Slab hut - Knowledge

605:). The bottom of the slab was merely set into a trench. When a wall bottom plate was used, it was also mortised. Each slab was slid in at one end of these plates; on the bottom plate, an extra piece was cut out at one end of the groove to widen it and allow each slab to be fitted in: this piece was replaced after the last slab was inserted. Another method was to make a much deeper mortise in the top plate. In this case, each slab was lifted up into the deep top groove and then dropped into the bottom one. A third method was to nail planks either side of the wall plates to form a channel to hold the slabs, instead of mortising. This was a much quicker method of construction, but it required the use of sawn and dressed timber, and nails. Slabs were sometimes 930: 643: 687: 3069: 570:

length. Into these grooves were fitted the two ends of the eight-feet slabs we had split with the maul and wedges... The flooringboards... were six inches wide and one thick; timber being used so green, and the heat being so great, boards of any greater width turn up at the edges, so as in time to look like a row of spouts. The rooms were all joisted at top, and on the joists was spread a floor of bark, so as to form, over the whole top of the house, the settler's usual first rude

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wife to occupy 'That her ears should not be polluted by the worst language of the customers he ran up a partition... cutting off the slab-walled portion of the house, with its roof of stringy-bark, from the log and canvas front. He also stopped with putty the worst gaps between the slabs...' Geoffrey Hamlyn recollects 'the old slab hut' at Baroona 'now quite overwhelmed' by the new, long, low house, the result of 'dull, stupid prosperity'.

151:(or 'dab') method: posts were set in the ground; thin branches were woven and set between these posts, and clay or mud was plastered over the weave to make a solid wall. Wattle and daub walls were easily destroyed by the drenching rains of Australia's severe summer storms, and for a time, walls of timber slabs took their place. These were soon replaced by brick structures; the Sydney Cove landscape was almost denuded of useful timber. 3078: 1164: 1056: 216: 5041: 3366: 1122: 3378: 40: 5051: 5061: 835:... the least pleasing objects one meets with in this colony,' but her objections were chiefly to the poor initial construction and subsequent neglect of those dwellings. This arose, she claimed, from the high wages paid due to the shortage of labour, and therefore the idleness and drunkenness of the 'working classes'. Writing of a convict-owned and operated 574:. Squares of a couple of feet.. were left open in the wall in various places for windows... The chimneys were large, like those of old farm-houses, and, for security, had a little wall of rough stone and mortar run up inside about three feet; and in the middle of the fire-place was a large flag-stone, of a sort capable of resisting the fire, 455:. This plaster is composed of alluvial soil, mixed with a portion of cow-dung to prevent it from cracking, and with chopped grass to enable it to adhere, the coat being put on with a light spade and smoothed over with a plasterer's trowel. It is run over occasionally afterwards with the trowel to fill in the cracks; and on being quite dry, 518: 593:, exclusive of plastering. The house was thatched, had a chimney, and was divided into four compartments; and with the additional plastering, whitewashing, and fitting of doors and windows, I do not think exceeded twenty pounds... A veranda tends materially to the coolness of the habitation, by sheltering the walls from the sun... 899:

The latter, deep and wide, extended nearly across the whole of one end, and formed almost a small compartment of its own. Its dimensions, however, were but in keeping with the supply of firewood outside; and it is only in the bush districts that such fireplaces are to be seen... Two small windows gave light to the apartment.

589:... by this means a wooden house may be put up without having more than a dozen nails in its composition. I have known the frame of a house of this description, twenty-four feet long by twelve broad, with a back-skilling, or lean-to, of the same length seven feet wide attached to it, put up for the small sum of eight 712:

The walls are erected by what is known as the drop-slab-panel system - upright panels formed of three-foot slabs cut from the outside slice of tree-trunks, and dropped horizontally, one above the other, between grooved posts - a simple arrangement, quickly run up and artistic in appearance - outside,

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Sybylla Melvyn grew up in a 'comfortable, wide-veranda'ed, irregularly built slab house' in the Timlinbilly Ranges and she was educated at 'Stringybark Hill Public... a little slab school house.' Richard Mahony hurriedly renovates his goldfields house and general store, so it will be fit for his new

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stretched across in place of glass... Almost the whole of one end of the hut consisted of fireplace. The chimney was built of wood. At the bottom large stones, cemented together with clay and mud, formed a rough lining and a protection from the flames... John's present country home was as rough and

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living trees in sheets of about six feet long and from two to four feet wide, laid upon rafters composed of small sapling poles just as they came from being cut in the bush. The sheets of bark, having holes pierced through each in pairs, were then tied on the rafters with cords twisted of the inner

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A large clearing opened out on the right, and a little way back from the road-line stood a slab hut—or wharé, as it is generally called in New Zealand... A building of but one apartment... constructed entirely of split timber, but neatly put together. The roof was of iron, as was also the chimney.

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roof, and space enough for two rooms, but the partition wasn't up. The floor was earth, but Dad had a mixture of sand and fresh cow-dung with which he used to keep it level. About once every month he would put it on, and everyone had to keep outside that day till it was dry. There were no locks on

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Ten pounds will go a long way towards putting up a sod hut; a cabin of outside slabs and refuse timber from the sawmills, or a serviceable tent with timber frame and sod chimney, sufficient to protect the inmates from the weather, and afford a temporary home at all events. There is, too, one great

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of about two feet deep... in which were placed posts ten feet high, squared on the four sides with the axe... Along the ground between these... were laid ground-plates and wall-plates... having a groove of about an inch and a half wide and two inches deep mortised into the flat sides their whole

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Since a majority of early settlers had formerly been manual labourers, they brought with them a sound practical ability and aptitude for 'making do'; other settlers observed or helped those more skilled and copied their techniques. The average settler could thus erect a basic hut in two or three

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A slab hut is actually a 'slab-walled' structure. Its walls were, strictly speaking, built from 'flitches'. Slabs are sawn from a trunk, flitches are split from it. Hut-builders felled selected trees, and sawed the trunks into suitable lengths. They then split these lengths into flitches using a

476:, even wallpaper, cretonne or chintz. Mrs Aeneas Gunn describes making 'a huge mosquito-netted dining room, big enough to enclose the table and chairs, so as to ensure our meals in comfort... we hoped to find a paradise at mealtimes in comparison with the purgatory of the last few months.' 713:

a horizontally fluted surface, formed by the natural curves of the timber, and inside, flat, smooth walls. As in every third panel there was a door or a window, and as the horizontal slabs stopped within two feet of the ceiling, the building was exceedingly airy, and open on all sides.

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and other substances to bind soil particles and form their mound: this type of flooring was known as 'ant bed'. All of these substances or mixes required regular maintenance, either by watering them to re-solidify the materials, or by spreading a new layer of mixture on top.

540:. Few early settlers could afford the time, or possessed the capital, to build any dwelling more impressive than a slab hut: they had first to clear their land and get a crop planted or pasture fenced. In later years, according to the terms of their purchase, 463:

The interior might have a coating of plaster made from a variety of available ingredients: mud, clay, cow-dung. The inside face of the slabs might be whitewashed, or have newspaper pasted over them. More elaborate linings might cover the ceiling, and include

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I've bought that big block of land ten miles north of here. Shall want you to go up and manage it. Take up Tom Hardy with you. He'll look after the cattle and cook. Then those two contractor fellows will soon run you up a slab hut. A tent will do till it's

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became a popular roofing material, due to its cheapness and durability. Sometimes this was laid over the original shingles. Mrs Gunn noted that 'Great sheets of bark... were packed a foot deep above the rafters to break the heat reflected from the

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bark. The walls consisted of unplaned slabs of totara wood about six feet long, placed vertically side by side. There was no lining, and there were no flooring boards; only the hard dry clay. The window was a mere opening with a piece of white

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advantage the immigrants hampering themselves at first with only slender households, for they may very soon find it to their interest to change their place of abode, in order to secure higher wages or engage in more congenial occupations...

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were put in to keep them fast at night, and the slabs were not very close together, for we could easily see anybody coming on horseback by looking through them. Joe and I used to play at counting the stars through the cracks in the

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In time, buildings of timber slabs became a familiar feature of rural Australia. Some were public and long-lasting structures: shops, schools and churches; even substantial homesteads were built of slabs. Others were no more than

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unpretentious as it well could be. He was pursuing the wise course of putting every available penny into improvements that would bring in some profit... Time enough to build a good homestead when he had a good woolshed...

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New Zealand's European settlers also had to adapt to local circumstances, building with whatever materials were available, and employing tools of poor quality, or even none at all. Settlers tended to use the Maori word

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Floors might consist of the original ground upon which the hut was erected, but various mixtures of sand, clay, cow-dung, and similar materials were laid to make a firmer, more level, or harder-wearing indoor surface.

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Indeed, all kinds of ironwork were equally inaccessible, and instead of hinges to tie doors or window shutters, those appurtenances were all made to revolve on wooden pivots in holes, bored a short distance into the

864:. The house was relocated during her time there. Henning remarks, 'It is not much to move a slab house; all the woodwork takes down and puts up again; some of the roof may have to be new, but nothing else.' 367:

tree. The whole framing of the roof was secured as it was needed by wooden pins in order to save the expense of nails, which were then both too scarce and too dear to be used by the lower order of settlers.

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As workmanship and tools improved, the slab structure became more permanent and sophisticated, eventually to become an icon of Colonial Australia, as evocative of time and place and humble beginnings as the

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Henry Lawson commented, however, 'God forgive the man who invented galvanised iron, and the greed which introduced it into Australia: you could not get a worse roofing material for a hot country.' Lawson,

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Whether or not a slab hut was lined, inside or out, depended on the economic means, the energy and skill, and the taste of the occupants. Beyond the need for simple weatherproofing lay the desire for some

1076:(Fig. 5); the slab walls are of sawn timber, not flitches split from a trunk (Fig 2.); it uses the nailed 'channel' method of holding the slabs, not mortises; the spaces between the slabs are filled with 166:

made entirely from timber poles and large sheets of bark were easily erected, but these were often only temporary structures. Local timbers presented a fresh challenge to the European settler. Australian

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had to erect and occupy a dwelling on their land as soon as possible. On the goldfields, or timber-getting, only a temporary dwelling, produced quickly from available materials, was thought necessary.

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hut, a simple rectangular walled shelter with one door, and perhaps holes to allow air to enter. The interior spaces might later be partitioned off. To this design Australian settlers often added a

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says 'The theatre.... had few external charms. It was formed only of slabs and bark; yet the interstices of the walls being filled in with mud, and the whole of the interior whitewashed with

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at one or both ends to fit into the mortises. Each method took more time and labour, and used more material, but produced a progressively more sophisticated and permanent structure.

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Mrs Aeneas Gunn writes of the satisfaction derived from building their slab homestead, 'beginning at the beginning of things': choosing, felling and sawing their own timber. In his

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emphasizes the crudity of technique and bulkiness of the timbers. It also shows the timber fireplace and chimney. Strutt in 1856, also sketched a New Zealand settler's 'whorry'.

1248:) but another, writing in 1817 of his new slab home, noted 'My wife said that she didn't like me to call it a hut, so I made a memo, to call it a cottage.' (see Thornley 871:, Bert Facey describes his method of building a slab house for a farmer, having watched and helped others to build such structures several times during his life. 2724: 2530: 717:

In this case, too, instead of grooving the posts, a channel might be made by nailing battens either side of the uprights, and the slabs fitted inside these.

1032:, illustrations of rural towns and farms in Australian newspapers and magazines of the Colonial era often show slab huts and homes. Examples can be seen in 505:

Timber slabs might also be laid directly on the earth to form a floor. More sophisticated and permanent dwellings had properly sawn floorboards nailed onto

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were forced to build shelters using whatever skills they possessed, from whatever natural materials they could find. They tried the traditional British

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Mann's emigrant's guide to Australia : including the colonies of New South Wales, Port Philip, South Australia, Western Australia, and Moreton Bay

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strips (Fig. 5); no attempt has been made to line or clad the house (Fig. 3); it has no chimney or fireplace as part of the structure; the floor is of

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The working man's handbook to South Australia, with advice to the farmer, and detailed information for the several class of labourers and artisans.

789:, and Lawson remarks of this makeshift structure, '... the whole business reminds us of the "cubby house" style of architecture of our childhood.' 728:

had the advantage that shorter slabs (known as 'billets') of timber could be used, but more uprights had to be erected and mortised to hold these.

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were difficult to work, and tools were scarce or inadequate. Australia's colonists were forced to improvise again, and become their own craftsmen.

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Lewis 2.04.11, disputes the generality of the term 'drop-slab-system' for horizontal slabbing, and suggests that it derives from Mrs Gunn herself.

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In a letter dated 1844, a settler wrote that the word 'hut' was the preferred local usage over 'cottage', for her slab dwelling. (see Starr,

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The Australian Language: an examination of the English language and English speech as used in Australia, from convict days to the present

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would be fixed atop the slab walls, and a pitched roof erected. The dimensions of the hut would be kept small, to avoid the need for roof

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or plastered over entirely. All these measures were less to do with appearance than with preservation of the fabric of the building.

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The two preferred methods of slab hut construction differed chiefly in the placement of the wall slabs: vertically or horizontally.

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method, from the core of the trunk out towards the bark. There was neither time nor tools suitable to properly dress timber into

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with lime, plaster of Paris, or apple-tree ashes and sour milk, the latter forming a tolerable substitute for lime as whitewash.

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Australian enquiry book of household and general information : a practical guide for the cottage, villa and bush home.

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From the very beginning of European settlement in Australia, improvised methods of building construction were in use. The

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Settlers and convicts, or, Recollections of sixteen years' labour in the Australian backwoods, by an emigrant mechanic.

951: 672: 1091:, and there is no ceiling; the entire pitch of the roof forms the interior space, allowing for cooling in summer; the 720:

It is not clear which of these two methods was the more popular. Examples of each remain. The shearing shed shown in

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in the name of their agent or relatives (a 'dummy' owner), to discourage selectors by making good land hard to get.

1028:. Jolliffe also published detailed sketches of slab structures still standing, to preserve Australian heritage. In 977: 260:

were used. The fireplace may have been given a lining of stones, sometimes covered with a plaster of mud or clay.

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The split timbers are put in quite rough, and chipped all over with the axe to insure adhesion of the coat of

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satisfaction, the wish to make one's dwelling place pleasing in appearance as well as comfortable to occupy.

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When settlement moved beyond Sydney Cove, an abundance of suitable forest timber became available. Huts and

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On a low hill-side, with a clump of bush close behind, stood the rough whare. The roof was thatched with

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Nov. 1878. The slab hut depicted in this issue near Stringybark Creek was allegedly occupied by the

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were used if available. Later, when crops were grown, straw was used. For a more permanent dwelling

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The usual slab hut was built entirely from timber and bark. Australian settlers found that the most

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Archer p. 68, claims the horizontal method was more favoured; Lewis, 2.04.11 suggests the opposite.

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Harris gives eight feet for this length (Harris, Chapter V) others give ten feet. (Lewis, 2.03.3)

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Chapter XII. He also describes several other slab structures, and the problems caused by use of

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The Garden of New South Wales: a history of the Illawarra & Shoalhaven Districts 1770-1900.

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Lewis, 5.02.1. Lewis also notes the local evolution of tools suited for Australian woodworking.

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1960s sketches of Tyrrell's Vineyard in the Hunter Valley include a slab hut dating from 1858.

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were not always laid, and a ceiling was not always included. A Queensland example can be seen

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has walls of both vertical and horizontal slabs; the latter may have been a later addition.

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Notes and Sketches of New South Wales: during a residence in the colony from 1839 to 1844.

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Recollections of Bush Life in Australia during a residence of eight years in the interior.

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recommends trees ten inches in diameter as likely to be both sound, and easiest to handle.

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It varies from the traditional design in several respects. It is raised off the ground on

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p. 19 observes that such a groove would fill with rainwater; a half-groove was preferred.

348:. If a ceiling was added, it was chiefly used for storage. Slab dwellings with a second 4995: 4985: 4893: 4853: 4649: 4644: 4609: 4560: 4535: 4525: 4515: 4329: 4092: 3788: 3610: 3595: 3580: 3515: 3480: 3381: 3258: 3083: 3013: 2100: 1081: 1055: 943: 850: 847:, of which there was abundance near, it produced no despicable effect by candlelight.' 792: 537: 302: 215: 2554:'100 accurate drawings... show where some of the surviving slab buildings can be seen' 1296:

Lewis notes that by the 1840s, traveling teams of sawyers could be hired for this work

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The exterior might then be painted, using mixes of materials as diverse as skim milk,

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The Farthest Promised Land — English Villagers, New Zealand Immigrants of the 1870s.

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Sydney J. Baker states that this Australian use of 'slab' dates from 1829. Baker,

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supports Louisa Meredith's observation about poor upkeep by many hut occupants.

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An account of the state of agriculture & grazing in New South Wales (1826)

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usually show one or more slab structures; Gill even illustrated the process of

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Some log huts were built, but 'the tradition had died out in Europe'. Lewis,

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might be nailed over the gaps between slabs, or the entire exterior might be

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Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities

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Volume IV "The Earth Abideth Forever" Melbourne University Press. pp. 167–8

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Australian country houses : homesteads, farmsteads and rural retreats.

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The Inked-in Image: a social and historical survey of Australian Comic Art

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is set in or around one. A horizontal-slab shearing shed is the scene for

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resistant. The chimney, too, was often made of wood, although sometimes

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Foreword by Manning Clark. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.

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Dingle, T. "Necessity the Mother of Invention" in Troy, pp. 61–63

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The Great Australian Dream: the history of the Australian house.

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was used, the top of each slab was pushed up into the groove (a

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The basic slab hut derived its plan from the vernacular English

440: 281: 277: 201:(house), instead of 'hut', for a temporary or pioneer dwelling. 107: 27:

Kind of dwelling or shed made from slabs of split or sawn timber

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Child's model, settler's hut, 1857. Powerhouse Museum, Sydney.

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Images of works by these artists are available on-line at the

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Most slab-hut construction techniques could be described as

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A bark roof was common, and was quickly and easily erected.

38: 2639:. Angus and Robertson, Sydney. See "Starting the Selection" 2616:

Pater and Knapton. Kangaroo Press, 1984 facsimile reprint.

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Stone fireplace in slab hut, Paynes Crossing Road, Wollombi

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This slab-walled house (Fig. 1) was built in 1992, in the

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roof, while beneath it the calico ceiling was tacked up.'

2766:"The Springs Homestead and Outbuildings (listing RNE491)" 562:

described the vertical method of slab hut construction:

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The first step of its erection was digging post-holes,

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Australia's Home: its origins, builders and occupiers.

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In the Shadow of the Bush : a New Zealand romance

1235:. Examples include Cressbrook, Gracemere, The Springs. 4935:

International Federation of Building and Wood Workers

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More akin to traditional structures, the roof has no

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Angus and Robertson, Sydney. See 'In the beginning'.

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John Murray, London. Chapter II "Bush architecture"

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describes the first house his farming family built:

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Pettifer, Government Printer, Sydney. See pp xvi-ii

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See her letters of 18 October 1862; 10 August 1863.

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Holland, G. "The Comfortable House" in Troy, p. 201

493:when used as flooring material. Termites mix their 118:in Australia and New Zealand during their nations' 85: 73: 65: 57: 2750:New Zealand Heritage: Historic Black Spur Slab Hut 2189:Chapter XXXVI. "From Grave to Gay — A New Billet" 521:Slab Hut, Belle Vue Station, Glencoe, NSW c. 1898 2740:Early Settlers Homes and Bush Huts in Australia. 1947:The working man's handbook to South Australia... 2537:The Early Australian Architects and Their Work. 1200:The trees are being rapidly cleared and burned. 853:describes the construction of their slab-built 577:which constituted the hearth and baking-place. 114:. It was a common form of construction used by 5121:Wooden buildings and structures in New Zealand 2745:New Zealand Heritage: Historic Booth's Cottage 3410: 2796: 2574:Australian Building: A Cultural Investigation 2394: : Issue 36 Sept 2002. 'Slab Hut Skills' 1211:Australian Building: A Cultural Investigation 8: 5116:Wooden buildings and structures in Australia 2698:A.N.U. : Colonial Slab Hut Construction 288:huts or more permanent dwellings from clay, 32: 2658:A History of European Housing in Australia. 2387:See Chapter VI: pp. 135–140, Second Edition 2322:. See 'Rural and Backblocks humour', p. 57. 2187:Frank Melton's Luck, Or, Off to New Zealand 4592: 4121: 3645: 3417: 3403: 3395: 2803: 2789: 2781: 2544:Early slab buildings of the Sydney region. 2261:. E-453-f-011-1 Alexander Turnbull Library 2675:Ralph Rashleigh, or, The life of an exile 2470:See Volume 2, Chapter VIII. Third edition 1103:(Fig. 4). The walls are kept square by a 983:The deterioration of the hut depicted by 4925:Building and Wood Workers' International 2677:by Giacomo di Rosenberg (James Tucker). 2518:See Chapter V: 'How to Erect a Good Hut' 1318:This was to prevent 'dummying'. Wealthy 1197:A Direct North View of Sydney Cove, 1794 1002:humour of Australian cartoonists of the 958:shows the tools used to build it, while 935:Diggings in the Mount Alexander district 747:Slab-built farm buildings set the scene. 548:weeks, adding to or modifying it later. 321:, nor to season the timber; it was used 2332:Dictionary of Australian Artists Online 2299:Newcastle and Hunter Valley Sketch Book 1413: 1186: 1117: 620: 395:was found most suitable, and later the 2637:On Our Selection and Our New Selection 2029:A roughly built slabbed shearing shed. 31: 2583:Sydney : Angus & Robertson, 1446:Freeland, p. 18; Herman, pp. 5–6; 10. 7: 5060: 1903:Mann's emigrant's guide to Australia 5050: 4910:American Association of Woodturners 2770:Australia Heritage Places Inventory 2725:Kell's Hut, Kosciusko National Park 2704:"The Allan Slab Hut (entry 601934)" 2506:Pelican, 1974. See "The Primitives" 2450:Rude timber buildings in Australia. 2105:The Recollections of Geoffry Hamlyn 1686:Lewis, Miles. "Making Do" in Troy, 751:The slab hut is mentioned often in 2476:Australian Traditional Bush Crafts 2448:Cox, P., & Freeland, J. 1969. 2431:See "Settlement - Clearing Leases" 1604:Splitting Slabs for a Humpy, 1911. 1337:Australian Traditional Bush crafts 965:Interior of Settlers Hut Australia 375:corresponding parts of the frames. 25: 4940:National Wood Carvers Association 2817:designs and semi-permanent human 2730:The Pioneering of South Gippsland 2608:See 'Huts of the Working Classes' 2436:Australian Colonial Architecture. 925:In Australian and New Zealand art 775:lives in a slab hut; so does his 252:. Some of these species are also 110:made from slabs of split or sawn 5059: 5049: 5040: 5039: 4915:Architectural Woodwork Institute 3376: 3365: 3364: 3076: 3067: 2632:Chapter 13 "New Zealand – Arden" 2341:Bibliography and further reading 2259:Back settler's whorry. Jan. 1856 1162: 1148: 1134: 1120: 685: 671: 657: 641: 623: 77:Timber, bark, mud, clay, stone, 5111:Wooden buildings and structures 2434:Cox, P., & Lucas, C. 1978. 1519:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1111:, making the house in effect a 704:Mrs Aeneas Gunn wrote of their 665:Corner post of undressed timber 412:Linings, plasters and claddings 379:Thatching was less common, but 4920:British Woodworking Federation 2600:London : William Strange. 2492:Flannel Flower Press, Sydney. 2348:The Letters of Rachel Henning. 2088:The Fortunes of Richard Mahony 1845:Ant-bed as a building material 1797:The Letters of Rachel Henning, 1250:The Adventures of an Immigrant 1020:often included slab huts as a 740:Police duel with bushrangers: 1: 4930:Caricature Carvers of America 2712:. Queensland Heritage Council 2603:Meredith, Louisa Anne. 1861. 2423:Illawarra Historical Society 2363:The Trees of New South Wales. 2350:Angus and Robertson, Sydney. 2248:National Library of Australia 2236:National Library of Australia 2145:The Letters of Rachel Henning 1881:Slab hut and floor plan, 1840 1751:Lewis, 2.04.3-2.04.6; 5.03.08 1498:Slab school house, Stanthorpe 809:It was a slabbed house, with 292:, wattle and daub, or stone. 184:of an English village or the 2709:Queensland Heritage Register 2660:Cambridge University Press, 2467:Two Years in New South Wales 2272:Colonial Painters, 1788-1880 1675:Two years in New South Wales 1051:A contemporary slab dwelling 613:Vertical slab walled church 232:timbers were the Eucalypts: 2416:See "Materials and Methods" 1435:Early Australian Architects 952:splitting timber for slabs. 92:, shops, farm outbuildings. 5147: 2579:McCrae, Hugh. (ed.) 1992. 2504:Architecture in Australia. 2297:White, C.J. ('Unk') 1960. 1813:The Great Australian Dream 1799:10 August; 15 October 1863 1384:Alexander Turnbull Library 1034:The Australasian Sketcher, 976:, Frances Mary Hodges and 219:Rear of slab hut, Wollombi 5035: 4945:Society of Wood Engravers 4124: 3360: 3065: 2561:Lansdowne Press, Sydney. 2478:. Adelaide, Rigby, 1984. 2274:Lansdowne, Dee Why West. 2222:NZ Electronic Text Centre 2206:NZ Electronic Text Centre 2191:NZ Electronic Text Centre 1935:Selector's Hut, Gippsland 1811:p. 162. Cited in Archer, 1553:Termite resistant timbers 1422:Architecture in Australia 1396:The Australasian Sketcher 1265:Chapter IV: 3 'Dwellings' 1233:Australian Country Houses 1107:, reached by an internal 956:sketch of a settler's hut 892:In the Shadow of the Bush 875:In New Zealand literature 743:The Australasian Sketcher 722:this illustration c. 1890 61:Australia and New Zealand 37: 3054:Wigwam, wickiup and wetu 2542:Kingston, Daphne. 1985. 2346:Adams, David. ed. 1986. 2083:Richardson, Henry Handel 2048:29 February 2012 at the 1850:16 February 2011 at the 1778:Cunningham, Chapter VIII 1567:Chapter V; Lewis, 4.06.4 1487:Butcher shop, Tambaroora 732:In Australian literature 693:Battens nailed over gaps 679:Saw-marks in corner post 126:Huts, humpies and hovels 5131:Vernacular architecture 3347:Vernacular architecture 2683:Wilkinson, G. B. 1849. 2523:Haygarth, Henry William 2397:Baker, Sidney J. 1966. 2382:Atkinson, James. 1844. 2372:HarperCollins, Pymble. 2061:Franklin, Miles. 1946. 1809:The Australian Enquirer 1276:Australian Enquiry Book 1263:The Australian Language 513:Design and construction 192:The New Zealand settler 5101:Housing in New Zealand 5022:Frameless construction 4103:Wood-plastic composite 2644:Pioneering New England 2535:Herman, Morton. 1954. 2502:Freeland, J. M. 1974. 2392:Australian Wood Review 2361:Anderson, R. H. 1956. 2314:Hutchinson, Richmond. 2301:Rigby, Adelaide. p. 26 2216:Harry B. Vogel, 1898. 1916:A History of Australia 1246:Pioneering New England 1062: 939: 922: 901: 889: 821: 748: 715: 595: 579: 522: 461: 377: 220: 208: 159: 131:The Australian settler 43: 2874:Clochán (beehive hut) 2687:London : Murray. 2656:Troy, P. (ed.) 2000. 2185:Thomas Cottle, 1891. 2157:We of the Never-Never 2065:Angus and Robertson. 2003:We of the Never-Never 1975:Cunningham, pp. 162–3 1871:Lewis, 2.03.4; 4.06.2 1824:We of the Never-Never 1722:We of the Never-Never 1565:Settlers and Convicts 1457:Rude Timber Buildings 1058: 974:John Barr Clark Hoyte 932: 908: 896: 884: 807: 739: 726:The horizontal method 710: 587: 564: 520: 449: 357: 352:were almost unknown. 218: 203: 157: 42: 5096:Housing in Australia 4950:Timber Framers Guild 3804:Australian Blackwood 2919:Icelandic turf house 2826:Traditional immobile 2755:Cressbrook Homestead 2635:Rudd, Steele. 1954. 2581:Georgiana's Journal. 2571:Lewis, Miles. 2006. 2557:Lucas, Clive. 1987. 2490:The Australian Home. 2474:Edwards, Ron. 1984. 2408:Pelican, Melbourne. 2368:Archer, John. 1996. 2233:Mr. Cowell's farm... 1710:Early Slab Buildings 1543:Cox, 1969. pp. 26–32 1177:Notes and references 1115:structure (Fig. 3). 1069:of New South Wales. 829:Louisa Anne Meredith 783:A Day on a Selection 700:Horizontal slab wall 4670:Hammer-headed tenon 4189:Janka hardness test 2760:Gracemere Homestead 2642:Starr, Joan. 1978. 2452:Thames and Hudson. 2404:Boyd, Robin. 1968. 2310:Lindesay, V. 1980. 2168:Facey, Bert. 1990. 2063:My Career Goes Bung 2041:My Brilliant Career 2005:, Chapter Thirteen. 1892:Cox, 1978. pp. 8–11 1322:bought up multiple 1099:and filled in with 937:of Victoria in 1852 880:Frank Melton's Luck 651:to fit bottom plate 309:. Timber was split 46:Original Slab Hut, 34: 3531:Japanese carpentry 3352:Village des Bories 3094:Traditional mobile 2594:Mann, Robert James 2510:Harris, Alexander. 2488:Evans, Ian. 1983. 2419:Cousins, A. 1994. 2401:Currawong, Sydney. 2283:The Buffalo Ranges 2270:Gleeson, J. 1976. 2133:Notes and Sketches 2109:Project Gutenberg. 2052:Project Gutenberg. 1063: 985:Nicholas Chevalier 960:John Skinner Prout 942:The landscapes of 940: 749: 706:Northern Territory 632:St Matthews Church 555:Vertical slab wall 523: 399:. In later years, 391:would be cut. The 329:Roofs and ceilings 221: 188:of Early America. 160: 44: 5073: 5072: 5027:Green woodworking 4884:Wood preservation 4812: 4811: 4715:Tongue and groove 4695:Mortise and tenon 4584: 4583: 4282:Warrington hammer 4111: 4110: 3799:African Blackwood 3591:Segmented turning 3392: 3391: 3292:Cabanes du Breuil 2646:Adelaide, Rigby. 2627:Rollo D. Arnold: 2612:Rawson, L. 1894. 2257:Strutt, William. 2201:John Bell, 1899. 2120:Our New Selection 1966:Harris, Chapter V 1914:Clarke, C. M. H. 1699:Cox, 1969. p. 59. 1468:Cox, 1969. p. 51. 1372:unseasoned timber 978:Charles Blomfield 954:William Strutt's 803:Our New Selection 393:cabbage tree palm 143:were scarce. The 96: 95: 16:(Redirected from 5138: 5063: 5062: 5053: 5052: 5043: 5042: 4593: 4262:Thickness planer 4122: 3916:(lime, basswood) 3646: 3506:Chainsaw carving 3419: 3412: 3405: 3396: 3380: 3368: 3367: 3302:Earth sheltering 3086: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3071: 2805: 2798: 2791: 2782: 2777: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2546:Kangaroo Press. 2334: 2329: 2323: 2308: 2302: 2295: 2289: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2229: 2223: 2213: 2207: 2198: 2192: 2182: 2176: 2170:A Fortunate Life 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2147:18 October 1862. 2142: 2136: 2129: 2123: 2116: 2110: 2101:Kingsley, Henry. 2098: 2092: 2080: 2074: 2059: 2053: 2037: 2031: 2026: 2020: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1993:Cox, 1978. p. 47 1991: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1973: 1967: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1932: 1926: 1912: 1906: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1854: 1842: 1836: 1835:Cox, 1969. p. 50 1833: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1760:Cox, 1969. p. 49 1758: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1691: 1688:European Housing 1684: 1678: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1624:Cox, 1969, p. 47 1622: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1587: 1581: 1578:Typha orientalis 1574: 1568: 1561: 1555: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1515: 1509: 1508:Cox, 1969. p. 47 1506: 1500: 1495: 1489: 1484: 1478: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1453: 1447: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1425: 1418: 1402: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1346: 1340: 1333: 1327: 1316: 1310: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1272: 1266: 1259: 1253: 1242: 1236: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1214: 1207: 1201: 1193:See for example 1191: 1166: 1152: 1138: 1124: 1109:spiral staircase 1095:are framed with 1012:, Percy Leason, 970:William Swainson 869:A Fortunate Life 831:considered such 793:Miles Franklin's 778:Bush Undertaker, 689: 675: 661: 645: 627: 583:Peter Cunningham 560:Alexander Harris 268:Settlers used a 182:thatched cottage 35: 21: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5136: 5135: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5031: 5017:Frame and panel 5005: 4954: 4898: 4808: 4767:Surface piecing 4762: 4719: 4640:Crown of thorns 4580: 4566:Smoothing plane 4472: 4359: 4301: 4204:Milling machine 4107: 4068:Cross-laminated 4054: 3725: 3635: 3606:Spindle turning 3596:Shingle weaving 3566:Pallet crafting 3459: 3428: 3423: 3393: 3388: 3356: 3317:Skellig Michael 3297:Circular linhay 3280: 3264:Alpine club hut 3190: 3137: 3089: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3063: 3019:Sassi di Matera 2959:Musgum mud huts 2821: 2809: 2764: 2715: 2713: 2702: 2694: 2343: 2338: 2337: 2330: 2326: 2309: 2305: 2296: 2292: 2269: 2265: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2230: 2226: 2214: 2210: 2199: 2195: 2183: 2179: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2139: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2113: 2099: 2095: 2081: 2077: 2060: 2056: 2050:Wayback Machine 2038: 2034: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1929: 1913: 1909: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1852:Wayback Machine 1843: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1822: 1818: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1787:Freeland, p. 22 1786: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1733:Cox, 1969. p 48 1732: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1685: 1681: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1653:Ralph Rashleigh 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633:Cox, 1978. p. 8 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1584: 1575: 1571: 1562: 1558: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1534:26 August 1874. 1530: 1526: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1492: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1428: 1419: 1415: 1405: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1377: 1368:Ralph Rashleigh 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1334: 1330: 1317: 1313: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1282: 1273: 1269: 1260: 1256: 1243: 1239: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1208: 1204: 1195:Thomas Watling 1192: 1188: 1179: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1105:mezzanine floor 1061: 1053: 1038:The Sydney Mail 1008:school such as 936: 927: 877: 841:Ralph Rashleigh 746: 741: 734: 695: 694: 690: 681: 680: 676: 667: 666: 662: 653: 652: 650: 649:Slabs chamfered 646: 637: 636: 633: 628: 619: 515: 482: 401:galvanised iron 331: 298: 213: 194: 149:wattle and daub 133: 128: 79:Galvanized iron 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5144: 5142: 5134: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5078: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5057: 5047: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4996:Quarter sawing 4993: 4988: 4986:Wood splitting 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4896: 4894:Wood finishing 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4854:Paint stripper 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4601: 4599: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4561:Shoulder plane 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4536:Moulding plane 4533: 4528: 4526:Japanese plane 4523: 4518: 4516:Grooving plane 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4330:Flooring clamp 4327: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4287:Winding sticks 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4267:Timber-framing 4264: 4259: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4093:Particle board 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4073:Glue laminated 4070: 4064: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3654: 3652: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3611:Timber framing 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3581:Relief carving 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3481:Bush carpentry 3478: 3473: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3457: 3447: 3442: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3399: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3386: 3374: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3285:Related topics 3282: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3259:Wilderness hut 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3111:Shepherd's hut 3108: 3103: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3084:Housing portal 3066: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2810: 2808: 2807: 2800: 2793: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2700: 2693: 2692:External links 2690: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2679:See Chapter XI 2668: 2654: 2640: 2633: 2624: 2610: 2601: 2591: 2577: 2569: 2555: 2540: 2533: 2520: 2507: 2500: 2486: 2472: 2463:Cunningham, P. 2460: 2446: 2432: 2417: 2402: 2395: 2389: 2380: 2366: 2359: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2324: 2303: 2290: 2263: 2250: 2238: 2224: 2208: 2193: 2177: 2161: 2149: 2137: 2124: 2111: 2093: 2075: 2054: 2032: 2021: 2007: 1995: 1986: 1984:Cox, pp. 47–48 1977: 1968: 1959: 1950: 1938: 1927: 1907: 1894: 1885: 1873: 1864: 1855: 1837: 1828: 1816: 1801: 1789: 1780: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1735: 1726: 1714: 1701: 1692: 1679: 1666: 1657: 1655:, Chapter XIII 1644: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1606:Oxley Library. 1596: 1591:Encyc. of N.Z. 1582: 1569: 1556: 1545: 1536: 1532:Timaru Herald, 1524: 1510: 1501: 1490: 1479: 1470: 1461: 1448: 1439: 1426: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1387: 1375: 1359: 1350: 1341: 1328: 1311: 1298: 1289: 1280: 1267: 1254: 1237: 1224: 1215: 1202: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1119: 1067:Watagan Ranges 1059: 1052: 1049: 1005:Smith's Weekly 989:Buffalo Ranges 944:Augustus Earle 926: 923: 876: 873: 851:Rachel Henning 768:Henry Lawson's 733: 730: 702: 701: 697: 696: 692: 691: 684: 682: 678: 677: 670: 668: 664: 663: 656: 654: 648: 647: 640: 638: 630: 629: 622: 618: 611: 557: 556: 538:bush carpentry 514: 511: 487:Termite mounds 481: 478: 433:weatherboards. 414: 413: 383:(rushes), and 330: 327: 297: 294: 266: 265: 264:In New Zealand 226: 225: 212: 209: 193: 190: 132: 129: 127: 124: 94: 93: 87: 83: 82: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5143: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5066: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5046: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4966:Chainsaw mill 4964: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903:Organizations 4901: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4859:Steam bending 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4829:French polish 4827: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4700:Rabbet/Rebate 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4685:Mason's mitre 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4531:Jointer plane 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4501:Compass plane 4499: 4497: 4496:Chamfer plane 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486:Bedrock plane 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4272:Veneer hammer 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4184:Impact driver 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 4000:Red Quebracho 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3476:Bow and arrow 3474: 3472: 3471:Boat building 3469: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3408: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2844:Beehive house 2842: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2671:Tucker, James 2669: 2667: 2666:0-521-77733-X 2663: 2659: 2655: 2653: 2652:0-7270-0882-X 2649: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2622:0-86417-056-4 2619: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2589:0-207-17564-0 2586: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2567:0-7018-1974-X 2564: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2552:0-86417-040-8 2549: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2499: 2498:0-9594923-2-1 2495: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2484:0-7270-2042-0 2481: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2458:0-500-34035-8 2455: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2444:1-86302-343-7 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2429:0-909164-17-7 2426: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2414:0-522-84358-1 2411: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2379: 2378:0-207-19003-8 2375: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2356:0-207-14981-X 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2320:0-09-135460-9 2317: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280:0-7018-0731-8 2277: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2246:Bushman's Hut 2242: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2219: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2094: 2091:Chapter Nine. 2090: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2071:0-207-14684-5 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1996: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1924:0-522-84147-3 1921: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1862:Lewis, 3.06.2 1859: 1856: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1841: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1642:Lewis, 2.01.8 1639: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1615:Lewis, 2.03.3 1612: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1477:Lewis, 2.04.2 1474: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1190: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1165: 1160: 1151: 1146: 1137: 1132: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1101:weatherboards 1098: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1057: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018:Eric Jolliffe 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1001: 996: 994: 990: 986: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 966: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 938: 931: 924: 921: 918: 913: 907: 905: 900: 895: 893: 888: 883: 881: 874: 872: 870: 865: 863: 860: 856: 852: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 820: 817: 812: 806: 804: 801: 800:Steele Rudd's 797: 794: 790: 788: 784: 780: 779: 774: 773: 772:Drover's Wife 769: 765: 760: 758: 754: 744: 738: 731: 729: 727: 723: 718: 714: 709: 707: 699: 698: 688: 683: 674: 669: 660: 655: 644: 639: 635: 634:The Oaks, NSW 626: 621: 616: 612: 610: 608: 604: 600: 594: 592: 586: 584: 578: 575: 573: 567: 563: 561: 554: 553: 552: 549: 545: 543: 539: 534: 532: 528: 519: 512: 510: 508: 503: 500: 496: 492: 488: 479: 477: 475: 471: 467: 460: 458: 454: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 420: 411: 410: 409: 407: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 376: 373: 369: 366: 360: 356: 353: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 328: 326: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 295: 293: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 263: 262: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 223: 222: 217: 210: 207: 202: 200: 191: 189: 187: 183: 178: 172: 170: 165: 156: 152: 150: 146: 142: 138: 130: 125: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 102:is a kind of 101: 91: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 49: 41: 36: 30: 19: 4834:Heat bending 4779:Edge banding 4551:Router plane 4546:Rebate plane 4506:Finger plane 4237: 3941: 3935: 3915: 3909:Lignum vitae 3667: 3661: 3626:Wood carving 3601:Shipbuilding 3586:Root carving 3546:Log building 3511:Chip carving 3382: 3370: 3337:Transhumance 3269:Mountain hut 3248: 3232:Jamesway hut 3131:Ger district 3126:Yurt and ger 2994:Quiggly hole 2949:Menstruation 2769: 2714:. Retrieved 2707: 2684: 2674: 2657: 2643: 2636: 2628: 2613: 2604: 2597: 2580: 2573: 2558: 2543: 2536: 2531:Google Books 2526: 2513: 2503: 2489: 2475: 2466: 2449: 2435: 2420: 2405: 2398: 2391: 2383: 2369: 2362: 2347: 2327: 2311: 2306: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2282: 2271: 2266: 2258: 2253: 2241: 2232: 2227: 2220:Chapter VII. 2218:A Maori Maid 2217: 2211: 2202: 2196: 2186: 2180: 2173:Solid Advice 2172: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2135:Chapter VII. 2132: 2127: 2119: 2114: 2107:Chapter XXII 2104: 2096: 2086: 2078: 2062: 2057: 2040: 2035: 2024: 2016: 2010: 2002: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1971: 1962: 1953: 1946: 1941: 1930: 1915: 1910: 1902: 1901:Mann, 1849. 1897: 1888: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1840: 1831: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1796: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1769:Lewis, 2.4.8 1765: 1756: 1747: 1738: 1729: 1721: 1717: 1709: 1704: 1695: 1687: 1682: 1674: 1673:Cunningham, 1669: 1664:Lewis, 2.6.2 1660: 1652: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1599: 1590: 1585: 1577: 1572: 1564: 1559: 1548: 1539: 1531: 1527: 1518: 1513: 1504: 1493: 1482: 1473: 1464: 1456: 1451: 1442: 1434: 1429: 1421: 1416: 1395: 1390: 1378: 1367: 1362: 1353: 1344: 1336: 1331: 1314: 1307: 1301: 1292: 1283: 1275: 1270: 1262: 1257: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1232: 1227: 1218: 1210: 1205: 1196: 1189: 1086: 1071: 1064: 1044:Sydney Punch 1042: 1036: 1033: 1003: 1000:'backblocks' 997: 988: 982: 964: 941: 934: 909: 904:A Maori Maid 903: 902: 897: 891: 890: 885: 879: 878: 866: 849: 840: 833:'habitations 825:biographical 822: 808: 802: 798: 791: 786: 782: 781:and much of 777: 771: 762:In works of 761: 750: 742: 719: 716: 711: 703: 614: 596: 588: 580: 576: 568: 565: 558: 550: 546: 535: 524: 504: 483: 462: 450: 423: 415: 378: 374: 370: 363:rind of the 361: 358: 354: 332: 311:tangentially 299: 267: 227: 224:In Australia 204: 195: 173: 161: 134: 99: 97: 69:c. 1790–1920 29: 5126:Woodworking 5086:House types 5055:WikiProject 5001:Rift sawing 4991:Flat sawing 4879:Wood drying 4556:Scrub plane 4541:Razee plane 4491:Block plane 4345:Mitre clamp 4292:Wood scribe 4243:Combination 3985:Purpleheart 3681:Douglas fir 3631:Woodturning 3464:Occupations 3426:Woodworking 3322:Stilt house 3274:Winter room 3254:Twynham hut 3227:Quonset hut 2889:Earth lodge 2438:Lansdowne. 2073:. Chapter 1 1945:Wilkinson, 1455:Cox, 1969. 1400:Kelly Gang. 1231:See Lucas, 1078:foam-rubber 1010:Alex Gurney 993:Unk White's 933:S. T Gill, 814:the doors. 755:Australian 708:homestead: 457:whitewashed 385:blady grass 242:stringybark 141:ironmongery 137:First Fleet 5080:Categories 5010:Techniques 4959:Conversion 4889:Wood stain 4817:Treatments 4605:Birdsmouth 4571:Spokeshave 4521:Jack plane 4511:Fore plane 4350:Pipe clamp 4315:Band clamp 4239:Carpenters 4060:Engineered 4010:Rubberwood 3859:Eucalyptus 3663:Calocedrus 3576:Pyrography 3541:Kohlrosing 3342:Tree house 3239:Romney hut 3222:Nissen hut 3212:Hopper hut 3151:Beach fale 3009:Roundhouse 2835:(Nipa hut) 2833:Bahay kubo 2285:, Victoria 2131:Meredith, 2017:Stragglers 1826:Chapter 11 1724:Chapter 13 1708:Kingston, 1420:Freeland, 1408:References 1308:Stragglers 1113:two-storey 1093:gable-ends 1030:journalism 1014:Stan Cross 859:Queensland 827:writings, 787:Stragglers 757:literature 597:If only a 472:, calico, 437:quick-lime 272:of raupo, 250:turpentine 74:Materials: 4799:Parquetry 4794:Oystering 4789:Marquetry 4630:Butterfly 4297:Workbench 4229:Sandpaper 4209:Mitre box 4154:Drawknife 4144:Burnisher 4129:Abrasives 4078:Hardboard 3739:Afromosia 3621:Whittling 3571:Parquetry 3556:Marquetry 3501:Certosina 3496:Carpentry 3486:Cabinetry 3433:Overviews 3332:Thatching 3202:Beach hut 3059:Zemlyanka 3039:Tongkonan 3029:Sod house 2979:Pit-house 2939:Log cabin 2175:, p. 245. 2159:Chapter X 2043:Chapter 1 1905:pp. 22–23 1424:pp. 11–13 1335:Edwards, 1320:squatters 1082:chipboard 1024:to their 948:S.T. Gill 857:on their 855:homestead 607:chamfered 599:top plate 542:selectors 527:crofter's 466:sailcloth 441:lampblack 419:aesthetic 365:kurrajong 286:tree-fern 234:blackbutt 211:Materials 186:log cabin 169:hardwoods 145:colonists 122:periods. 90:dwellings 5045:Category 4824:Adhesive 4804:Purfling 4784:Intarsia 4725:Profiles 4650:Dovetail 4589:Geometry 4428:Hand saw 4413:Crosscut 4398:Circular 4393:Chainsaw 4340:Holdfast 4005:Rosewood 3937:American 3932:Mahogany 3904:Jelutong 3874:Hornbeam 3839:Cocobolo 3834:Chestnut 3749:Andiroba 3561:Millwork 3526:Intarsia 3521:Fretwork 3516:Ébéniste 3445:Glossary 3371:Category 3249:Slab hut 3244:Rondavel 3217:Iris hut 3207:Hexayurt 3143:Open-air 3024:Shieling 3004:Rondavel 2999:Quinzhee 2839:Barabara 2819:shelters 2815:dwelling 2673:. 1952. 2596:. 1849. 2525:. 1848. 2046:Archived 2015:Lawson, 1848:Archived 1651:Tucker, 1563:Harris, 1433:Herman, 1366:Tucker, 1274:Rawson, 1022:backdrop 906:(1898): 894:(1899): 882:(1891): 845:pipeclay 811:shingled 581:Surgeon 531:verandah 491:concrete 474:osnaburg 389:shingles 381:cumbungi 246:ironbark 120:colonial 116:settlers 104:dwelling 100:slab hut 48:Wollombi 33:Slab Hut 18:Slab Hut 5106:Joinery 5065:Commons 4981:Whipsaw 4976:Sawmill 4869:Varnish 4864:Thermal 4839:Lacquer 4774:Binding 4743:Chamfer 4610:Biscuit 4576:Surform 4468:Whipsaw 4438:Keyhole 4423:Fretsaw 4403:Compass 4388:Bucksaw 4378:Bandsaw 4373:Backsaw 4355:Sawbuck 4325:F-clamp 4320:C-clamp 4194:Jointer 4098:Plywood 4050:Zebrano 3990:Ovankol 3955:Meranti 3943:African 3914:Linden 3869:Hickory 3824:Cedrela 3819:Camphor 3814:Bubinga 3809:Boxwood 3789:Bilinga 3774:Avodire 3691:Juniper 3676:Cypress 3551:Luthier 3440:History 3176:Pergola 3161:Chickee 3121:Yaranga 2974:Palloza 2716:13 July 1437:pp. 3–7 1252:p. 43). 1213:2.02.10 987:in his 862:station 837:theatre 764:fiction 753:classic 603:mortise 572:granary 507:bearers 470:hessian 453:plaster 425:Battens 397:she-oak 338:trusses 334:Rafters 254:termite 238:bluegum 230:fissile 177:hovels. 164:humpies 66:Period: 58:Places: 4971:Hewing 4710:Splice 4665:Halved 4660:Groove 4655:Finger 4635:Coping 4620:Bridle 4597:Joints 4478:Planes 4463:Veneer 4453:Scroll 4448:Ripsaw 4433:Jigsaw 4408:Coping 4307:Clamps 4234:Square 4224:Shaper 4219:Router 4199:Mallet 4174:Gimlet 4149:Chisel 4045:Willow 4035:Walnut 4025:Totara 4015:Sapele 3980:Poplar 3965:Padauk 3927:Merbau 3899:Jarrah 3884:Imbuia 3879:Idigbo 3844:Cumaru 3829:Cherry 3754:Anigre 3716:Spruce 3669:Cedrus 3536:Khatam 3491:Caning 3454:lumber 3383:Portal 3195:Modern 3186:Toguna 3181:Ramada 3171:Palapa 3166:Gazebo 3156:Cabana 3044:Trullo 3034:Sukkah 2989:Qarmaq 2954:Mitato 2944:Maloca 2904:Goahti 2884:Dugout 2879:Crotto 2859:Burdei 2854:Bunong 2664: 2650: 2620: 2587: 2565: 2550: 2512:1969. 2496: 2482: 2465:1828. 2456: 2442: 2427: 2412: 2376: 2354: 2318: 2278: 2118:Rudd, 2069: 1922: 1883:N.L.A. 1677:p. 161 1170:Fig. 5 1156:Fig. 4 1142:Fig. 3 1128:Fig. 2 1089:joists 1074:stumps 1060:Fig. 1 946:, and 912:totara 887:ready. 591:pounds 499:faeces 495:saliva 480:Floors 445:cement 350:storey 342:Joists 319:planks 315:radial 305:and a 274:toitoi 270:thatch 112:timber 4849:Paint 4758:Ovolo 4753:Ogive 4738:Bevel 4705:Scarf 4690:Miter 4458:Table 4443:Miter 4418:Frame 4335:Gripe 4251:Speed 4247:Miter 4179:Gauge 4169:Float 4164:Fence 4159:Drill 4117:Tools 4040:Wenge 4030:Utile 3995:Ramin 3950:Maple 3922:Lovoa 3894:Iroko 3864:Hazel 3849:Ebony 3794:Birch 3784:Beech 3779:Balsa 3769:Aspen 3764:Apple 3744:Alder 3701:Kauri 3696:Larch 3658:Cedar 3641:Woods 3616:Treen 3307:Shack 3106:Lavvu 3049:Tukul 2984:Qargi 2934:Kapar 2929:Jacal 2924:Igloo 2914:Humpy 2909:Hogan 2899:Girna 2894:Funco 2869:Cleit 2849:Bothy 2287:1864. 2122:p. 3. 1690:p. 41 1459:p. 39 1182:Notes 1097:studs 917:linen 819:roof. 615:circa 431:with 323:green 307:wedge 296:Walls 199:whare 86:Uses: 5091:Huts 4748:Ogee 4733:Bead 4675:Knee 4645:Dado 4625:Butt 4365:Saws 4277:Vise 4214:Rasp 4139:Adze 4020:Teak 3975:Plum 3970:Pear 3731:Hard 3711:Rimu 3706:Pine 3650:Soft 3450:Wood 3327:Tent 3312:Shed 3116:Tipi 3101:Chum 3014:Ruka 2969:Orri 2864:Bure 2718:2015 2662:ISBN 2648:ISBN 2618:ISBN 2585:ISBN 2563:ISBN 2548:ISBN 2494:ISBN 2480:ISBN 2454:ISBN 2440:ISBN 2425:ISBN 2410:ISBN 2374:ISBN 2352:ISBN 2316:ISBN 2276:ISBN 2067:ISBN 1920:ISBN 1712:p. 8 1593:1966 1521:1966 1394:See 1324:lots 1041:and 1026:gags 1016:and 998:The 816:Pegs 745:1879 617:1838 443:and 429:clad 406:iron 346:here 303:maul 290:sods 282:fern 278:flax 258:sods 248:and 108:shed 4874:Wax 4844:Oil 4680:Lap 4615:Box 4383:Bow 4255:Try 4134:Axe 4088:OSB 4083:MDF 3960:Oak 3889:Ipê 3854:Elm 3759:Ash 3721:Yew 3686:Fir 2964:Oca 2812:Hut 962:'s 823:In 106:or 51:NSW 5082:: 4253:, 4249:, 4245:, 4241:, 3940:, 3666:, 2772:. 2768:. 2706:. 2085:. 1084:. 972:, 839:, 766:, 759:. 533:. 509:. 497:, 468:, 439:, 340:. 325:. 280:, 276:, 244:, 240:, 236:, 98:A 4258:) 4236:( 3946:) 3934:( 3672:) 3660:( 3456:) 3452:( 3418:e 3411:t 3404:v 2804:e 2797:t 2790:v 2776:. 2720:. 1046:. 81:. 20:)

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Index