655:
2597:
2580:
1964:
1594:
1181:
1015:
Breeds along the Arctic coastline, winters in the southern hemisphere
399:
79:
3665:
3516:
3289:
3244:
3189:
1606:
543:
513:
494:
486:
383:
354:
321:
238:
3407:
2843:
539:
473:
453:
442:
403:
99:
3520:
2730:
2326:
1911:
1637:
1553:
554:. In the three smaller species, all nesting exclusively in the
429:) will readily scavenge carcasses at breeding colonies of both
547:
3626:
222:
1528:
225:
1399:"Scottish Wildlife Trust builds £50,000 loo on Handa"
1381:"Antarctica's Milk-Stealing, Grudge-Holding Seabirds"
219:
216:
3474:
3456:
3446:
3382:
3344:
3313:
3302:
3271:
3226:
3216:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3075:
3065:
2985:
2832:
2786:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2661:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2586:
2548:
2456:
2433:
2409:
2358:
2348:
2244:
2168:
2151:
2114:
2082:
2030:
2020:
1970:
1933:
1794:
1770:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1723:
1713:
1701:
1691:
1680:
1669:
1659:
1423:(in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.
1355:
Harrison, Colin J.O. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
3529:
3437:
3417:
3179:
3148:
3121:
3052:
3032:
2984:
2953:
2926:
2917:
2893:
2873:
2853:
2809:
2800:
2743:
2682:
2504:
2477:
2447:
2372:
2339:
2285:
2265:
2221:
2128:
2073:
2064:
2044:
2004:
1984:
1947:
1924:
1879:
1859:
1839:
1793:
1769:
1650:
1113:
Breeds in the Arctic, winters in the
Southern Ocean
441:. Skuas have also been observed to directly pilfer
406:and have been observed killing birds as large as a
213:
1252:
1218:
398:, regularly kill and eat adult seabirds, such as
382:Outside the breeding season, skuas take fish,
1565:
8:
1289:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1169:
3517:
3058:
2923:
2806:
2749:
2740:
2727:
2336:
2323:
2070:
1921:
1908:
1647:
1634:
1572:
1558:
1550:
425:region, some skua species (especially the
36:
27:
1359:. London: Merehurst Press. p. 109.
592:
1461:American Ornithologists' Union (2000).
1210:
1161:
1087:
781:
519:was introduced by the French zoologist
316:is German for "hunter". The genus name
276:The English word "skua" comes from the
3813:Taxa named by Mathurin Jacques Brisson
1539:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
1505:. International Ornithologists' Union
1350:
1348:
624:IUCN status and estimated population
464:, at 310 grams (0.68 pounds), to the
343:. They have even been sighted at the
305:
290:
7:
3741:b5a2b689-230f-421d-8f85-bc8b45088ab6
3653:41db4e98-e5e2-4389-9f21-278251e1ffb5
1292:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1273:participating institution membership
1239:participating institution membership
1318:"Non-human life form seen at Pole"
590:The genus contains seven species:
562:, and the large species placed in
14:
3500:
2713:
2309:
1448:Check-list of Birds of the World
1115:
1061:
1017:
996:
952:
931:
887:
866:
825:
755:
714:
693:
652:
631:
209:
56:
1546:on the Internet Bird Collection
1497:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
1357:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
615:Scientific name and subspecies
253:. The three smaller skuas, the
237:with seven species forming the
1:
1499:"Noddies, gulls, terns, auks"
1479:Enigmatic phylogeny of skuas.
1334:Scottish Ornithologists' Club
1180:("dung"), which is also the
327:Skuas nest on the ground in
194:
1503:World Bird List Version 9.2
491:Great skua leaving the nest
421:In the southern oceans and
3829:
476:above the upper mandible.
452:Skuas are medium to large
18:
3497:
3061:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2711:
2335:
2322:
2307:
1920:
1907:
1646:
1633:
1589:
1417:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
1286:Jobling, James A (2010).
1260:Oxford English Dictionary
1226:Oxford English Dictionary
1055:
990:
925:
863:
752:
690:
628:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
503:still present on its beak
233:are a group of predatory
191:
184:
168:
161:
53:Scientific classification
51:
44:
35:
30:
1584:and their extinct allies
1071:Stercorarius longicaudus
1006:Stercorarius parasiticus
765:Stercorarius antarcticus
703:Stercorarius maccormicki
529:Stercorarius parasiticus
521:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
470:Stercorarius antarcticus
339:, and are long-distance
246:, the only genus in the
1536:Encyclopædia Britannica
1265:Oxford University Press
1231:Oxford University Press
462:Stercorarius longicauda
375:) fighting over a dead
310:. The word "jaeger" or
1175:
1170:
941:Stercorarius pomarinus
641:Stercorarius chilensis
504:
492:
379:
311:
300:
285:
271:North American English
3762:Paleobiology Database
538:Skuas are related to
498:
490:
373:Macronectes giganteus
369:southern giant petrel
358:
295:, with the island of
21:Skua (disambiguation)
3648:Fauna Europaea (new)
1059:or long-tailed skua
566:. However, based on
499:Skua nestling, with
19:For other uses, see
1263:(Online ed.).
1229:(Online ed.).
608:
2855:Synthliboramphini
1484:264(1379):181–190.
1339:2011-07-16 at the
1057:Long-tailed jaeger
593:
505:
493:
380:
377:Antarctic fur seal
351:Biology and habits
292:[ˈskɪkvʊɹ]
3790:
3789:
3749:Open Tree of Life
3523:Taxon identifiers
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3495:
3494:
3175:
3174:
3028:
3027:
2980:
2979:
2913:
2912:
2722:
2721:
2709:
2708:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2217:
2216:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1544:Great Skua videos
1443:Peters, James Lee
1324:, 5 January 2003.
1322:The Antarctic Sun
1303:978-1-4081-2501-4
1271:(Subscription or
1237:(Subscription or
1153:
1152:
1106:
1097:
1090:S. l. longicaudus
1077:
1012:
947:
929:or pomarine skua
882:
876:Stercorarius skua
814:
801:
792:
784:S. a. antarcticus
771:
709:
691:South polar skua
647:
621:Size and ecology
606:
576:mitochondrial DNA
523:in 1760 with the
307:[ˈtʃɛkvɪ]
202:
201:
171:Larus parasiticus
157:
138:
3820:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3721:
3720:
3718:NBNSYS0000162401
3708:
3707:
3695:
3694:
3682:
3681:
3669:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3518:
3505:
3504:
3476:
3458:
3448:
3384:
3346:
3315:
3304:
3273:
3228:
3218:
3107:
3097:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3059:
2987:
2924:
2864:Synthliboramphus
2834:
2807:
2788:
2778:
2771:Hydrotherikornis
2768:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2728:
2717:
2663:
2625:
2615:
2605:
2588:
2550:
2458:
2435:
2411:
2360:
2350:
2337:
2324:
2313:
2246:
2223:Recurvirostridae
2170:
2153:
2116:
2084:
2071:
2032:
2022:
1972:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1796:
1772:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1725:
1715:
1703:
1693:
1682:
1671:
1664:Charadriisimilis
1661:
1648:
1635:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1540:
1532:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1491:
1485:
1482:Proc. Biol. Sci.
1475:
1469:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1405:. 12 March 2012.
1395:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1343:
1331:
1325:
1316:Mark Sabbatini,
1314:
1308:
1307:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1222:
1215:
1203:
1173:
1166:
1144:
1119:
1105:Løppenthin, 1932
1104:
1102:S. l. pallescens
1092:
1075:
1065:
1046:
1021:
1011:(Linnaeus, 1758)
1010:
1000:
992:Parasitic jaeger
981:
956:
946:(Temminck, 1815)
945:
935:
916:
891:
881:(Brünnich, 1764)
880:
870:
854:
829:
808:
799:
786:
778:Three subspecies
769:
759:
743:
718:
707:
697:
681:
656:
645:
635:
609:
607:– eight species
601:
570:, behavior, and
525:parasitic jaeger
458:long-tailed skua
427:south polar skua
392:kleptoparasitism
390:. Many practice
309:
294:
259:long-tailed skua
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
152:
133:
61:
60:
40:
28:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3690:
3685:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3586:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3525:
3515:
3506:
3499:
3491:
3433:
3413:
3204:Chroicocephalus
3171:
3144:
3117:
3048:
3024:
2976:
2949:
2909:
2889:
2869:
2849:
2796:
2735:
2718:
2705:
2678:
2500:
2473:
2443:
2368:
2331:
2314:
2301:
2281:
2267:Ibidorhynchidae
2261:
2213:
2124:
2060:
2040:
2000:
1980:
1943:
1916:
1895:
1875:
1855:
1835:
1789:
1765:
1642:
1640:Charadriiformes
1629:
1625:Charadriiformes
1585:
1578:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1472:
1468:117(3):847–858.
1460:
1456:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1379:
1378:
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1367:
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1353:
1346:
1341:Wayback Machine
1332:
1328:
1315:
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1079:
1078:
1074:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1016:
1009:
994:or Arctic skua
985:
979:
970:
969:
964:
963:
951:
944:
927:Pomarine jaeger
920:
914:
905:
904:
899:
898:
886:
879:
858:
852:
843:
842:
837:
836:
824:
818:
817:
806:S. a. lonnbergi
802:
797:S. a. hamiltoni
793:
780:
779:
773:
772:
768:
747:
741:
732:
731:
726:
725:
713:
706:
685:
679:
670:
669:
664:
663:
651:
646:Bonaparte, 1857
644:
588:
510:
353:
212:
208:
180:
174:
151:
132:
110:Charadriiformes
55:
46:Pomarine jaeger
24:
17:
16:Family of birds
12:
11:
5:
3826:
3824:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3794:
3788:
3787:
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3771:
3758:
3745:
3735:
3722:
3709:
3696:
3683:
3670:
3657:
3644:
3635:Fauna Europaea
3631:
3618:
3605:
3592:
3588:Stercorariidae
3579:
3575:Stercorariidae
3566:
3561:Stercorariidae
3551:
3535:
3533:
3531:Stercorariidae
3527:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3472:
3465:
3454:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3421:
3419:Stercorariidae
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3311:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3224:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2899:
2897:
2895:Brachyramphini
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2753:
2747:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2594:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2390:Hydrophasianus
2386:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2363:Scolopacimilis
2356:
2345:
2343:
2341:incertae sedis
2333:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2289:
2287:Haematopodidae
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:Pluvianellidae
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1938:Cherevychnavis
1930:
1928:
1926:incertae sedis
1918:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1801:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1752:
1742:
1739:Sarjeantopodus
1732:
1721:
1711:
1699:
1689:
1678:
1667:
1656:
1654:
1652:incertae sedis
1644:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1523:
1522:External links
1520:
1517:
1516:
1486:
1470:
1454:
1445:, ed. (1934).
1434:
1429:Vol. 6, p. 149
1408:
1390:
1372:
1365:
1344:
1326:
1309:
1302:
1278:
1244:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1143: LC
1138:
1120:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1084:Two subspecies
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1076:Vieillot, 1819
1067:
1053:
1052:
1045: LC
1040:
1022:
1013:
1002:
988:
987:
980: LC
975:
957:
948:
937:
923:
922:
915: LC
910:
892:
883:
872:
861:
860:
853: LC
848:
830:
822:Southern Ocean
819:
816:
815:
803:
794:
777:
776:
775:
774:
770:(Lesson, 1831)
761:
750:
749:
742: LC
737:
719:
710:
708:Saunders, 1893
699:
688:
687:
680: LC
675:
657:
648:
637:
626:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
587:
584:
509:
506:
365:S. antarcticus
352:
349:
337:Arctic regions
251:Stercorariidae
200:
199:
189:
188:
182:
181:
175:
166:
165:
159:
158:
144:
140:
139:
130:Stercorariidae
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
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63:
62:
49:
48:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3825:
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3597:
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3534:
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3528:
3524:
3519:
3503:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2944:Ptychoramphus
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Fraterculinae
2916:
2906:
2905:
2904:Brachyramphus
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2791:Pseudocepphus
2785:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2479:Rostratulidae
2476:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2383:Actophilornis
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2256:Recurvirostra
2253:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2232:Cladorhynchus
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2102:Hoploxypterus
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:Fluviatitavis
1679:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1425:Vol. 1, p. 56
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1366:1-85391-186-0
1362:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
999:
993:
989:
986:
983:
982:
976:
973:
967:
961:
958:
955:
949:
943:
942:
938:
936:
934:
928:
924:
921:
918:
917:
911:
908:
902:
896:
893:
890:
884:
878:
877:
873:
871:
869:
862:
859:
856:
855:
849:
846:
840:
834:
831:
828:
823:
820:
812:
807:
804:
800:(Hagen, 1952)
798:
795:
790:
785:
782:
767:
766:
762:
760:
758:
751:
748:
745:
744:
738:
735:
729:
723:
720:
717:
711:
705:
704:
700:
698:
696:
689:
686:
683:
682:
676:
673:
667:
661:
658:
655:
649:
643:
642:
638:
636:
634:
629:Chilean skua
627:
610:
604:
599:
598:
591:
585:
583:
581:
580:hybridization
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:
507:
502:
497:
489:
485:
483:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
447:elephant seal
444:
440:
439:giant petrels
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
314:
308:
304:
303:
298:
293:
289:
288:
283:
280:name for the
279:
274:
272:
268:
265:, are called
264:
263:pomarine skua
260:
256:
252:
249:
245:
244:
240:
236:
230:
207:
198:
196:
190:
187:
183:
178:
173:
172:
167:
164:
160:
155:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3530:
3484:
3477:
3467:
3459:
3449:
3428:Stercorarius
3426:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3356:Rhodostethia
3354:
3349:Pseudosterna
3347:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3305:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3264:
3257:
3252:Hydrocoloeus
3250:
3243:
3238:Gelochelidon
3236:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3164:
3157:
3137:
3130:
3109:
3100:Paractiornis
3098:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3041:
3019:Praemancalla
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2969:
2962:
2955:Fraterculini
2942:
2935:
2902:
2882:
2862:
2842:
2835:
2825:
2818:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2698:
2691:
2684:Thinocoridae
2671:
2664:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2616:
2606:
2596:
2589:
2579:
2572:
2567:Limnocryptes
2565:
2558:
2551:
2543:Coenocorypha
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:Scolopacidae
2493:
2488:Nycticryphes
2486:
2466:
2459:
2449:Pedionomidae
2438:Nupharanassa
2436:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2361:
2351:
2340:
2294:
2276:Ibidorhyncha
2274:
2254:
2247:
2237:
2230:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2161:
2154:
2144:
2137:
2130:Charadriinae
2117:
2107:
2100:
2095:Erythrogonys
2093:
2087:Dolicopterus
2085:
2053:
2033:
2023:
2013:
1995:Pluvianellus
1993:
1973:
1963:
1956:
1936:
1925:
1827:
1822:Palaeotringa
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:Graculavidae
1782:
1774:Laornithidae
1757:
1747:
1737:
1726:
1716:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1672:
1662:
1651:
1611:Infraclass:
1534:
1530:"Skua"
1507:. Retrieved
1502:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1356:
1329:
1321:
1312:
1288:
1281:
1258:
1247:
1224:
1213:
1197:
1191:
1187:stercoranism
1185:
1171:stercorārius
1164:
1147:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1101:
1089:
1069:
1060:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1004:
995:
984:
978:
971:
965:
959:
939:
930:
919:
913:
906:
900:
894:
874:
865:
857:
851:
844:
838:
832:
805:
796:
783:
763:
754:
746:
740:
733:
727:
721:
701:
692:
684:
678:
671:
665:
659:
639:
630:
612:Common name
596:
595:
589:
572:feather lice
563:
560:Stercorarius
559:
537:
533:type species
528:
517:Stercorarius
516:
511:
478:
469:
461:
451:
420:
381:
372:
364:
326:
318:Stercorarius
317:
275:
266:
250:
243:Stercorarius
242:
241:
205:
203:
192:
169:
163:Type species
148:Stercorarius
147:
146:
129:
25:
3674:iNaturalist
3555:Wikispecies
3325:Onychoprion
3307:Limicolavis
3297:Leucophaeus
3266:Ichthyaetus
3259:Hydroprogne
3221:Feducciavis
3166:Rhinoptilus
3150:Glareolinae
3123:Glareolinae
3090:Mioglareola
3080:Boutersemia
3054:Glareolidae
3012:Miomancalla
2989:Mancallinae
2628:Parvelorius
2574:Limnodromus
2139:Anarhynchus
2066:Pluvianidae
2046:Pluvianidae
1975:Genucrassum
1890:See below ↓
1870:See below ↓
1850:See below ↓
1829:Telmatornis
1728:Palintropus
1696:Jiliniornis
1674:Eupterornis
1495:Gill, Frank
1193:stercobilin
864:Great skua
753:Brown skua
482:divebombing
361:brown skuas
255:Arctic skua
3797:Categories
3451:Cerestenia
3439:Turnicidae
3401:Thalasseus
3387:Sternalara
3283:Larosterna
3197:Chlidonias
3034:Dromadidae
2971:Fratercula
2964:Cerorhinca
2781:Miocepphus
2761:Divisulcus
2700:Thinocorus
2642:Prosobonia
2635:Phalaropus
2618:Paractitis
2495:Rostratula
2468:Pedionomus
2461:Oligonomus
2428:Microparra
2421:Metopidius
2397:Irediparra
2296:Haematopus
2239:Himantopus
2180:Oreopholus
2173:Jilniornis
2163:Elseyornis
2156:Dorypaltus
2146:Charadrius
2075:Vanellinae
2025:Chionoides
1949:Burhinidae
1815:Graculavus
1808:Dakotornis
1749:Scandiavis
1707:Morsoravis
1613:Neognathae
1582:shorebirds
1580:Genera of
1385:Boston NPR
1275:required.)
1241:required.)
1156:References
564:Catharacta
466:brown skua
449:'s teats.
423:Antarctica
408:grey heron
396:great skua
345:South Pole
282:great skua
261:, and the
116:Suborder:
3469:Ortyxelos
3461:Eocliffia
3332:Pagophila
3318:Limosavis
3159:Cursorius
3111:Precursor
3070:Becassius
2837:Pinguinus
2560:Gallinago
2529:Bartramia
2374:Jacanidae
2329:Scolopaci
2208:Thinornis
2201:Pluvialis
2194:Phegornis
2187:Peltohyas
2055:Pluvianus
2006:Chionidae
1914:Charadrii
1861:Scolopaci
1841:Charadrii
1593:Kingdom:
1199:stercoral
1168:The word
556:Holarctic
531:) as the
501:egg tooth
445:from the
435:pinnipeds
333:Antarctic
329:temperate
76:Kingdom:
70:Eukaryota
3808:Seabirds
3540:Wikidata
3479:Turnipax
3394:Sternula
3363:Rynchops
3339:Phaetusa
3276:Laricola
3211:Creagrus
3132:Glareola
3005:Mancalla
2928:Aethiini
2875:Cepphini
2666:Villetus
2649:Scolopax
2598:Numenius
2536:Calidris
2522:Arenaria
2249:Kashinia
2109:Vanellus
1958:Burhinus
1759:Volgavis
1718:Nahmavis
1601:Chordata
1599:Phylum:
1595:Animalia
1419:(1760).
1403:BBC News
1337:Archived
1220:"Jaeger"
1174:is from
1094:Vieillot
568:genetics
552:skimmers
508:Taxonomy
431:penguins
416:penguins
412:lemmings
367:) and a
341:migrants
235:seabirds
177:Linnaeus
126:Family:
90:Chordata
86:Phylum:
80:Animalia
66:Domain:
3546:Q205323
3231:Gaviota
3181:Laridae
3139:Stiltia
2998:Alcodes
2884:Cepphus
2802:Alcinae
2745:Alcidae
2693:Attagis
2608:Nuntius
2591:Mirolia
2553:Elorius
2515:Actitis
2414:Janipes
2353:Hakawai
2015:Chionis
1784:Laornis
1623:Order:
1619:Neoaves
1617:Clade:
1605:Class:
1509:24 June
1466:The Auk
1387:. 2016.
1177:stercus
1129:Habitat
1031:Habitat
966:Habitat
901:Habitat
839:Habitat
813:, 1912)
811:Mathews
791:, 1831)
728:Habitat
666:Habitat
603:Brisson
586:Species
400:puffins
388:carrion
287:skúgvur
278:Faroese
267:jaegers
186:Species
154:Brisson
143:Genus:
106:Order:
96:Class:
3780:136990
3754:168297
3738:NZOR:
3705:176790
3692:101112
3486:Turnix
3377:Sterna
3043:Dromas
2937:Aethia
2811:Alcini
2656:Tringa
2581:Limosa
2404:Jacana
2119:Viator
2035:Neilus
1965:Esacus
1363:
1300:
1254:"Skua"
1202:, etc.
1182:etymon
1096:, 1819
789:Lesson
618:Range
605:, 1760
594:Genus
550:, and
544:waders
386:, and
335:, and
302:kjógvi
297:Skúvoy
257:, the
248:family
179:, 1758
156:, 1760
137:, 1871
31:Skuas
3803:Skuas
3775:WoRMS
3767:39602
3731:54049
3687:IRMNG
3679:71367
3640:10781
3370:Rissa
3290:Larus
3245:Gygis
3190:Anous
2673:Xenus
1269:
1235:
540:gulls
514:genus
454:birds
404:gulls
384:offal
322:Latin
313:Jäger
239:genus
206:skuas
3726:NCBI
3700:ITIS
3666:9347
3661:GBIF
3627:7985
3601:1433
3596:BOLD
3408:Xema
2844:Uria
2827:Alle
2820:Alca
2733:Lari
1881:Lari
1607:Aves
1511:2019
1361:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1135:Diet
1123:Size
1037:Diet
1025:Size
972:Diet
960:Size
907:Diet
895:Size
845:Diet
833:Size
734:Diet
722:Size
672:Diet
660:Size
597:Skua
548:auks
512:The
474:cere
443:milk
433:and
402:and
359:Two
204:The
195:text
193:See
135:Gray
120:Lari
100:Aves
3713:NBN
3622:EoL
3614:GNX
3609:CoL
3583:AFD
3570:ADW
1294:365
1184:of
484:'.
320:is
269:in
223:juː
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1296:.
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1027::
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226:ə
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214:ˈ
211:/
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