110:(FAA) directed a program to combat airplane hijackings. In that same year, there were numerous airplane hijackings in the United States that were planned with the ultimate aim to fly to Cuba. In response, the FAA created the title of FAA peace officer. FAA peace officers were the first people to provide armed security onboard commercial aircraft.
263:
The Irish government allows armed flight marshals from the United
Kingdom, United States, Canada, Israel, Australia and specific European Union countries onboard international flights landing from or destined for those countries in Irish airspace, once they are informed of their presence beforehand.
329:
An armed Air
Marshal program began operating in the United Kingdom in 2002, it was in response to growing threats to civilian passenger aircraft. The Metropolitan Police Service Specialist Firearms Command SO19 is tasked with operating the Aircraft Protection Operations (APO) Program, for which all
179:
as a legal basis for intervening in an incident outside of
Canadian airspace. By law, such officers are exempt from acquiring a permit for importing or exporting their duty firearms when crossing the border. However, the exact nature of their weaponry is not released to the public except they are
126:
in
December 2001. These officers are generally referred to in the media as "sky marshals". The ASO Program provides a discreet anti-hijacking capability for Australian civil aviation by putting armed security personnel on board aircraft. This involves both random and intelligence-led placement of
280:
pilots. The cockpits in all El Al aircraft have double doors to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. A code is required to access the doors, and the second door will open only after the first has closed and the person has been identified by the captain or first officer. Furthermore, there are
228:
bullets which shatter if they hit a substance that is harder than the bullet is. The application would allow their sky marshals to use these bullets to shoot, or threaten to shoot, hijackers on board aircraft, with the assurance that the aircraft itself would not suffer substantial damage.
170:
in the United States. Pilots and flight attendants are advised of their presence and the officer is authorized to physically intervene should an unauthorized person attempt to gain control of an aircraft. APOs, however, will not get involved in controlling unruly passengers. While they are
166:(CATSA), for the implementation and administration of the CACPP. The program is conducted by specially trained undercover armed RCMP officers (known as "aircraft protective officers" – APOs) on selected domestic and international flights and all flights to
1949:
1944:
184:
members of the
Canadian Forces Air Marshal Detail, are responsible for providing security to Canadian forces aircraft, crew and passengers – passengers who may include the governor general, the prime minister and members of the royal family.
758:
1103:
284:
In April 2013, the
Israeli government increased payments to El Al to secure 97.5% of the airline's security costs ahead of the Open Skies agreement to take effect in 2014 with the European Union.
857:
1853:
299:
The ASF was established in 1976 under the
Airports Security Force Act LXXVII of 1975, initially as the directorate within the Department of Civil Aviation. After the hijacking of a
889:
1424:
434:, a US Marshal and his colleague subdue Harold and Kumar after they make threats on board a plane. The plane returns to the US and the two are handed over to Federal police.
303:, sensing the contradictory requirements of security and facilitation, the ASF was separated, and, in December 1983, was placed under the folds of the Ministry of Defence.
1887:
1419:
578:
330:
UK Air
Marshals report to. The extent and size of the program is relatively unknown as few details are released to the media due to the sensitivity of the operation.
1892:
1275:
300:
922:
430:
537:
1107:
1484:
1929:
167:
163:
867:
1414:
947:
221:
1059:
776:
672:
1454:
369:
353:
212:
had an agreement with a US directive to have air marshals on all of its US-bound flights. They are recruited from India's elite commando force
827:
1180:
238:
2425:
1474:
1459:
348:
began its sky marshal program in 1968, which eventually became the FAA Federal Air
Marshal Program, in 1982; the program later became the
899:
1268:
1469:
1830:
1817:
1305:
314:
deploys sky marshals on its flights. Such members are armed with firearms loaded with special ammunition and dart-firing stun guns.
728:
372:(VIPR) system, started around 2005, federal air marshals began to patrol non-aviation sites like bus terminals and train stations.
2389:
2348:
2160:
345:
181:
107:
1912:
506:
1261:
590:
1008:
317:
Members are usually from either the air marshal unit, the security command or the special tactics and rescue (STAR) of the
2268:
1897:
740:
382:
245:
155:
72:
1479:
1439:
472:
2223:
2175:
365:
349:
339:
321:. Members have undergone extensive training to enable them to operate effectively within the confines of an aircraft.
151:
95:
87:
2430:
2278:
2140:
1919:
1409:
1335:
198:
127:
armed ASOs on flights operated by
Australian registered air carriers, on both domestic and international flights.
2420:
2135:
1737:
1514:
1340:
1325:
586:
482:
130:
Officers are armed, trained and equipped for a variety of situations on both domestic and international flights.
123:
2353:
2195:
2110:
1939:
1519:
1509:
1315:
459:
979:
2185:
2150:
2115:
2007:
1848:
1778:
1639:
1404:
1201:
477:
293:
213:
91:
80:
1085:
2310:
2273:
1825:
1577:
1172:
The United States Federal Air Marshal Service: Fifty Years of Service: a Historical Perspective, 1962–2012
368:. Currently, federal air marshal officers are under the Transportation Security Administration. Under the
318:
253:
264:
Weapons carried by an air marshal in Ireland include a concealed handgun, taser, knife and pepper spray.
2415:
2300:
2218:
2190:
2180:
1727:
1634:
1587:
1524:
1330:
76:
957:
615:
2315:
2170:
2080:
2070:
1870:
1864:
1712:
1434:
1063:
791:
680:
242:
119:
2248:
2200:
2125:
2100:
2065:
2060:
1934:
1907:
1597:
1449:
1284:
1133:
835:
150:
The Canadian Air Carrier Protection/Protective Program (CACPP) began on September 17, 2002, when a
84:
644:
2238:
1877:
1230:
894:
862:
311:
176:
44:
43:
is a covert law enforcement or counter-terrorist agent on board a commercial aircraft to counter
808:
1104:"Israel Increases El Al Security Payments To End Strike Over Open Skies Deal | The Jewish Week"
2363:
2258:
2233:
2075:
1982:
1959:
1858:
1692:
1614:
1609:
1393:
1176:
1013:
502:
405:
357:
277:
272:
Undercover agents carrying concealed firearms sit among the passengers on every international
249:
32:
2130:
2090:
1987:
1954:
1882:
1717:
1697:
1682:
1649:
1644:
1529:
1504:
1378:
1350:
952:
257:
159:
1225:
702:
2358:
2320:
2288:
2263:
2145:
2047:
2017:
2002:
1997:
1807:
1799:
1534:
1148:
417:
391:
292:
In Pakistan, armed sky marshals are deployed on all flights. Sky marshals are provided by
194:
744:
2394:
2330:
2305:
2283:
2253:
2228:
2210:
2155:
2105:
2095:
2085:
1924:
1784:
1774:
1722:
1687:
1604:
1582:
1544:
1383:
1373:
984:
2409:
2325:
2243:
2012:
1902:
1747:
1592:
1368:
1310:
1300:
452:
443:
217:
172:
2120:
2037:
2027:
2022:
1992:
1840:
1769:
1702:
1654:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1572:
1554:
1320:
401:
1128:
1035:
248:(ERU), the national police armed tactical unit, and backup may be provided by the
1170:
205:
also introduced sky marshals on some flights and stated plans to increase these.
2340:
2294:
2031:
1804:
1761:
1677:
1226:"First Synopsis for Director Jaume Collet-Serra's NON-STOP Starring Liam Neeson"
511:
422:
809:"Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence"
2384:
1732:
1539:
425:) who is accused of killing passengers while en route from New York to London.
396:
281:
reinforced steel floors separating the passenger cabin from the baggage hold.
202:
122:, the commonwealth instituted an air security officer (ASO) program under the
777:"SOR/2008-45: Export and Import Permits Act: Exemption Regulations (Persons)"
2379:
1672:
409:
225:
209:
139:
68:
1060:"CNN.com - Model for air travel security may be El Al - September 26, 2001"
17:
237:
Ireland does not have a dedicated sky marshal agency, although there is a
2055:
1789:
1707:
1564:
1358:
923:"Meet Ipsita Biswas, scientist who developed non-lethal plastic bullets"
201:
in Kandahar. Following the September 11 attacks, private operators like
1977:
1969:
1794:
1757:
1664:
1496:
1363:
1292:
649:
456:
438:
1253:
1742:
1549:
539:
How to Stop a Hijacking: Critical Thinking in Civil Aviation Security
448:
361:
352:
in January 2002 and after the handover of FAA security duties to the
162:, the authority responsible for Canadian aviation security, and the
138:
In Austria, armed air marshals have been provided since 1981 by the
1196:
505:. An article dedicated to an El Al female captain can be found at
273:
106:
The history of in-flight security began in March 1962 when the US
60:
462:
air marshals and use their sidearms to take control of the plane.
447:, terrorists aboard the fictional Transatlantic Flight 473 from
1257:
180:"deadly and effective and should not damage the aircraft". The
175:
within Canadian territories, they rely on section 6(2) of the
1086:"Flying under the eagle eyes of El Al's famed high security"
507:"With Yom Haatzmaut Festivities, a Gender Barrier Is Broken"
501:
Most, but not all, El Al's pilots are former pilots of the
553:
59:(IFSO). Sky marshals may be provided by airlines such as
1129:"ASF Sky Marshalls: Proving themselves in a man's world"
828:"Military Police train for VIP Aircraft Security Detail"
1854:
Air route authority between the United States and China
301:
Pakistan International Airlines aircraft in March 1981
554:"International In-flight Security Officer Committee"
90:(Specialist Firearms Command) from London, Pakistan
2372:
2339:
2209:
2046:
1968:
1839:
1816:
1756:
1663:
1563:
1495:
1392:
1349:
1291:
558:International In-flight Security Officer Committee
241:(NCASC). Limited capabilities are provided by the
260:(ARW) special forces unit in certain situations.
27:Covert law enforcement or counter-terrorist agent
394:is a central character in the suspense thriller
1893:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
1197:"Flight attendants hope to ground 'Flightplan'"
858:"Private airlines brace to meet hijack threats"
980:"Aer Lingus will comply with U.S. gun request"
616:"Budget 2002–2003: Counter Terrorism measures"
579:"Air Security Officers: Making our skies safe"
1269:
729:"The Canadian Air Carrier Protective Program"
431:Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay
421:, the plot revolves around a US air marshal (
197:in December 1999, following the hijacking of
30:Not to be confused with the military rank in
8:
1276:
1262:
1254:
707:Sporting Shooters Association of Australia
239:National Civil Aviation Security Committee
168:Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
164:Canadian Air Transport Security Authority
67:), or by government agencies such as the
727:Gauthier, Marc-André (3 November 2008).
1009:"Armed marshals likely on Irish planes"
790:(6): 400. 19 March 2008. Archived from
589:. July 2008. p. 34. Archived from
528:
494:
360:was shot dead by two sky marshals on a
222:Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory
948:"Brennan to reject US air marshal bid"
826:Poulin, Maj. Paule (27 January 2010).
370:Visible Intermodal Prevention Response
354:Transportation Security Administration
1054:
1052:
610:
608:
276:flight. Most El Al pilots are former
7:
946:O'Brien, Stephen (8 February 2004).
387:franchise is called the Sky Marshal.
381:The leader of the Federation in the
47:. Such an agent is also known as an
1224:Chitwood, Adam (November 8, 2012).
1149:"Armed air marshals for UK flights"
898:. 30 December 2003. Archived from
25:
1831:Environmental effects of aviation
866:. 11 October 2001. Archived from
1007:Cusack, Jim (24 November 2012).
193:Sky marshals were introduced by
2390:Aviation taxation and subsidies
2349:Aircraft maintenance technician
2161:Pre-flight safety demonstration
1036:"El Al sets security standards"
346:Federal Aviation Administration
182:Canadian Forces Military Police
108:Federal Aviation Administration
921:Sharma, Aakriti (2019-05-23).
69:Austrian Einsatzkommando Cobra
1:
2269:Flight cancellation and delay
1898:European Common Aviation Area
741:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
294:Airports Security Force (ASF)
156:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
73:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1106:. 2013-05-01. Archived from
1062:. 2007-06-24. Archived from
890:"A-I to comply with US norm"
645:"Cost row hits sky marshals"
65:sky marshals on every flight
2426:Law enforcement occupations
2224:Airline reservations system
2176:Special visual flight rules
1084:Silver, Eric (2006-08-15).
366:Miami International Airport
350:Federal Air Marshal Service
340:Federal Air Marshal Service
152:memorandum of understanding
96:Federal Air Marshal Service
64:
2447:
2279:Government contract flight
2141:Flight information service
1920:Hague Hijacking Convention
1913:EU–US Open Skies Agreement
1505:Pilot in command (Captain)
784:The Canada Gazette Part II
390:The air marshal played by
337:
199:Indian Airlines Flight 814
57:in-flight security officer
29:
2136:Flight information region
1738:Low-cost carrier terminal
1306:Airline holding companies
677:Australian Federal Police
623:Commonwealth of Australia
587:Australian Federal Police
483:Unruly aircraft passenger
473:Dawson's Field hijackings
124:Australian Federal Police
2354:Aircraft ground handling
2196:Upper information region
2111:Civil aviation authority
1940:Paris Convention of 1919
2186:Terminal control center
2151:Instrument flight rules
2008:Baggage handling system
1849:Air transport agreement
1640:In-flight entertainment
673:"Air Security Officers"
478:Infrastructure security
246:emergency response unit
224:(TBRL) were developing
214:National Security Guard
154:was signed between the
92:Airports Security Force
81:National Security Guard
2311:Round-the-world ticket
2274:Frequent-flyer program
834:. RCAF. Archived from
319:Singapore Police Force
254:Special Detective Unit
2301:Passenger name record
2219:Airline booking ploys
2191:Uncontrolled airspace
2181:Terminal control area
1818:Environmental effects
1728:International airport
1635:Crew rest compartment
1588:Premium economy class
1331:Non-scheduled airline
140:Einsatzkommando Cobra
77:German Federal Police
2171:Special use airspace
2081:Airport crash tender
2071:Aircraft safety card
1871:Cross-strait charter
1865:Bermuda II Agreement
813:Government of Canada
759:"CACPP Presentation"
376:Fictional references
120:September 11 attacks
2249:Codeshare agreement
2201:Visual flight rules
2126:Controlled airspace
2101:Area control center
2066:Air traffic service
2061:Air traffic control
1950:Sabotage Convention
1935:Montreal Convention
1908:Freedoms of the air
1598:Basic economy class
1285:Commercial aviation
1205:. 29 September 2005
1169:Clay Biles (2013).
1134:The Express Tribune
815:. 18 November 2002.
441:action horror film
118:In response to the
85:Metropolitan Police
45:aircraft hijackings
2239:Bereavement flight
1888:Chicago Convention
1878:Beijing Convention
1867:(UK–US, 1978–2008)
1861:(UK–US, 1946–1978)
1336:Passenger airlines
1090:New Zealand Herald
988:. 16 February 2011
895:The Times of India
863:The Times of India
653:. 24 December 2003
593:on 5 December 2010
509:, The Sisterhood,
312:Singapore Airlines
2431:National security
2403:
2402:
2364:Flight dispatcher
2259:Electronic ticket
2234:Airline timetable
2076:Airport authority
1983:Baggage allowance
1960:Warsaw Convention
1859:Bermuda Agreement
1693:Airport rail link
1615:Aircraft seat map
1610:Aircraft lavatory
1341:Regional airlines
1326:Low-cost airlines
1182:978-0-615-79900-1
1014:Irish Independent
797:on 21 March 2012.
503:Israeli Air Force
489:Explanatory notes
406:Erika Christensen
384:Starship Troopers
358:Rigoberto Alpizar
278:Israeli Air Force
250:counter-terrorism
33:Starship Troopers
16:(Redirected from
2438:
2421:Counterterrorism
2131:Evacuation slide
2091:Airport security
1988:Baggage carousel
1955:Tokyo Convention
1883:Cape Town Treaty
1718:Domestic airport
1698:Airport terminal
1683:Airport check-in
1645:Inflight smoking
1530:Flight attendant
1379:Vanilla Alliance
1316:Charter airlines
1278:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
956:. Archived from
953:The Sunday Times
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
823:
817:
816:
805:
799:
798:
796:
781:
773:
767:
766:
755:
749:
748:
747:on 26 June 2012.
743:. Archived from
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
683:on 29 March 2016
679:. Archived from
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
620:
612:
603:
602:
600:
598:
575:
569:
568:
566:
564:
550:
544:
543:
533:
516:
499:
258:Army Ranger Wing
177:Tokyo Convention
160:Transport Canada
21:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2368:
2359:Baggage handler
2335:
2289:Open-jaw ticket
2264:Fare basis code
2211:Airline tickets
2205:
2146:Flight recorder
2048:Aviation safety
2042:
2018:Checked baggage
2003:Baggage handler
1998:Baggage reclaim
1964:
1945:Rome Convention
1835:
1812:
1800:Travel document
1752:
1659:
1559:
1535:Flight engineer
1491:
1388:
1345:
1287:
1282:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1066:on 24 June 2007
1058:
1057:
1050:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
978:
977:
973:
963:
961:
945:
944:
940:
931:
929:
927:Hindustan Times
920:
919:
915:
905:
903:
888:
887:
883:
873:
871:
856:
855:
851:
841:
839:
825:
824:
820:
807:
806:
802:
794:
779:
775:
774:
770:
757:
756:
752:
726:
725:
721:
711:
709:
701:
700:
696:
686:
684:
671:
670:
666:
656:
654:
643:
642:
638:
628:
626:
618:
614:
613:
606:
596:
594:
585:. No. 99.
577:
576:
572:
562:
560:
552:
551:
547:
535:
534:
530:
525:
520:
519:
500:
496:
491:
469:
392:Peter Sarsgaard
378:
342:
336:
327:
309:
290:
270:
235:
195:Indian Airlines
191:
148:
136:
116:
104:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2395:Mile high club
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2331:Travel website
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Red-eye flight
2303:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2284:One-way travel
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2254:Continent pass
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2229:Airline ticket
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:Overwing exits
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Brace position
2103:
2098:
2096:Airspace class
2093:
2088:
2086:Airport police
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Hague Protocol
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1785:Departure card
1782:
1775:Border control
1772:
1766:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Airport lounge
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
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1703:Airside pass
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1630:Buy on board
1625:Airline seat
1620:Airline meal
1573:Travel class
1555:Dead mileage
1394:Trade groups
1237:December 11,
1235:. Retrieved
1229:
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1207:. Retrieved
1200:
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1153:. Retrieved
1151:. 2003-02-14
1143:
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1108:the original
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1038:. 2002-07-05
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733:RCMP Gazette
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710:. Retrieved
706:
703:"Up in arms"
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685:. Retrieved
681:the original
676:
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648:
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627:. Retrieved
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595:. Retrieved
591:the original
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563:27 September
561:. Retrieved
557:
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536:Clay Biles.
531:
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437:In the 2021
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402:Jodie Foster
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2341:Ground crew
2295:Overselling
2166:Sky marshal
2032:WorldTracer
1805:Travel visa
1762:Immigration
1678:Airline hub
1578:First class
1525:Relief crew
512:The Forward
455:kill three
423:Liam Neeson
400:, starring
356:. In 2005,
220:of India's
49:air marshal
41:sky marshal
18:Sky Marshal
2410:Categories
2385:Air travel
1733:Jet bridge
1540:Loadmaster
1209:30 January
1155:2018-09-20
1114:2022-07-07
1070:2022-07-07
1042:2022-07-07
932:2020-05-09
657:10 January
629:10 January
523:References
397:Flightplan
252:the Garda
203:Air Sahara
83:in India,
2380:Air cargo
1673:Aerodrome
1351:Alliances
842:1 January
712:1 January
687:1 January
410:Sean Bean
307:Singapore
226:frangible
210:Air India
208:In 2003,
114:Australia
2321:Tracking
2056:Air rage
1790:Passport
1779:internal
1713:Boarding
1708:Airstair
1565:Airliner
1359:Oneworld
1293:Airlines
1231:Collider
583:Platypus
467:See also
453:New York
418:Non-Stop
288:Pakistan
94:, or US
55:, or an
2316:Standby
1978:Bag tag
1970:Baggage
1795:Timatic
1758:Customs
1665:Airport
1497:Aircrew
1446:Europe
1364:SkyTeam
765:. 2004.
650:The Age
597:23 June
439:Netflix
344:The US
233:Ireland
134:Austria
102:History
1743:Runway
1650:Galley
1550:Purser
1179:
906:23 May
874:23 May
625:. 2002
457:German
449:Berlin
362:jetway
268:Israel
146:Canada
1480:AFRAA
1425:ISTAT
1420:IATAN
1202:Today
1020:3 May
992:3 May
964:3 May
795:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
739:(3).
619:(PDF)
274:El Al
189:India
158:with
61:El Al
1930:ICAO
1723:Gate
1485:RAAA
1475:AAPA
1470:AACO
1455:EBAA
1415:IATA
1410:ATAG
1239:2012
1211:2015
1177:ISBN
1022:2014
994:2014
966:2014
908:2020
876:2020
844:2013
763:APEC
714:2013
689:2013
659:2008
631:2008
599:2013
565:2021
408:and
88:MO19
51:, a
1841:Law
1460:ERA
1450:A4E
1440:RAA
1435:A4A
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