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49:
2189:, it became evident that each hijacking situation needs to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Cabin crew, now aware of the severe consequences, have a greater responsibility for maintaining control of their aircraft. Most airlines also give crew members training in self-defense tactics. Ever since the 1970s, crew are taught to be vigilant for suspicious behaviour. For example, passengers who have no carry-on luggage, or are standing next to the cockpit door with fidgety movements. There have been various incidents when crew and passengers intervened to prevent attacks: on December 22, 2001,
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1446:
1940:
1678:, drafted in 1958, established an agreement between signatories that the "state in which the aircraft is registered is competent to exercise jurisdiction over crimes committed on board that aircraft while it is in flight". While the Convention does not make hijacking an international crime, it does contain provisions which obligate the country in which a hijacked aircraft lands to restore the aircraft to its responsible owner, and allow the passengers and crew to continue their journey. The Convention came into force in December 1969.
1215:
992:
1519:
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2396:, countermeasures were focused on "traditional" hijackings. As such, there were no specific rules for handling suicide hijackings, where aircraft would be used as a weapon. Moreover, military response at the time consisted of multiple uncoordinated units, each with its own set of rules of engagement with no unified command structure. Soon after the attacks, however, new rules of engagement were introduced, authorizing the
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1624:(ICAO) issued a report on aircraft hijacking in July 1970. Beginning in 1969 until the end of June 1970, there were 118 incidents of unlawful seizure of aircraft and 14 incidents of sabotage and armed attacks against civil aviation. This involved airlines of 47 countries and more than 7,000 passengers. In this period, 96 people were killed and 57 were injured as a result of hijacking, sabotage and armed attacks.
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aircraft to its lawful commander or to preserve his control of the aircraft. 2. In the cases contemplated in the preceding paragraph, the
Contracting State in which the aircraft lands shall permit its passengers and crew to continue their journey as soon as practicable, and shall return the aircraft and its cargo to the persons lawfully entitled to possession.
2268:, the budget for the U.S. Federal Air Marshal Service was US$ 719 million in 2007. Marshals often sit as regular passengers, at the front of the plane to allow observation of the cockpit. Despite the expansion of the marshal service, they cannot be on every plane, and they rarely face a real threat on a flight. Critics have questioned the need for them.
1048:, Pletch shot Bivens twice in the back of the head. Pletch later told prosecutors, "Carl was telling me I had a natural ability and I should follow that line", adding, "I had a revolver in my pocket and without saying a word to him, I took it out of my overalls and I fired a bullet into the back of his head. He never knew what struck him." The
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introduced a reinforced cockpit door which is resistant to gunfire and forced entry. Shortly afterwards, the FAA required operators of more than 6,000 aircraft to install tougher cockpit doors by April 9, 2003. Rules were also tightened to restrict cockpit access and make it easier for pilots to lock
2033:
One of the big ironies here is the success of the 2001 attacks had nothing to do with airport security in the first place. It was a failure of national security. What the men actually exploited was a weakness in our mind-set – a set of presumptions based on decades-long track record of
2024:(TSA) to handle airport screening at U.S. airports. Government agencies around the world tightened their airport security, procedures and intelligence gathering. Until the September 11 attacks, there had never been an incident whereby a passenger aircraft was used as a weapon of mass destruction. The
937:
In modern era there are aesthetic which are not life threatening .In case of hijack threat pilot can push the guarded hidden / aesthetic bottle button that will release aesthetic gases in cabin making all unconscious....Then aircraft can safely land and hijackers nabbed.Same should be possible from
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1. When a person on board has unlawfully committed by force or threat thereof an act of interference, seizure, or other wrongful exercise of control of an aircraft in flight or when such an act is about to be committed, Contracting States shall take all appropriate measures to restore control of the
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struck down these provisions of the law, stating such preventive measures were unconstitutional and would essentially be state-sponsored murder, even if such an act would save many more lives on the ground. The main reason behind this decision was that the state would effectively be killing innocent
1728:
By 1980, airport screening and greater cooperation from the international community led to fewer successful hijackings; the number of events had significantly dropped below the 1968 level. Between 1978 and 1988, there were roughly 26 incidents of hijackings a year. A new threat emerged in the 1980s:
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The signatories agree that if there is unlawful takeover of an aircraft, or a threat of it on their territory, then they will take all necessary measures to regain or keep control over an aircraft. The captain can also disembark a suspected person on the territory of any country, where the aircraft
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are expected to exercise their best judgement and expertise when dealing with the apparent consequences of an unlawful interference or hijack. Depending on the jurisdiction, the controller will inform authorities, such as the military, who will escort the hijacked plane. Controllers are expected to
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machines, to prohibit weapons and explosive devices. These rules came into effect on
January 5, 1973, and were welcomed by most of the public. In 1974, Congress enacted a statute which provided for the death penalty for acts of aircraft piracy resulting in death. Between 1968 and 1977, there were
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During the 1990s, there was relative peace in the United States airspace as the threat of domestic hijacking was seen as a distant memory. Globally, however, hijackings still persisted. Between 1993 and 2003, the highest number of hijackings occurred in 1993 (see table below). This number can be
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expert, suggested that the development of a rebellious youth "piggybacking on to any cause which challenged the status quo or acted in support of those deemed oppressed" may have been a contributor to attacks against the aviation field. The first hijacking of a commercial flight occurred on the
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Between 1968 and 1972, there were 90 recorded transport attempts to Cuba. In contrast, there were 26 extortion attempts (see table on the right). The longest and first transcontinental (Los
Angeles, Denver, New York, Bangor, Shannon and Rome) hijacking from the US started on 31 October 1969.
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military pilot shoots down a hijacked passenger plane with 164 people on board that was heading towards a stadium filled with 70,000 people. Following the broadcast, a public vote was called for in
Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and 86.9% of viewers voted that the pilot was not guilty of
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suggested that the longer a hijacking persisted, the more likely it would end peacefully with the hijackers reaching their goal. Although total compliance is still relevant, the events of
September 11 changed this paradigm as this technique cannot prevent a murder-suicide hijacking.
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estimates there have been 15 hijackings worldwide with three fatalities. This is a considerably lower figure than in previous decades which can be attributed to greater security enhancements and awareness of
September 11–style attacks. On June 29, 2012, an attempt was made to hijack
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set and enforced a "layered" system of defense: hijacking intelligence, passenger pre-screening, checkpoint screening and on-board security. The idea was that if one layer were later to fail, another would be able stop a hijacker from boarding a plane. However, the
938:
a panel on ground to be operated by commandos when aircraft is held up by hijackers on ground.Once hijackers will know that such provision is in aircraft no one will dare attempt a highjack of aircraft.This will be a foolproof proof step and aircraft modification.
988:, the governor of the state of San Luis Potosí, ordered him to divert. Several other men were also involved, and through an interpreter, DeCelles had no choice but to comply. He was allegedly held captive for several hours under armed guard before being released.
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tools. In the U.S., these rules were enforced starting from
January 1973 and were eventually copied around the world. These security measures did make hijacking a "higher-risk proposition" and deter criminals in later decades. Until September 2001, the
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on July 16, 1948. After this incident and others in the 1950s, airlines recommended that flight crews comply with the hijackers' demands rather than risk a violent confrontation. There were also various hijacking incidents and assaults on planes in
952:
Airplane hijackings have occurred since the early days of flight. These can be classified in the following eras: 1929–1957, 1958–1979, 1980–2000 and 2001–present. Early incidents involved light planes, but this later involved passenger aircraft as
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Poland and Russia are among other countries that have had laws or directives for shooting down hijacked planes. However, in
September 2008 the Polish Constitutional Court ruled that the Polish rules were unconstitutional, and voided them.
2038:
Throughout the mid-2000s, hijackings still occurred but there were much fewer incidents and casualties. The number of incidents had been declining, even before the
September 11 attacks. One notable incident in 2006 was the hijacking of
1007:, was approached on the ground by armed revolutionaries. He refused to fly them anywhere during a 10-day standoff. Richards was informed that the revolution was successful and he could be freed in return for flying one of the men to
1054:
stated it was one of the most spectacular crimes of the 20th century. Pletch pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life in prison. However, he was released on March 1, 1957, after serving 17 years, and lived until June 2001.
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report stated that it was always assumed that a "hijacking would take the traditional form"; therefore, airline crews never had a contingency plan for a suicide-hijacking. As
Patrick Smith, an airline pilot, summarizes:
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even ran a lighthearted comedy piece called "What to Do When the Hijacker Comes". Most incidents occurred in the United States. There were two distinct types: hijackings for transportation elsewhere and hijackings for
933:
Handling of Hijackers on ground and in air....has been a big challenge.New ideas need to be explored to handle them .This may need modification in aircraft for safety against hijackers so as to make air travel safe .
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In the history of hijackings, most incidents involved planes being forced to land at a certain destination with demands. As a result, commercial airliners adopted a "total compliance" rule which taught pilots and
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In most jurisdictions of the world, aircraft hijacking is punishable by life imprisonment or a long prison sentence. In most jurisdictions where the death penalty is a legal punishment, aircraft hijacking is a
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In 1942 near Malta, two New Zealanders, a South African, and an Englishman achieved the first confirmed in-air hijack when they overpowered their captors aboard an Italian seaplane that was flying them to a
1264:
was amended to impose severe penalties for those seizing control of a commercial aircraft. Airlines could also refuse to transport passengers who were likely to cause danger. That same year, the FAA and
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or for some political or administrative concession by authorities. Various motives have driven such occurrences, such as demanding the release of certain high-profile individuals or for the right of
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issued a recommendation for airlines to ensure that at least two people, one pilot and a member of cabin crew, occupy the cockpit during flight. The FAA in the United States enforce a similar rule.
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972:
One of the first unconfirmed hijackings occurred in December 1929. J. Howard "Doc" DeCelles was flying a postal route for a Mexican firm, Transportes Aeras Transcontinentales, ferrying mail from
2404:
command tasked with protecting U.S. airspace, to shoot down hijacked commercial airliners if the plane is deemed a threat to strategic targets. In 2003, the military stated that fighter pilots
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was seized by the co-pilot and deliberately crashed, while the captain was out. The captain was unable to re-enter the cockpit, because the airline had already reinforced the cockpit door. The
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being forced to fly according to the hijacker's demands. There have also been incidents where the hijackers have overpowered the flight crew, made unauthorized entry into the cockpit and
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In a five-year period (1968–1972) the world experienced 326 hijack attempts, or one every 5.6 days. The incidents were frequent and often just an inconvenience, which resulted in
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hijackings. In years past, a hijacking meant a diversion, with hostage negotiations and standoffs. The only weapon that mattered was the intangible one: the element of surprise.
2627:
depicts a Boeing 747 carrying 400 passengers being hijacked by Algerian terrorists, and U.S. marine and Army special forces use a reconnaissance aircraft to re-take the plane.
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to comply with the hijackers' demands. Crews advise passengers to sit quietly to increase their chances of survival. The ultimate goal is to land the plane safely and let the
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1994:
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was drafted which punishes hijackers, enabling each state to prosecute a hijacker if that state does not extradite them, and to deprive them from asylum from prosecution.
851:. Individuals driven by personal gain often divert planes to destinations where they are not planning to go themselves. Some hijackers intend to use passengers or crew as
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As a result of the large number of U.S.–Cuba hijackings in the late 1960s to early 1970s, international airports introduced screening technology such as metal detectors,
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According to the FAA, in the 1960s, there were 100 attempts of hijackings involving U.S. aircraft: 77 successful and 23 unsuccessful. Recognizing the danger early, the
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1022:, was seized in the company's hangar by three men, who took a hostage. Despite having no flying experience, they managed to take off. However, the aircraft crashed in
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to other destinations started to occur; in 1961, hijackings from other destinations to Cuba became prevalent. The first happened on May 1, 1961, on a flight from
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on high-risk flights based on intelligence. Their role is to keep passengers safe, by preventing hijackings and other criminal acts committed on a plane.
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2017:(2,977 if excluding the perpetrators) perished and more than 6,000 were injured in the attacks, making the hijackings the deadliest in modern history.
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passed the Arming Pilots Against Terrorism Act, allowing pilots at U.S. airlines to carry guns in the cockpit. Since 2003, these pilots are known as
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as Sam, a talented business negotiator, who embarks on a mission to broker a peaceful end to a hijacking of his 7-hour flight from Dubai to London.
1237:
Australia was relatively untouched by the threat of hijackings until July 19, 1960. On that evening, a 22-year-old Russian man attempted to divert
5961:
2692:
is a movie entirely based on the negotiations and rescue operations done by the Indian security forces in response to a flight hijacking incident.
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2332:, which allows "direct action by armed force" against a hijacked aircraft to prevent a September 11–style attack. However, in February 2006 the
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Pluchinsky, Dennis (1982). "Political Terrorism in Western Europe: Some Themes and Variations". In Alexander, Yonah; Myers, Kenneth A. (eds.).
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1813:. The operatives escorted inmates detained for deportation to their homelands and were equipped with weapons and gloves. On 12 April 1999, six
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unaware of the aircraft's true operators and forced to land on the water. However, all on board survived to be picked up by a British boat.
867:), but sometimes a hijacking may have been affected by a failed private life or financial distress, as in the case of Aarno Lamminparras in
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issued a directive in 1970 to promote security at airports, electronic surveillance and multilateral agreements for tackling the problem.
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2229:. It is estimated that one in 10 of the 125,000 commercial pilots are trained and armed. Also in 2002, aircraft manufacturers such as
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in the U.S. are required to identify themselves before boarding a plane; marshals of other countries often are not. According to the
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Plane clothes: lack of anonymity at the Federal Air Marshal Service compromises aviation and national security: investigative report
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was bombed flying over Scotland. Terrorist activity which included hijack attempts in the Middle East were also a cause of concern.
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issued emergency rules requiring all passengers and their carry-on baggage to be screened. Airports slowly implemented walk-through
614:
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Stewart, Mark J.; Mueller, John (29 April 2008). "A risk and cost-benefit assessment of United States aviation security measures".
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Hijackers will be engaged in negotiations only to bring the incident to an end, to comfort passengers and to prevent loss of lives.
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Any attempt to hijack will be considered an act of aggression against the country and will prompt a response fit for an aggressor.
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The ICAO stated that this is not isolated to one nation or one region, but a worldwide issue to the safe growth of international
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depicted a Special Forces squad tasked with retaking a plane hijacked by Lebanese terrorists, loosely based on the hijacking of
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2657:, based on a true incident, depicts a disillusioned tire salesman who attempts to hijack a plane in 1974 and crash it into the
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On October 17, 1996, the first hijacking that was brought to an end while airborne was carried out by four operatives of the
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2661:. His attempt failed and he was mortally wounded by an airport policeman. He killed himself before police stormed the plane.
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features an opening sequence of hijacking and crashing an aircraft for the purpose of kidnapping a man and faking his death.
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is constitutionally not entitled to act in terrorism matters, as this is the duty of the state and federal police forces.
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887: – the hijackers were not satisfied and showed no inclination to surrender, resulting in the deployment of
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into the cargo bay mid-flight and fighting to seize control of the aircraft. The cargo plane is later shot down by the
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1836:. Many hostages were held for more than a year, and the last hostage was finally freed 19 months after the hijacking.
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382:
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100:
2051:, which was seized by a man named Hakan Ekinci. The aircraft, with 107 passengers and 6 crew, made distress calls to
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after crew and passengers attempted to overpower the hijackers. Authorities believe that the intended target was the
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Cockpit confidential : everything you need to know about air travel : questions, answers & reflections
1147:. The 47 prisoners overpowered the crew and gained control of the aircraft while airborne and diverted the plane to
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is a 1972 film about a crazed Vietnam War veteran hijacking an airliner, demanding to be taken to the Soviet Union.
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1990:
1966:
1943:
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1606:(PFLP) militants on 23 July, an incident which lasted 40 days, making it one of the longest. This record was later
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871:. Hijackings involving hostages have produced violent confrontations between hijackers and the authorities, during
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200:
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which put trained marshals on flights. A few years later, on May 7, 1964, the FAA adopted a rule requiring that
965:
Between 1929 and 1957, there were fewer than 20 incidents of reported hijackings worldwide; several occurred in
4983:"Bundesverfassungsgericht - Decisions - Authorisation to shoot down aircraft in the Aviation Security Act void"
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828: – and in some cases, planes have been hijacked by the official pilot or co-pilot, such as with
31:
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India published its anti-hijacking policy in August 2005. The policy came into force after approval from the
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hijacked a plane and extorted US$ 200,000 in ransom before parachuting over Oregon. He was never identified.
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which entered force on December 4, 1969. As of 2015, it has been ratified by 186 parties. Article 11 of the
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Between 1958 and 1967, there were approximately 40 hijackings worldwide. Beginning in 1958, hijackings from
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depicts the struggle of a pilot to land an aircraft and maintain control of its cockpit during a hijacking.
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Volpe, John A.; Stewart, John T. (1970). "Aircraft Hijacking: Some Domestic and International Responses".
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destroying aircraft to draw attention. For instance, terrorist groups were responsible for the bombing of
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30 years later Richards was again the victim of a failed hijacking attempt. A father and son boarded his
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was stopped when cabin crew placed a trolley in-front of the cockpit door and asked passengers for help.
2148:
found that this layered approach was flawed and unsuitable to prevent the September 11 attacks. The U.S.
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2002:
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4863:"Terror in the skies: TSA's air marshals are 'last line of defense', but is the program really needed?"
3273:
agents and police chased the plane down the runway and shot out its tires, averting the hijacking. See
2745:
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The hijacked plane will be shot down if it is deemed to become a missile heading for strategic targets.
1143:. A political group was waiting to take them to a concentration camp located in Carahuara de Carangas,
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depicts Superman saving Metropolis from a bombardier hijacked by Japanese spies during World War II.
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for intercepting and transferring a hijacked airliner between Russian and American airspace in 2013
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Countries around the world continued their efforts to tackle crimes committed on-board planes. The
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issued a directive on July 28, 1961, which prohibits unauthorized persons from carrying concealed
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Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in Airspace and Outer Space: Legal Criteria for Spatial Delimitation
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41:"Air piracy" redirects here. For the type of stock character in science fiction and fantasy, see
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1155:, as the airfield in Tartagal was not big enough. Upon landing, they told the government of the
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attempted to detonate explosives sewn into his underwear. In 2012, the attempted hijacking of
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Loy, Frank E. (1970). "Some International Approaches to Dealing With Hijacking of Aircraft".
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is a fictional story about aircraft piracy through the in-flight release of venomous snakes.
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depicts an airline security expert trapped on a passenger jet when terrorists seize control.
2595:
features a U.S. Marshals aircraft being hijacked by the maximum-security prisoners on board.
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lands, and that country must agree to it, as stated in Articles 8 and 12 of the convention.
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by an individual or a group. Dating from the earliest of hijackings, most cases involve the
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and attempted to land in India. Minhas deliberately crashed the plane into the ground near
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3646:"The US once had more than 130 hijackings in four years. Here's why they finally stopped"
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The hijacked plane will be escorted by armed fighter aircraft and will be forced to land.
2345:
4027:
Miller, John M. (2007-09-01). "Conceptualizing the Hijacking Threat to Civil Aviation".
3499:"22 October 1956 : Ben Bella, King Mohammed V and the story of the re-routed plane"
2484:) went into effect on October 14, 1971. As of 2013, the convention has 185 signatories.
2112:, involving an Egyptian man who claimed to have a bomb and ordered the plane to land in
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has since strengthened this approach, with a greater emphasis on intelligence sharing.
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where hijackers were trying to gain political asylum in Taiwan. Europe and the rest of
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440:
373:
307:
205:
140:
53:
4706:"The Avalon Project : FAA Sets New Standards for Cockpit Doors; January 11, 2002"
3073:"The US once had more than 130 hijackings in 4 years. Here's why they finally stopped"
2371:
Hijackers, if captured alive, will be put on trial, convicted, and sentenced to death.
5978:
5580:
5550:
4056:
3630:
2608:
2543:
2221:
required cockpit doors on commercial aircraft be kept locked during flight. In 2002,
2068:
1982:
1774:
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1664:
1661:
1614:
1524:
1469:
1451:
1015:
903:
500:
235:
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4651:
4186:
4148:"Recordando los 10 años del secuestro del Fokker de Avianca". Noticias ABC colombia.
3769:
3711:
3130:
2472:
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
5666:
3266:
2937:
2908:
2710:
2615:
2060:
1986:
1762:
1693:
1632:
1234:. The perpetrator, armed with a knife and gun, forced the captain to land in Cuba.
1175:
1151:. Prisoners took control of the aircraft and received instructions to again fly to
1132:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1075:
876:
805:
510:
435:
5079:
2102:
4705:
3960:
2383:
A hijacked grounded plane will not be allowed to take off under any circumstance.
1595:
on May 17, 1970, witnessed the first fatality in the course of a U.S. hijacking.
1030:
in São Paulo; it is considered to be the first hijack that took place in Brazil.
5147:
5025:
2808:
2760:
2706:
2702:
2658:
2251:
2006:
1829:
1506:
1433:
1379:
1026:, killing the four men. Apparently, the hijack was related to the events of the
981:
927:
423:
418:
322:
5781:
5696:
4294:
4178:
3355:
3254:
2822:
2814:
2790:
2779:
2769:
2752:
1704:
In the 1970s, in pursuit of their demands for Croatia's independence from the
1088:
1042:
1041:, who was teaching a man named Earnest P. "Larry" Pletch. While airborne in a
977:
919:
836:
470:
465:
428:
42:
5122:
4425:
4247:
4048:
4040:
3895:
3831:
3686:
3614:
3480:
3185:
2683:
subdue Harold and Kumar on board a plane after mistaking them for terrorists.
2337:
hostages in order to avoid a terrorist attack. The Court also ruled that the
2116:. He surrendered several hours later, after freeing the passengers and crew.
1977:. The first two planes were deliberately crashed into the Twin Towers of the
1598:
Incidents also became problematic outside of the U.S. For instance, in 1968,
1218:
World map depicting global aircraft hijacking incidents between 1958 and 1979
5511:
5204:
4895:"Unlawful Interference: Guidance for Controllers - SKYbrary Aviation Safety"
2877:
2529:
1958:
1818:
1787:
1750:
1730:
1581:
1246:
1156:
1045:
80:
3921:
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Commercial Aviation Security
3745:"You Don't Understand Captain – He has a Gun: The Hijacking of Flight 1320"
1833:
1631:. Incidents also became notorious – in 1971, a man known as
2564:, one of the film's antagonists hijacks a plane at the start of the movie.
5671:
5066:
5030:
3817:
3774:
3716:
3456:
2524:
2438:
Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft
2106:
2064:
2056:
2055:
and the plane was escorted by military aircraft before landing safely at
2048:
1955:
1794:
1231:
1000:
813:
403:
113:
5420:
5395:
5369:
5344:
5319:
5294:
5269:
5243:
3903:
3472:
2276:
There is no generic or set of rules for handling a hijacking situation.
4210:. University of North Texas Libraries/U.S. Government Printing Office.
3986:
Newton, Michael (2003). "The FBI Encyclopedia". McFarland. p. 315.
3622:
3360:
2968:
2591:
2321:
1822:
1806:
1781:
1758:
1650:
1274:
1257:
1203:
1128:
999:
The first recorded aircraft hijack took place on February 21, 1931, in
915:
852:
844:
455:
393:
61:
17:
3593:
Holden, Robert T. (1986). "The Contagiousness of Aircraft Hijacking".
1120:. The aircraft landed safely at Ingolstadt Air Base without injuries.
5686:
4451:"A brief history of airline security, hijackings and metal detectors"
2727:
2282:
2230:
2113:
2044:
1761:. Authorities believed that the goal was to crash the plane into the
1668:
1488:
1415:
1361:
1325:
856:
840:
490:
57:
2514:'s regime concerning compensation for the victims of air disasters.
2084:
a man failed to hijack a 737-200 with 103 people on board over Chad.
2063:; hijackers in one of these incidents claimed to be affiliated with
2059:, Italy. In 2007, several incidents occurred in the Middle East and
3606:
5221:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & company. p. 33.
3228:
Violence in the Skies: A History of Aircraft Hijacking and Bombing
2842:
2577:
one of the four airlines hijacked during the September 11 attacks.
2292:
2159:
2131:
2098:
1938:
1802:
1798:
1746:
1697:
1397:
1343:
1227:
1195:
1152:
1094:
990:
911:
907:
848:
809:
47:
4924:"National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States"
4567:"National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States"
4509:"Intelligence and Airport Security — Central Intelligence Agency"
4480:"National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States"
4204:"National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States"
5424:
4677:"Airbus video reveals exactly how reinforced cockpit doors work"
4622:"Hotan airport security staff cleared|Society|chinadaily.com.cn"
3432:"ASN Aircraft accident Lisunov Li-2T HA-LIG Ingolstadt Air Base"
3356:"World's First Air Hijack – Allied Aircrew's Daring 1942 Escape"
3262:
3103:
Kaappari Lamminparras: Suomen ensimmäisen konekaappauksen tarina
2507:
2256:
Some countries operate a marshal service, which puts members of
1307:
1223:
1008:
875:
and settlement. In several cases – most famously
5484:
1777:. The incident was resolved when the police stormed the plane.
1773:
religious cult, demanding the release of its imprisoned leader
1249:. The crew were able to subdue the man after a brief struggle.
1033:
On October 28, 1939, the first murder on a plane took place in
27:
Incident involving unlawful seizure of an aircraft in operation
4593:"Pilot: Here's what keeps you safe on a plane (Opinion) - CNN"
2999:
2510:
member states in 1999. It amended important provisions of the
2478:
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft
1198:
where the FLN leaders were to conference with Prime Minister
5480:
2164:
Hijacking assault simulation by South African special forces
3712:"TWA85: The world's longest and most spectacular hijacking"
1277:
doors on commercial aircraft be kept locked at all times.
3923:. Washington D.C: National Academy Press. 1996. p. 6.
2964:"Photos: Major aircraft hijackings that shocked the world"
1954:
On September 11, 2001, four airliners were hijacked by 19
1135:
was carrying 47 prisoners who were being transported from
2607:, as seen through the eyes of the chief flight attendant
5219:
Adapting Superman: essays on the transmedia man of steel
4953:"Emergency Transponder Codes - SKYbrary Aviation Safety"
4353:"Aviation Safety Network > Statistics > By period"
2603:
was a made-for-TV film based on the actual hijacking of
1950:
complex in New York City during the September 11 attacks
1757:
with 172 passengers and crew was hijacked after leaving
3261:
and tried to force him at gunpoint to fly the plane to
5476:"America's first highjacking" at A Blast From the Past
4279:(Revised and updated ed.). Naperville, Illinois.
2348:
urged judicial review of the constitutionality of the
2020:
Following the attacks, the U.S. government formed the
1202:, but French forces redirected the flight to occupied
804:, with the last term used within the special aircraft
4323:"Pilots and passengers foil hijacking of Turkish jet"
1769:
was hijacked by a man claiming to be a member of the
843:, an aircraft hijacking is not usually committed for
5857:
5831:
5800:
5774:
5738:
5717:
5646:
5568:
5518:
5295:"The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story"
4775:"EASA recommends minimum two crew in the cockpit |"
3524:"أكتوبر في تاريخ المغرب أحداث وأهوال | المعطي منجب"
3457:"Le Maroc entre la France et l'Algérie (1956–1962)"
2705:carrying a large shipment of weapons by crashing a
4652:"The US airline pilots trained to shoot hijackers"
4385:"Hijackings rare after 9/11 security improvements"
3299:"The Murderous Story of America's First Hijacking"
2320:In January 2005, a federal law came into force in
2105:in China. More recently was the 2016 hijacking of
995:Warning posters in a Central African airport, 2012
2600:The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story
1112:(registration HA-LIG), to escape from behind the
1104:, seven passengers hijacked a domestic flight of
4981:Bundesverfassungsgericht, 1 Senat (2006-02-15).
4538:"Keeping Our Skies Secure: Oversight of the TSA"
1281:Destinations desired by U.S. hijackers, 1968–72
5471:"The First Hijacking Myth" at Fortnight Journal
3405:"On This Day: First Commercial Flight Hijacked"
2996:"Air China pilot hijacks his own jet to Taiwan"
2454:
2281:keep communications to a minimum and clear the
2031:
2868:List of Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings
2738:In 2016, German television broadcast the film
2075:was hijacked by a man demanding to speak with
1753:were not immune either. On December 26, 1994,
30:"Skyjack" redirects here. For other uses, see
5496:
3965:. London: Georgetown University. p. 59.
2889:United States Department of Homeland Security
1712:hijacked several civilian airliners, such as
1604:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1260:and interfering with crew member duties. The
754:
8:
4805:"Q & A: FAA cockpit, pilot requirements"
4759:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3675:"Travel: What to Do When the Hijacker Comes"
3033:. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015
2325:
5010:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4085:"Cobra: Austria's Special Police Commandos"
2071:experienced its first terror incident when
56:being held hostage by an armed hijacker in
5503:
5489:
5481:
5111:"U.S. Practices How to Down Hijacked Jets"
5080:"US pilots train shooting civilian planes"
4307:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3198:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2364:(CCS). The main points of the policy are:
1168:French forces hijacked a Moroccan airplane
761:
747:
579:
118:
67:
4198:
4196:
3803:International Civil Aviation Organization
3230:. Summersdale Publishers LTD. p. 5.
2833:Canadian Air Transport Security Authority
2289:Legislation for downing hijacked aircraft
1622:International Civil Aviation Organization
1014:The following year, in September 1932, a
3997:On The Judiciary, The Committee (2006).
3168:A profile of the global airline industry
2909:"49 U.S. Code § 46502 – Aircraft piracy"
2398:North American Aerospace Defense Command
1838:
1279:
1213:
1018:with registration P-BDAD, registered to
216:Special-interest / Single-issue
3935:"Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976)"
2900:
2542:is based on the fictional hijacking of
1714:Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130
1206:, where the FLN leaders were arrested.
628:
593:
249:
214:
159:
79:
5808:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
5090:from the original on 11 September 2012
5003:
4889:
4887:
4752:
4542:Transportation Security Administration
4300:
4230:
4228:
3564:
3492:
3490:
3191:
3044:
2938:"Swiss confirm Ethiopian plane hijack"
2883:Transportation Security Administration
2701:the player is tasked with hijacking a
2150:Transportation Security Administration
2022:Transportation Security Administration
1701:approximately 41 hijackings per year.
1645:military plane was hijacked prior the
824: – most notably in the
564:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
4414:"Why hijackings are no longer common"
4379:
4377:
4270:
4268:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3915:
3913:
3782:from the original on 10 December 2015
3588:
3586:
3584:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
2976:from the original on 24 December 2014
2944:from the original on 18 February 2014
2352:after he signed it into law in 2005.
1593:Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320
1159:they were subjected to, and received
1123:An aircraft belonging to the airline
7:
3724:from the original on 27 October 2019
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3066:
3064:
3062:
2573:is based on the real events onboard
2549:Hijacking is a central theme in the
2408:this scenario several times a week.
1946:crashes into the south tower of the
1681:A year later, in December 1970, the
1613:As a result of the evolving threat,
1037:, US. The victim was Carl Bivens, a
5158:from the original on 26 August 2011
4071:"Einsatzkommando Cobra – EKO Cobra"
2838:Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair
2713:, requiring the player to bail out.
2506:adopted by a diplomatic meeting of
1993:. The fourth crashed in a field in
1840:Annual hijack incidents, 1993–2003
1239:Trans Australia Airlines Flight 408
5849:Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial
5813:Designated terrorist organizations
5148:"Poland to down hijacked aircraft"
5056:"India adopts tough hijack policy"
4167:Journal of Transportation Security
3838:from the original on 30 April 2011
3816:Gray, Geoffrey (21 October 2007).
3321:"The Killer Who Fell From the Sky"
2858:Federal crime in the United States
2654:The Assassination of Richard Nixon
2193:attempted to ignite explosives on
25:
5458:(German) | retrieved 20 June 2017
5026:"German court rejects hijack law"
4716:from the original on July 6, 2019
3002:. 28 October 1998. Archived from
2913:LII / Legal Information Institute
2067:. Towards the end of the decade,
1178:. The plane, which was carrying
1170:carrying leaders of the Algerian
1003:, Peru. Byron Richards, flying a
5559:
3770:"History of airliner hijackings"
3131:"History of airliner hijackings"
3027:"Plane Hijacking in Perspective"
2807:
2793:
1706:Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia
1517:
1499:
1481:
1462:
1444:
1426:
1408:
1390:
1372:
1354:
1336:
1318:
1300:
5431:from the original on 2018-08-03
5402:from the original on 2018-06-26
5376:from the original on 2018-08-03
5351:from the original on 2018-06-16
5326:from the original on 2018-07-30
5301:from the original on 2018-07-28
5276:from the original on 2018-07-13
5250:from the original on 2018-06-10
5129:from the original on 2019-07-06
5038:from the original on 2006-06-29
4993:from the original on 2019-07-06
4987:www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de
4963:from the original on 2019-07-06
4934:from the original on 2008-05-14
4905:from the original on 2019-07-06
4873:from the original on 2019-07-06
4844:from the original on 2019-07-06
4834:"Five myths about air marshals"
4815:from the original on 2019-07-06
4785:from the original on 2019-07-06
4742:from the original on 2019-07-06
4736:"How are cockpit doors locked?"
4687:from the original on 2019-07-06
4658:from the original on 2019-07-06
4632:from the original on 2019-07-06
4603:from the original on 2019-07-06
4573:from the original on 2008-09-27
4548:from the original on 2019-07-06
4490:from the original on 2019-05-26
4461:from the original on 2019-07-06
4432:from the original on 2019-07-06
4395:from the original on 2019-07-06
4363:from the original on 2019-08-24
4254:from the original on 2019-07-05
4214:from the original on 2008-05-14
4131:from the original on 2018-10-22
4101:from the original on 2022-10-09
3693:from the original on 2019-06-29
3656:from the original on 2019-06-29
3387:"The World's First Air Hijack!"
3368:from the original on 2019-12-21
3337:from the original on 2011-06-28
3137:from the original on 2019-06-28
3083:from the original on 2019-06-29
2919:from the original on 2015-11-16
2853:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2240:European Aviation Safety Agency
1985:and the third was crashed into
1737:over the Irish coast. In 1988,
3743:Swidey, Neil (20 March 2020).
3407:. 16 July 2010. Archived from
3265:hoping for a cash reward from
2873:Palestinian political violence
2722:depicts an aircraft hijacking.
2266:Congressional Research Service
2095:Tianjin Airlines Flight GS7554
1:
4734:Why, Who, What (2015-03-26).
4275:Smith, Patrick (2018-06-05).
4189:– via Springer Science.
4094:. July 2009. pp. 48–52.
3858:"Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas"
3595:American Journal of Sociology
2731:is based on the hijacking of
2362:Cabinet Committee on Security
1767:All Nippon Airways Flight 857
1190:, was destined to leave from
865:Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961
830:Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702
808:of the United States) is the
5109:Schmitt, Eric (2003-10-03).
4329:. 2008-06-22. Archived from
4327:International Herald Tribune
3860:. 2012-04-08. Archived from
3644:Nelson, Libby (2016-03-29).
3297:Dash, Mike (5 August 2015).
3071:Nelson, Libby (2016-03-29).
2334:Federal Constitutional Court
2227:Federal Flight Deck Officers
2207:Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554
2041:Turkish Airlines Flight 1476
1785:special law enforcement unit
1262:Federal Aviation Act of 1958
1028:Constitutionalist Revolution
3025:B. Raman (2 January 2000).
2863:List of aircraft hijackings
2848:Federal Air Marshal Service
2195:American Airlines Flight 63
2088:Between 2010 and 2019, the
1971:American Airlines Flight 77
1963:American Airlines Flight 11
1131:on September 26, 1956. The
1102:Hungarian People's Republic
1067:base, they were strafed by
948:List of aircraft hijackings
559:Designated terrorist groups
6021:
5541:Anti-terrorism legislation
4455:IBM IT Infrastructure Blog
3455:Essemlali, Mounya (2011).
2491:
2469:
2429:
2249:
2177:handle the situation. The
2123:
1991:Arlington County, Virginia
1967:United Airlines Flight 175
1944:United Airlines Flight 175
1932:
1671:to prevent the diversion.
1647:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
945:
898:to rescue the passengers.
728:Anti-terrorism legislation
40:
36:Skyjacker (disambiguation)
29:
5823:Islamic terrorist attacks
5730:State-sponsored terrorism
5677:Environmental destruction
5557:
5536:International conventions
5449:Terror - Ihr Urteil - ARD
4650:Amos, Owen (2018-03-26).
4236:"Summary of Final Report"
4179:10.1007/s12198-008-0013-0
3461:Relations Internationales
3166:Gourdin, Kent N. (2015).
3051:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3031:South Asia Analysis Group
2575:United Airlines Flight 93
2203:Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab
1999:Shanksville, Pennsylvania
1975:United Airlines Flight 93
1688:On December 5, 1972, the
1584:with the threat of harm.
1541:
1285:
1174:(FLN) during the ongoing
1172:National Liberation Front
822:flown them into buildings
723:International conventions
630:State-sponsored terrorism
52:Captain John Testrake of
5347:. IMDb. 26 August 1972.
5178:"Trybunał Konstytucyjny"
4041:10.1177/0734016807306152
3884:The International Lawyer
3276:"Feature: Hijack Part 1"
2536:The 1997 Hollywood film
2298:Royal Canadian Air Force
2285:for a possible landing.
1745:attributed to events in
1106:Malév Hungarian Airlines
1100:On 23 July 1956, in the
1063:. As they approached an
586:Violent non-state actors
32:Skyjack (disambiguation)
5746:Clandestine cell system
5270:"The Dark Knight Rises"
5217:Darowski, John (2021).
4928:govinfo.library.unt.edu
4484:govinfo.library.unt.edu
4121:"Terror on flight 9463"
4029:Criminal Justice Review
3818:"Unmasking D.B. Cooper"
3101:Lauri Puintila (2010).
2695:In the 2013 video game
2278:Air traffic controllers
2236:Germanwings Flight 9525
2090:Aviation Safety Network
1074:In the years following
328:Clandestine cell system
5692:Propaganda of the deed
4803:EndPlay (2015-03-26).
2459:
2452:states the following:
2326:
2312:
2217:As early as 1964, the
2165:
2036:
1951:
1755:Air France Flight 8969
1638:On August 20, 1971, a
1271:Peace Officers Program
1219:
996:
885:Air France Flight 8969
496:Propaganda of the deed
65:
5832:Memorials and museums
5203:, by Gbenga Oduntan,
4626:usa.chinadaily.com.cn
3226:Baum, Philip (2016).
2583:The Dark Knight Rises
2561:Mission: Impossible 2
2350:Luftsicherheitsgesetz
2328:Luftsicherheitsgesetz
2296:
2163:
1942:
1710:Croatian nationalists
1267:Department of Justice
1217:
1166:On October 22, 1956,
1125:Lloyd Aereo Boliviano
1097:and the Middle East.
1069:Supermarine Spitfires
1051:Chicago Daily Tribune
994:
892:police tactical units
877:Air France Flight 139
712:Response to terrorism
333:Leaderless resistance
51:
5844:Topography of Terror
5531:History of terrorism
5427:. 28 February 2014.
4001:. Diane Publishing.
3571:Kentucky Law Journal
3393:. November 14, 2003.
3303:Smithsonian Magazine
3252:Continental Airlines
2940:. 17 February 2014.
2446:international treaty
2394:September 11 attacks
2343:President of Germany
2234:the doors. In 2015,
2199:Northwest Flight 253
2187:September 11 attacks
1935:September 11 attacks
1765:. On June 21, 1995,
1735:Air India Flight 182
1731:organised terrorists
1696:, hand-searches and
1061:prisoner-of-war camp
1035:Brookfield, Missouri
881:Lufthansa Flight 181
826:September 11 attacks
151:Right-wing/Far-right
5990:Aircraft hijackings
5396:"Snakes on a Plane"
5154:. 13 January 2005.
4710:avalon.law.yale.edu
4357:aviation-safety.net
3962:Terrorism in Europe
3720:. 26 October 2019.
3522:Essa (2020-10-22).
3473:10.3917/ri.146.0077
3436:aviation-safety.net
2504:multilateral treaty
2500:Montreal Convention
2494:Montreal Convention
2488:Montreal Convention
2339:Minister of Defense
2272:Air traffic control
2246:Air marshal service
2136:explosive detection
2053:air traffic control
1995:Stonycreek Township
1841:
1817:members hijacked a
1572:creating parodies.
1542:Extortion attempts
1286:Transport attempts
1282:
1149:Tartagal, Argentina
1137:Santa Cruz, Bolivia
957:became widespread.
955:commercial aviation
733:Terrorism insurance
534:Rockets and mortars
274:Resistance movement
5985:Aircraft hijacking
5662:Aircraft hijacking
5454:2017-06-12 at the
5115:The New York Times
5086:. 3 October 2003.
5061:2011-03-14 at the
4240:The New York Times
4073:. 3 November 2013.
3778:. 3 October 2001.
2698:Grand Theft Auto V
2676:Harold and Kumar 2
2624:Executive Decision
2518:In popular culture
2313:
2166:
1979:World Trade Center
1952:
1948:World Trade Center
1839:
1640:Pakistan Air Force
1280:
1220:
1078:, Philip Baum, an
1024:São João de Meriti
997:
869:Finnair Flight 405
778:airplane hijacking
774:Aircraft hijacking
379:Aircraft hijacking
136:Left-wing/Far-left
66:
6005:Terrorism tactics
6000:Aviation security
5972:
5971:
5718:State involvement
5546:Counter-terrorism
5370:"The Delta Force"
4957:www.skybrary.aero
4899:www.skybrary.aero
4781:. 27 March 2015.
3823:New York magazine
3411:on 3 January 2012
3116:978-951-0-35501-5
2667:Snakes On a Plane
2512:Warsaw Convention
2421:International law
2309:training exercise
2302:Russian Air Force
2156:On-board security
1926:
1925:
1739:Pan Am Flight 103
1566:
1565:
1192:Palma de Mallorca
1139:, to El Alto, in
1116:, and flew it to
1080:aviation security
1039:flight instructor
986:Saturnino Cedillo
771:
770:
718:Counter-terrorism
703:
702:
461:Individual terror
282:
281:
259:Violent extremism
16:(Redirected from
6012:
5563:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5482:
5459:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5214:
5208:
5207:, 2011, pg. 118.
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5183:. Archived from
5182:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5076:
5070:
5069:, 14 August 2005
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5009:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4758:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4515:. Archived from
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4381:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4298:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4200:
4191:
4190:
4162:
4149:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4089:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4024:
4013:
4012:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3801:"News Release".
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3590:
3579:
3578:
3566:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3305:. Archived from
3294:
3288:
3287:
3282:. Archived from
3248:
3242:
3241:
3223:
3204:
3203:
3197:
3189:
3163:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3006:on 21 March 2008
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2905:
2828:Airport security
2817:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2772:original series
2749:
2733:Pan Am Flight 73
2725:The Indian film
2482:Hague Convention
2466:Hague Convention
2450:Tokyo Convention
2442:Tokyo Convention
2432:Tokyo Convention
2426:Tokyo Convention
2331:
2305:fighter aircraft
2262:Federal marshals
2213:Cockpit security
2126:Airport security
1842:
1683:Hague Convention
1676:Tokyo Convention
1600:El Al Flight 426
1570:television shows
1523:
1521:
1520:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1283:
1184:Hocine Aït Ahmed
1161:political asylum
1153:Salta, Argentina
1127:was hijacked in
889:counterterrorist
861:political asylum
763:
756:
749:
580:
553:Terrorist groups
535:
269:Militia movement
236:Green/Ecological
141:Narcotics-driven
119:
68:
21:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6009:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5853:
5839:House of Terror
5827:
5796:
5787:Reign of Terror
5770:
5734:
5725:State terrorism
5713:
5642:
5596:Ethnic violence
5564:
5555:
5514:
5509:
5467:
5462:
5456:Wayback Machine
5447:
5443:
5434:
5432:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5405:
5403:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5379:
5377:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5354:
5352:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5329:
5327:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5304:
5302:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5279:
5277:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5253:
5251:
5244:"Air Force One"
5241:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5199:
5195:
5187:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5132:
5130:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5093:
5091:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5063:Wayback Machine
5054:
5050:
5041:
5039:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4964:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4937:
4935:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4908:
4906:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4876:
4874:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4847:
4845:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4818:
4816:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4788:
4786:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4719:
4717:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4690:
4688:
4681:The Independent
4675:
4674:
4670:
4661:
4659:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4635:
4633:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4551:
4549:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4522:
4520:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4491:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4464:
4462:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4435:
4433:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4396:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4366:
4364:
4351:Ranter, Harro.
4350:
4349:
4345:
4336:
4334:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4299:
4287:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4257:
4255:
4234:
4233:
4226:
4217:
4215:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4164:
4163:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4132:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4026:
4025:
4016:
4009:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3867:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3805:. July 3, 1970.
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3694:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3592:
3591:
3582:
3568:
3567:
3542:
3533:
3531:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3503:en.yabiladi.com
3496:
3495:
3488:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3440:
3438:
3430:Ranter, Harro.
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3280:airdisaster.com
3274:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3225:
3224:
3207:
3190:
3178:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3070:
3069:
3060:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2922:
2920:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2813:
2806:
2801:Aviation portal
2799:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2743:
2641:The Delta Force
2520:
2496:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2440:, known as the
2434:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2412:Other countries
2390:
2358:
2318:
2291:
2274:
2258:law enforcement
2254:
2248:
2215:
2175:security forces
2158:
2146:9/11 Commission
2128:
2122:
2120:Countermeasures
2061:Northern Africa
2026:9/11 Commission
1937:
1931:
1726:
1694:metal detectors
1615:President Nixon
1518:
1516:
1500:
1498:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1445:
1443:
1427:
1425:
1409:
1407:
1391:
1389:
1373:
1371:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1335:
1319:
1317:
1301:
1299:
1212:
1200:Habib Bourguiba
1188:Mohamed Boudiaf
1180:Ahmed Ben Bella
1020:Nyrba do Brasil
980:and then on to
974:San Luis Potosí
963:
950:
944:
906:, including in
857:monetary ransom
802:aircraft piracy
786:plane hijacking
776:(also known as
767:
738:
737:
713:
705:
704:
699:
624:
595:State terrorism
577:
569:
568:
554:
546:
545:
544:
540:Vehicle-ramming
533:
368:
366:
349:
348:
347:
292:
284:
283:
278:
264:Ethnic violence
245:
210:
155:
116:
105:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6018:
6016:
6008:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5995:Aviation risks
5992:
5987:
5977:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5917:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5702:Suicide attack
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5657:Agro-terrorism
5653:
5651:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5629:
5620:
5615:
5613:Narcoterrorism
5610:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5466:
5465:External links
5463:
5461:
5460:
5441:
5412:
5386:
5361:
5336:
5320:"Passenger 87"
5311:
5286:
5260:
5234:
5227:
5209:
5193:
5190:on 2010-12-01.
5169:
5139:
5101:
5071:
5048:
5034:. 2006-02-15.
5017:
4973:
4944:
4915:
4883:
4854:
4825:
4795:
4766:
4726:
4697:
4683:. 2015-03-26.
4668:
4642:
4613:
4583:
4558:
4544:. 2018-09-05.
4529:
4500:
4471:
4457:. 2019-04-24.
4442:
4420:. 2016-03-30.
4405:
4373:
4343:
4314:
4286:978-1492663973
4285:
4264:
4242:. 2004-07-22.
4224:
4192:
4173:(3): 143–159.
4150:
4141:
4127:. 1999-04-28.
4112:
4076:
4062:
4035:(3): 209–232.
4014:
4008:978-1428994294
4007:
3989:
3978:
3971:
3951:
3926:
3909:
3890:(3): 444–452.
3874:
3849:
3808:
3793:
3761:
3735:
3703:
3681:. 1968-12-06.
3666:
3636:
3607:10.1086/228353
3601:(4): 874–904.
3580:
3540:
3514:
3497:Yabiladi.com.
3486:
3447:
3422:
3396:
3378:
3347:
3312:
3309:on 2015-08-07.
3289:
3286:on 2007-07-24.
3259:El Paso, Texas
3243:
3237:978-1783727902
3236:
3205:
3177:978-1606495551
3176:
3147:
3133:. 2001-10-03.
3122:
3115:
3105:(in Finnish).
3093:
3058:
3017:
2987:
2955:
2929:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2804:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2766:
2759:The 2019 film
2757:
2736:
2723:
2716:The 2014 film
2714:
2693:
2686:The 2011 film
2684:
2671:
2664:The 2006 film
2662:
2651:The 2004 film
2649:
2646:TWA Flight 847
2638:The 1986 film
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2605:TWA Flight 847
2596:
2587:
2580:The 2012 film
2578:
2567:The 2006 film
2565:
2556:
2555:movie trilogy.
2547:
2534:
2519:
2516:
2492:Main article:
2489:
2486:
2480:(known as the
2470:Main article:
2467:
2464:
2430:Main article:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2402:U.S. Air Force
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2357:
2354:
2317:
2314:
2290:
2287:
2273:
2270:
2247:
2244:
2214:
2211:
2197:. In 2009, on
2157:
2154:
2121:
2118:
2043:, flying from
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1828:, flying from
1811:Tupolev Tu-154
1725:
1722:
1718:TWA Flight 355
1629:civil aviation
1608:beaten in 1999
1602:was seized by
1564:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1368:
1367:
1364:
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1287:
1211:
1208:
1085:Cathay Pacific
1005:Ford Tri-Motor
967:Eastern Europe
962:
959:
946:Main article:
943:
940:
896:special forces
812:seizure of an
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523:Suicide attack
520:
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513:
508:
498:
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488:
483:
478:
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468:
463:
458:
456:Hostage-taking
453:
448:
443:
441:Cyberterrorism
438:
433:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
401:
391:
386:
376:
374:Agro-terrorism
370:
369:
365:
364:
361:
357:
355:
354:
351:
350:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
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320:
315:
308:Radicalization
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250:Related topics
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195:Salafi-Wahhabi
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54:TWA Flight 847
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6017:
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5947:United States
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5766:Training camp
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5551:War on Terror
5549:
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5519:Main articles
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5230:
5228:9781476642390
5224:
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4539:
4533:
4530:
4519:on 2019-07-06
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4489:
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4475:
4472:
4460:
4456:
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4419:
4418:The Economist
4415:
4409:
4406:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4344:
4333:on 2008-06-22
4332:
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4318:
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4310:
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4208:CyberCemetery
4205:
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4097:
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4092:Law and Order
4086:
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4019:
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4010:
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4000:
3993:
3990:
3982:
3979:
3974:
3972:0-7099-0728-1
3968:
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3922:
3916:
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3897:
3893:
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3878:
3875:
3864:on 2012-04-08
3863:
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3577:(2): 273–318.
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2791:
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2764:
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2758:
2754:
2751:, in which a
2750:
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2637:
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2613:
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2609:Uli Derickson
2606:
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2576:
2572:
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2548:
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2544:Air Force One
2541:
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2539:Air Force One
2535:
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2526:
2522:
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2517:
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2513:
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2411:
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2403:
2400:(NORAD), the
2399:
2395:
2392:Prior to the
2388:United States
2387:
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2379:
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2370:
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2365:
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2355:
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2323:
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2224:
2223:U.S. Congress
2220:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2134:machines and
2133:
2127:
2119:
2117:
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2100:
2096:
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2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
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2035:
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2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:Washington DC
2008:
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1996:
1992:
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1983:New York City
1980:
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1968:
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1928:
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1775:Shoko Asahara
1772:
1771:Aum Shinrikyo
1768:
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1665:Rashid Minhas
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1658:Matiur Rahman
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1525:United States
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1470:South Vietnam
1460:
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1021:
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1016:Sikorsky S-38
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983:
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949:
941:
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921:
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913:
909:
905:
904:capital crime
899:
897:
893:
890:
886:
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870:
866:
862:
858:
855:, either for
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:plane jacking
787:
783:
779:
775:
764:
759:
757:
752:
750:
745:
744:
742:
741:
734:
731:
729:
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724:
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715:
709:
708:
696:
693:
691:
690:United States
688:
686:
683:
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678:
675:
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621:
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615:United States
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584:
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451:Environmental
449:
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412:
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318:Training camp
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275:
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2087:
2037:
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2015:2,996 people
2013:. In total,
2003:U.S. Capitol
1987:The Pentagon
1953:
1929:2001–present
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1763:Eiffel Tower
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1114:Iron Curtain
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680:Saudi Arabia
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610:Soviet Union
436:Bioterrorism
399:Animal-borne
378:
5707:Palestinian
5672:Car bombing
5618:Nationalist
5601:Palestinian
5569:By ideology
5345:"Skyjacked"
5094:24 November
4591:Les Abend.
4513:www.cia.gov
3530:(in Arabic)
2980:24 December
2948:17 February
2744: [
2741:The Verdict
2735:in Karachi.
2707:crop duster
2703:cargo plane
2679:, two U.S.
2659:White House
2252:Sky marshal
2082:. In 2007,
2007:White House
1830:Bucaramanga
1826:Flight 9463
1809:, aboard a
1507:Switzerland
1434:North Korea
982:Guadalajara
928:Mississippi
920:U.S. states
873:negotiation
794:air robbery
323:Death squad
226:Suffragette
146:Nationalist
91:Definitions
5979:Categories
5958:Venezuela
5858:By country
5782:Red Terror
5775:Historical
5697:Proxy bomb
5647:Types and
5591:Right-wing
5526:Definition
5435:2018-07-01
5421:"Non-Stop"
5406:2018-07-01
5380:2018-07-01
5355:2018-07-01
5330:2018-07-01
5305:2018-07-01
5280:2018-07-01
5254:2018-07-01
5133:2019-07-06
5042:2006-06-16
4997:2019-07-06
4967:2019-07-06
4938:2019-07-06
4909:2019-07-06
4877:2019-07-06
4848:2019-07-06
4819:2019-07-06
4789:2019-07-06
4746:2019-07-06
4720:2019-07-06
4691:2019-07-06
4662:2019-07-06
4636:2019-07-06
4607:2019-07-06
4577:2008-08-11
4552:2019-07-06
4523:2019-07-06
4494:2019-07-06
4465:2019-07-06
4436:2019-07-06
4399:2019-07-06
4367:2019-07-06
4337:2019-07-06
4295:1039369001
4258:2019-07-05
4218:2019-07-05
4135:2018-10-27
3944:3 February
3868:2019-07-06
3786:8 December
3728:27 October
3697:2019-07-06
3660:2019-07-05
3534:2022-08-22
3508:2022-08-22
3441:2022-09-23
3372:2019-07-13
3341:2011-08-30
3255:Boeing 707
3141:2019-06-29
3087:2019-06-29
3037:29 January
3010:25 January
2923:2015-12-06
2896:References
2823:Air pirate
2815:Law portal
2780:Idris Elba
2753:Bundeswehr
2552:Turbulence
2250:See also:
2185:After the
2171:cabin crew
2124:See also:
2073:Flight 576
2069:AeroMexico
1959:extremists
1933:See also:
1655:Lieutenant
1547:Extortion
1089:Miss Macao
1043:Taylor Cub
918:, and the
837:carjacking
798:air piracy
782:skyjacking
620:Uzbekistan
605:Kazakhstan
471:Kidnapping
466:Insurgency
414:Improvised
241:Misogynist
43:Air pirate
5962:Sponsored
5952:Sponsored
5942:Sri Lanka
5923:Sponsored
5915:Palestine
5908:Sponsored
5904:Pakistan
5898:Sponsored
5888:Sponsored
5878:Sponsored
5868:Sponsored
5818:Incidents
5761:Lone wolf
5751:Financing
5627:Christian
5623:Religious
5586:Left-wing
5576:Communist
5512:Terrorism
5205:Routledge
5123:0362-4331
4867:USA TODAY
4838:USA TODAY
4755:cite news
4426:0013-0613
4389:USA Today
4303:cite book
4248:0362-4331
4057:146335051
4049:0734-0168
3896:0020-7810
3832:0028-7369
3687:0040-781X
3631:144772464
3615:0002-9602
3481:0335-2013
3194:cite book
3186:935736423
2878:Terrorism
2770:Apple TV+
2768:The 2023
2632:Skyjacked
2589:The film
2570:United 93
2530:Japoteurs
2523:The 1942
2307:during a
2077:President
1819:Fokker 50
1751:East Asia
1724:1980–2000
1660:attacked
1582:extortion
1247:Singapore
1210:1958–1979
1157:injustice
1046:monoplane
961:1929–1957
863:(notably
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576:Adherents
476:Lone wolf
389:Beheading
338:Lone wolf
298:Financing
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161:Religious
131:Communist
126:Anarchist
101:Incidents
81:Terrorism
5452:Archived
5429:Archived
5400:Archived
5398:. IMDb.
5374:Archived
5372:. IMDb.
5349:Archived
5324:Archived
5322:. IMDb.
5299:Archived
5297:. IMDb.
5274:Archived
5272:. IMDb.
5248:Archived
5246:. IMDb.
5162:30 March
5156:Archived
5152:BBC News
5127:Archived
5088:Archived
5084:BBC News
5067:BBC News
5059:Archived
5036:Archived
5031:BBC News
5006:cite web
4991:Archived
4961:Archived
4932:Archived
4903:Archived
4871:Archived
4842:Archived
4813:Archived
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4656:Archived
4630:Archived
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4212:Archived
4187:13317666
4129:Archived
4096:Archived
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3842:24 April
3836:Archived
3780:Archived
3775:BBC News
3754:21 March
3722:Archived
3717:BBC News
3691:Archived
3654:Archived
3415:24 March
3366:Archived
3332:Archived
3135:Archived
3081:Archived
3047:cite web
2974:Archived
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2719:Non-Stop
2525:Superman
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2406:exercise
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2080:Calderón
2065:Al-Qaeda
2057:Brindisi
2049:Istanbul
1956:Al-Qaeda
1795:Aeroflot
1782:Austrian
1577:magazine
1534:Unknown
1258:firearms
1232:Key West
1001:Arequipa
853:hostages
814:aircraft
810:unlawful
660:Pakistan
518:Stabbing
501:Shooting
343:Domestic
303:Fronting
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5884:Kuwait
5874:Israel
5682:Nuclear
5649:tactics
5632:Islamic
5625: (
5606:Zionist
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1129:Bolivia
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924:Georgia
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419:Letter
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5756:Front
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5188:(PDF)
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4053:S2CID
3900:JSTOR
3627:S2CID
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3335:(PDF)
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2748:]
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2097:from
1997:near
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1196:Tunis
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818:pilot
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